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And Friday night we're trying to decide between risky sex or happiness."
(เสียงหัวเราะ)
en-th
(Laughter) I said, "That's most people's Friday nights."
ผมพูดว่า "นั่นแหละ คืนวันศุกร์ของคนส่วนมาก"
en-th
(Laughter) (Applause) Which I'm glad you liked, but they did not like that at all.
(ضحك) (تصفيق) وأنا سعيد انكم أحببتوه لكنهم لا يحبونه على الاطلاق
en-ar
Silence on the phone.
Klusums tālrunī.
en-lv
And into the silence, I said, "I'd be happy to speak at your school, but that's not a wellness week, that's a sickness week.
为了打破沉默,我说“我很乐意在贵校做演讲, 但是你们也知道,这其实不是健康周,而是疾病周
en-zh-cn
You've outlined all the negative things that can happen, but not talked about the positive."
"Destacaram tudo o que pode acontecer de negativo "mas não falaram no positivo."
en-pt
The absence of disease is not health.
Өвчингүй гэдэг нь эрүүл гэсэн үг биш.
en-mn
Here's how we get to health: We need to reverse the formula for happiness and success.
ჯანმრთელობას კი აი ასე მივაღწევთ: ბედნიერებისა და წარმატების ფორმულა უნდა გადავანაცვლოთ.
en-ka
In the last three years, I've traveled to 45 countries, working with schools and companies in the midst of an economic downturn.
Gennem de sidste tre år har jeg rejst til 45 forskellige lande og arbejdet med skoler og virksomheder midt under en økonomisk tilbagegang.
en-da
And I found that most companies and schools follow a formula for success, which is this: If I work harder, I'll be more successful.
Миний анзаарсан нэг зүйл бол тэд бүгд амжилтын дүрмээ тодорхойлохдоо "Би шаргуу ажиллаж байж амжилтад хүрнэ.
en-mn
That undergirds most of our parenting and managing styles, the way that we motivate our behavior.
Iso apoia a maior parte do noso comportamento como pais, o noso estilo de dirección e a forma en que nos comportamos. E o problema é que está cientificamente quebrado e patas arriba por dous motivos.
en-gl
And the problem is it's scientifically broken and backwards for two reasons.
Erstens wird jedes Mal, wenn das Gehirn einen Erfolg verzeichnet,
en-de
Every time your brain has a success, you just changed the goalpost of what success looked like.
Primeiro, sempre que o cérebro tem um êxito, muda-se o objectivo do êxito.
en-pt
You got good grades, now you have to get better grades, you got into a good school and after you get into a better one, you got a good job, now you have to get a better job, you hit your sales target, we're going to change it.
Wenn man in eine gute Schule kam, muss man nun in eine bessere Schule kommen. Man hat einen guten Job, nun braucht man einen besseren Job. Das Verkaufsziel wurde erreicht, dann wird eben das Verkaufsziel verändert. Und wenn Glück das Gegenteil von Erfolg ist, dann kommt das Gehirn nie dort an.
en-de
And if happiness is on the opposite side of success, your brain never gets there.
Ako spoločnosť tlačíme šťastie po kognitívnom horizonte.
en-sk
We've pushed happiness over the cognitive horizon, as a society.
それは私たちが「成功したら幸せになれる」
en-ja
And that's because we think we have to be successful, then we'll be happier.
دلیلش اینه که فکر می کنیم ابتدا باید موفق باشیم تا بعدش خوشبخت تر بشیم. اما مشکل اصلی اینه که مغز ما در جهت عکس عمل می کند. اگر شما قادر باشید میزان مثبت گرایی یک فرد را در حال حاضر افزایش دهید،
en-fa
If you can raise somebody's level of positivity in the present, then their brain experiences what we now call a happiness advantage, which is your brain at positive performs significantly better than at negative, neutral or stressed.
creierul lor trăiește ceea ce am numit avantajul fericirii, înseamnă că evoluează mult mai bine decât când e pesimist, neutru sau stresat. Inteligența, creativitatea și nivelul de energie cresc.
en-ro
Your intelligence rises, your creativity rises, your energy levels rise.
Faktanya, kami telah menemukan
en-id
In fact, we've found that every single business outcome improves.
que todos os resultados em negócios melhoram. Um cérebro no positivo é 31% mais produtivo
en-pt-br
Your brain at positive is 31% more productive than your brain at negative, neutral or stressed.
qu'en mode négatif, neutre ou stressé. On améliore les ventes de 37 %.
en-fr
Doctors are 19 percent faster, more accurate at coming up with the correct diagnosis when positive instead of negative, neutral or stressed.
