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And this, I think, is very, very significant, particularly at this stage of life you're at. | これは極めて有意義なことだと思います 特に皆さんのライフステージではそうです | en-ja |
You'll be aware of the fact how much of you changed over recent years. | Bạn sẽ nhận thức được sự thật bạn đã thay đổi bao nhiêu trong những năm gần đây | en-vi |
If you have any videos of yourself, three or four years ago, you probably feel embarrassed because you don't recognize yourself. | Αν έχετε δικά σας βίντεο από πριν τρία ή τέσσερα χρόνια, μάλλον νιώθετε αμήχανα γιατί δεν αναγνωρίζετε τον εαυτό σας. | en-el |
So I want to get that message over, that what we need to do is think about ourselves as things that we can shape, and channel and change. | Bu yüzden kendimizi şekillendirebileceğimiz, kanalize edip değiştirebileceğimiz bir şey olarak görmemiz gerektiği mesajını iletmek istiyorum. | en-tr |
This is the Buddha, again: "Well-makers lead the water, fletchers bend the arrow, carpenters bend a log of wood, wise people fashion themselves." | Hier nochmal Buddha: "Brunnenbauer leiten das Wasser, Pfeilmacher spannen den Pfeil, Tischler biegen das Stück Holz, weise Menschen formen sich selbst." | en-de |
And that's the idea I want to leave you with, that your true self is not something that you will have to go searching for, as a mystery, and maybe never ever find. | S tom vas idejom želim ostaviti da vaša prava osobnost nije nešto za čim treba tragati, kao za misterijem i možda nikada ni ne pronaći. | en-hr |
To the extent you have a true self, it's something that you in part discover, but in part create. | 即便存在真实的自己， 你也需要一边发掘， 一边创造。 | en-zh-cn |
and that, I think, is a liberating and exciting prospect. | Iar această perspectivă e eliberatoare și interesantă. | en-ro |
So what I'm doing is a thought experiment. | Ich mache jetzt ein Gedankenexperiment. | en-de |
Now you may know of or have read this book by this guy. | حال شاید شما کتاب این فرد را خوانده یا در مورد آن شنیده باشید. | en-fa |
It's probably the first and maybe the only bestseller ever written about economics. | 這可能是暢銷書中 第一次也是唯一一次出現 關於經濟的書。 | en-zh-tw |
And you probably know a bit about what it says. | Et vous en savez probablement un peu sur ce qu'il dit. | en-fr |
It talks about how nations all over the world will prosper through the individual pursuit of individual profit. | Descrive come le nazioni di tutto il mondo prospereranno attraverso la ricerca individuale del profitto personale. | en-it |
Individual profit will be the mechanism for the prosperity of the world. | Le profit individuel sera le mécanisme pour la prospérité du monde. | en-fr |
But the funny thing about Adam Smith is that he was a stay-at-home kind of guy. | اما نکته جالب در مورد آدام اسمیت این است که او اهل خانه نشینی بود. | en-fa |
He actually never went further from Edinburgh than France and Switzerland. | فهو لم يبتعد عن (أدنبره) أكثر من (فرنسا) و(سويسرا). | en-ar |
So my thought experiment is to imagine what would have happened if Adam Smith had visited Africa. | In meinem Gedankenexperiment stellen wir uns vor, was passiert wäre, wenn Adam Smith Afrika besucht hätte. | en-de |
And fortunately, there's actually an easy answer, because the Arab lawyer and traveler Ibn Battuta traveled down the east coast of Africa in the 14th century, and what he found when he got to Mogadishu was a market, and he wrote about it. | Zum Glück ist das einfach zu beantworten, weil der arabische Anwalt und Reisende Ibn Battuta im 14. Jahrhundert die Ostküste Afrikas entlang reiste. Als er nach Mogadischu kam, fand er einen Markt und schrieb darüber. | en-de |
And basically, merchant ships came to the harbor, and they weren't even allowed to land. | و اساساً، کشتیهای بازرگانی به بندر میآمدند، ولی حتی مجاز به خروج از کشتی نبودند. | en-fa |
They had to drop anchor in the harbor, and boats came out to them, and locals picked them and said, "You are my guest, I am now your broker." | Ils devaient jeter l'ancre dans le port, et les autochtones s'approchaient en bateau en leur disant : « Vous êtes mon invité, et maintenant je suis votre courtier. | en-fr |
