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Every day. | هر روز. | en-fa |
Rock and soil debris is dumped over the valley sides where it permanently buries headwater streams. | Pietre e detriti del suolo vengono gettati oltre la valle dove ricoprono permanentemente le sorgenti | en-it |
So far, over 500 mountains have been destroyed. | これまでに500もの 山が破壊されました | en-ja |
About 2,000 miles of streams have been permanently buried. | Sekitar 3.200 km sungai dikubur selama-lamanya. | en-id |
Water emerging from the base of the valley fills is highly contaminated and remains contaminated for decades. | L'acqua che affiora dai detriti è altamente contaminata e rimane contaminata per decenni. | en-it |
The coal then has to be chemically treated, crushed and washed before it can be transported to power plants and burned. | Batu baranya lalu harus diberi kimia, dihancurkan dan dicuci sebelum bisa dikirim ke pembangkit listrik dan dibakar. | en-id |
This cleaning takes place on-site. | Deze reiniging gebeurt op het terrein. | en-nl |
The process produces more air pollution and contaminates billions of gallons of water with metals, sulfates, cleaning chemicals and other impurities. | このプロセスはさらなる 大気汚染を発生させ 何十億リットルもの水が 金属、硫酸塩、洗浄液 その他不純物で汚染されます | en-ja |
All of this to produce three percent of US electricity demand -- only three percent of US electricity demand. | 所有這一切，就是為了產生 3% 的美國電力需求—— 僅僅 3% 的美國電力需求。 | en-zh-tw |
As you can appreciate, this prompts all sorts of other questions. | همانطور که شما متوجه شدید این مساله سوالهای دیگری را مطرح میکند. | en-fa |
What are the health impacts of mountaintop-removal mining? | 봉우리를 제거하는 채굴이 건강에 어떤 영향을 미칠까요? | en-ko |
There are over a million people who live in counties where MTR takes place and millions more downstream and downwind. | Existem mais de um milhão de pessoas morando em municípios onde ocorre a RTM e milhões mais rio abaixo e a favor do vento. | en-pt-br |
What has been the response of industry and government when these issues are documented? | Qu'ont fait les industries et le gouvernement quand ces problèmes ont été documentés ? | en-fr |
And again, what is the ethical obligation of science when faced with this disturbing situation? | 同樣的，在面對這種 讓人不舒服的情況時， 科學家的倫理義務是什麼？ | en-zh-tw |
I began to research this issue in 2006. | Comecei a pesquisar esse assunto em 2006. | en-pt-br |
I had just taken a job at West Virginia University. | Ik had net een baan bij West Virginia University. | en-nl |
Before then, I hadn't done any research related to coal. | それ以前に石炭に関する研究を したことがありませんでしたが | en-ja |
But I started to hear stories from people who lived in these mining communities. | Mas comecei a escutar as histórias de pessoas que vivem nessas comunidades de mineração. | en-pt-br |
They said that the water they drank was not clean, that the air they breathed was polluted. | Ils disaient que l'eau qu'ils buvaient n'était pas propre, que l'air qu'ils respiraient était pollué. | en-fr |
They would tell me about their own illnesses or illnesses in their family. | أخبروني عن أمراضهم أو الأمراض في عائلاتهم. | en-ar |
They were worried about how common cancer was in their neighborhoods. | انتابهم القلق عن السرطان المنتشر في الجوار. | en-ar |
I met with many people in southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky to listen to those stories and hear their concerns. | Saya bertemu dengan banyak orang di Virginia Barat selatan dan Kentucky timur untuk mendengarkan cerita ini dan keluhan mereka. | en-id |
I searched the scientific literature and was surprised to learn that nothing had been published on the public health effects of coal mining in the United States. | J'ai cherché des documents scientifiques et, à ma grande surprise, rien n'avait été publié sur les conséquences sanitaires de l'exploitation de charbon aux États-Unis. | en-fr |
