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Over the years, computer scientists have tried a few different strategies for deciding what to remove from the fast memory. | 수년 동안 컴퓨터 과학자들은 몇 가지 다른 전략을 시도해 왔는데 빠른 메모리에서 제거할 것을 결정하는 것이죠. | en-ko |
They've tried things like choosing something at random or applying what's called the "first-in, first-out principle," which means removing the item which has been in the memory for the longest. | Zkusili třeba vybírat náhodně, nebo aplikovat přístup „FIFO" („první dovnitř, první ven"), což znamená odebrat věc, která je v paměti nejdéle. | en-cs |
But the strategy that's most effective focuses on the items which have been least recently used. | Ale najskuteczniejsza metoda skupia się na tym, co było najdawniej modyfikowane. | en-pl |
This says if you're going to decide to remove something from memory, you should take out the thing which was last accessed the furthest in the past. | Nó nói rằng nếu bạn đang quyết định nên xóa thứ gì khỏi bộ nhớ, bạn nên bỏ đi thứ truy cập lần cuối từ khoảng thời gian cách xa lâu nhất. | en-vi |
And there's a certain kind of logic to this. | Jest w tym pewna logika. | en-pl |
If it's been a long time since you last accessed that piece of information, it's probably going to be a long time before you're going to need to access it again. | Если прошло много времени с последнего использования информации, скорее всего, пройдёт много времени, прежде чем она вам снова понадобится. | en-ru |
Your wardrobe is just like the computer's memory. | Tủ quần áo của bạn cũng giống như bộ nhớ của máy tính | en-vi |
You have limited capacity, and you need to try and get in there the things that you're most likely to need so that you can get to them as quickly as possible. | La capacité est limitée, et vous devez y ranger les vêtements dont vous aurez le plus besoin pour y avoir accès le plus rapidement possible. | en-fr |
Recognizing that, maybe it's worth applying the least recently used principle to organizing your wardrobe as well. | Αναγνωρίζοντας αυτό, ίσως αξίζει να εφαρμόσετε την αρχή τη πιο πρόσφατης χρήσης για να οργανώσετε και τη ντουλάπα σας. | en-el |
So if we go back to Martha's four questions, the computer scientists would say that of these, the last one is the most important. | Wracając do czterech pytań Marthy, informatyk powiedziałby, że ostatnio używane jest najważniejsze. | en-pl |
This idea of organizing things so that the things you are most likely to need are most accessible can also be applied in your office. | 最も必要になりそうなものが 最も取り出しやすいところに来るよう 整理するというアイデアは 仕事場にも適用できます | en-ja |
The Japanese economist Yukio Noguchi actually invented a filing system that has exactly this property. | Japon ekonomist Yukio Noguchi bu özelliğe sahip bir dosyalama sistemi icat etti. | en-tr |
He started with a cardboard box, and he put his documents into the box from the left-hand side. | Ξεκίνησε με ένα χάρτινο κουτί, και έβαλε μέσα τα έγγραφά του ξεκινώντας από αριστερά. | en-el |
Each time he'd add a document, he'd move what was in there along and he'd add that document to the left-hand side of the box. | Kiedy dodawał dokument, przesuwał ten, który był pierwszy i wkładał nowy z lewej strony pudełka. | en-pl |
And each time he accessed a document, he'd take it out, consult it and put it back in on the left-hand side. | 書類を使うときは 箱から取り出し 使った後は 箱の左端に戻します | en-ja |
As a result, the documents would be ordered from left to right by how recently they had been used. | Và kết quả là, tài liệu được sắp xếp từ trái qua phải dựa vào thời gian sử dụng gần đây. | en-vi |
