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How many lives will be lost while we wait? | Berapa nyawa yang akan hilang saat kita menunggu? | en-id |
Too many already. | Troppe. | en-it |
But prevail we will. | 하지만 우리는 승리할 것입니다. | en-ko |
I'm going to speak about a tiny, little idea. | Bu gün konuşacağım konu küçük bir fikir. | en-tr |
And this is about shifting baseline. | celle de repousser les limites. | en-fr-ca |
And because the idea can be explained in one minute, I will tell you three stories before to fill in the time. | Și fiindcă ideea poate fi explicată într-un minut, voi spune înainte 3 povești să umplu timpul. | en-ro |
And the first story is about Charles Darwin, one of my heroes. | 最初のお話は 私が憧れる チャールズ・ダーウィンについてです | en-ja |
And he was here, as you well know, in '35. | ご存知のように 1835年 彼はガラパゴス諸島を訪れました | en-ja |
And you'd think he was chasing finches, but he wasn't. | Talvez pensem que ele andava atrás de pássaros, | en-pt |
He was actually collecting fish. | Aslında balık topluyordu. | en-tr |
And he described one of them as very "common." | Jednu od njih je opisao kao veoma učestalu vrstu. | en-sr |
This was the sailfin grouper. | Era la cernia di fondale, | en-it |
A big fishery was run on it until the '80s. | 그 물고기 때문에 80년대 까지 이곳이 큰 어장을 형성하고 있었는데 | en-ko |
Now the fish is on the IUCN Red List. | Ora è tra le specie a rischio di estinzione dell'IUCN. | en-it |
Now this story, we have heard it lots of times on Galapagos and other places, so there is nothing particular about it. | Cette histoire, nous l'avons entendu de nombreuses fois aux Galapagos et d'autres endroits, elle n'a donc rien de particulier. | en-fr |
But the point is, we still come to Galapagos. | Dar încă vizităm Insulele Galapagos. | en-ro |
We still think it is pristine. | ritnenendole ancora incontaminate. | en-it |
The brochures still say it is untouched. | لاتزال المطوية تقول أنها غير ممسوسة. | en-ar |
So what happens here? | 这里究竟是什么情况 | en-zh-cn |
The second story, also to illustrate another concept, is called shifting waistline. | 第二個故事,也可以用來說明另一個概念 叫做腰圍變化 | en-zh-tw |
(Laughter) Because I was there in '71, studying a lagoon in West Africa. | (Risos) Porque eu estive lá em 71, estudando uma lagoa na África Ocidental. | en-pt-br |
I was there because I grew up in Europe and I wanted later to work in Africa. | 我去那里是因为我在欧洲长大 我想以后到非洲工作 | en-zh-cn |
And I thought I could blend in. | Mặc dù tôi đã có thể hòa nhập với cuộc sống tại đó | en-vi |
And I got a big sunburn, and I was convinced that I was really not from there. | Und ich bekam einen schlimmen Sonnenbrand und war überzeugt, dass ich wirklich nicht von dort stammte. | en-de |
This was my first sunburn. | Ce fut mon premier coup de soleil. | en-fr |
And the lagoon was surrounded by palm trees, as you can see, and a few mangrove. | И лагуната беше обградена от палмови дървета, както можете да видите, и няколко мангрови дървета. | en-bg |
And it had tilapia about 20 centimeters, a species of tilapia called blackchin tilapia. | có cả cá rô phi khoảng chừng 20 cm một loài cá rô phi được với với cái tên là cá rô phi cằm đen | en-vi |
And the fisheries for this tilapia sustained lots of fish and they had a good time and they earned more than average in Ghana. | Η αλιεία αυτoύ του είδους στήριζε τότε πολλούς ψαράδες που ήταν χαρούμενοι γιατί κέρδιζαν έναν πολύ καλό μισθό για τα δεδομένα της Γκάνας. | en-el |
When I went there 27 years later, the fish had shrunk to half of their size. | Kada sam se vratio tamo posle 27 godina, ribe su se znatno smanjile, gotovo prepolovile. | en-sr |
They were maturing at five centimeters. | Ils venaient à maturité à cinq centimètres. | en-fr |
They had been pushed genetically. | Ikan ini telah didorong secara genetik. | en-id |
There were still fishes. | Certes il y avait toujours du poisson et de la pêche. | en-fr-ca |
They were still kind of happy. | كانت لا تزال فرحة نوعا ما. | en-ar |