Let me say that again -- nothing had been published on the public health effects of coal mining in the US. | Je répète : rien n'avait été publié sur les conséquences sanitaires de l'exploitation de charbon aux États-Unis. | en-fr |
So I thought, "I can make a new contribution, no matter what I find, to either confirm these concerns or to alleviate them." | پس, فکر کردم، «من میتوانم سهمی در این باره داشته باشم، یافتههای من هر چه باشد، آن را برای تایید این نگرانیها یا تسکین آنها بکار میگیرم.» | en-fa |
I had no personal or organizational agenda. | Saya tidak mempunyai agenda pribadi. | en-id |
Many of my colleagues initially were skeptical that there would be any link between public health and mining. | تشكك العديد من زملائي في البداية من وجود أي صلة بين الصحة العامة والتعدين. | en-ar |
They predicted that the health problems could be explained by poverty or by lifestyle issues, like smoking and obesity. | Eles previam que os problemas de saúde poderiam ser explicados pela pobreza ou por questões de estilo de vida, como tabagismo e obesidade. | en-pt-br |
When I started, I thought maybe they would be right. | Saat saya mulai, saya pikir bahwa mereka benar. | en-id |
We started by analyzing existing databases that allowed us to link population health to mining activity and to control statistically for age, sex, race, smoking, obesity, poverty, education, health insurance and others we could measure. | On a commencé par analyser les données existantes qui nous permettaient de faire le lien entre la santé et l'activité minière et de prendre en compte âge, sexe, ethnie, tabagisme, obésité, pauvreté, éducation, assurance maladie et tout ce que l'on pouvait mesurer. | en-fr |
We found evidence that confirmed the concerns of the residents, and we started to publish our findings. | Encontramos evidências que confirmavam as preocupações dos moradores, e começamos a publicar nossas descobertas. | en-pt-br |
As a very brief summary, we found that people who live where mountaintop removal takes place have significantly higher levels of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and chronic lung disease like COPD. | Em um breve resumo, descobrimos que as pessoas que vivem em áreas de remoção do topo da montanha têm níveis significativamente mais altos de doenças cardiovasculares, doença renal e doença pulmonar crônica como a DPOC. | en-pt-br |
Death rates from cancer are significantly elevated, especially for lung cancer. | I tassi di mortalità per i cancro sono molto alti, soprattutto per il cancro ai polmoni. | en-it |
We've seen evidence for higher rates of birth defects and for babies born at low birth weight. | Encontrámos provas de taxas mais altas de defeitos à nascença e de bebés nascidos com baixo peso. | en-pt |
The difference in total mortality equates to about 1,200 excess deaths every year in MTR areas, controlling for other risks. | Het verschil in de totale sterfte komt neer op ongeveer 1.200 extra doden per jaar in MTR-gebieden, na controle voor andere risico's. | en-nl |
Twelve hundred excess deaths every year. | Seribu dua ratus kelebihan kematian setiap tahun. | en-id |
Not only are death rates higher, but they increase as the levels of mining go up in a dose-response manner. | Niet alleen zijn de sterftecijfers hoger, maar als de mijnbouw toeneemt, stijgen ze evenredig. | en-nl |
Next, we started to conduct community door-to-door health surveys. | Abbiamo iniziato a condurre sondaggi porta-a-porta sulla salute in comunità | en-it |
We surveyed people living within a few miles of MTR versus similar rural communities without mining. | ما مردم ساکن در چند مایلی منطقه MTR را مطالعه کردیم و با منطقه روستایی مشابه بدون معدن مقایسه کردیم. | en-fa |
Survey results show higher levels of personal and family illness, self-reported health status is poorer, and illness symptoms across a broad spectrum are more common. | Les résultats montrent des taux de maladies plus élevés, des états de santé déclarés plus mauvais, et des symptômes de maladies diverses plus courants. | en-fr |
