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Biodiversity, the living fabric of this planet, is not a gas. | La biodiversità, il tessuto vivente del pianeta non è un gas. | en-it |
It exists in many layers, ecosystems, species and genes across many scales -- international, national, local, community -- and doing for nature what Lord Stern and his team did for nature is not that easy. | Pek çok katman halinde, ekosistemler, türler ve genler halinde ve pek çok boyuta sahip --uluslararası, ulusal, yerel, kamusal-- ve Lord Stern ve takımının doğa üzerine yaptığı şey hiç de kolay değil. | en-tr |
And yet, we began. | Namun, kami sudah memulainya. | en-id |
We began the project with an interim report, which quickly pulled together a lot of information that had been collected on the subject by many, many researchers. | เราเริ่มโครงการนี้ด้วยรายงานความก้าวหน้า ซึ่งเรารวบรวมและสังเคราะห์จาก ข้อมูลมหาศาลที่นักวิจัยจำนวนมาก รวมรวมมาก่อนแล้ว | en-th |
And amongst our compiled results was the startling revelation that, in fact, we were losing natural capital -- the benefits that flow from nature to us. | И одним из наших результатов оказалось ошеломляющее открытие - что, в действительности, мы теряем природный капитал - те блага, которые природа дарит нам. | en-ru |
We were losing it at an extraordinary rate -- in fact, of the order of two to four trillion dollars-worth of natural capital. | 失われつつあるのです－ しかも 2～4兆ドルもの価値が 失われたのです | en-ja |
This came out in 2008, which was, of course, around the time that the banking crisis had shown that we had lost financial capital of the order of two and a half trillion dollars. | Ovo je izašlo 2008., što je bilo u vrijeme kada se bankarska kriza pojavila, kada smo izgubili financijski kapital u iznosu 2,5 bilijuna dolara. | en-hr |
So this was comparable in size to that kind of loss. | بدین ترتیب این از لحاظ مقیاس، قابل مقایسه با آن نوع فقدان بود. | en-fa |
We then have gone on since to present for [the] international community, for governments, for local governments and for business and for people, for you and me, a whole slew of reports, which were presented at the U.N. last year, which address the economic invisibility of nature and describe what can be done to solve i... | หลังจากนั้นเราไปนำเสนอ งานนี้ต่อประชาคมโลก ต่อรัฐบาล ต่อรัฐบาลท้องถิ่น และต่อภาคธุรกิจ รวมถึงต่อประชาชนอย่างคุณและผม ทำรายงานเป็นปึกที่เรานำเสนอต่อองค์การสหประชาชาติปีที่แล้ว พูดถึงการที่ธรรมชาติล่องหนทางเศรษฐกิจ และอธิบายวิธีที่จะแก้ปัญหานี้ | en-th |
What is this about? | Çfarë është kjo? | en-sq |
A picture that you're familiar with -- the Amazon rainforests. | 這是一張你們很熟悉的圖片 亞馬遜雨林 | en-zh-tw |
It's a massive store of carbon, it's an amazing store of biodiversity, but what people don't really know is this also is a rain factory. | Egy óriási szénraktár, a biodiverzitás csodálatos tartaléka. Azonban általában nem tudják róla, hogy ez egy esőgyár is. | en-hu |
Because the northeastern trade winds, as they go over the Amazonas, effectively gather the water vapor. | Jer sjeveroistočni vjetrovi, dok prelaze preko Amazone, efektivno skupljaju vodenu paru. | en-hr |
Something like 20 billion tons per day of water vapor is sucked up by the northeastern trade winds, and eventually precipitates in the form of rain across the La Plata Basin. | משהו כמו 20 ביליון טונות של אדי מים בכל יום נשאבים על ידי רוחות הסחר הצפון-מזרחיות, ובסופו של דבר שוקעים בצורת גשם לאורך אגן "לה פלטה". | en-he |
This rainfall cycle, this rainfall factory, effectively feeds an agricultural economy of the order of 240 billion dollars-worth in Latin America. | Questo ciclo di pioggie, questa fabbrica di pioggia, di fatto alimenta un'economia agricola del valore di circa 240 miliardi di dollari nell'America Latina. | en-it |
But the question arises: Okay, so how much do Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina and indeed the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil pay for that vital input to that economy to the state of Amazonas, which produces that rainfall? | Mas as questões surgem: Ok, quanto Uruguai, Paraguai, Argentina e mesmo o estado do Mato Grosso no Brasil pagam por esse insumo vital da economia para o Estado do Amazonas, que produz essa chuva? | en-pt-br |
And the answer is zilch, exactly zero. | Cevap hiç!, Tam olarak sıfır. | en-tr |
