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Now before that mixture hits the patient's lungs, it's going to pass by here -- you can't see it, but there's an oxygen sensor here -- that's going to read out on this screen the percentage of oxygen being delivered.
Luego de mezclarlo, va a los pulmones del paciente pasando por aquí; no lo pueden ver, pero hay un oxímetro aquí que mostrará en esta pantalla el porcentaje de oxígeno dado.
en-es
Now if you don't have power, or, God forbid, the power cuts out in the middle of a surgery, this machine transitions automatically, without even having to touch it, to drawing in room air from this inlet.
Si vous n'avez pas d'électricité, ou s'il y a une coupure de courant au milieu de l'opération, cette machine fait la transition automatiquement, sans qu'on ait besoin de la toucher, pour tirer l'air de la pièce depuis cette entrée.
en-fr
Everything else is the same.
Minden más ugyanaz.
en-hu
The only difference is that now you're only working with 21 percent oxygen.
Tek fark artık sadece yüzde 21 oksijen ile çalışıyorsunuz.
en-tr
Now that used to be a dangerous guessing game, because you only knew if you gave too little oxygen once something bad happened.
給気はかつてはあてずっぽうで危険でした なぜなら何かが悪化するまで 酸素が足りなかったことが 分からなかったのです
en-ja
This is the only part that's battery backed up.
這是唯一有備用電池的部分 麻醉師可以藉此掌控情況
en-zh-tw
But this gives control to the provider, whether there's power or not, because they can adjust the flows based on the percentage of oxygen they see that they're giving the patient.
είτε υπάρχει ρεύμα είτε όχι, γιατί μπορεί να ρυθμίσει τη ροή βάσει του ποσοστού του οξυγόνου που βλέπει να δίνεται στον ασθενή.
en-el
In both cases, whether you have power or not, sometimes the patient needs help breathing.
Em ambos os casos, caso se tenha electricidade ou não, por vezes, o paciente necessita de ajuda a respirar.
en-pt
It's just a reality of anesthesia, the lungs can be paralyzed.
Es una realidad de la anestesia. Los pulmones pueden paralizarse.
en-es
And so we've just added this manual bellows.
Por isso acrescentamos este fole manual.
en-pt-br
We've seen surgeries for three or four hours to ventilate the patient on this.
Hastalara bununla oksijen verdiğimiz üç-dört saatlik ameliyatlar yaptık.
en-tr
So it's a straightforward machine.
بدیت ترتیب این یک ماشین ساده ایست.
en-fa
I shudder to say simple; it's straightforward.
Merem állítani; hogy ez egy különösen hasznos gép.
en-hu
And it's by design.
Dan karena rancangannya
en-id
You do not need to be a highly trained, specialized anesthesiologist to use this machine, which is good because, in these rural district hospitals, you're not going to get that level of training.
És nem kell hogy egy magasan képzett profi aneszteziológus legyen ahhoz, hogy használni tudja, ami azért jó, mert az ilyen vidéki kórházakban, nem kap az ember ilyen fokú képesítést.
en-hu
It's also designed for the environment that it will be used in.
Inoltre è concepita per gli ambienti in cui verrà adoperata.
en-it
This is an incredibly rugged machine.
To je nevjerojatno moćan stroj.
en-hr
It has to stand up to the heat and the wear and tear that happens in hospitals in these rural districts.
Он переживёт и жару, и эрозию, и износ, которые встречаются в больницах этих сельских местностей.
en-ru
And so it's not going to break very easily, but if it does, virtually every piece in this machine can be swapped out and replaced with a hex wrench and a screwdriver.
也不容易出故障 但是如果出了故障，几乎每一个零件 都可以用个六角扳手和螺丝刀 卸下来换个新的
en-zh-cn
And finally, it's affordable.
最後に値段は手頃な設定です
en-ja
This machine comes in at an eighth of the cost of the conventional machine that I showed you earlier.
osminu cijene uobičajnog stroja koji sam vam pokazala ranije.
en-hr
So in other words, what we have here is a machine that can enable surgery and save lives, because it was designed for its environment, just like the first machine I showed you.
