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So I can pile things up, I can flip through it, I can, you know -- okay, let's move this photo to the back, let's delete this guy here, and I think it's just a much more rich kind of way of interacting with your information. | Alors je peux empiler les choses, je peux les consulter, je peux, vous voyez -- Alors, déplaçons cette photo à l'arrière, effaçons celle-là, et je crois qu'il s'agit d'une façon beaucoup plus riche d'interagir avec vos données. | en-fr |
And that's BumpTop. Thanks! | وهذا هو "بمب توب". شكراً | en-ar |
Do you remember the story of Odysseus and the Sirens from high school or junior high school? | 你記不記得 從高中或初中 奧德修斯和塞壬的故事嗎？ | en-zh-tw |
There was this hero, Odysseus, who's heading back home after the Trojan War. | Der var denne helt, Odysseus, som vendte hjem efter den Trojanske krig. | en-da |
And he's standing on the deck of his ship, he's talking to his first mate, and he's saying, "Tomorrow, we will sail past those rocks, and on those rocks sit some beautiful women called Sirens. | И док стоји на палуби свог брода, разговара са првим официром палубе. и каже, "Сутра, пловимо око оних стена, и на тим ће стенама седети прелепе жене које зову Сирене. | en-sr |
And these women sing an enchanting song, a song so alluring that all sailors who hear it crash into the rocks and die." | Aquestes dones canten una cançó hipnotitzadora; una cançó tan captivadora que qualsevol mariner que l'escolti acaba xocant contra les roques i mor". | en-ca |
Now you would expect, given that, that they would choose an alternate route around the Sirens, but instead Odysseus says, "I want to hear that song. | » Sachant cela, on s'attendrait à ce qu'ils prennent un autre trajet, pour éviter les Sirènes, mais au contraire, Ulysse dit : « Je veux entendre ce chant. | en-fr-ca |
And so what I'm going to do is I'm going to pour wax in the ears of you and all the men -- stay with me -- so that you can't hear the song, and then I'm going to have you tie me to the mast so that I can listen and we can all sail by unaffected." | Więc zrobimy tak: zakleję uszy woskiem tobie i całej załodze, rozumiesz, żebyście nie usłyszeli tej pieśni, i wtedy przywiążecie mnie do masztu, żebym mógł ją usłyszeć, i tym sposobem przepłyniemy bez szwanku”. | en-pl |
So this is a captain putting the life of every single person on the ship at risk so that he can hear a song. | Dit is dus een kapitein die het leven van alle mannen op het schip op het spel zet om een lied te kunnen horen. | en-nl |
And I'd like to think if this was the case, they probably would have rehearsed it a few times. | 만약 이런 일이 실제로 있었더라면 아마 몇 번 정도 리허설을 했을 것 같습니다. | en-ko |
Odysseus would have said, "Okay, let's do a dry run. | Odysseus ville have sagt: "Okay, lad os lave en generalprøve. | en-da |
You tie me to the mast, and I'm going to beg and plead. | Je bindt me vast aan de mast en ik bid en smeek. | en-nl |
And no matter what I say, you cannot untie me from the mast. | მაგრამ რაც არ უნდა გითხრათ, არ გამათავისუფლოთ. | en-ka |
All right, so tie me to the mast." | Отлично, теперь привяжи меня к мачте». | en-ru |
And the first mate takes a rope and ties Odysseus to the mast in a nice knot. | Okay, så bind mig til masten." Og førstemanden tager et reb og binder Odysseus til masten med en solid knude. | en-da |
And Odysseus does his best job playacting and says, "Untie me. Untie me. | Và Odysseus diễn xuất rất đạt và nói, "Cởi trói cho tôi, cởi trói ra. | en-vi |
I want to hear that song. Untie me." | Unë dua ta dëgjojë atë këngë. | en-sq |
And the first mate wisely resists and doesn't untie Odysseus. | Und der Bootsmann widersteht dem klugerweise und bindet Odysseus nicht los. | en-de |
And then Odysseus says, "I see that you can get it. | Şi apoi Odiseu spune: "Văd că te-ai prins. | en-ro |
All right, untie me now and we'll get some dinner." | Labi, atsien mani, lai varam iet paēst vakariņas.” | en-lv |
And the first mate hesitates. | მისი პირველი თანაშემწე ორჭოფობას იწყებს. | en-ka |
He's like, "Is this still the rehearsal, or should I untie him?" | Er überlegt: „Ist das immer noch die Probe, oder soll ich ihn losbinden?“ | en-de |
And the first mate thinks, "Well, I guess at some point the rehearsal has to end." | И први официр помисли, "Па претпостављам да се проба мора једном завршити." | en-sr |