And he found he could quickly find what he was looking for by starting at the left-hand side of the box and working his way to the right. | Shvatio je da može brzo pronaći ono što traži ako krene tražiti s lijeve strane kutije i nastavi prema desnoj strani. | en-hr |
Before you dash home and implement this filing system -- (Laughter) it's worth recognizing that you probably already have. | Πριν τρέξετε σπίτι και εφαρμόσετε το σύστημα- (Γέλια) να αναγνωρίσετε ότι μάλλον ήδη το έχετε κάνει. | en-el |
(Laughter) That pile of papers on your desk ... | (Smích) Ta hromada papírů na vašem stole... | en-cs |
typically maligned as messy and disorganized, a pile of papers is, in fact, perfectly organized -- (Laughter) as long as you, when you take a paper out, put it back on the top of the pile, then those papers are going to be ordered from top to bottom by how recently they were used, and you can probably quickly find what... | بالإجمال مبعثرة وغير مرتبة، في الواقع رزمة من الأوراق هي مرتبة بشكل مثالي... (ضحك) طالما حين تأخذون ورقة ما، تعيدونها فوق الأوراق، حينها ستعود مرتبة من الأعلى إلى الأسفل حسب الورقة التي تم استُعملت مؤخرا ومن المرجح أن تجدوا ما تبحثون عنه بسرعة عبر البدء من أعلى رزمة الأوراق. | en-ar |
Organizing your wardrobe or your desk are probably not the most pressing problems in your life. | مرتب کردن کمد یا میزتان احتمالا بزرگترین مشکل شما در زندگی نیست. | en-fa |
Sometimes the problems we have to solve are simply very, very hard. | 때때로 우리가 풀어야 할 문제는 그저 매우 매우 어렵습니다. | en-ko |
But even in those cases, computer science can offer some strategies and perhaps some solace. | 하지만 그런 경우에라도 컴퓨터 과학은 약간의 전략을 제안할 수 있습니다. 어쩌면 약간의 위안도 줄 수 있죠. | en-ko |
The best algorithms are about doing what makes the most sense in the least amount of time. | 최고의 알고리즘은 최적의 것을 최소의 시간으로 합니다. | en-ko |
When computers face hard problems, they deal with them by making them into simpler problems -- by making use of randomness, by removing constraints or by allowing approximations. | A számítógépes feldolgozás során a bonyolult problémák helyett egyszerűbbeket vesznek: véletlenszerűen választott speciális eseteket, vagy elhagynak néhány feltételt, esetleg közelítő megoldást keresnek. | en-hu |
Solving those simpler problems can give you insight into the harder problems, and sometimes produces pretty good solutions in their own right. | Giải quyết vấn đề đơn giản hơn giúp bạn hiểu được vấn đề khó hơn và đôi khi tạo ra các giải pháp khá tốt theo cách riêng của chúng. | en-vi |
Knowing all of this has helped me to relax when I have to make decisions. | こういったことを知っていることで 決断の際に気が楽になります | en-ja |
You could take the 37 percent rule for finding a home as an example. | La règle des 37% pour trouver une maison est un exemple. | en-fr |
There's no way that you can consider all of the options, so you have to take a chance. | ليس بالإمكان دراسة كل الخيارات لهذا السبب يجب أن نجازف. | en-ar |
And even if you follow the optimal strategy, you're not guaranteed a perfect outcome. | A i kdybyste postupovali podle optimální strategie, ne vždy dosáhnete perfektního výsledku. | en-cs |
If you follow the 37 percent rule, the probability that you find the very best place is -- funnily enough ... | Nếu bạn theo quy tắc 37%, xác suất bạn tìm thấy nơi tốt nhất là -- khá hài hước... | en-vi |
(Laughter) 37 percent. | (Smeh) 37 procenata. | en-sr |
You fail most of the time. | רוב הזמן לא תצליחו, | en-he |
But that's the best that you can do. | Αλλά αυτό είναι το καλύτερο που μπορείτε να κάνετε. | en-el |
Ultimately, computer science can help to make us more forgiving of our own limitations. | בשורה התחתונה, מדעי המחשב יכולים להפוך אותנו לסלחניים יותר ביחס למגבלותינו. | en-he |
You can't control outcomes, just processes. | Δεν μπορείτε να ελέγξετε αποτελέσματα, μόνο διαδικασίες. | en-el |