Más szóval, amit itt láthatunk egy gép, ami lehetővé teszi a műtéteket, életeket tud menteni, mert ilyen környezethez lett tervezve, csakúgy mint az első gép amit mutattam Önöknek. De itt még ne álljunk meg.
en-hu
But we're not content to stop there.
Apakah mesin ini dapat bekerja?
en-id
Is this the design that's going to work in place?
Това ли е дизайнът, който наистина работи на практика?
en-bg
Well, we've seen good results so far.
Am văzut rezultate bune până acum.
en-ro
This is in 13 hospitals in four countries, and since 2010, we've done well over 2,000 surgeries with no clinically adverse events.
Включени са 13 болници в 4 държави и от 2010 досега сме извършили успешно повече от 2,000 операции без неблагоприятни клинични последици. Така че, сме развълнувани.
en-bg
So we're thrilled.
이것은 정말 만연해 있는 문제에 대한
en-ko
This really seems like a cost-effective, scalable solution to a problem that's really pervasive.
لمشكلة كانت متفشية حقا.
en-ar
But we still want to be sure that this is the most effective and safe device that we can be putting into hospitals.
但我們仍然想確定 它是最有效 最安全的設備 完全適合放在醫院裡 因此我們發起了幾個合作計畫
en-zh-tw
So to do that, we've launched a number of partnerships with NGOs and universities, to gather data on the user interface, on the types of surgeries it's appropriate for, and ways we can enhance the device itself.
עם ארגונים חוץ ממשלתיים ואוניברסיטאות כדי לאסוף מידע על ממשק המשתמש, על סוגי הניתוחים שהיא מתאימה להם ודרכים בהן אנחנו יכולים לשפר את המכשיר עצמו. אחת השותפויות האלה
en-he
One of those partnerships is with Johns Hopkins just here in Baltimore.
mit dem Johns-Hopkins-Krankenhaus hier in Baltimore.
en-de
They have a really cool anesthesia simulation lab out in Baltimore.
그들은 볼티모어에 훌륭한 마취 시뮬레이션 연구실을 갖추고 있습니다.
en-ko
So we're taking this machine and recreating some of the operating theater crises that this machine might face in one of the hospitals that it's intended for, and in a contained, safe environment, evaluating its effectiveness.
Zabraliśmy więc tam maszynę i odtwarzamy niektóre kryzysowe sytuacje, które mogą pojawić się na sali operacyjnej szpitala, dla którego jest przeznaczona i w kontrolowanym, bezpiecznym środowisku testujemy jej skuteczność.
en-pl
We're then able to compare the results from that study with real-world experience, because we're putting two of these in hospitals that Johns Hopkins works with in Sierra Leone, including the hospital where that emergency C-section happened.
この研究の結果を実際の経験と 比較することができました ジョンズ・ホプキンスがシエラレオネで 共同研究する病院や 先程の帝王切開をした 病院に2台の麻酔器を置いているからです
en-ja
So I've talked a lot about anesthesia, and I tend to do that.
Ik heb veel gesproken over anesthesie, mijn stokpaardje.
en-nl
I think it is incredibly fascinating and an important component of health.
Tôi nghĩ nó thực sự tuyệt vời và là một phần quan trọng trong chăm sóc sức khỏe.
en-vi
And it really seems peripheral, we never think about it, until we don't have access to it, and then it becomes a gatekeeper.
Πράγματι μοιάζει ασήμαντη, δεν τη σκεφτήκαμε ποτέ, μέχρι να μην έχουμε πρόσβαση σ'αυτή. και τότε γίνεται ο πορτιέρης.
en-el
Who gets surgery and who doesn't?
Кто перенёс операцию, а кто нет?
en-ru
Who gets safe surgery and who doesn't?
Ποιος θα εγχειριστεί με ασφάλεια και ποιος όχι;
en-el
But you know, it's just one of so many ways that design, appropriate design, can have an impact on health outcomes.
Ama bilirsiniz, tasarımın, uygun tasarımın sağlık sektöründe sonuç vermesi birçok yönden sadece bir tanesi.
en-tr
If more people in the health-delivery space really working on some of these challenges in low-income countries could start their design process, their solution search, from outside of that proverbial box and inside of the hospital -- In other words, if we could design for the environment that exists in so many parts of...
