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They generally seemed to think, "Why would we care what's happened with the police? | “那么，为什么我们要关心发生在警察 | en-zh-cn |
We're looking at something different," and didn't seem to recognize they were looking at pretty much the same stuff. | 警察和士兵可不同。" 但是他們好像並沒有發現，事實上 他們（警察和士兵）所遇到的是一類問題。 | en-zh-tw |
So I started to investigate some of those issues, and have a look at the way police use nonlethal weapons when they're introduced, and some of the problems that might arise out of those sorts of things when they actually do introduce them. | התחלתי לחקור כמה מהנושאים האלו ולבחון כיצד המשטרה משתמשת בנשק אל-הרג כשהוא ניתן לה וכמה מהבעיות שעלולות לצוץ מדברים כאלה כשהם מוכנסים לשימוש בפועל. | en-he |
And of course, being Australian, I started looking at stuff in Australia, knowing from my own experience of various times when nonlethal weapons have been introduced in Australia. | Bien sûr, étant Australien, j'ai commencé en Australie, connaissant personnellement plusieurs époques d'introduction d'armes non létales en Australie. | en-fr |
One of the things I particularly looked at was the use of OC spray -- oleoresin capsicum spray, pepper spray -- by Australian police, and seeing what had happened when that had been introduced, and those sorts of issues. | Deci unul dintre lucrurile la care m-am uitat în mod particular a fost utilizarea spay-ului O.C., spay-ul paralizant, spray-ul oleoresin capsicum, de către poliţia australiană şi am studiat când a fost introdus, ce s-a întâmplat şi asemenea tipuri de probleme. Şi un studiu pe care l-am găsit, | en-ro |
And one study that I found, a particularly interesting one, was in Queensland, because they had a trial period for the use of pepper spray before they actually introduced it more broadly. | 我覺得有這麼 一個在昆士蘭的研究 特別有意思。 因為他們在全面推廣胡椒喷雾前 有一段適用期。 | en-zh-tw |
And I went and had a look at some of the figures here. | E dei uma olhada em alguns dos números aqui. | en-pt-br |
Now, when they introduced OC spray in Queensland, they were really explicit. | Kur ata paraqitën piper-djegësin në Queensland, ishin shumë të qartë dhe hollësishëm. Ministri i policisë dha një sërë deklaratash publike në lidhje me këtë. | en-sq |
They were saying, "This is explicitly intended to give police an option between shouting and shooting. | Ils disaient : "Ceci est clairement prévu pour donner une option à la police entre avertir et tirer. | en-fr |
This is something they can use instead of a firearm in situations where they would have previously had to shoot someone." | Cela pourra être utilisé à la place d'une arme à feu dans les situations où l'on aurait autrefois dû tirer sur quelqu'un." | en-fr |
So I looked at all of the police shooting figures. | Я изучил статистику летальных огнестрельных ранений, полученных в результате действий полиции. | en-ru |
And you can't actually find them very easily for individual Australian states; I could only find these. | และคุณหาสิ่งนี้เจอไม่ได้ง่ายๆ ในบรรดารัฐในออสเตรเลียต่างๆ ผมสามารถหามาได้แค่ฉบับเดียว | en-th |
This is from an Australian Institute of Criminology report. | Эти данные взяты из доклада Института криминологии Австралии. | en-ru |
You can see, in the fine print at the top: "Police shooting deaths" means not just people shot by police, but people who have shot themselves in the presence of police. | Aşa cum puteţi vedea din această copie, dacă puteţi citi în vârf: "Decese ca urmare a împuşcăturilor poliţiei" înseamnă nu doar oameni care au fost împuşcaţi de poliţie, dar şi oameni care s-au împuşcat în prezenţa poliţiei. | en-ro |