And as long as you've used the best process, you've done the best that you can. | Ve en iyi işlemi kullandığınız sürece, yapabileceğinizin en iyisini yaptınız. | en-tr |
Sometimes those best processes involve taking a chance -- not considering all of your options, or being willing to settle for a pretty good solution. | Ponekad ti najbolji procesi uključuju rizik - da se ne razmotre sve mogućnosti ili volju da se zadovoljimo sa prilično dobrim rešenjem. | en-sr |
These aren't the concessions that we make when we can't be rational -- they're what being rational means. | No son concesiones que hacemos cuando no podemos ser racionales; ser racional es justamente esto. | en-es |
I'm here to share my photography. | मैं यहाँ अपनी फोटोग्राफी बाँटने के लिए आया हूँ | | en-hi |
Or is it photography? | या क्या यह फोटोग्राफी हैं? | en-hi |
Because, of course, this is a photograph that you can't take with your camera. | Protože toto je obrázek, který samozřejmě nemůžete vyfotit. | en-cs |
Yet, my interest in photography started as I got my first digital camera at the age of 15. | En fait, mon intérêt pour la photographie a débuté quand j'ai eu mon premier appareil photo numérique à l'âge de 15 ans. | en-fr-ca |
It mixed with my earlier passion for drawing, but it was a bit different, because using the camera, the process was in the planning instead. | Združilo se je z mojo strastjo do risanja, ampak je bilo nekoliko drugače, ker se je pri uporabi fotoaparata proces skrival v načrtovanju. | en-sl |
And when you take a photograph with a camera, the process ends when you press the trigger. | และเมื่อคุณใช้กล้องถ่ายภาพ ขั้นตอนก็จบลงเมื่อคุณกดชัตเตอร์ | en-th |
So to me it felt like photography was more about being at the right place and the right time. | Οπότε ένιωθα ότι η φωτογραφία είχε να κάνει περισσότερο με το να είσαι στο σωστό μέρος τη σωστή στιγμή. | en-el |
I felt like anyone could do that. | Det føltes som om hvem som helst kunne gjøre det. | en-nb |
So I wanted to create something different, something where the process starts when you press the trigger. | ผมเลยอยากลองทำอะไรที่มันต่างออกไป อะไรก็ได้ที่ขั้นตอนเริ่มจากการ กดปุ่มถ่ายภาพ | en-th |
Photos like this: construction going on along a busy road. | Ilyen fényképeket: folyik a munka egy forgalmas úton. | en-hu |
But it has an unexpected twist. | אבל יש לה טוויסט בלתי צפוי. | en-he |
And despite that, it retains a level of realism. | 尽管如此 它仍然保留了一份现实主义感 | en-zh-cn |
Or photos like these -- both dark and colorful, but all with a common goal of retaining the level of realism. | Ou fotografias como estas, tanto escuras, como coloridas mas todas com o objetivo comum de manter um certo nível de realismo. | en-pt |
When I say realism, I mean photo-realism. | Quand je dis réalisme, j'entends le photo-réalisme. | en-fr-ca |
Because, of course, it's not something you can capture really, but I always want it to look like it could have been captured somehow as a photograph. | Bởi vì, tất nhiên, nó không phải là một thứ mà bạn thực sự có thể nắm được, nhưng tôi luôn muốn nó có vẻ như nắm bắt được theo một cách nào đấy như là một bức ảnh. | en-vi |
Photos where you will need a brief moment to think to figure out the trick. | รูปต่างๆ ที่คุณต้องหยุดสักนิดเพื่อคิด ว่าเขาทำได้ยังไงนะ | en-th |
So it's more about capturing an idea than about capturing a moment really. | Gre veliko bolj za zajemanje idej kot zajemanje trenutkov. | en-sl |
But what's the trick that makes it look realistic? | Але у чому фокус, який робить світлину правдоподібною? | en-uk |
Is it something about the details or the colors? | Дело в деталях или в цвете? | en-ru |
Is it something about the light? | Ima svetloba kaj pri tem? | en-sl |
