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There is you.
あなたがいます
en-ja
You are the individuals you are, and you have this kind of core.
Vocês são os indivíduos que são, e vocês têm esse tipo de núcleo.
en-pt-br
Now in your life, what happens is that you, of course, accumulate different experiences and so forth.
W ciągu swojego życia zbieracie różne doświadczenia,
en-pl
So you have memories, and these memories help to create what you are.
Dus heb je herinneringen en die helpen je jezelf te definiëren.
en-nl
You have desires, maybe for a cookie, maybe for something that we don't want to talk about at 11 o'clock in the morning in a school.
あなたには願望があります それはクッキーかもしれないし 午前11時の学校で話すのが はばかられるようなことかもしれません 午前11時の学校で話すのが はばかられるようなことかもしれません
en-ja
You will have beliefs.
Έχετε κάποια πιστεύω.
en-el
This is a number plate from someone in America.
Acesta e un numărul mașinii cuiva din America.
en-ro
I don't know whether this number plate, which says "messiah 1," indicates that the driver believes in the messiah, or that they are the messiah.
Nu ştiu dacă acest număr de mașină "mesia 1" indică faptul că şoferul crede în mesia, sau că este el însuși mesia.
en-ro
Either way, they have beliefs about messiahs.
De qualquer forma, ele tem crenças sobre messias.
en-pt-br
We have knowledge.
우리에게는 지식이 있어요.
en-ko
We have sensations and experiences as well.
Също така имаме усещания и преживявания.
en-bg
It's not just intellectual things.
Nu e vorba numai de aspecte intelectuale.
en-ro
So this is kind of the common-sense model, I think, of what a person is.
Szerintem ez az általánosan elfogadott modell, hogy mi is egy egyén.
en-hu
There is a person who has all the things that make up our life experiences.
Yaşam tecrübelerimizden oluşan tüm her şeye sahip bir kişi var.
en-tr
But the suggestion I want to put to you today is that there's something fundamentally wrong with this model.
しかし今日私が皆さんに 提起したいのは このモデルには根本的に 誤りがあるということです
en-ja
And I can show you what's wrong with one click.
Mit einem Klick werde ich euch zeigen, was daran falsch ist.
en-de
Which is there isn't actually a "you" at the heart of all these experiences.
這就是:在這些經驗中間 並不存在所謂的「你」。
en-zh-tw
Strange thought? Well, maybe not.
Suy nghĩ lạ, phải không? Có lẽ không.
en-vi
What is there, then?
ではそこに 何があると言うのでしょう?
en-ja
Well, clearly there are memories, desires, intentions, sensations, and so forth.
분명히 기억, 욕구, 의지, 지각, 기타 여러가지가 있습니다.
en-ko
But what happens is these things exist, and they're kind of all integrated, they're overlapped, they're connected in various different ways.
Mas o que acontece é que essas coisas existem, e elas estão meio que integradas, elas se sobrepõem, e se interligam de diversas formas.
en-pt-br
They're connecting partly, and perhaps even mainly, because they all belong to one body and one brain.
Kısmen veya bütün olarak da bağlantılı olabilirler çünkü hepsi tek bir beden ve beyine aitler.
en-tr
But there's also a narrative, a story we tell about ourselves, the experiences we have when we remember past things.
Mais il y a aussi un récit, une histoire que nous racontons sur nous-mêmes : les expériences que nous faisons quand nous nous rappelons le passé.
en-fr
We do things because of other things.
Niečo robíme kvôli niečomu inému.
en-sk
So what we desire is partly a result of what we believe, and what we remember is also informing us what we know.
tako da su naše želje djelomično rezultat naših vjerovanja, a naša nas sjećanja također informiraju o tome što znamo.
en-hr
And so really, there are all these things, like beliefs, desires, sensations, experiences, they're all related to each other, and that just is you.
Così tutte queste cose, convinzioni, desideri, sensazioni, esperienze, sono tutte correlate, e quello siete voi.
en-it
In some ways, it's a small difference from the common-sense understanding.
มองในมุมหนึ่ง มันก็เป็นแตกต่างจาก แนวคิดแบบพื้นๆ เล็กน้อย
en-th
In some ways, it's a massive one.
ในอีกมุม มันก็ต่างกันมากมาย
en-th
It's the shift between thinking of yourself as a thing which has all the experiences of life, and thinking of yourself as simply that collection of all experiences in life.