And the fish also were happy to be there. | Peshqit poashtu ishin të lumtur që ishin aty. | en-sq |
So nothing has changed, but everything has changed. | Dakle, ništa se nije promenilo, ali se sve promenilo. | en-sr |
My third little story is that I was an accomplice in the introduction of trawling in Southeast Asia. | Meine dritte kleine Geschichte erzählt von meiner Mittäterschaft bei der Einführung der Schleppnetzfischerei in Südostasien. | en-de |
In the '70s -- well, beginning in the '60s -- Europe did lots of development projects. | Në vitet e 70-ta, ose më mirë të them me fillim në vitet e 60-ta Evropa bëri shumë projekte zhvillimi. | en-sq |
Fish development meant imposing on countries that had already 100,000 fishers to impose on them industrial fishing. | Развитие рыбного промысла означало внедрение в странах, в которых было более 100 000 рыбаков, внедрение в них промышленного лова. | en-ru |
And this boat, quite ugly, is called the Mutiara 4. | Κι αυτό το σκάφος, το ασχημούτσικο, λεγόταν Μουτιάρα 4. | en-el |
And I went sailing on it, and we did surveys throughout the southern South China sea and especially the Java Sea. | Ci ho navigato, e abbiamo fatto verifiche in tutto il Mar Cinese Meridionale e specialmente nel Mare di Giava. | en-it |
And what we caught, we didn't have words for it. | Apanhávamos coisas que nem sabíamos como se chamavam. | en-pt |
What we caught, I know now, is the bottom of the sea. | Çfarë ne kapëm, tani e di, është fundi i detit. | en-sq |
And 90 percent of our catch were sponges, other animals that are fixed on the bottom. | El 90% de lo que capturamos eran esponjas, otros animales que están en el fondo. | en-es |
And actually most of the fish, they are a little spot on the debris, the piles of debris, were coral reef fish. | Dan sebenarnya kebanyakan ikan hanyalah daerah kecil dari puing ini, tumpukan dari puing ini adalah ikan terumbu karang. | en-id |
Essentially the bottom of the sea came onto the deck and then was thrown down. | 基本上這等於將海底搬上甲板 然後隨意丟棄 | en-zh-tw |
And these pictures are extraordinary because this transition is very rapid. | Deze beelden zijn bijzonder, want deze transitie gaat erg snel. | en-nl |
Within a year, you do a survey and then commercial fishing begins. | Innerhalb eines Jahres führt man eine Erhebung durch und beginnt dann mit dem gewerblichen Fischfang. | en-de |
The bottom is transformed from, in this case, a hard bottom or soft coral into a muddy mess. | Дъното е преобразувано от, в този случай, твърдо дъно или мек корал в кална бъркотия. | en-bg |
This is a dead turtle. | Questa è una tartaruga morta. | en-it |
They were not eaten, they were thrown away because they were dead. | 이런 거북들은 죽은 거라서 먹지 않고 버린거죠. | en-ko |
And one time we caught a live one. | وما یک بار یکی را زنده گرفتیم. | en-fa |
It was not drowned yet. | Todavía no estaba ahogada. | en-es |
And then they wanted to kill it because it was good to eat. | Entonces querían matarla porque era un buen alimento. | en-es |
This mountain of debris is actually collected by fishers every time they go into an area that's never been fished. | Эта груда мусора на самом деле собирается рыбаками каждый раз, когда они работают в районе, где ещё не ловили рыбу. | en-ru |
But it's not documented. | Ancak bunlar belgelenmemiş. | en-tr |
We transform the world, but we don't remember it. | אנו משנים את העולם, אבל אנחנו לא זוכרים את זה. | en-he |
We adjust our baseline to the new level, and we don't recall what was there. | Ajustăm starea de referință la noul nivel și nu ne mai amintim ce era acolo. | en-ro |
If you generalize this, something like this happens. | Ако обобщите това, нещо такова се случва. | en-bg |
You have on the y axis some good thing: biodiversity, numbers of orca, the greenness of your country, the water supply. | Op de Y-as heb je iets goeds: biodiversiteit, aantallen orka's, de groenheid van je land, de watervoorraad. | en-nl |