What creates the illusion? | Qu'est-ce qui crée l'illusion ? | en-fr-ca |
Sometimes the perspective is the illusion. | Nogen gange er det perspektivet der er illusionen. | en-da |
But in the end, it comes down to how we interpret the world and how it can be realized on a two-dimensional surface. | Dar în final contează cum anume interpretăm lumea şi cum poate fi realizată pe o suprafaţă bidimensională. | en-ro |
It's not really what is realistic, it's what we think looks realistic really. | Дело не в том, что реалистично, а в том, что мы считаем реалистичным. | en-ru |
So I think the basics are quite simple. | خُب فکر کنم مبنای آن بسیار ساده است. خُب فکر کنم مبنای آن بسیار ساده است. | en-fa |
I just see it as a puzzle of reality where you can take different pieces of reality and put it together to create alternate reality. | Ich sehe sie als ein Puzzle der Realität, bei dem man verschiedene Stücke nehmen und zusammensetzen kann, um eine alternative Realität zu kreieren. | en-de |
And let me show you a simple example. | Թույլ տվեք ցուցադրել մի օրինակ: | en-hy |
Here we have three perfectly imaginable physical objects, something we all can relate to living in a three-dimensional world. | เรามีวัตถุรูปร่างธรรมดามาก สามชิ้น เป็นอะไรที่เราพบเห็นได้ทั่วไปในโลกจริง 3 มิติ | en-th |
But combined in a certain way, they can create something that still looks three-dimensional, like it could exist. | Ale zkombinováno tím správným způsobem mohu vytvořit něco, co stále vypadá trojrozměrně, jako by to mohlo existovat. | en-cs |
But at the same time, we know it can't. | Mirëpo në të njejtën kohë, ne e dimë se nuk mundet të ekzistojë. | en-sq |
So we trick our brains, because our brain simply doesn't accept the fact that it doesn't really make sense. | Nên chúng ta mới đánh lừa bộ não, vì một cách đơn giản não bộ chúng ta không chấp nhận những yếu tố mà trên thực tế là vô lý | en-vi |
And I see the same process with combining photographs. | Es redzu šo pašu procesu, kombinējot fotogrāfijas. | en-lv |
It's just really about combining different realities. | זה רק באמת שילוב של מציאויות שונות. | en-he |
So the things that make a photograph look realistic, I think it's the things that we don't even think about, the things all around us in our daily lives. | 所以讓一張照片看起來真實的那些東西， 我覺得是那些我們從不曾沒想過的， 那些一直存在於我們日常生活中的東西。 | en-zh-tw |
But when combining photographs, this is really important to consider, because otherwise it just looks wrong somehow. | Ma quando si combinano le fotografie è molto importante tenerne conto, perché altrimenti sembra che qualcosa non quadri. | en-it |
So I would like to say that there are three simple rules to follow to achieve a realistic result. | Aş vrea să spun că există trei reguli simple de urmat pentru obţinerea unui rezultat realistic. | en-ro |
As you can see, these images aren't really special. | Ako vidíte, tieto obrázky nie sú veľmi zvláštne. | en-sk |
But combined, they can create something like this. | Ale keď sa skombinujú, môžu vytvoriť niečo takéto. | en-sk |
So the first rule is that photos combined should have the same perspective. | 그래서 첫 번째 규칙은 조합되는 사진들이 같은 관점을 가져야 한다는 것입니다. | en-ko |
Secondly, photos combined should have the same type of light. | שנית, לתמונות משולבות צריכים להיות אותם תנאי תאורה. | en-he |
And these two images both fulfill these two requirements -- shot at the same height and in the same type of light. | Ve bu iki resimde de bu iki koşul var -- aynı yükseklikten ve aynı ışıkta çekilmişler. | en-tr |
The third one is about making it impossible to distinguish where the different images begin and end by making it seamless. | Yang ketiga adalah tentang membuatnya mustahil untuk dibedakan kapan gambar yang berbeda mulai dan berakhir dengan membuatnya mulus. | en-id |