Лікарі на 19 відсотків спритніше ставлять точний діагноз, коли вони позитивно налаштовані, ніж тоді, коли вони негативно налаштовані, байдужі або напружені. Тобто нам треба поміняти початок і кінець формули місцями.
en-uk
Which means we can reverse the formula.
Το οποίο σημαίνει ότι μπορούμε να αντιστρέψουμε τη φόρμουλα.
en-el
If we can find a way of becoming positive in the present, then our brains work even more successfully as we're able to work harder, faster and more intelligently.
alors nos cerveaux réussiront encore mieux, car nous pourrons travailler plus dur, plus vite, et plus intelligemment.
en-fr
We need to be able to reverse this formula so we can start to see what our brains are actually capable of.
Oque temos que ser capaces de facer é revertir esta fórmula para que poidamos comezar a ver de que son capaces os nosos cerebros,
en-gl
Because dopamine, which floods into your system when you're positive, has two functions.
Want dopamine, dat je systeem binnenstroomt als je positief bent, heeft twee functies. Het maakt je niet alleen blijer,
en-nl
Not only does it make you happier, it turns on all of the learning centers in your brain allowing you to adapt to the world in a different way.
તે મગજનાં શીખવાનાં બધાં જ કેન્દ્રને પણ સતેજ કરે છે. અને તે રીતે તમને દુનિયાને જૂદી જૂદી રીતે સ્વિકારવામાટે પણ તૈયાર કરે છે. અમે એ પણ નોંધ્યું છે કે મગજને વધારે સકરાત્મક બનવાનું શીખવવા માટે
en-gu
We've found there are ways that you can train your brain to be able to become more positive.
आम्हाला आढळलं तुम्ही तुमच्या मेंदूला शिकवण्याचे मार्ग आहेत अधिक सकारात्मक होण्यासाठी.
en-mr
In just a two-minute span of time done for 21 days in a row, we can actually rewire your brain, allowing your brain to actually work more optimistically and more successfully.
realment podem reprogramar el cervell, permetent-li de treballar de manera més optimista i amb més èxit. Hem fet tot aquesta recerca
en-ca
We've done these things in research now in every company that I've worked with, getting them to write down three new things that they're grateful for for 21 days in a row, three new things each day.
We deden deze dingen tijdens het onderzoek in ieder bedrijf waarmee ik gewerkt heb, door ze 21 dagen lang, dagelijks drie nieuwe dingen te laten opschrijven waarvoor ze dankbaar zijn. Aan het eind begint hun brein een patroon vast te houden
en-nl
And at the end of that, their brain starts to retain a pattern of scanning the world not for the negative, but for the positive first.
de observar o mundo não pelo negativo mas pelo positivo. Fazer um diário sobre uma experiência positiva nas últimas 24 horas
en-pt
Journaling about one positive experience you've had over the past 24 hours allows your brain to relive it.
permet à votre cerveau de la revivre. L'exercice apprend à votre cerveau que votre attitude compte. Nous avons découvert que la méditation permet à votre cerveau
en-fr
Exercise teaches your brain that your behavior matters.
که برADHD فرهنگی (اختلال بیش فعالی با کمبود توجه)غالب بشه،
en-fa
We find that meditation allows your brain to get over the cultural ADHD that we've been creating by trying to do multiple tasks at once and allows our brains to focus on the task at hand.
indem wir uns mehreren Aufgaben gleichzeitig widmen, und dass sie dem Gehirn ermöglicht, ganz bei der Sache zu sein. Und letztlich sind willkürliche Freundlichkeiten bewusste Freundlichkeiten.
en-de
And finally, random acts of kindness are conscious acts of kindness.
有些人一打開電子信箱 就會寫一封充滿正面話語的電子信
en-zh-tw
We get people, when they open up their inbox, to write one positive email praising or thanking somebody in their support network.
칭찬을 하거나 감사를 표하는 긍정적 메일을 하나 보내도록 합니다. 이런 활동들을 통해, 마치 우리가 몸을 단련하는 것처럼, 이렇게 두뇌를 단련시킴으로서
en-ko
And by doing these activities and by training your brain just like we train our bodies, what we've found is we can reverse the formula for happiness and success, and in doing so, not only create ripples of positivity, but a real revolution.
dokážeme zmeniť vzorec šťastia a úspechu, a pritom vytvoriť nielen vlny pozitivity, ale vytvoriť skutočnú revolúciu. Ďakujem veľmi pekne. (Potlesk)
en-sk
I'm going to talk to you today about the design of medical technology for low-resource settings.
Днес ще ви разкажа за проекта на медицинска технология, която се нуждае от малко ресурси.
en-bg
I study health systems in these countries.