Razlika je u tome razmišljamo li o sebi kao o nečemu što ima cjelokupno životno iskustvo i razmišljanja o sebi kao jednostavne zbirke svih životnih iskustava.
en-hr
You are the sum of your parts.
Você é a soma das suas partes.
en-pt-br
Now those parts are also physical parts, of course, brains, bodies and legs and things, but they aren't so important, actually.
والآن بالطبع هذه الأجزاء قد تكون جسدية أيضًا، العقول والأجساد والساقين وهذه الأشياء، ولكن هذه الأشياء ليست مهمة في الحقيقة.
en-ar
If you have a heart transplant, you're still the same person.
Ook met een nieuw hart zou je dezelfde persoon zijn.
en-nl
If you have a memory transplant, are you the same person?
Ako imate transplantaciju sećanja, da li ste i dalje ista osoba?
en-sr
If you have a belief transplant, would you be the same person?
Si le trasplantan las creencias, ¿sigue siendo la misma persona?
en-es
Now this idea, that what we are, the way to understand ourselves, is as not of some permanent being, which has experiences, but is kind of a collection of experiences, might strike you as kind of weird.
所以,这个关于我们是什么 以及如何认识自身的想法, 它认为我们不是什么拥有 经历的永恒个体, 而是这些经历的集合, 这种想法可能会让你觉得有点儿奇怪。
en-zh-cn
But actually, I don't think it should be weird.
Mais en fait, je ne pense pas qu'elle soit nécessairement bizarre.
en-fr
In a way, it's common sense.
Na swój sposób to rozsądne.
en-pl
Because I just invite you to think about, by comparison, think about pretty much anything else in the universe, maybe apart from the very most fundamental forces or powers.
Navrhujem, aby ste sa, pre porovnanie, zamysleli o takpovediac čomkoľvek inom vo vesmíre, možno okrem úplne najzákladnejších síl a energií.
en-sk
Let's take something like water.
たとえば水について考えてみましょう
en-ja
Now my science isn't very good.
עכשיו, המדע שלי לא כל כך טוב.
en-he
We might say something like water has two parts hydrogen and one parts oxygen, right?
ရေထဲမှာ ဟိုက်ဒရိုဂျင် နှစ်ဆ နှင့် အောက်ဆီဂျင် တစ်ဆ ပါဝင်တယ်လို့ ဆိုနိုင်တယ် မဟုတ်လား?
en-my
We all know that.
这个我们都知道。
en-zh-cn
I hope no one in this room thinks that what that means is there is a thing called water, and attached to it are hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and that's what water is.
Сподіваюсь, ніхто в цій кімнаті не думає, що це значить, що є річ, яка зветься "вода" з притороченими до неї атомами водню й кисню, і це й є вода.
en-uk
Of course we don't.
我們當然沒有
en-zh-tw
We understand, very easily, very straightforwardly, that water is nothing more than the hydrogen and oxygen molecules suitably arranged.
Nós entendemos, muito facilmente, muito diretamente, que a água nada mais é do que as moléculas de hidrogênio e oxigênio bem arranjadas.
en-pt-br
Everything else in the universe is the same.
Det är samma med allt annat i universum.
en-sv
There's no mystery about my watch, for example.
Npr. moj sat nije nikakav misterij.
en-hr
We say the watch has a face, and hands, and a mechanism and a battery, But what we really mean is, we don't think there is a thing called the watch to which we then attach all these bits.
Vi säger att klockan har en urtavla och visare, klockmekanism och ett batteri. Vad vi egentligen menar, är att vi inte tror på saken klocka på vilken vi fäster dessa delar.
en-sv
We understand very clearly that you get the parts of the watch, you put them together, and you create a watch.
Înţelegem foarte clar că iei parţile ceasului, le asamblezi şi creezi ceasul.
en-ro
Now if everything else in the universe is like this, why are we different?
如果宇宙中的一切事物都是如此, 我們又為什麼會有不同?
en-zh-tw
Why think of ourselves as somehow not just being a collection of all our parts, but somehow being a separate, permanent entity which has those parts?
لماذا نفكر في أنفسنا ليس ككائن يجمع كل أجزائنا ولكن ككيان منفصل يحتوي على هذه الأشياء؟
en-ar
Now this view is not particularly new, actually.
Agora essa visão não é exatamente nova, na verdade.
en-pt-br
It has quite a long lineage.
ma dość długi rodowód.
en-pl
You find it in Buddhism, you find it in 17th, 18th-century philosophy going through to the current day, people like Locke and Hume.