Make it impossible to say how the image actually was composed. | Macht es unmöglich zu sagen, wie das Foto eigentlich zusammengesetzt wurde. | en-de |
So by matching color, contrast and brightness in the borders between the different images, adding photographic defects like depth of field, desaturated colors and noise, we erase the borders between the different images and make it look like one single image, despite the fact that one image can contain hundreds of laye... | तो रंगों, कॉन्ट्रास्ट और चमक को मिला कर विभिन्न तस्वीरों के सीमाओं के बीच में, फोटोग्राफिक गलतियों को जोड़ कर जैसे कि क्षेत्र की गहराई, असंतृप्त रंग और नॉइस, हम विभिन्न तस्वीरों की सीमाओं को मिटा देते है और इसे एक तस्वीर की तरह दिखने वाला बनाते है, इस तथ्य के अलावा कि एक तस्वीर में असल में सैकड़ों परते हो सकती है | | en-hi |
So here's another example. | Lūk, vēl viens piemērs. | en-lv |
(Laughter) One might think that this is just an image of a landscape and the lower part is what's manipulated. | ( خنده تماشاگران) شاید یه نفر فکر کنه که این یک منظره است و قسمت پائینی آن فقط دستکاری شده. شاید یه نفر فکر کنه که این یک منظره است و قسمت پائینی آن فقط دستکاری شده. | en-fa |
But this image is actually entirely composed of photographs from different locations. | Bet šis vaizdas iš tiesų yra visas sujungtas iš nuotraukų, darytų skirtingose vietose. | en-lt |
I personally think that it's easier to actually create a place than to find a place, because then you don't need to compromise with the ideas in your head. | Es personīgi uzskatu, ka vieglāk vietu ir radīt, nekā to atrast, jo tad jums nav jāielaižas kompromisā ar idejām jūsu galvā. | en-lv |
But it does require a lot of planning. | Pero requiere mucha planificación. | en-es |
And getting this idea during winter, I knew that I had several months to plan it, to find the different locations for the pieces of the puzzle basically. | Ve bu fikir aklıma kışın geldiğinden, planlamak ve temel olarak yap-bozun parçalarını oluşturacak farklı yerleri bulmak için birkaç ay olduğunu biliyordum. | en-tr |
So for example, the fish was captured on a fishing trip. | فعلى سبيل المثال تم تصوير السمكة في رحلة صيد | en-ar |
The shores are from a different location. | Οι όχθες είναι από άλλη τοποθεσία. | en-el |
The underwater part was captured in a stone pit. | Подводная часть была добыта в каменной яме. | en-ru |
And yeah, I even turned the house on top of the island red to make it look more Swedish. | E si, mesmo fixen vermella a casa do cumio da illa para que asemellase máis sueca. | en-gl |
So to achieve a realistic result, I think it comes down to planning. | خُب برای بدست آوردن نتیجه ای واقع بینانه، فکر کنم این به برنامه ریزی مربوط میشه. خُب برای بدست آوردن نتیجه ای واقع بینانه، فکر کنم این به برنامه ریزی مربوط میشه. | en-fa |
It always starts with a sketch, an idea. | Vždy to začína náčrtom, nápadom. | en-sk |
Then it's about combining the different photographs. | Logo hai que combinar as diferentes fotografías. | en-gl |
And here every piece is very well planned. | Och här är varje detalj välplanerad. | en-sv |
And if you do a good job capturing the photos, the result can be quite beautiful and also quite realistic. | Και αν κάνεις καλή δουλειά στην σύλληψη των φωτογραφιών το αποτέλεσμα μπορεί να είναι αρκετά όμορφο και επίσης αρκετά ρεαλιστικό. | en-el |
So all the tools are out there, and the only thing that limits us is our imagination. | Todas as ferramentas están aí, e o única cousa que nos limita é a nosa imaxinación. | en-gl |
(Interpreter voice-over) Hello, everyone. My name is Keith Nolan. | (Voz de intérprete): Olá a todos. | en-pt |
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