Nếu càng có nhiều người trong lĩnh vực chăm sóc sức khỏe mà đang phải làm việc với những thách thức như thế này ở những đất nước có thu nhập thấp có thể tự mình bắt tay vào thiết kế, thì việc tìm kiếm giải pháp từ bên ngoài cách suy nghĩ thông thường và đi từ thực tế bệnh viện -- hay nói cách khác, nếu chúng ta có thể ...
en-vi
Because I usually take the role of trying to explain to people how wonderful the new technologies that are coming along are going to be, and I thought that, since I was among friends here, I would tell you what I really think and try to look back and try to understand what is really going on here with these amazing jum...
제가 사람들에게 이제 다가올 새로운 기술들이 얼마나 아름다울지 설명하는 역할을 주로 맡고 있고, 제가 생각하기로는, 제가 여기 중 한사람이기에 제가 정말로 생각하는 것을 말하고 여기에 지금 무엇이 일어나는지에 대해 돌아보고 이해해 보도록 합시다. 너무 빨라서 우리가 완전히 이해할 수 없을 정도의 엄청나고 놀라운 기술의 발전에 대해서 말이죠.
en-ko
So I'm going to start out by showing just one very boring technology slide.
لذلك سأبدأ بعرض شريحة تقنية مملة واحدة فقط.
en-ar
And then, so if you can just turn on the slide that's on.
Als je de dia even wilt laten zien...
en-nl
This is just a random slide that I picked out of my file.
Este é só um slide ao acaso que retirei de meu arquivo.
en-pt-br
What I want to show you is not so much the details of the slide, but the general form of it.
Ik wil jullie niet zozeer de details van de dia laten zien, maar de algehele vorm ervan.
en-nl
This happens to be a slide of some analysis that we were doing about the power of RISC microprocessors versus the power of local area networks.
Aceasta prezentare se refera la o analiza facuta despre puterea microprocesoarelor RISC contra puterii retelelor locale.
en-ro
And the interesting thing about it is that this slide, like so many technology slides that we're used to, is a sort of a straight line on a semi-log curve.
Si ce este interesant la prezentare este ca aceasta, ca multe altele de felul ei cu care suntem obisnuiti, este o linie dreapta intr-un grafic semilogaritmic.
en-ro
In other words, every step here represents an order of magnitude in performance scale.
Por outras palavras, cada passo aqui representa uma ordem de grandeza numa escala de desempenho.
en-pt
And this is a new thing that we talk about technology on semi-log curves.
그리고 세미로그 곡선상에서 기술을 말하는것은 새로운 것입니다.
en-ko
Something really weird is going on here.
משהו ממש מוזר קורה כאן.
en-he
And that's basically what I'm going to be talking about.
وهذا بالضبط ما سأقوم بالحديث عنه.
en-ar
So, if you could bring up the lights.
Не могли бы вы посветить здесь,
en-ru
If you could bring up the lights higher, because I'm just going to use a piece of paper here.
请把灯开亮点， 因为我要用张纸。
en-zh-cn
Now why do we draw technology curves in semi-log curves?
Porque é que desenhamos curvas tecnológicas em curvas semi-log?
en-pt
Well the answer is, if I drew it on a normal curve where, let's say, this is years, this is time of some sort, and this is whatever measure of the technology that I'm trying to graph, the graphs look sort of silly.
嗯，答案是，如果我用普通曲線畫， 我們說，這是年份， 這是某個時間， 這是我準備畫的 科技的某種測量值， 這圖看起來有點傻。
en-zh-tw
They sort of go like this.
Ongeveer zoiets...
en-nl
And they don't tell us much.
E não nos dizem muito.
en-pt-br
Now if I graph, for instance, some other technology, say transportation technology, on a semi-log curve, it would look very stupid, it would look like a flat line.
그리고 제가 다른 기술을, 예를 들어, 교통 기술 그래프를 세미로그 곡선으로 그린다면 정말 바보같이 보일겁니다, 일직선 으로 말이죠
en-ko
But when something like this happens, things are qualitatively changing.
Aber wenn so etwas wie hier passiert, dann ändert dies die qualitativen Umstände.
en-de
So if transportation technology was moving along as fast as microprocessor technology, then the day after tomorrow, I would be able to get in a taxi cab and be in Tokyo in 30 seconds.