And they had to do business through the local broker, and if they went around that and didn't do business through the broker, they could go to court, and the deal would be canceled, and they would be thrown out of town. | そして彼らは地元の仲介人を通して ビジネスをしなければなりませんでした もしそれを避け 仲介人を通して ビジネスをしないならば 裁きを受けるかも知れませんし 取引はキャンセルとなり 街から追放されたことでしょう | en-ja |
And through this mechanism, everyone prospered. | Et à travers ce mécanisme, tout le monde prospérait. | en-fr |
And so if that was Adam Smith, he might look like this guy and say, "Ah! That's a mutual aid society. | ولو كان ذلك هو (آدم سميث) لبدا مثل هذا الرجل وقال: " آه، هذا مجتمع تعاوني. | en-ar |
That's a share-the-wealth free market." | 那是個財富共享的自由市場。」 | en-zh-tw |
And when I put this question to Christian [Benimana], who had the stage at the beginning of this session, he responded that if Adam Smith had come to Africa, there would have been a sharing economy long before Airbnb and Uber. | Ve ben bu soruyu bu oturumun başında sunum yapan Christian'a (Benimana) yönelttim. O da; "Eğer adam Adam Smith Afrika'ya gelseydi, Airbnb ve Uber'den çok daha önce bir paylaşım ekonomisi oluşurdu." | en-tr |
And that's true. | І це - правда. | en-uk |
So if we put this to work today, it would be very interesting. | لو حاولنا تطبيق ذلك اليوم، لكانت النتيجة مثيرة للاهتمام. | en-ar |
There would be a lot of money flowing into the countries. | پول زیادی به کشورها سرازیر میشود. | en-fa |
These are just figures of 10 percent of exports in these countries. | 這些數字只是這些國家出口的 10%。 | en-zh-tw |
So the interesting thing is that this mutual aid economy still exists, and we can find examples of it in the strangest places. | Il fatto interessante è che l'economia di sostegno reciproco esiste ancora, e ne abbiamo trovato esempi nei posti più disparati. | en-it |
So, this is Alaba International Market. | Das ist der Internationale Markt in Alaba. | en-de |
It's the largest electronics market in West Africa. | 它是西非最大的電子產品市場。 | en-zh-tw |
It's 10,000 merchants, they do about four billion dollars of turnover every year. | Il y a 10 000 marchands, qui font environ 4 milliards de dollars de chiffre d'affaires par an. | en-fr |
And they say they are ardent apostles of Adam Smith: competition is great, we're all in it individually, government doesn't help us. | Sie sagen, sie seien glühende Apostel von Adam Smith: Wettbewerb ist großartig, jeder von uns macht es allein, die Regierung hilft uns nicht. | en-de |
But the interesting reality is that when I asked further, that's not what grew the market at all. | Mas a realidade instigante é que, quando continuei a perguntar, não foi aquilo que fez o mercado crescer. | en-pt-br |
There's a behind-the-scenes principle that enables this market to grow. | Es gibt ein Prinzip hinter den Kulissen das diesen Markt befähigt zu wachsen. | en-de |
And they do claim -- you know, this is an interesting juxtaposition of the King James Bible and "How To Sell Yourself." | 彼らは主張します「いいかい これは ジェイムズ王の欽定訳聖書と 『なぜ、この話し方だと成功するのか』 を並べたみたいに興味深いんだ」と | en-ja |
That's what they say is their message. | آنچه آنها می گویند همان پیامشان است. | en-fa |
But in reality, this market is governed by a sharing principle. | اما در واقعیت، اصل مشترکی بر این بازار حکمفرماست. | en-fa |
Every merchant, when you ask them, "How did you get started in global trade?" | Quando perguntei a qualquer comerciante: "Como você começou no comércio global? | en-pt-br |
they say, "Well, when my master settled me." | میگوید، «خب، استادم من را وارد کرد.» | en-fa |
And when I finally got it into my head to ask, "What is this 'settling?'" it turns out that when you've done your apprenticeship with someone you work for, they are required -- required -- to set you up in business. | E quando finalmente tive a coragem de perguntar: "O que é essa acomodação? ", descobri que quando você finaliza seu aprendizado com alguém para quem trabalhou, é exigido dessa pessoa que ela te prepare para os negócios. | en-pt-br |
That means paying your rent for two or three years and giving you a cash infusion so you can go out in the world and start trading. | ويعني ذلك دفع إيجارك لعامين أو ثلاثة ومنحك سيولة مالية حتى تتمكن من بدء تجارتك. | en-ar |
That's locally generated venture capital. Right? | این سرمایه گذاری خطر پذیر بومی سازی شده است.صحیح؟ | en-fa |