These studies are only associational. | 這些研究只是關聯性的。 | en-zh-tw |
We all know that correlation does not prove causation. | 우리는 모두 연관성만으로 인과관계를 확정할 순 없다는 걸 알고 있습니다. | en-ko |
These studies did not include data on the actual environmental conditions in mining communities. | 這些研究並沒有納入採礦社區 實際環境條件的資料。 | en-zh-tw |
So we started to collect and report on that. | Donc nous avons commencé à étudier ça. | en-fr |
We found that violations of public drinking-water standards are seven times more common in MTR areas versus non-mining areas. | Descobrimos que as violações dos padrões de fornecimento de água pública são sete vezes mais comuns nas áreas de exploração mineira | en-pt |
We collected air samples and found that particulate matter is elevated in mining communities, especially in the ultra-fine range. | جمعنا عينات من الهواء واكتشفنا أن المادة الجزيئية مرتفعة في مجتمعات التعدين، خاصةً على مستوى فائق الدقة. | en-ar |
The dust in mining communities contains a complex mixture, but includes high levels of silica, a known lung carcinogen, and potentially harmful organic compounds. | El polvo en las comunidades mineras tiene una composición compleja, pero incluye altos niveles de sílice, un causante de cáncer pulmonar, y compuestos orgánicos potencialmente dañinos. | en-es |
We used the dust in laboratory experiments and found that it induced cardiovascular dysfunction in rats. | استخدمنا الغبار في تجارب المعمل واكتشفنا أنه يحدث خللًا وظيفيًا في القلب والأوعية الدموية لدى الفئران. | en-ar |
The dust also promoted the development of lung cancer in human in vitro lung cells. | La polvere ha anche favorito lo sviluppo del cancro ai polmoni nelle cellule in vitro. | en-it |
This is just a quick summary of some of our studies. | Isto é apenas um breve resumo de alguns dos nossos estudos. | en-pt |
The coal industry does not like what we have to say. | 石炭産業はこの結果を 苦々しく受け取りました | en-ja |
Neither does the government in coal country. | 석탄수출국가의 정부들도 마찬가지입니다. | en-ko |
Just like the tobacco industry paid for research to defend the safety of smoking, so the coal industry has tried to do the same by paying people to write papers claiming that MTR is safe. | Así como la industria tabacalera financió investigaciones que defendían el cigarrillo, la industria del carbón ha tratado de hacer lo mismo financiando artículos científicos que dijeran que la MTR es segura. | en-es |
Lawyers have sent me harassing demands under the Freedom of Information Act, eventually denied by the courts. | Advocaten stuurden me intimiderende eisen tot inzage in informatie maar werden teruggefloten door de rechter. | en-nl |
I'd been attacked at public testimony at a Congressional hearing by a congressman with ties to the energy industry. | هوجمت أثناء إدلاء شهادة علنية في جلسة استماع للكونجرس، من عضو في الكونجرس له صلات بقطاع صناعة الطاقة. | en-ar |
One governor has publicly declared that he refuses to read the research. | ある知事は私の研究結果を絶対に 読まないと公言しました | en-ja |
And after a meeting with a member of Congress, in which I specifically shared my research, I later heard that representative say they knew nothing about it. | E, depois de uma reunião com um membro do Congresso, em que eu expus a minha investigação, ouvi dizer depois que esse representante disse não saber nada sobre o assunto. | en-pt |
I worked with scientists at the US Geological Survey on environmental sampling for more than two years. | عملت مع علماء في هيئة المسح الجيولوجي الأمريكية على أخذ العينات البيئية لأكثر من عامين. | en-ar |
And just as they were starting to publish their findings, they were suddenly instructed by their superiors to stop work on this project. | Dan saat mereka mulai menerbitkan pencarian mereka mereka tiba-tiba disuruh oleh atasan untuk menghentikannya. | en-id |