Tôi đã nghiên cứu về hệ thống y tế ở những đất nước này. Và một trong những thiếu sót lớn trong việc chăm sóc sức khỏe,
en-vi
And one of the major gaps in care, almost across the board, is access to safe surgery.
在很多国家都存在的 是安全手术通道 我们发现的一个影响手术进行
en-zh-cn
Now one of the major bottlenecks that we've found that's sort of preventing both the access in the first place, and the safety of those surgeries that do happen, is anesthesia.
Jedno od većih uskih grla koje smo pronašli i koje na neki način isprva onemogućava pristup i bezbednost operacija koje se dešavaju je anestezija.
en-sr
And actually, it's the model that we expect to work for delivering anesthesia in these environments.
Và thực sự, đây là mô hình mà chúng tôi mong đợi thực hiện để tiến hành gây mê phẫu thuật cho bệnh nhân ở những hoàn cảnh này.
en-vi
Here, we have a scene that you would find in any operating room across the US, or any other developed country.
Questa è una scena ricorrente in una qualsiasi sala operatoria statunitense o di altri paesi sviluppati. Laggiù in fondo vediamo
en-it
In the background there is a very sophisticated anesthesia machine.
je sofisticirani stroj za anesteziju.
en-hr
And this machine is able to enable surgery and save lives because it was designed with this environment in mind.
Und dieses Gerät kann Operationen ermöglichen und Leben retten, weil es speziell für diese Umgebung entwickelt wurde.
en-de
In order to operate, this machine needs a number of things that this hospital has to offer.
Per funzionare, il macchinario necessita di una serie di fattori che questo ospedale riesce ad offrire.
en-it
It needs an extremely well-trained anesthesiologist with years of training with complex machines to help her monitor the flows of the gas and keep her patients safe and anesthetized throughout the surgery.
Sie benötigt einen besonders gut ausgebildeten Anästhesisten, der jahrelange Übung mit komplexen Maschinen hat, damit der Fluss des Narkosegases überwacht wird und die Patienten während der Operation sicher und narkotisiert sind.
en-de
It's a delicate machine running on computer algorithms, and it needs special care, TLC, to keep it up and running, and it's going to break pretty easily.
Освен че работи с компютърни алгоритми, деликатната апаратура се нуждае от специални грижи, TLC, които да я поддържат в изправно състояние, и без които би се повредила.
en-bg
And when it does, it needs a team of biomedical engineers who understand its complexities, can fix it, can source the parts and keep it saving lives.
E quando isso acontece, ela necessita de uma equipe de engenheiros biomédicos que entendam suas complexidades, possam consertá-la, possam trocar peças e mantê-la salvando vidas.
en-pt-br
It's a pretty expensive machine.
Этот аппарат достаточно дорогой.
en-ru
It needs a hospital whose budget can allow it to support one machine costing upwards of 50 or $100,000.
Necesita un hospital cuyo presupuesto permita comprarla y mantenerla a un costo de hasta 50 000 o 100 000 dólares.
en-es
And perhaps most obviously, but also most importantly -- and the path to concepts that we've heard about kind of illustrates this -- it needs infrastructure that can supply an uninterrupted source of electricity, of compressed oxygen, and other medical supplies that are so critical to the functioning of this machine.
Dan mungkin yang paling jelas, mungkin yang paling penting -- dan jalur dari konsep yang telah kita dengar seperti menggambarkan hal ini -- mesin ini memerlukan prasarana yang dapat memasok listrik dan oksigen bertekanan dan pasokan medis lainnya tanpa gangguan yang sangat penting bagi mesin ini untuk dapat berfungsi.
en-id
In other words, this machine requires a lot of stuff that this hospital cannot offer.
In altre parole, il macchinario ha bisogno di molte cose che quest'ospedale non è in grado d'offrire. Questa è la fornitura di energia elettrica
en-it
This is the electrical supply for a hospital in rural Malawi.
Ovo je snabdevanje strujom za bolnicu u zabačenom delu Malavija.
en-sr
In this hospital, there is one person qualified to deliver anesthesia, and she's qualified because she has 12, maybe 18 months of training in anesthesia.
בבית החולים הזה, יש אשה אחת עם הכשרה לתת הרדמה, והיא מוסמכת מפני שיש לה 12, אולי 18 חודשים של הכשרה בהרדמה.
en-he
In the hospital and in the entire region there's not a single biomedical engineer.
No hospital e na região inteira não há um único engenheiro biomédico. Ou seja, quando a máquina avaria,
en-pt
So when this machine breaks, the machines that they have to work with break, they've got to try and figure it out, but most of the time, that's the end of the road.