And I can say with almost certainty that the Igbo apprenticeship system that governs Alaba International Market is the largest business incubator platform in the world. | Et je suis quasiment certain que le système d'apprentissage Igbo qui gouverne le Marché International d'Alaba est la plus grande plateforme d'incubation au monde. | en-fr |
And there are other sharing economies that we look for -- merry-go-rounds, which are found in almost every shantytown. | 我們還尋找其他共享經濟—— 幾乎在每個貧民區 都可以看到「旋轉木馬」。 | en-zh-tw |
They have different names in other cultures; this is the Kenyan name. | Farklı kültürlerde başka adlarla anılıyorlar. | en-tr |
It's a way of generating cash. | 現金調達の手段です | en-ja |
It's a kitty -- people throw money into a pot once a week, and once a week, one member of the group gets the money, and they can spend it on whatever they need to. | 人们每周丢一次钱到盆里， 每周，社区中有一个人 可以拿到这笔钱， 可以把这钱花在任何他想花的地方。 | en-zh-cn |
And there's also something called "acequias," and that is a Spanish word, but it comes from the North African Arabic; "saqiya" means "water wheel." | '아세키아스'라는 것도 있습니다. 단어는 스페인어지만, 이것은 북아프리카 아랍어에서 온 것입니다. "사키야"는 "물레바퀴"를 뜻하죠. | en-ko |
And what the acequia is is a sharing system for scarce water. | یک سیستم اشتراک برای کمبود آب است. | en-fa |
It's migrated from North Africa to Spain, and from Spain to the west of the United States, where it still is used. | که از شمال آفریقا به اسپانیا آمده و از اسپانیا به غرب ایالات متحده آنجا هنوز استفاده میشود. | en-fa |
And it shares water by need rather than by who was there first. | Ela divide a água por necessidade em vez de ser por quem chegou primeiro. | en-pt-br |
And contrary, with all due respect, to what Llew [Claasen] said when he talked about blockchains and cryptocurrencies yesterday, there is no tragedy of the commons. | E oposto ao que Llew Claasen disse, com todo o respeito, quando ele falou sobre blockchains e criptomoedas ontem, não há tragédia dos bens comuns. | en-pt-br |
People in acequias have been commonly managing scarce water resources for hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of years. | فالناس في الساقية كانوا يتشاركون مصادر المياه المحدودة لمئات السنين. | en-ar |
So taking this thought experiment, I wanted to go a little bit further and suggest that these things are managed communally, and they are taking care of scarce capital, scarce cash and scarce resources. | Quindi partendo da questo esperimento mentale vorrei fare un passo avanti e suggerire che queste cose sono gestite a livello comunitario, e le persone si prendono cura di penuria di capitale, di denaro e scarsità di risorse. | en-it |
And it seems to me that we have actually two kinds of capitalism. | Parece-me que existem dois tipos de capitalismo. | en-pt-br |
We have the capitalism of the top up. | 우리는 최고의 자본주의를 가지고 있습니다. | en-ko |
And these are really interesting statistics, because three one-thousandths of one percent of the Nigerian population controls wealth equal to one-fourth of the GDP of the country. | Estas son estadísticas realmente interesantes, porque tres milésimas del 1 % de la población nigeriana controla una riqueza igual a una cuarta parte del PIB del país. | en-es |
One one-hundredth of one percent of the Kenyan population controls wealth equal to 75 percent of the GDP of the country. | ケニアの人口の１％の100分の１は 国のGDPの75％にあたる 富を支配しています | en-ja |
That's the capitalism of top up. | Bu; "tepenin en üstü" dediğim kapitalizm. | en-tr |
And everyone else is with this guy, selling board games and bodybuilding equipment in a go-slow on the highway in Lagos. | Und allen anderen geht es wie ihm hier, der Brettspiele und Bodybuilding-Ausrüstung in einem Stau auf der Autobahn in Lagos verkauft. | en-de |
And when you're selling board games and bodybuilding equipment in a go-slow, that traffic jam is really, really, really bad, right? | E quando vendete giochi da tavolo e attrezzature da palestra in un tale traffico caotico, è difficile, non vi pare? | en-it |
Those of us in this sphere of the economy are caught in what I call "the capitalism of decay," because there's no way to rise up and get out of it, because they're lacking the resources that we talked about in those sharing economies. | 在这种经济环境中的人 陷入了我称之为 “腐朽资本主义”的环境中， 因为没有办法站起来摆脱它， 因为他们缺少了我们所谈论的 那些共享经济中的资源。 | en-zh-cn |