In August of this year, the National Academy of Sciences was suddenly instructed by the federal government to stop their independent review of the public health consequences of surface mining. | In augustus van dit jaar moest de National Academy of Sciences plotseling in opdracht van de federale overheid hun onafhankelijke beoordeling stoppen over de gevolgen van dagbouw voor de volksgezondheid. | en-nl |
These actions are politically motivated, in my view. | 제가 볼 때 이런 것들은 정치적 행동입니다. | en-ko |
But there is opposition from researchers, too. | Mais des chercheurs s'y opposent aussi. | en-fr |
At conferences or meetings, they express skepticism. | 회담이나 모임에서 그들은 계속 회의를 표했습니다. | en-ko |
OK, we are all taught, as scientists, to be skeptical. | OK, kita semua diajarkan, sebagai ilmuwan, untuk curiga. | en-id |
They ask, "What about this possible explanation?" | 他們會問：「那這個 可能的解釋又該怎麼說？」 | en-zh-tw |
"Have you considered that alternative interpretation?" | "Tiveram em consideração esta interpretação alternativa?" | en-pt |
They wonder, "There must be some confounder that we missed. | 他們納悶：「我們一定有 遺漏掉某個干擾因子。 | en-zh-tw |
Some other variable we haven't accounted for." | 説明していない変数があるのだ」 | en-ja |
"An in vitro study, what does that prove?" | "Um estudo 'in vitro', o que é que prova?" | en-pt |
"A rat study -- how do we know the same effects would be found in people?" | "Um estudo com ratos — como sabemos "que se encontram os mesmos efeitos em pessoas?" | en-pt |
Maybe so. | Talán így van. | en-hu |
Technically, you have to acknowledge that they could be right, but you know, maybe these health problems are not the result of some unmeasured confound. | عمليًا، عليكم الإقرار بأنهم قد يكونون محقين، لكن تعلمون، ربما هذه المشكلات الصحية ليست ناجمة عن بعض المؤثرات التي لا تخضع للقياس. | en-ar |
Maybe they result from blowing up mountains over people's heads. | Talvez eles resultem da explosão de montanhas sobre a cabeça das pessoas. | en-pt-br |
(Laughter) (Applause) There can always be doubt, if doubt is what you seek. | (Rires) (Applaudissements) Il y aura toujours des doutes si l'on cherche à avoir des doutes. | en-fr |
Because we can never do that defining experiment. | 因為我們不可能做 那麼有決定性的實驗。 | en-zh-tw |
Any next study must always be associational. | Qualquer próximo estudo deve sempre ser associativo. | en-pt-br |
So perhaps you can understand why I've started to wonder, how much evidence is enough? | 여러분들은 이제 제가 왜 이런 의문으로 이야기를 시작했는지 이해하실 겁니다. 도대체 얼마나 많은 증거들이 필요할까요? | en-ko |
I've published over 30 papers on this topic so far. | Já publiquei mais de 30 artigos sobre este tópico. | en-pt |
Along with my coauthors, other researchers have added to the evidence, yet government doesn't want to listen, and the industry says it's only correlational. | Os meus colegas e outros investigadores acrescentaram novas provas mas o governo não quer ouvir. A indústria diz que é apenas uma correlação, | en-pt |
They say Appalachians have lifestyle issues. | Que el problema es el estilo de vida en los Apalaches. | en-es |
As though it had never occurred to us to control for smoking or obesity or poverty or education or health insurance. | كما لو أنه لم يخطر ببالنا قط رصد التدخين والسمنة والفقر والتعليم والتأمين الصحي. | en-ar |
We controlled for all of those and more. | 이런 것들을 감안해왔고 더 많은 것들을 고려했습니다. | en-ko |
There comes a point where we don't need more research, where we can't ask people to be unwilling research subjects so we can do the next study. | Si arriva a un punto in cui non serve più ricerca, in cui non possiamo chiedere alle persone di fare da cavie per un'altra ricerca. | en-it |
As scientists, we follow the data wherever it goes, but sometimes data can only take us so far and we have to decide, as thinking, feeling human beings, what it means and when it is time to act. | به عنوان دانشمند، ما دادهها را هر سمتی بروند دنبال میکنیم، اما دادهها گاهی ما را تا همینجا بیشتر جلو نمیبرند و مجبوریم انتخاب کنیم، به عنوان انسان دارای فکر و احساس، دادهها چه معنی دارند و کی زمان عمل کردن است. | en-fa |