çalıştırmaları gereken bu makine bozulduğunda denemek ve çözüm bulmak zorundalar ama çoğu zaman bu son nokta oluyor. Bu makineler meşhur hurda deposuna gidiyor.
en-tr
Those machines go the proverbial junkyard.
E o preço da máquina que mencionei
en-pt
And the price tag of the machine that I mentioned could represent maybe a quarter or a third of the annual operating budget for this hospital.
pourrait représenter peut-être un quart ou un tiers du budget annuel de fonctionnement de cet hôpital.
en-fr
And finally, I think you can see that infrastructure is not very strong.
I konačno, mislim da možete vidjeti da infrastruktura nije vrlo jaka.
en-hr
This hospital is connected to a very weak power grid, one that goes down frequently.
Cet hôpital est connecté à une alimentation électrique très fragile, qui a souvent des coupures.
en-fr
So it runs frequently, the entire hospital, just on a generator.
Het hele ziekenhuis draait vaak op één enkele generator.
en-nl
And you can imagine, the generator breaks down or runs out of fuel.
Ve jeneratörün bozulacağı ya da yakıtının biteceği aklınıza gelebilir.
en-tr
And the World Bank sees this and estimates that a hospital in this setting in a low-income country can expect up to 18 power outages per month.
E o Banco Mundial vê isto e estima que um hospital neste cenário, num país de rendimentos reduzidos pode esperar até 18 apagões por mês.
en-pt
Similarly, compressed oxygen and other medical supplies are really a luxury, and can often be out of stock for months or even a year.
마찬가지로 압축 산소와 같은 의료 물품들은 너무나 귀하여 몇 달, 혹은 일 년 씩 바닥나기 일쑤입니다.
en-ko
So it seems crazy, but the model that we have right now is taking those machines that were designed for that first environment that I showed you and donating or selling them to hospitals in this environment.
Λοιπόν, μοιάζει τρελό, αλλά το μοντέλο που τώρα έχουμε παίρνει αυτά τα μηχανήματα που σχεδιάστηκαν για το περιβάλλον που έδειξα πρώτα και τα δωρίζει ή τα πουλάει σε νοσοκομεία σ'αυτό το περιβάλλον.
en-el
It's not just inappropriate, it becomes really unsafe.
To nie tylko niewłaściwe, ale naprawdę niebezpieczne.
en-pl
One of our partners at Johns Hopkins was observing surgeries in Sierra Leone about a year ago.
Один из наших партнёров из университета Джона Хопкинса наблюдал операции в Сьерра Лионе около года назад.
en-ru
And the first surgery of the day happened to be an obstetrical case.
La primera cirugía del día resultó ser un caso de obstetricia.
en-es
A woman came in, she needed an emergency C-section to save her life and the life of her baby.
امرأة حضرت، وتحتاج لعملية قيصرية طارئة لسلامة حياتها وحياة طفلها.
en-ar
And everything began pretty auspiciously.
و همه چیز بخوبی و میمنت شروع شد.
en-fa
The surgeon was on call and scrubbed in.
Ο χειρούργος εκλήθη και προετοιμάστηκε, Η νοσοκόμα ήταν εκεί.
en-el
She was able to anesthetize her quickly, and it was important because of the emergency nature of the situation.
Cô ấy có thể tiến hành gây mê nhanh cho sản phụ, điều này quan trọng vì đây là điều cơ bản của các ca cấp cứu.
en-vi
And everything began well until the power went out.
И всичко започнало добре, докато не спрял тока.
en-bg
And now in the middle of this surgery, the surgeon is racing against the clock to finish his case, which he can do -- he's got a headlamp.
والآن في منتصف الجراحة كان الجراح يسابق الساعة لإنهاء حالته، وهو ما يمكنه فعله -- كان لديه مصباح الرأس. لكن الممرضة حرفيا
en-ar
But the nurse is literally running around a darkened operating theater trying to find anything she can use to anesthetize her patient, to keep her patient asleep.
in einem stockdunklen Operationssaal herumrennen, um irgendetwas für die Narkose ihrer Patientin zu finden, damit die Patientin weiterschläft. Denn die Maschine funktioniert nicht, wenn es keinen Strom gibt.
en-de
This routine surgery that many of you have probably experienced, and others are probably the product of, has now become a tragedy.
Và bây giờ, ca phẫu thuật sản khoa này mà nhiều người trong số các bạn có thể đã trải qua, và cũng như với những ca phẫu thuật khác, đã trở thành thảm họa.
en-vi
And what's so frustrating is this is not a singular event; this happens across the developing world.