But these are the figures across the entire country, and the red arrow represents the point where Queensland said, "Yes, this is where we're going to give all police officers across the entire state access to OC spray." | Namun inilah gambaran di seluruh Australia. Panah merah itu mewakili saat di mana Queensland mengatakan "Inilah saat kita akan memberikan para polisi di seluruh negara ini akses pada semprotan merica." | en-id |
So you can see there were six deaths sort of leading up to it, every year for a number of years. | Así que pueden ver que fueron causadas seis muertes cada año, durante varios años. | en-es |
There was a spike a few years before, but that wasn't actually Queensland. | Tinha havido um pico, uns anos antes, mas não fora em Queensland. | en-pt |
Anyone know where that was? | Ada yang tahu di mana itu? | en-id |
Wasn't Port Arthur, no. | 維多利亞？ 對了。 | en-zh-tw |
Victoria? Yes, correct. | כן, נכון. הקפיצה הזו היתה כולה בוויקטוריה | en-he |
(Laughter) So it wasn't that Queensland had a particular problem with deaths from police shootings and so on. | Nuk është se Quenssland kishte ndonjë problem në vecanti me vdekje të shkaktuara nga policia. | en-sq |
So, six shootings across the whole country, fairly consistently over the years before. | Six morts dans tout le pays, de manière à peu près régulière au fil des ans. Les 2 années suivantes étudiées : 2001 et 2002. | en-fr |
Anyone want to take a stab at the number of times, given how they've introduced this, the number of times police in Queensland used OC spray in that period? | Ada yang ingin menebak dengan mengingat bagaimana mereka memperkenalkan hal ini berapa kali polisi di Queensland menggunakan semprotan merica saat itu? | en-id |
Hundreds? One? Three? | 一百次？三百次？ 或者更应该是一千次 | en-zh-cn |
Explicitly introduced as an alternative to the use of lethal force -- an alternative between shouting and shooting. | Được giới thiệu dứt khoát là giải pháp cho việc dùng vũ lực gây thương vong -- một sự lựa chọn giữa la hét và nổ súng. | en-vi |
I'm going to go out on a limb here and say that if Queensland police didn't have OC spray, they wouldn't have shot 2,226 people in those two years. | Nu går jag lite på lina här när jag säger att om polisen i Queensland inte hade pepparsprey, så hade de förmodligen inte skjutit 2,226 personer under dessa två år. | en-sv |
(Laughter) In fact, if you have a look at the studies they were looking at, the material they were collecting and examining, you can see the suspects were only armed in about 15 percent of cases where OC spray was used. | En fait, si on regarde les études dont ils se sont servi, les données collectées et décortiquées, on voit que les suspects n'étaient armés que dans environ 15% des cas où les bombes lacrymogènes ont été utilisées. | en-fr |
It was routinely being used in this period, and, of course, still is routinely used -- because there were no complaints about it, not within the context of this study, anyway -- it was routinely being used to deal with people who were violent, who were potentially violent, and also quite frequently used to deal with pe... | Nó thường được sử dụng trong giai đoạn này, và, dĩ nhiên, vẫn thường được sử dụng vì dù gì cũng không có ai than phiền, trong bối cảnh của nghiên cứu này. Nó thường được sử dụng để đối phó với những ai quá khích, có khuynh hướng bạo lực, và cũng thường được sử dụng để để đối phó với những ai chỉ đơn thuần bất tuân thụ ... | en-vi |
This person is not doing anything violent, but they just won't do what we want them to. | 这个人并不会去施任何暴力, 但是他们只是不去做他们（警察）想要他们去做的 | en-zh-cn |
They're not obeying the directions we're giving them, so we'll give them a shot of the OC spray -- that'll speed them up. | No obedecen las instrucciones que les damos por eso les vamos a arrojar gas pimienta. Eso hará que se apuren. | en-es |