قد تجده في البوذية، وقد تجده أيضًا في فلسفة القرن السابع عشر والقرن الثامن عشر و تجده أيضًا عند فلاسفة العصر الحالي مثل لوك و هيوم.
en-ar
But interestingly, it's also a view increasingly being heard reinforced by neuroscience.
Daha ilginç olan ise bu bakış açısının git gide nöroloji bilimi tarafından da desteklendiğini duyuyoruz.
en-tr
This is Paul Broks, he's a clinical neuropsychologist, and he says this: "We have a deep intuition that there is a core, an essence there, and it's hard to shake off, probably impossible to shake off, I suspect.
Questo è Paul Broks, un neuropsicologo clinico. Lui dice: "Abbiamo un'intuizione profonda che ci sia un nucleo, un'essenza interiore, ed è difficile da scrollare, sospetto addirittura impossibile.
en-it
But it's true that neuroscience shows that there is no centre in the brain where things do all come together."
Mais les neurosciences montrent que le cerveau n'a pas un centre où toutes les choses se rassemblent.
en-fr
So when you look at the brain, and you look at how the brain makes possible a sense of self, you find that there isn't a central control spot in the brain.
Când te uiţi la creier, cum crează creierul percepția de sine, găseşti că nu există un centru de control în creier.
en-ro
There is no kind of center where everything happens.
ไม่มีศูนย์กลางการสั่งงาน
en-th
There are lots of different processes in the brain, all of which operate, in a way, quite independently.
Există mai multe procese diferite în creier, şi toate operează într-o formă aproape independentă.
en-ro
But it's because of the way that they relate that we get this sense of self.
그런데 자아 인지에 있어서 각 부분이 관련된 방식때문에 그렇게 보입니다.
en-ko
The term I use in the book, I call it the ego trick.
إن المصطلح الذي أستخدمه في كتابي هو "خدعة الذات."
en-ar
It's like a mechanical trick.
마치 기술적인 속임수 같습니다.
en-ko
It's not that we don't exist, it's just that the trick is to make us feel that inside of us is something more unified than is really there.
Không phải chúng ta không tồn tại, nhưng mưu mẹo này làm ta cảm thấy rằng trong ta, có điều gì đó độc nhất hơn cả những gì thật sự có ở đó.
en-vi
Now you might think this is a worrying idea.
Você pode achar que é uma ideia preocupante.
en-pt-br
You might think that if it's true, that for each one of us there is no abiding core of self, no permanent essence, does that mean that really, the self is an illusion?
من الممكن أنك تعتقد أنه لو صحّ هذا الأمر، لو أنه لا يوجد إحساسٌ ثابتٌ لكل واحد منا، لا يوجد جوهرُ ثابتُ، هل يعني هذا حقيقةً أن النفس عبارة عن وهم؟
en-ar
Does it mean that we really don't exist?
Означает ли это, что нас не существует?
en-ru
There is no real you.
진정한 당신이란 없습니다.
en-ko
Well, a lot of people actually do use this talk of illusion and so forth.
Багато людей вже користуються цією ідеєю про ілюзію і подібне.
en-uk
These are three psychologists, Thomas Metzinger, Bruce Hood, Susan Blackmore, a lot of these people do talk the language of illusion, the self is an illusion, it's a fiction.
Példaként három pszichológus: Thomas Metzinger, Bruce Hood, Susan Blackmore, beszél az illúzióról, miszerint az énünk egy illúzió, fikció.
en-hu
But I don't think this is a very helpful way of looking at it.
但我不認為這種想法有多少建設性。
en-zh-tw
Go back to the watch.
讓我們再來看看這只手錶,
en-zh-tw
The watch isn't an illusion, because there is nothing to the watch other than a collection of its parts.
ساعت یک توهم نیست، بخاطر اینکه ساعت چیزی نیست جز مجموعه ای از اجزاء
en-fa
In the same way, we're not illusions either.
Tak samo my też nie jesteśmy iluzją.
en-pl
The fact that we are, in some ways, just this very, very complex collection, ordered collection of things, does not mean we're not real.
Die Tatsache, dass auch wir eine sehr komplexe, geordnete Sammlung von Teilen sind, heißt nicht, das wir nicht real sind.
en-de
I can give you a very sort of rough metaphor for this.
من می توانم برایتان استعاره خوبی بیاورم
en-fa
Let's take something like a waterfall.