Et ce qui est tellement frustrant, c'est que ce n'est pas un cas unique ; ça se produit dans tout le monde en développement.
en-fr
35 million surgeries are attempted every year without safe anesthesia.
35 juta operasi dilakukan setiap tahunnya tanpa pembiusan yang aman. Rekan saya, Dr. Paul Fenton,
en-id
My colleague, Dr. Paul Fenton, was living this reality.
estava vivendo esta realidade.
en-pt-br
He was the chief of anesthesiology in a hospital in Malawi, a teaching hospital.
Był szefem anestezjologii w klinice w Malawi.
en-pl
He went to work every day in an operating theater like this one, trying to deliver anesthesia and teach others how to do so using that same equipment that became so unreliable, and frankly unsafe, in his hospital.
Hằng ngày anh làm việc trong một phòng phẫu thuật như thế này, anh cố gắng thực hiện gây mê cho bệnh nhân và giảng dạy cho những sinh viên khác cách thực hiện gây mê cũng sử dụng thiết bị đó -- thứ mà càng ngày lại càng không đáng tin cậy và thực sự không an toàn, ở bệnh viện nơi anh làm việc.
en-vi
And after umpteen surgeries and, you can imagine, really unspeakable tragedy, he just said, "That's it. I'm done. That's enough.
و پس از چندین و چند عمل جراحی و می تونید تصور کنید، فاجعه های واقعا" غیر قابل بیان، آخرش گفت،" تموم شد. بسمه. کافیه.
en-fa
There has to be something better."
何かもっといい方法があるはずだ」
en-ja
He took a walk down the hall to where they threw all those machines that had just crapped out on them, I think that's the scientific term, and he started tinkering.
εκεί όπου πετούσαν όλα αυτά τα μηχανήματα που "τους πούλησαν" -- αυτό είναι νομίζω ο επιστημονικός όρος -- κι άρχισε να ψαχουλεύει. Πήρε ένα ανταλλακτικό από δω κι ένα από κει,
en-el
He took one part from here and another from there, and he tried to come up with a machine that would work in the reality that he was facing.
и се опитвал да направи машина, която да работи в условията, които са налице. И това, което измислил
en-bg
And what he came up with: was this guy.
범용 마취 기계의 원형입니다,
en-ko
The prototype for the Universal Anesthesia Machine -- a machine that would work and anesthetize his patients no matter the circumstances that his hospital had to offer.
una macchina in grado di funzionare e anestetizzare pazienti in qualsiasi situazione si trovi l'ospedale.
en-it
Here it is, back at home at that same hospital, developed a little further, 12 years later, working on patients from pediatrics to geriatrics.
这还是在那家医院 12年后 有了改进 适用于各个年龄的病人
en-zh-cn
Let me show you a little bit about how this machine works.
עכשיו תנו לי להראות לכם מעט על איך המכונה הזו עובדת.
en-he
Voila!
Voilà! Aquí está.
en-es
Here she is.
Atunci când ai electricitate,
en-ro
When you have electricity, everything in this machine begins in the base.
電源がある場合には全ての 動作は下の方から開始されます
en-ja
There's a built-in oxygen concentrator down there.
در اونجا یک متمرکز کنندۀ اکسیژن جاسازی شده.
en-fa
Now you've heard me mention oxygen a few times at this point.
Vocês me ouviram mencionar oxigênio algumas vezes até agora.
en-pt-br
Essentially, to deliver anesthesia, you want as pure oxygen as possible, because eventually you're going to dilute it, essentially, with the gas.
În principiu, pentru a administra anestezia, ai nevoie de oxigen cât mai pur cu putinţă, pentru că mai târziu îl vei dilua cu gazul.
en-ro
And the mixture that the patient inhales needs to be at least a certain percentage oxygen or else it can become dangerous.
E la miscela che il paziente inala deve necessariamente contenere una certa percentuale di ossigeno altrimenti diventa pericolosa.
en-it
But so in here when there's electricity, the oxygen concentrator takes in room air.
Portanto, quando há eletricidade, o concentrador de oxigênio capta o ar da sala.
en-pt-br
Now we know room air is gloriously free, it is abundant, and it's already 21 percent oxygen.
Şimdi odadaki havanın tamamen bedava olduğunu biliyoruz, çokça bulunuyor ve halihazırda yüzde 21 oksijen.
en-tr
So all this concentrator does is take that room air in, filter it and send 95 percent pure oxygen up and across here, where it mixes with the anesthetic agent.
Deze concentrator neemt kamerlucht op, filtert ze en geeft dan hier 95 procent zuivere zuurstof af die gemengd wordt met het anestheticum.
en-nl