And they're tripped up by the thesis of cassava and capitalism, that cassava has to be processed in order not to be poisonous, and I would argue that, similarly, the market economy needs to be processed in order to be fair to everyone. | E elas são enganadas pela tese da mandioca e do capitalismo: a mandioca tem de ser processada para não ser venenosa, e eu diria que, igualmente, a economia de mercado precisa ser processada para ser justa a todos. | en-pt-br |
So we have to look at what I call the "bottom down economy." | Tenemos que mirar lo que llamo la "economía de abajo hacia abajo". | en-es |
These are these sharing models that exist out there that need to be propagated and used and scaled. | Diese Modelle des Teilens, die da draußen existieren, die man propagieren und im großen Maßstab verwenden muss. | en-de |
And if we propagate these things, we can begin to bring infrastructure to everyone, and that will ensure that communities are leading their own development, which is, I believe, what we need in the world, and, I would suggest, what we need in Africa. | これらの仕組みが広がれば 全ての人にインフラを 提供できるようになり それにより確実に 地域社会が それぞれ自力で 発展していくでしょう 私は それこそが世界に 必要なことであり とりわけ アフリカに必要なことだと 申しあげたいのです | en-ja |
I wanted to quote Steve Biko, and I thought it was really important to quote Steve Biko, because next month, September 12 to be exact, is the 40th anniversary of his murder by the South African state. | أردت أن أقتبس من (ستيف بيكو)، وظننت أنه من الهام أن أقتبس من (ستيف بيكو)، لأنه في الشهر القادم، في يوم 12 سبتمبر على وجه التحديد، ستكون الذكرى ال40 لقتله من قبل دولة جنوب أفريقيا. | en-ar |
And you can read the quote. | 你可以读到那句引言。 | en-zh-cn |
He basically said that we're not here to compete. | Er sagte im Grunde, dass wir nicht hier sind, um zu konkurrieren. | en-de |
And I love this quote: "... to make us a community of brothers and sisters jointly involved in the quest for a composite answer to the varied problems of life." | 次の部分がとても気に入っています 「...我々を 人生の様々な問題に対する 複合的な解決策を探求するために 一緒に関わる仲間たちからなる 共同体にするためだ」 | en-ja |
And he also said that "the great powers of the world have done wonders in giving us an industrial and military look, ..." | E ele também disse: "Os grandes poderes do mundo fizeram maravilhas em nos dar um olhar industrial e militar, ..." | en-pt-br |
and we don't have to copy that military-industrialist complex, because Africa can do things differently and restore the humanity of the world. | 我々はそんな軍産複合体を まねする必要なんてありません なぜならアフリカは違う方法をとって 世界に人間性を取り戻せるからです | en-ja |
And so what I want to suggest here is that we have an opportunity, that we are all here in the mutual landscape to be able to do things, and that the journey starts now. | Ce que je veux donc suggérer ici, c'est que nous avons une opportunité, que nous sommes tous ici dans le paysage commun de pouvoir faire des choses, et que le voyage commence maintenant. | en-fr |
It is actually a reality today that you can download products from the Web -- product data, I should say, from the Web -- perhaps tweak it and personalize it to your own preference or your own taste, and have that information sent to a desktop machine that will fabricate it for you on the spot. | Hoy es una realidad: se pueden descargar productos de la Web -datos de productos, diría, desde la Web- quizá los personalizamos según nuestros gustos y preferencias y enviamos esa información a una máquina de escritorio que lo fabricará en el acto. | en-es |
We can actually build for you, very rapidly, a physical object. | Biz gerçekten sizin için çok hızlıca bir fiziksel nesne üretebiliriz. | en-tr |
And the reason we can do this is through an emerging technology called additive manufacturing, or 3D printing. | こんなことができるのは 積層造形技術― もしくは3Dプリントという 新技術のおかげです | en-ja |
This is a 3D printer. | To drukarka 3D. | en-pl |
They have been around for almost 30 years now, which is quite amazing to think of, but they're only just starting to filter into the public arena. | ظلت موجودة لقرابة الثلاثين عام, وهذا الامر يثير الدهشة بمجرد التفكير فيه ولكنها مجرد بداية فقط لتصفيتها في الساحة العامة. | en-ar |