And over time it changes -- it changes because people do things, or naturally. | και, με το χρόνο, αυτό αλλάζει λόγω ανθρωπίνων ή φυσικών παραγόντων. | en-el |
Every generation will use the images that they got at the beginning of their conscious lives as a standard and will extrapolate forward. | Każde pokolenie wykorzysta obrazy z początku swego świadomego życia jako pewien standard i na ich podstawie dokona szacunków na przyszłość. | en-pl |
And the difference then, they perceive as a loss. | Atëherë ndryshimin, e perceptojnë si një humbje. | en-sq |
But they don't perceive what happened before as a loss. | Aber sie nehmen die vorangegangenen Verluste nicht wahr. | en-de |
You can have a succession of changes. | Uno puede analizar la sucesión de cambios. | en-es |
At the end you want to sustain miserable leftovers. | 最后你希望 保住最后可怜的幸存者 | en-zh-cn |
And that, to a large extent, is what we want to do now. | W dużym stopniu to to, co chcemy robić teraz. | en-pl |
We want to sustain things that are gone or things that are not the way they were. | Wir möchten Dinge erhalten, die verschwunden sind oder Dinge, die nicht mehr so sind, wie sie waren. | en-de |
Now one should think this problem affected people certainly when in predatory societies, they killed animals and they didn't know they had done so after a few generations. | עכשיו צריך לחשוב על כך שהבעיה הזו השפיעה על אנשים בחברות ציד, ללא ספק, הם הרגו חיות והם לא ידעו שהם עשו את זה אחרי כמה דורות. | en-he |
Because, obviously, an animal that is very abundant, before it gets extinct, it becomes rare. | Γιατί, προφανώς, το είδος ζώου που βρίσκεται σε αφθονία, προτού εξαφανιστεί, γίνεται πρώτα σπάνιο. | en-el |
So you don't lose abundant animals. | Você não perde animais abundantes. | en-pt-br |
You always lose rare animals. | Si estinguono sempre quelli rari. | en-it |
And therefore they're not perceived as a big loss. | وبالتالي لا ينظر إليها على أنها خسارة كبيرة. | en-ar |
Over time, we concentrate on large animals, and in a sea that means the big fish. | Setiap waktu, kita berpusat pada hewan-hewan besar, yang di laut berarti ikan-ikan besar. | en-id |
They become rarer because we fish them. | Binatang itu menjadi langka karena ditangkap. | en-id |
Over time we have a few fish left and we think this is the baseline. | 不久後,海裡只剩一點點魚 然後我們會以這個數量重訂基準線 | en-zh-tw |
And the question is, why do people accept this? | Întrebarea este de ce acceptă oamenii asta? | en-ro |
Well because they don't know that it was different. | Çünkü daha önce bunun farklı olduğunu bilmiyoruz. | en-tr |
And in fact, lots of people, scientists, will contest that it was really different. | و در واقع بسیاری از مردم و دانشمندان هم بحث خواهند کرد که آن واقعاً متفاوت بوده. و در واقع بسیاری از مردم و دانشمندان هم بحث خواهند کرد که آن واقعاً متفاوت بوده. | en-fa |
And they will contest this because the evidence presented in an earlier mode is not in the way they would like the evidence presented. | Они опровергнут, потому что свидетельства, представленные ранее, не совсем такие, как они хотят представлять. | en-ru |
For example, the anecdote that some present, as Captain so-and-so observed lots of fish in this area cannot be used or is usually not utilized by fishery scientists, because it's not "scientific." | 举个例子 有人讲了一个故事 说某某船长 发现这个地区有很多鱼 这个故事不能拿来当证据 渔业科学家通常也不会采纳这个故事 因为它不够“科学” | en-zh-cn |
So you have a situation where people don't know the past, even though we live in literate societies, because they don't trust the sources of the past. | Προκύπτει λοιπόν αυτή η κατάσταση, οι άνθρωποι να μην γνωρίζουν το παρελθόν, ακόμα και τώρα που ζούμε σε εγγράμματες κοινωνίες, επειδή δεν εμπιστεύονται τις παλαιότερες πηγές. | en-el |
And hence, the enormous role that a marine protected area can play. | To je velika uloga koju igra zaštićena pomorska oblast. | en-sr |