This was something explicitly introduced to be an alternative to firearms, but it's being routinely used to deal with a whole range of other sorts of problems. | Αυτό ήταν κάτι που εισήχθηκε ρητά ως εναλλακτικό των πυροβόλων, αλλά χρησιμοποιείται συστηματικά στην αντιμετώπιση ολόκληρης σειράς άλλων ειδών προβλημάτων. | en-el |
Now one of the particular issues that comes up with military use of nonlethal weapons -- and people actually say, "There might be some problems" -- there's a couple of particular problems that get focused on. | Teraz jedna z ważnych kwestii, które się wyłaniają w związku z jej użyciem przez wojsko - niektórzy mówią: “Dobra, mogą istnieć jakieś problemy” - istnieje kilka ważnych problemów, wymagających uwagi. | en-pl |
One of those problems is: nonlethal weapons may be used indiscriminately. | 其中一個問題就是 非殺傷性武器被不加以區分地使用了。 | en-zh-tw |
One of the fundamental principles of military use of force is that you have to be discriminate; you have to be careful about who you're shooting at. | Μια από τις θεμελιώδεις αρχές της στρατιωτικής χρήσης βίας είναι ότι πρέπει να κάνεις διάκριση. Πρέπει να είσαι προσεκτικός ως προς ποιόν πυροβολείς. | en-el |
So one of the problems suggested with nonlethal weapons is that they might be used indiscriminately -- that you would use them against a whole range of people, because you don't have to worry so much anymore. | И така един от проблемите, представени във връзка с използването на несмъртоносни оръжия е, че те може да се използват безразборно -- да се използват срещу редица хора, само защото вече няма нужда да се тревожиш чак толкова. | en-bg |
And in fact, one particular instance where I think that actually happens was the Dubrovka Theater siege in Moscow in 2002, which probably a lot of you, unlike most of my students at ADFA, are old enough to remember. | Und ein bestimmtes Beispiel, bei dem das meiner Meinung nach sehr deutlich wird, war die Belagerung des Dubrovka-Theaters in Moskau 2002, und die meisten von Ihnen, im Gegensatz zu meinen Studenten der ADFA, sind wahrscheinlich alt genug, sich daran zu erinnern. Tschetschenen übernahmen die Kontrolle über das Theater. | en-de |
They were holding something like 700 people hostage. | Κρατούσαν περίπου 700 ανθρώπους ομήρους. | en-el |
They'd released a bunch of people, but they still had about 700 people hostage. | 他们已经释放了很多人， 但是他们仍旧掌握着700名人质 | en-zh-cn |
And the Russian military police special forces, "Spetsnaz," came in and stormed the theater. | แล้วสารวัตรทหารพิเศษของรัสเซีย, กองกำลังพิเศษ, สเปตนาซ เข้ามา แล้วทำการจู่โจมโรงละคร | en-th |
The way they did it was to pump the whole thing full of anesthetic gas. | Y para eso cubrieron el teatro con gas anestésico. | en-es |
And it turned out that lots of the hostages died as a result of inhaling the gas. | Und es stellte sich heraus, dass viele der Geiseln daran starben, weil sie das Gas einatmeten. | en-de |
It was used indiscriminately. | Χρησιμοποιήθηκε αδιακρίτως. | en-el |
They pumped the whole theater full of the gas. | De fyllde hela teatern med gasen. | en-sv |
And it's no surprise that people died, because you don't know how much gas each person is going to inhale, what position they'll fall in when they become unconscious, and so on. | 他們把這個劇院灌滿了麻醉氣體。 你不知道每個人會吸入多少氣體， 你不知道每個人會吸入多少氣體， 當他們失去意識時，會以什麼姿勢倒地，等等。 當他們失去意識時，會以什麼姿勢倒地，等等。 | en-zh-tw |
There were, in fact, only a couple of people who got shot in this episode. | Il y a eu, en réalité, seulement quelques personnes tuées par armes à feu dans ce cas. | en-fr |
So when they had a look at it afterward, there were only a couple of people who'd apparently been shot, by the hostage takers or by the police forces trying to deal with the situation. | כשהם בחנו את זה לאחר מכן, היו רק כמה אנשים שכנראה נורו על ידי השובים או נורו על ידי כוחות המשטרה כשאלה נכנסו וניסו להתמודד עם המצב. | en-he |