And typically, you would take data, like the data of a pen here, which would be a geometric representation of that product in 3D, and we would pass that data with material into a machine. | Tipikusan, vesszük az adatokat, mint pl. itt egy toll adatait, ami a termék 3-dimenziós geometriai reprezentációja, és átküldjük az anyaggal együtt egy gép számára. | en-hu |
And a process that would happen in the machine would mean layer by layer that product would be built. | Y mediante un proceso que ocurre en la máquina se construye el producto capa por capa. | en-es |
And we can take out the physical product, and ready to use, or to, perhaps, assemble into something else. | 當我們把實體的產品拿出來 就可以直接使用 或是把它組裝成其他東西 | en-zh-tw |
But if these machines have been around for almost 30 years, why don't we know about them? | Dacă aceste aparate există de mai bine de 30 de ani, de ce nu am auzit de ele? | en-ro |
Because typically they've been too inefficient, inaccessible, they've not been fast enough, they've been quite expensive. | Azért, mert tipikusan nagyon gazdaságtalanok voltak, elérhetetlenek, nem voltak eléggé gyorsak, és nagyon drágák voltak. | en-hu |
But today, it is becoming a reality that they are now becoming successful. | Tegenwoordig echter beginnen ze werkelijk succesvol te worden. | en-nl |
Many barriers are breaking down. | Veel barrières vallen weg. | en-nl |
That means that you guys will soon be able to access one of these machines, if not this minute. | 今すぐとは言わなくても 皆さんも近い将来には 3Dプリンタが使えるようになるんです | en-ja |
And it will change and disrupt the landscape of manufacturing, and most certainly our lives, our businesses and the lives of our children. | Iar asta va modifica și transforma procesul de producție și în mod sigur viețile noastre, afacerile noastre și viețile copiilor noștri. | en-ro |
It typically reads CAD data, which is a product design data created on professional product design programs. | Обикновено използва CAD файлове, това са данни за продуктов дизайн, създадени с професионален софтуер за дизайн. | en-bg |
And here you can see an engineer -- it could be an architect or it could be a professional product designer -- create a product in 3D. | Ve siz burada bir mühendisin -- bu bir mimar veya profesyonel ürün tasarımcısı da olabilir -- bir ürünü 3 boyutlu olarak hazırladığını görebilirsiniz. | en-tr |
And this data gets sent to a machine that slices the data into two-dimensional representations of that product all the way through -- almost like slicing it like salami. | 這個資料輸送到一個機器 將數據“切片” 把這個產品進行整體的 二維分解 就像切香腸一樣 | en-zh-tw |
And that data, layer by layer, gets passed through the machine, starting at the base of the product and depositing material, layer upon layer, infusing the new layer of materials to the old layer in an additive process. | והנתונים האלה, שכבה אחר שכבה, מועברים למכונה, מבסיס המוצר והחומר מוזרק, שכבה על שכבה, שכבה חדשה של חומר מתמזגת עם שכבה קיימת בתהליך של הוספה. | en-he |
And this material that's deposited either starts as a liquid form or a material powder form. | وهذه المواد المرسوبة اما بدأت كسائل او مواد على شكل مسحوق | en-ar |
And the bonding process can happen by either melting and depositing or depositing then melting. | Het versmeltingsproces kan gebeuren door smelten en deponeren of deponeren en dan versmelten. | en-nl |
In this case, we can see a laser sintering machine developed by EOS. | În acest caz, vedem un aparat de sinterizare cu laser, creat de EOS. | en-ro |
It's actually using a laser to fuse the new layer of material to the old layer. | Usa el láser para fusionar la nueva capa de material con la anterior. | en-es |
And over time -- quite rapidly actually, in a number of hours -- we can build a physical product, ready to take out of the machine and use. | ולאחר זמן -- די מהר למעשה, בתוך מספר שעות -- אנחנו יכולים לבנות מוצר פיזי, מוכן להוצאה מהמכונה ולשימוש. | en-he |
And this is quite an extraordinary idea, but it is reality today. | Ve bu çok sıradışı bir fikir, ama bugün bu bir gerçek. | en-tr |
So all these products that you can see on the screen were made in the same way. | Toate aceste produse ce le vedeți pe ecran au fost făcute în același fel. | en-ro |
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