So he unties Odysseus, and Odysseus flips out. | Úgyhogy kikötözi Odüsszeuszt, és Odüsszeusz kipattan. | en-hu |
He's like, "You idiot. You moron. | Dille: "Parvo, inútil. | en-gl |
If you do that tomorrow, I'll be dead, you'll be dead, every single one of the men will be dead. | Din tosse. Hvis du gør det i morgen, vil jeg være død, du vil være død, | en-da |
Now just don't untie me no matter what." | არ გამათავისუფლო, რაც არ უნდა მოხდეს.“ | en-ka |
He throws the first mate to the ground. | И проснал помощник-капитана на земята. | en-bg |
This repeats itself through the night -- rehearsal, tying to the mast, conning his way out of it, beating the poor first mate up mercilessly. | Это повторяется всю ночь — репетиция, привязывание к мачте, обманные попытки выбраться, жестокое битьё бедного помощника. | en-ru |
Hilarity ensues. | העליצות נמשכת. | en-he |
Tying yourself to a mast is perhaps the oldest written example of what psychologists call a commitment device. | Atarse a un mástil es probablemente el ejemplo más antiguo de lo que los psicólogos llaman un "mecanismo de compromiso". | en-es |
A commitment device is a decision that you make with a cool head to bind yourself so that you don't do something regrettable when you have a hot head. | 承诺手段是你在冷静状态下 做出的决定来约束自己 以防在冲动之下 做出事后后悔的事情 | en-zh-cn |
Because there's two heads inside one person when you think about it. | Každý má totiž dvě "já" když se nad tím zamyslíte. | en-cs |
Scholars have long invoked this metaphor of two selves when it comes to questions of temptation. | Научници се одавно позивају на подељену личност како би описали проблем искушења. | en-sr |
There is first, the present self. | 首先是, 目前的自我。 | en-zh-tw |
This is like Odysseus when he's hearing the song. | Kao Odisej kad sluša pjesmu. | en-hr |
He just wants to get to the front row. | Само жели да јој буде што ближе. | en-sr |
He just thinks about the here and now and the immediate gratification. | Pensa solo al "qui e adesso" e alla gratificazione immediata. | en-it |
But then there's this other self, the future self. | Но има и другото Аз, Аз на бъдещето. | en-bg |
This is Odysseus as an old man who wants nothing more than to retire in a sunny villa with his wife Penelope outside of Ithaca -- the other one. | و هي نفس أوديسيوس المتقدمة في العمر والتي لا تريد شيئاً سوى التقاعد في " فيلا" هادئة مشمسة مع زوجته بينلوبي بعيداً عن إيثيكا و النفس الأخرى | en-ar |
So why do we need commitment devices? | Po nam właściwie technika autozobowiązania? | en-pl |
Well resisting temptation is hard, as the 19th century English economist Nassau William Senior said, "To abstain from the enjoyment which is in our power, or to seek distant rather than immediate results, are among the most painful exertions of the human will." | Nos, ellenállni a kísértésnek nehéz, ahogy a 19. századi angol közgazdász Nassau William Senior mondta, "Tartózkodni az élvezettől, amely felett hatalmunk van, vagy törekedni a távoli, semmint az azonnali eredményekre, az egyik legfájdalmas erőfeszítései az emberi akaratnak." | en-hu |
If you set goals for yourself and you're like a lot of other people, you probably realize it's not that your goals are physically impossible that's keeping you from achieving them, it's that you lack the self-discipline to stick to them. | Ако си поставяте цели и сте като повечето хора, вероятно си давате сметка, че не става въпрос, че целите ви са физически непостижими, което ви пречи да ги постигнете, а липсата на самодисциплина, да извървите пътя до тях. | en-bg |
It's physically possible to lose weight. | Fizički je moguće smršaviti. | en-hr |
It's physically possible to exercise more. | Tập luyên thể dục cũng hoàn toàn là có thể. | en-vi |
But resisting temptation is hard. | Mas resistir às tentações é difícil. | en-pt-br |
The other reason that it's difficult to resist temptation is because it's an unequal battle between the present self and the future self. | Други разлог због кога је тешко одолети искушењу је због нефер борбе између садашњег и будућег Ја. | en-sr |
I mean, let's face it, the present self is present. | É dicir, afrontémolo, o eu presente está presente. | en-gl |
It's in control. It's in power right now. | Het heeft de leiding, hier en nu. | en-nl |
It has these strong, heroic arms that can lift doughnuts into your mouth. | Té uns braços llargs i musculosos que poden aixecar dònuts i emportar-te'ls a la boca. | en-ca |