Vamos pegar algo como uma cachoeira.
en-pt-br
These are the Iguazu Falls, in Argentina.
Ovo su Iguacu vodopadi u Argentini.
en-sr
Now if you take something like this, you can appreciate the fact that in lots of ways, there's nothing permanent about this.
Якщо взяти щось подібне, ми зможете оцінити той факт, що у будь-якому разі немає нічого постійного в водоспаді.
en-uk
For one thing, it's always changing.
Először is, állandóan változik.
en-hu
The waters are always carving new channels.
Vode nepestano probijaju nove kanale,
en-hr
with changes and tides and the weather, some things dry up, new things are created.
С промените на климата и на приливите някои неща умират, други се появяват.
en-bg
Of course the water that flows through the waterfall is different every single instance.
当然,瀑布中流淌着的水 每一刻都是不同的。
en-zh-cn
But it doesn't mean that the Iguazu Falls are an illusion.
Ama bu Iguazu Şelaleleri'nin bir illüzyon olduğu anlamına gelmez.
en-tr
It doesn't mean it's not real.
به این معنی نیست که واقعی نیست.
en-fa
What it means is we have to understand what it is as something which has a history, has certain things that keep it together, but it's a process, it's fluid, it's forever changing.
중요한 건 우리가 그것을 이해하는 겁니다. 역사가 있고 종합적인 의미가 있는 것이지만 항상 변화하는 유동적인 과정입니다.
en-ko
Now that, I think, is a model for understanding ourselves, and I think it's a liberating model.
Αυτό λοιπόν νομίζω είναι ένα μοντέλο για να κατανοήσουμε τον εαυτό μας, και είναι μοντέλο που απελευθερώνει.
en-el
Because if you think that you have this fixed, permanent essence, which is always the same, throughout your life, no matter what, in a sense you're kind of trapped.
כי אם אתם חושבים שיש לכם מהות זו קבועה תמידית, שהיא תמיד זהה לאורך כל חייכם, לא משנה מה, במובן מסוים אתם סוג של לכודים.
en-he
You're born with an essence, that's what you are until you die, if you believe in an afterlife, maybe you continue.
Egy bizonyos esszenciával születtél, ami te magad vagy, a halálodig. Ha hiszel a másvilágban, akkor esetleg utána is.
en-hu
But if you think of yourself as being, in a way, not a thing as such, but a kind of a process, something that is changing, then I think that's quite liberating.
De ha nem úgy gondolsz magadra, mint egy dolog, hanem mint egy folyamat, valami, ami változik, akkor felszabadítva érzed magad.
en-hu
Because unlike the the waterfalls, we actually have the capacity to channel the direction of our development for ourselves to a certain degree.
A vízeséstől eltérően, nekünk lehetőségünk van irányítani a fejlődésünket, egy bizonyos fokig.
en-hu
Now we've got to be careful here, right?
Bu noktada dikkatli olmamız gerekiyor değil mi?
en-tr
If you watch the X-Factor too much, you might buy into this idea that we can all be whatever we want to be.
Tittar du för mycket på X Factor så köper du kanske idén om att alla kan bli vadhelst de än vill bli.
en-sv
That's not true.
Это не правда.
en-ru
I've heard some fantastic musicians this morning, and I am very confident that I could in no way be as good as them.
Dnes ráno som počul výborných muzikantov, a plne si uvedomujem, že v žiadnom prípade nemôžem byť taký dobrý ako oni.
en-sk
I could practice hard and maybe be good, but I don't have that really natural ability.
من ممکن است که سخت تمرین کنم و شاید بتوانم خوب باشم، ولی من درواقع آن توانایی ذاتی را ندارم
en-fa
There are limits to what we can achieve.
Er zijn grenzen aan wat we kunnen bereiken.
en-nl
There are limits to what we can make of ourselves.
Sunt limite în ceea ce putem face cu noi.
en-ro
But nevertheless, we do have this capacity to, in a sense, shape ourselves.
但无论如何,我们至少具备 在一定程度上塑造自己的能力。
en-zh-cn
The true self, as it were then, is not something that is just there for you to discover, you don't sort of look into your soul and find your true self, What you are partly doing, at least, is actually creating your true self.
Тогава истинското Аз не е нещо, което си стои и чака да го откриете. Не откривате самите себе си, вглеждайки се в душата си. Това, което донякъде правите, е да създавате истинските самите себе си.
en-bg