Virtually everybody that got killed got killed from inhaling the gas. | Praktikisht të gjithë ata që gjetë vdekjen ishte për shkak të thithjes së gazit. | en-sq |
The final toll of hostages is a little unclear, but it's certainly a few more than that, because other people died over the next few days. | Le nombre total de morts est plutôt incertain, mais c'est certainement un peu plus que ça, parce d'autres personnes sont mortes dans les jours qui ont suivi. | en-fr |
So this was one problem they talked about, that it might be used indiscriminately. | 이 사건은 무기의 무분별한 사용의일례지요. | en-ko |
A second problem people sometimes talk about with military use of nonlethal weapons -- and it's actually why, in the chemical weapons convention, it's very clear that you can't use riot-control agents as weapons of warfare -- is that it's seen that sometimes nonlethal weapons might be used not as an alternative to leth... | Втория проблем, за който се говори понякога във връзка с използването на несмъртоносни оръжия от армията и е причината, поради която от конвенцията за химическите оръжия, е ясно, че не може да се използват средства за борба с масови безредици като оръжие за водене на война. Проблемът в това е, че несмъртоносните оръжия... | en-bg |
The people you'll be shooting at won't be able to get out of the way. | Orang-orang yang akan Anda tembak tidak akan dapat menghindar. | en-id |
They won't be aware of what's happening, and you can kill them better. | Те няма да бъдат наясно какво се случва и можеш да ги убиеш по-лесно. | en-bg |
And that's exactly what happened here. | 实际上，这正是现在所发生的 | en-zh-cn |
The hostage takers who had been rendered unconscious by the gas were not taken into custody; they were simply shot in the head. | החוטפים שאיבדו את ההכרה עקב הגז לא נלקחו למעצר, אלא פשוט נורו בראשם. | en-he |
So this nonlethal weapon was being used in this case as a lethal force multiplier, to make killing more effective in this particular situation. | И така, това несмъртоносно оръжие било използвано, всъщност, за да увеличи ефективността на смъртоносната сила и да направи убиването по-успешно в този определен случай. | en-bg |
Another problem I want to quickly mention is that there's a whole heap of problems with the way people are actually taught to use nonlethal weapons, and get trained about them and then tested and so on. | 我还想很快地提及另外一个问题 这儿有一堆的问题 人们实际上被教会 使用非致命武器 被训练并且试验等等 因为他们在一个安全的环境下被测试 | en-zh-cn |
Because they're tested in nice, safe environments, and are taught to use them in nice, safe environments -- like this, where you can see exactly what's going on. | Porque são testadas em ambientes agradáveis, seguros. As pessoas são ensinadas em ambientes agradáveis, seguros, como este, onde podem ver exatamente o que se passa. | en-pt |
The person spraying the OC spray is wearing a rubber glove to make sure they don't get contaminated, and so on. | Човекът, който използва лютивия спрей, носи гумена ръкавица, за да е сигурен, че няма да се замърси и прочие. Но несмъртоносните оръжия не се използват така в реалния живот. | en-bg |
But they're never used like that. | Dans le monde réel, comme ici au Texas, | en-fr |
They're used out in the real world, like in Texas, like this: ["Police Taser Great-Grandmother During Traffic Stop"] I confess, this particular case was one that piqued my interest in this. | São usadas no mundo real como no Texas, assim. Confesso que este caso especial foi o que despertou o meu interesse. | en-pt |
It happened while I was working as a research fellow at the US Naval Academy. | Het gebeurde terwijl ik als onderzoeker bij de US Naval Academy werkte. Nieuwsberichten kwamen binnen over deze situatie | en-nl |
News reports started coming up about this situation, where this woman was arguing with a police officer. | שבו האישה הזו התווכחה עם השוטר. | en-he |