And the future self is not even around. | Y la futura ni siquiera está cerca. | en-es |
It's off in the future. It's weak. | Jest daleko w przyszłości. | en-pl |
It doesn't even have a lawyer present. | Il est faible. Il n'a même pas un avocat à ses côtés. | en-fr |
There's nobody to stick up for the future self. | Não existe ninguém para defender o eu futuro. | en-pt |
And so the present self can trounce all over its dreams. | Dus kan het huidige zelf over zijn dromen heenwalsen. | en-nl |
So there's this battle between the two selves that's being fought, and we need commitment devices to level the playing field between the two. | Ecco dunque la lotta tra le due identità, e noi abbiamo bisogno di strumenti che le facciano combattere ad armi pari. | en-it |
Now I'm a big fan of commitment devices actually. | Lalu saya sebenarnya penggembar berat alat komitmen. | en-id |
Tying yourself to the mast is the oldest one, but there are other ones such as locking a credit card away with a key or not bringing junk food into the house so you won't eat it or unplugging your Internet connection so you can use your computer. | Prisirišti prie stiebo - tai seniausias iš jų, bet yra ir kitų, tokių kaip užrakinti kredito kortelę ar neparnešti menkaverčio maisto į namus, kad negalėtumėte jo suvalgyti, ar išjungti interneto ryšį, kad negalėtumėte naudotis kompiuteriu. | en-lt |
I was creating commitment devices of my own long before I knew what they were. | Creei mecanismos de compromiso de meu moito antes de saber o que eran. | en-gl |
So when I was a starving post-doc at Columbia University, I was deep in a publish-or-perish phase of my career. | 當我還是一個身無長物的哥倫比亞大學 博士畢業生， 當時我的職業生涯是在於發布或滅亡的階段。 | en-zh-tw |
I had to write five pages a day towards papers or I would have to give up five dollars. | Turėjau parašyti penkis puslapius disertacijos per dieną, arba prarasti penkis dolerius. | en-lt |
And when you try to execute these commitment devices, you realize the devil is really in the details. | Når man forsøger at udføre disse forpligtende anordninger, så indser man at djævlen findes i detaljen. | en-da |
Because it's not that easy to get rid of five dollars. | لأنه ليس من السهل أن تتخلص من خمسة دولارات. | en-ar |
I mean, you can't burn it; that's illegal. | Je kan het niet verbranden. | en-nl |
And I thought, well I could give it to a charity or give it to my wife or something like that. | És azt gondoltam, odaadhatnám jótékonysági célra, vagy a feleségemnek, vagy valami ilyesmi. | en-hu |
But then I thought, oh, I'm sending myself mixed messages. | Mas depois pensei: "oh, estou a enviar mensagens cruzadas a mim mesmo. | en-pt |
Because not writing is bad, but giving to charity is good. | Bukan karena menulis makalah itu buruk, namun menyumbang itu bagus. | en-id |
So then I would kind of justify not writing by giving a gift. | Затем я подумал, что оправдываю нежелание писать тем, что деньги уйдут на пожертвование. | en-ru |
And then I kind of flipped that around and thought, well I could give it to the neo-Nazis. | Så vendte jeg det rundt på hovedet og tænkte, at jeg kunne give dem til nogle ny-nazister. | en-da |
But then I was like, that's more bad than writing is good, and so that wouldn't work. | しかしこれは書く書かないの善悪のレベルを超えて悪です。 これではお話になりません。 | en-ja |
So ultimately, I just decided I would leave it in an envelope on the subway. | Por último resolví, simplemente que podría dejarlos en un sobre en el metro. | en-es |
Sometimes a good person would find it, sometimes a bad person would find it. | მას ხან კარგი ადამიანი იპოვიდა, ხან ცუდი ადამიანი იპოვიდა. | en-ka |
On average, it was just a completely pointless exchange of money that I would regret. | Alles in allem war es einfach ein komplett sinnfreier Austausch von Geld, den ich bereuen würde. | en-de |
(Laughter) Such it is with commitment devices. | (Смех) Методы самоограничения содержат в себе ту же борьбу. | en-ru |
But despite my like for them, there's two nagging concerns that I've always had about commitment devices, and you might feel this if you use them yourself. | І хоча він мені до вподоби, мене завжди турбували дві речі, пов'язані з добровільним примусом, з якими ви теж можете стикнутися. | en-uk |
So the first is, when you've got one of these devices going, such as this contract to write everyday or pay, it's just a constant reminder that you have no self-control. | Прва је када сте посвећени неком циљу, као одлука да пишете сваки дан или платите, је само редовно подсећање да немате само-контролу. | en-sr |