Αν, λοιπόν, η τεχνολογία μεταφορών κινούταν τόσο γρήγορα όσο και η τεχνολογία μικροεπεξεργαστών, τότε μεθαύριο, θα μπορούσα να μπω σε ένα ταξί και να είμαι στο Τόκυο σε 30 δευτερόλεπτα.
en-el
It's not moving like that.
Това не се случва така.
en-bg
And there's nothing precedented in the history of technology development of this kind of self-feeding growth where you go by orders of magnitude every few years.
在科技發展歷史中 也沒有任何 這種自給自足， 每幾年程度翻倍增長的先例。
en-zh-tw
Now the question that I'd like to ask is, if you look at these exponential curves, they don't go on forever.
Die Frage die ich euch nun stellen möchte ist, wenn man sich diese exponentiellen Kurven anschaut, sieht man, sie gehen nicht für immer weiter.
en-de
Things just can't possibly keep changing as fast as they are.
事物不可能一直 改变得那么快。
en-zh-cn
One of two things is going to happen.
Accadrà una di queste due cose.
en-it
Either it's going to turn into a sort of classical S-curve like this, until something totally different comes along, or maybe it's going to do this.
何か完全に違うことが起こるまでの間 このような標準的なS型曲線に落ち着くか もしくはこうなるか
en-ja
That's about all it can do.
هذا تقريبا كل ما يمكنها القيام به.
en-ar
Now I'm an optimist, so I sort of think it's probably going to do something like that.
Hiện giờ, tôi đang lạc quan, vì vậy, tôi nghĩ rằng nó có thể đi theo cách này.
en-vi
If so, that means that what we're in the middle of right now is a transition.
إذا كان هذا صحيحاً، فهذا يعني أن ما نحن في وسطه الآن هو مرحلة انتقالية.
en-ar
We're sort of on this line in a transition from the way the world used to be to some new way that the world is.
Suntem pe aceasta linie in tranzitia dintre cum era lumea si noua ei forma.
en-ro
And so what I'm trying to ask, what I've been asking myself, is what's this new way that the world is?
لذا السؤال الذي أحاول طرحه، الذي كنت أطرحه على نفسي، هو ما هو هذا الأسلوب الجديد الذي عليه العالم؟
en-ar
What's that new state that the world is heading toward?
Trạng thái mới mà thế giới đang hướng tới là gì?
en-vi
Because the transition seems very, very confusing when we're right in the middle of it.
משום שהמעבר נראה מאד, מאד מבלבל כאשר אנחנו מצויים באמצעיתו.
en-he
Now when I was a kid growing up, the future was kind of the year 2000, and people used to talk about what would happen in the year 2000.
Когда я был ребёнком, для меня будущее было 2000-м годом и люди говорили о том, что произойдёт в 2000-м году.
en-ru
Now here's a conference in which people talk about the future, and you notice that the future is still at about the year 2000.
Сега се състои конференция, на която хората говорят за бъдещето, и забелязвате, че бъдещето е все още около 2000-та година.
en-bg
It's about as far as we go out.
Dat is zover als we kijken.
en-nl
So in other words, the future has kind of been shrinking one year per year for my whole lifetime.
つまり "未来"はいわば縮小していると言えます 毎年一年ずつ、 私の生涯通じてです
en-ja
Now I think that the reason is because we all feel that something's happening there.
Penso che la ragione sia perché tutti abbiamo la sensazione che qualcosa sta accadendo.
en-it
That transition is happening. We can all sense it.
Die transitie is gaande. We kunnen het allemaal voelen.
en-nl
And we know that it just doesn't make too much sense to think out 30, 50 years because everything's going to be so different that a simple extrapolation of what we're doing just doesn't make any sense at all.
Podemos sentirlo. Y sabemos que no tiene mucho sentido pensar a 30 o 50 años porque todo será tan diferente que extrapolar lo que estamos haciendo hoy no tiene ningún sentido.
en-es
So what I would like to talk about is what that could be, what that transition could be that we're going through.