I think that is true, not only for MTR but for other situations where evidence is strong and concerning but imperfect. | Penso che ciò sia vero, non solo per la MTR, ma anche per altre situazioni dove le prove sono solide e preoccupanti ma imperfette. | en-it |
And when failing to act if you're wrong means people's lives. | E quando deixar de agir se estivermos errados se refere à vida das pessoas. | en-pt-br |
It may seem strange that there is any controversy over the health effects of mountaintop-removal mining. | Puede parecer extraño que haya controversia sobre los efectos en la salud de la minería de remoción de cima. | en-es |
But somehow, this subject has wound up in a scientific and political twilight zone alongside the debate over climate change or the argument years ago about whether or not smoking caused cancer. | اما این موضوع نگران کننده شده است در فضایی بین علم و سیاست در کنار بحث تغییرات آبوهوایی یا بحثهای چند سال گذشته درباره اینکه کشیدن سیگار باعث سرطان میشود یا نه. | en-fa |
In this twilight zone, much of the data seems to point to one conclusion. | در این گرگومیش، اکثر دادهها بنظر یک نتیجه را نشان میدهند. | en-fa |
But the economics or the politics or the prevailing public view insist on the opposite conclusion. | اما اقتصاد یا سیاست یا افکار عمومی غالب بر نتیجه دیگری اصرار میکنند. | en-fa |
When you're a scientist and you think you have a valid insight where the health of entire populations is at stake but you find yourself trapped in this twilight zone of denial and disbelief, what is your moral and ethical obligation? | Quando sei uno scienziato e pensi di avere un'idea valida dove è in gioco la salute di tutta la popolazione ma ti ritrovi intrappolato in questa zona grigia di negazione e scetticismo, qual è il tuo obbligo morale ed etico? | en-it |
Obviously, scientists are responsible for telling the truth as they see it, based on evidence. | 明らかに 科学者は証拠に 基づく真実を 報告する責任があります | en-ja |
Simply stated, we have an obligation to stand up for the data. | 簡単に言えば 私達はデータを 擁護する義務があります | en-ja |
It can be extremely frustrating to wait around for public opinion or political consensus to catch up to the scientific understanding. | Pode ser extremamente frustrante esperar que a opinião pública ou o consenso político acompanhem a compreensão científica. | en-pt |
But the more controversial the subject and the more frustrating the debate, the more critical it is for scientists to preserve our objectivity and our reputation for integrity. | Maar hoe controversiëler het onderwerp en hoe frustrerender het debat, des te belangrijker is het om onze objectiviteit te bewaren en onze reputatie van integriteit. | en-nl |
Because integrity is the coin of the realm in scientific and public policy debate. | Perché l'integrità è la moneta sonante del dibattito tra scienza e politica pubblica. | en-it |
In the long run, our reputation for integrity is the most powerful tool that we have, even more powerful than the data itself. | 長期來看， 我們的正直名譽 是我們最強大的工具， 甚至比資料本身都更強大。 | en-zh-tw |
Without an acknowledged integrity on the part of scientists, no amount of data will ever convince people to believe painful or difficult truths. | Zonder een erkende integriteit van de kant van wetenschappers zullen zelfs hopen data mensen nooit overtuigen om pijnlijke of moeilijke waarheden te geloven. | en-nl |
But when we cultivate and guard our reputation for integrity, when we patiently stand up for the data and keep doing the studies and keep calmly bringing the results to the public, that's when we have our greatest impact. | 但當我們能培養 和保衛我們的正直名譽， 當我們能有耐心地為資料站出來， 並持續做研究， 持續平靜地將結果帶給民眾， 那就是我們的影響達到最大的時候。 | en-zh-tw |
Eventually, scientific truth does and will win out. | Au final, la vérité scientifique l'emportera. | en-fr |
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