Because with marine protected areas, we actually recreate the past. | Parce qu'avec des aires marines protégées, nous faisons revivre le passé. | en-fr |
We recreate the past that people cannot conceive because the baseline has shifted and is extremely low. | Un passato che la gente nemmeno riesce a immaginare, perché la linea di riferimento si è spostata enormemente verso il basso. | en-it |
That is for people who can see a marine protected area and who can benefit from the insight that it provides, which enables them to reset their baseline. | Questo vale per la gente che riesce a visitare queste aree marine e che trae beneficio dal constatarne le condizioni, che permettono loro di azzerare la linea di riferimento. | en-it |
How about the people who can't do that because they have no access -- the people in the Midwest for example? | Maar hoe zit het met mensen die hier geen toegang toe hebben -- mensen die ver van zee wonen, bijvoorbeeld? | en-nl |
There I think that the arts and film can perhaps fill the gap, and simulation. | Εκεί νομίζω ότι η τέχνη και ο κινηματογράφος μπορούν να παίξουν σημαντικο ρόλο. Και η εξομοίωση το ίδιο. | en-el |
This is a simulation of Chesapeake Bay. | Voici une simulation de la Baie Chesapeake | en-fr-ca |
There were gray whales in Chesapeake Bay a long time ago -- 500 years ago. | Prije mnogo vremena u Chesapeake zaljevu postojali su sivi kitovi -- prije 500 godina. | en-hr |
And you will have noticed that the hues and tones are like "Avatar." | И сте забелязали, че цветовете и тоновете са като "Аватар". | en-bg |
(Laughter) And if you think about "Avatar," if you think of why people were so touched by it -- never mind the Pocahontas story -- why so touched by the imagery? | (Lachen) Wenn Sie an "Avatar" denken, wenn Sie daran denken, warum die Menschen davon so berührt wurden – abgesehen von der Pocahontas-Geschichte, warum waren sie so berührt von der Bilderwelt? | en-de |
Because it evokes something that in a sense has been lost. | Защото тя предизвиква нещо, което по някъкъв начин е било изгубено. | en-bg |
And so my recommendation, it's the only one I will provide, is for Cameron to do "Avatar II" underwater. | Pa je moja preporuka, jedina koju ću dati, da Cameron napravi "Avatar II" pod vodom. | en-hr |
Let me begin with four words that will provide the context for this week, four words that will come to define this century. | Zacznę od słów, które dadzą kontekst na ten tydzień, słów, które określą ten wiek. | en-pl |
Here they are: The Earth is full. | Aqui estão elas: A Terra está cheia. | en-pt-br |
It's full of us, it's full of our stuff, full of our waste, full of our demands. | Sie ist voll von uns, unseren Produkten. Voll von unserem Müll, voll von unserer Nachfrage. | en-de |
Yes, we are a brilliant and creative species, but we've created a little too much stuff -- so much that our economy is now bigger than its host, our planet. | Evet, parlak ve yaratıcı bir türüz, fakat biraz fazla ıvır zıvır ürettik -- o kadar ki artık ekonomimiz ev sahibi gezegenimizden daha büyük. | en-tr |
This is not a philosophical statement, this is just science based in physics, chemistry and biology. | Ez nem egy filozófiai kijelentés, ez csupán tudomány melynek alapja fizika, kémia és biológia. | en-hu |
There are many science-based analyses of this, but they all draw the same conclusion -- that we're living beyond our means. | Istnieje wiele naukowych analiz tego stanu rzeczy, wszystkie mają tą samą konkluzję, że żyjemy ponad stan. | en-pl |
The eminent scientists of the Global Footprint Network, for example, calculate that we need about 1.5 Earths to sustain this economy. | A Global Footprint Network kiemelkedő tudósa például arra az eredményre jutott, hogy nagyjából 1.5 Földre van szükségünk, ahhoz, hogy fenntartsuk ezt a gazdaságot. | en-hu |
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