כך שמה שהייתי רוצה לדבר עליו הוא מה שזה יוכל להיות, מה יהיה השינוי שאנחנו עומדים לעבור.
en-he
Now in order to do that I'm going to have to talk about a bunch of stuff that really has nothing to do with technology and computers.
За да мога да направя това, ще ми се наложи да говоря за много неща, които нямат нищо общо с технология или компютри.
en-bg
Because I think the only way to understand this is to really step back and take a long time scale look at things.
Porque penso que a única forma de entender isto é realmente retroceder e olhar as coisas numa escala longa de tempo.
en-pt-br
So the time scale that I would like to look at this on is the time scale of life on Earth.
Buna yeryüzündeki yaşamın zaman ölçeğinden bakmak istiyorum.
en-tr
So I think this picture makes sense if you look at it a few billion years at a time.
Ich glaube das Gesamtbild ergibt Sinn, wenn man es in einige Milliarden-Schritte unterteilt.
en-de
So if you go back about two and a half billion years, the Earth was this big, sterile hunk of rock with a lot of chemicals floating around on it.
2,5 миллиарда лет назад Земля была вот такой величины, стерильный булыжник с большим количеством химических элементов вокруг него.
en-ru
And if you look at the way that the chemicals got organized, we begin to get a pretty good idea of how they do it.
Se guardate al modo in cui gli elementi chimici si sono organizzati, cominciamo a farci un'idea abbastanza buona di come fanno.
en-it
And I think that there's theories that are beginning to understand about how it started with RNA, but I'm going to tell a sort of simple story of it, which is that, at that time, there were little drops of oil floating around with all kinds of different recipes of chemicals in them.
我想有些理论是从理解 生命怎样从核糖核酸演变开始， 但是我想讲一个生命的简单故事， 就是，在那个时候， 有一滴滴的油四处浮动， 里面有各种不同化学成分组合。
en-zh-cn
And some of those drops of oil had a particular combination of chemicals in them which caused them to incorporate chemicals from the outside and grow the drops of oil.
Algunas de esas gotas de aceite contenían una combinación particular de químicos que les hicieron incorporar materiales del el exterior y así las gotas crecieron
en-es
And those that were like that started to split and divide.
И тези, които имали тези свойства, започнали да се разделят и умножават.
en-bg
And those were the most primitive forms of cells in a sense, those little drops of oil.
Si acelea au fost cele mai primitive celule intr-un fel, acele picaturi de ulei.
en-ro
But now those drops of oil weren't really alive, as we say it now, because every one of them was a little random recipe of chemicals.
Mas aquelas gotas de óleo não estavam realmente vivas, como descrevemos vida agora, porque cada uma delas era uma pequena receita errática de químicos.
en-pt-br
And every time it divided, they got sort of unequal division of the chemicals within them.
Elke keer dat ze zich splitsten kreeg je een ongelijke verdeling van chemicaliën binnen hen.
en-nl
And so every drop was a little bit different.
És így minden csepp egy kicsit különbözött a másiktól.
en-hu
In fact, the drops that were different in a way that caused them to be better at incorporating chemicals around them, grew more and incorporated more chemicals and divided more.
사실 그런 기름 방울들은 화학물질들을 분리해내고 더 좋은 상태로 만들고, 더 커지고 더 많은 화학물질들을 분리하고, 또 더 나누어진다는 점에서 모두가 서로 다릅니다.
en-ko
So those tended to live longer, get expressed more.
Diese neigten also dazu, länger zu überleben und sie vermehrten sich in grösserem Ausmass.
en-de
Now that's sort of just a very simple chemical form of life, but when things got interesting was when these drops learned a trick about abstraction.
Artık bunlar bir nevi çok basit bir hayat formudur. Fakat bu damlacıklar soyutlama ile ilgili bir hile öğrendiğinde işler ilginçleşmeye başladı.
en-tr
Somehow by ways that we don't quite understand, these little drops learned to write down information.
De alguna forma que no entendemos muy bien estas gotitas aprendieron a almacenar información.
en-es
They learned to record the information that was the recipe of the cell onto a particular kind of chemical called DNA.
它們學會把 細胞形成的秘訣 記錄到一種特殊物質上， 叫做去氧核糖核酸。
en-zh-tw