You're just telling yourself, "Without you, commitment device, I am nothing, I have no self-discipline." | Je zegt tegen jezelf: "Zonder jou, verplichtingsmiddel, ben ik niets, heb ik geen zelfdiscipline." | en-nl |
And then when you're ever in a situation where you don't have a commitment device in place -- like, "Oh my God, that person's offering me a doughnut, and I have no defense mechanism," -- you just eat it. | E poi se vi trovate in una situazione in cui non avete attuato nessun trucchetto - tipo: "Dio mio, questa persona mi offre una ciambellina e io non ho alcun meccanismo di difesa" - e ve la mangiate. | en-it |
So I don't like the way that they take the power away from you. | Jeg kan ikke lide den måde, det tager kontrollen fra en. | en-da |
I think self-discipline is something, it's like a muscle. | Eu penso que a autodisciplina é uma coisa, é como um músculo. | en-pt |
The more you exercise it, the stronger it gets. | Hoe meer je het oefent, hoe sterker het wordt. | en-nl |
The other problem with commitment devices is that you can always weasel your way out of them. | Ten druhý problém s donucovacími prostředky je, že se z nich vždycky dokážete vymluvit. | en-cs |
You say, "Well, of course I can't write today, because I'm giving a TEDTalk and I have five media interviews, and then I'm going to a cocktail party and then I'll be drunk after that. | "글쎄, 물론 오늘은 쓸 수 없지, 왜냐하면 나는 지금 TED 강연을 하고 있고, 미디어 인터뷰가 5개 있고, 그 다음 나는 칵테일 파티에 갈 것이고, 그 이후에 취할 테고. | en-ko |
And so there's no way that this is going to work." | Per tant, això, avui, no funcionarà". | en-ca |
So in effect, you are like Odysseus and the first mate in one person. | Så i virkeligheden er man ligesom Odysseus og førstemanden i en person. | en-da |
You're putting yourself, you're binding yourself, and you're weaseling your way out of it, and then you're beating yourself up afterwards. | Vous vous y mettez, vous vous contraignez, et vous rusez pour y échapper, et ensuite vous vous battez. | en-fr |
So I've been working for about a decade now on finding other ways to change people's relationship to the future self without using commitment devices. | Então, tenho trabalhado, por cerca de uma década agora, em encontrar novas maneiras de mudar a relação das pessoas com seu eu futuro sem usar dispositivos de compromisso. | en-pt-br |
In particular, I'm interested in the relationship to the future financial self. | Em particular, estou interessado na relação com o próprio futuro financeiro. | en-pt-br |
And this is a timely issue. | Et c'est une question d'actualité. | en-fr |
I'm talking about the topic of saving. | Per ora mi sto interessando al risparmio. | en-it |
Now saving is a classic two selves problem. | Il risparmio è un tipico problema da doppia identità. | en-it |
The present self does not want to save at all. | Настоящият изобщо не иска да спестява. | en-bg |
It wants to consume. | 它要消费 | en-zh-cn |
Whereas the future self wants the present self to save. | L'Io del futuro vuole che quello del presente risparmi. | en-it |
So this is a timely problem. | Aşa că asta e o problemă de actualitate. | en-ro |
We look at the savings rate and it has been declining since the 1950s. | Se diamo un'occhiata al tasso di risparmio, vediamo che è in diminuzione dal 1950. | en-it |
At the same time, the Retirement Risk Index, the chance of not being able to meet your needs in retirement, has been increasing. | במקביל, מדד סיכון הפרישה, הסיכוי שלא תוכלו לענות על הצרכים שלכם לאחר היציאה לגמלאות, נמצא בעליה. | en-he |
And we're at a situation now where for every three baby boomers, the McKinsey Global Institute predicts that two will not be able to meet their pre-retirement needs while they're in retirement. | E encontramo-nos atualmente numa situação em que por cada três pessoas da geração da explosão populacional dos anos 50 o Instituto McKinsey Global prevê que dois deles não conseguirão atingir as suas necessidades de pré-reforma enquanto estão na reforma. | en-pt |
So what can we do about this? | Ce putem face în legatură cu asta? | en-ro |
There's a philosopher, Derek Parfit, who said some words that were inspiring to my coauthors and I. | Een filosoof, Derek Parfit, zei enkele woorden die mijn co-auteurs en mijzelf inspireerden. | en-nl |
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