She wasn't violent. | Sie war nicht gewalttätig. | en-de |
In fact, he was probably six inches taller than me, and she was about this tall. | ที่จริง เขาน่าจะสูงกว่าผมประมาณหกนิ้ว และเธอสูงแค่เท่านี้ | en-th |
And eventually she said to him, "Well, I'm going to get back in my car." | Şi în final ea i-a spus lui "Ei bine, am să mă întorc în maşina mea." | en-ro |
And he says, "If you get back in your car, I'm going to tase you." | فقال"لو عدت الى سيارتك فسوف اصعقك" فقالت" حسنا افعلها واصعقني | en-ar |
And she says, "Oh, go ahead. Tase me." And so he does. | Me dê um choque." E assim ele fez. E tudo foi filmado pela câmera de vídeo | en-pt-br |
And it's all captured by the video camera running in the front of the police car. | zeichnete alles auf. | en-de |
So, she's 72. | Então, ela tem 72 anos, | en-pt-br |
And it's seen that this is the most appropriate way of dealing with her. | und es sieht aus, als wäre dies die angemessenste Art, mit ihr umzugehen. | en-de |
And there are other examples of the same sorts of things, where you think, "Is this really an appropriate way to use nonlethal weapons?" | Outros exemplos do mesmo tipo de coisas com outras pessoas, em que pensamos: "Isto será uma forma adequada de usar armas não letais?" | en-pt |
"Police Chief Fires Taser into 14 year old Girl's Head." | “警察局長朝14歲女孩的頭部使用電擊槍。” “她逃跑了，我別無選擇” | en-zh-tw |
"She was running away. What else was I suppose to do?" | (צחוק) | en-he |
(Laughter) Or Florida: "Police Taser 6-year-old Boy at Elementary School." | Ou en Floride : "La police tire au taser sur un garçon de 6 ans à l'école primaire." | en-fr |
And they clearly learned a lot from it, because in the same district: "Police Review Policy After Children Shocked: 2nd Child Shocked by Taser Stun Gun Within Weeks." | Evidentemente aprendieron mucho con esto porque, en el mismo distrito, "La policía revisa la norma tras usar arma paralizante con un niño: segundo niño víctima de arma paralizante en pocas semanas". | en-es |
Same police district. | Cảnh sát cùng quận đó. | en-vi |
Another child within weeks of Tasering the six-year-old boy. | Een ander kind binnen enkele weken na het taseren van de zes jaar oude jongen. | en-nl |
Just in case you think it's only going to happen in the United States, it happened in Canada as well: ["Mounties Zap 11-year-old Boy"] And a colleague sent me this one from London: ["Arrested Man, 82, Shot with Taser"] But my personal favorite, I have to confess, does come from the US: "Officers Taser 86-year-old Disab... | Falls Sie jetzt denken, das gibt's nur in den USA, in Kanada passiert es auch. [Folie: Mounties tasern 11-jährigen Jungen] Und ein Kollege schickte dies aus London. [Folie: Inhaftierter, 82, mit Taser beschossen] Doch mein persönlicher Favorit, muss ich gestehen, kommt aus den USA: "Beamte tasern behinderte 86-jährige ... | en-de |
(Laughter) I checked the reports on this one. | Ik keek de verslagen ervan na. Ik was echt verrast. | en-nl |
Apparently, she took up a more threatening position in her bed. | Parece que ela assumiu uma posição na cama mais ameaçadora. | en-pt |
(Laughter) I kid you not, that's exactly what it said: "She took up a more threatening position in her bed." | (Risas) No bromeo, dice exactamente eso: "Adoptó una posición amenazante en su lecho". Bueno. | en-es |
But I'd remind you -- I'm talking about military uses of nonlethal weapons, so why is this relevant? | 전 지금 군에 의한 비살상 무기의 사용에 대해 이야기하고 있지요. 그런데 왜 이 이야기가 관련이 있을까요? | en-ko |
Because police are actually more restrained in the use of force than the military are. | Eftersom polisen faktiskt är mer återhållsam med användningen av våld än vad militären är. De tränas att vara mer återhållsamma med våldet än militären. | en-sv |
They're trained to be more restrained in the use of force than the military are. | Wyszkolona jest, by więcej myśleć, próbować i hamować. | en-pl |
They're trained to think more, to try and De-escalate. | Έτσι αν έχετε αυτά τα προβλήματα με αστυνομικούς με μη-φονικά όπλα, | en-el |
So if you have these problems with police officers with nonlethal weapons, what on earth would make you think it's going to be better with military personnel? | 군인이 사용하면 더 낳을 것이라고 기대할 근거는 전혀없지요. | en-ko |
The last thing that I would like to say: When I'm talking to the police about what a perfect nonlethal weapon would look like, they almost inevitably say the same thing. | Последнее, что хотелось бы сказать — когда бы я ни говорил с сотрудниками полиции о том, каким должно быть идеальное оружие несмертельного действия, почти всегда мне говорят примерно одно и тоже. Мне говорят. | en-ru |
They say, "It's got to be something that's nasty enough that people don't want to be hit with this weapon. | ώστε οι άνθρωποι να μη θέλουν να χτυπηθούν από αυτό το όπλο. Έτσι αν απειλήσεις με τη χρήση του, | en-el |
So if you threaten to use it, people are going to comply with it. | kommer folk att foga sig, | en-sv |
But it's also going to be something that doesn't leave any lasting effects." | όμως θα είναι επίσης κάτι το οποίο δεν αφήνει μόνιμα αποτελέσματα.» | en-el |
In other words, your perfect nonlethal weapon is something that's perfect for abuse. | 也就是说，你的完美的非致命武器 是完美的用来虐待 | en-zh-cn |
What would these guys have done if they'd had access to Tasers, or to a manned, portable version of the Active Denial System -- a small heat ray that you can use on people and not worry about. | 想像一下，當這些人擁有點擊槍或者一個可以操控的，便携版的主动拒止系统 當這些人擁有電擊槍或者一個便携版的主动拒止系统 （主动拒止系统-能讓你使用毫米波電磁的非殺傷技術，而你卻不需要擔心後果） （主动拒止系统-能讓你使用毫米波電磁的非殺傷技術，而你卻不需要擔心後果） （主动拒止系统-能讓你使用毫米波電磁的非殺傷技術，而你卻不需要擔心後果） 他們會做出什麼呢。 | en-zh-tw |
So I think yes, there may be ways that nonlethal weapons will be great in these situations, but there's also a whole heap of problems that need to be considered as well. | 저는 그래서 비살상 무기가 적절하게 사용될 수 있는 상황들이 많이 있겠지만 그들의 사용에 딸린 많은 문제점들도 깊이 생각해야 한다고 생각합니다. | en-ko |
Both myself and my brother belong to the under 30 demographic, which Pat said makes 70 percent, but according to our statistics it makes 60 percent of the region's population. | Én és a fivérem a 30 éven aluliak korosztályába tartozunk, ami Pat szerint 70 százalék, a mi statisztikánk szerint viszont a térség lakosságának 60 százaléka. | en-hu |
Qatar is no exception to the region. | قطر ليست استثناء في المنطقة. | en-ar |
It's a very young nation led by young people. | Gençler tarafından yönetilen çok genç bir ülke. | en-tr |
We have been reminiscing about the latest technologies and the iPods, and for me the abaya, my traditional dress that I'm wearing today. | 저희들은 최신 기술, iPod, 그리고 제가 지금 입고있는 우리의 전통 의복인 아바야에 대해 회상하고 있었지요. | en-ko |
Now this is not a religious garment, nor is it a religious statement. | 現在它不是宗教的服裝， 也不是一項宗教的宣言。 | en-zh-tw |
Instead, it's a diverse cultural statement that we choose to wear. | Buna karşın, o, bizim onu giymeyi seçmemizle ilgili kültürel bir olgu. | en-tr |
Now I remember a few years ago, a journalist asked Dr. Sheikha, who's sitting here, president of Qatar University -- who, by the way, is a woman -- he asked her whether she thought the abaya hindered or infringed her freedom in any way. | Ich erinnere mich an ein Ereignis vor ein paar Jahren. Ein Journalist fragte Dr. Sheikha, die dort sitzt, sie ist die Präsidentin der Universität von Qatar – und nebenbei bemerkt eine Frau – er fragte sie, ob sie das Gefühl hat, die Abaya hindere oder beeinträchtige ihre Freiheit auf irgendeine Weise. | en-de |
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