That's the economic invisibility of nature. | این منافع ناپیدای طبیعت است. | en-fa |
That can't keep going on, because economic incentives and disincentives are very powerful. | Non può continuare così perché gli incentivi e disincentivi economici sono molto forti. | en-it |
Economics has become the currency of policy. | Economia tornou-se a moeda das políticas públicas. | en-pt-br |
And unless we address this invisibility, we are going to get the results that we are seeing, which is a gradual degradation and loss of this valuable natural asset. | Und wenn wir diese Unsichtbarkeit nicht angehen, werden wir die Ergebnisse bekommen, die wir sehen: allmähliche Landdegradation und Verlust dieses wertvollen natürlichen Kapitals. | en-de |
It's not just about the Amazonas, or indeed about rainforests. | アマゾンや熱帯雨林だけの問題ではありません | en-ja |
No matter what level you look at, whether it's at the ecosystem level or at the species level or at the genetic level, we see the same problem again and again. | Dalam tingkat manapun yang Anda lihat, apakah itu tingkat ekosistem, spesies, atau genetik kita terus menerus melihat hal yang sama. | en-id |
So rainfall cycle and water regulation by rainforests at an ecosystem level. | Говорим за цикъл на валежите и водно регулиране от тропическите гори на ниво екосистема. | en-bg |
At the species level, it's been estimated that insect-based pollination, bees pollinating fruit and so on, is something like 190 billion dollars-worth. | A um nível de espécies, estima-se que a polinização por insectos, abelhas a polinizar fruta e por aí fora, é algo no valor de 190 biliões de dólares [150 biliões de €]. | en-pt |
That's something like eight percent of the total agricultural output globally. | これは地球上で 農業が 生み出す価値の8％を占めます | en-ja |
It completely passes below the radar screen. | Semua benar-benar tidak terlihat. | en-id |
But when did a bee actually ever give you an invoice? | No kad vam je pčela ikada dala fakturu? | en-hr |
Or for that matter, if you look at the genetic level, 60 percent of medicines were prospected, were found first as molecules in a rainforest or a reef. | Op genetisch niveau: 60 procent van onze medicijnen werden gevonden als moleculen in een regenwoud of een koraalrif. | en-nl |
Once again, most of that doesn't get paid. | Sekali lagi, kebanyakan tidak menerima bayaran. | en-id |
And that brings me to another aspect of this, which is, to whom should this get paid? | Il che mi porta ad un altro aspetto di questa vicenda, ossia chi bisognerebbe pagare? | en-it |
That genetic material probably belonged, if it could belong to anyone, to a local community of poor people who parted with the knowledge that helped the researchers to find the molecule, which then became the medicine. | Az a genetikai anyag valószínűleg, ha valakié, akkor egy helyi szegény közösségé volt, amely átadta ismereteit, hozzásegítette a kutatókat, hogy megkapják a molekulát, amelyből később gyógyszert készítettek. | en-hu |
They were the ones that didn't get paid. | Sono loro che non sono stati pagati. | en-it |
And if you look at the species level, you saw about fish. | Şi dacă privim la nivel de specie, aţi văzut problema peştilor. | en-ro |
Today, the depletion of ocean fisheries is so significant that effectively it is effecting the ability of the poor, the artisanal fisher folk and those who fish for their own livelihoods, to feed their families. | Tegenwoordig worden de visbestanden in de oceanen zo uitgeput dat het het vermogen aantast van de armen, de ambachtelijke vissers en zij die vissen voor hun eigen levensonderhoud, om hun gezinnen te voeden. | en-nl |
Something like a billion people depend on fish, the quantity of fish in the oceans. | Περίπου ένα δισεκατομμύριο ατόμων στηρίζονται στην αλιεία, στην ποσότητα των ψαριών στους ωκεανούς. | en-el |
A billion people depend on fish for their main source for animal protein. | Një miliard persona varen nga peshkimi, si burim kryesor i proteinave shtazore. | en-sq |
And at this rate at which we are losing fish, it is a human problem of enormous dimensions, a health problem of a kind we haven't seen before. | Dan dengan laju penurunan produksi ikan seperti ini, hal ini menjadi masalah manusia yang sangat besar, masalah kesehatan yang belum pernah kita temui sebelumnya. | en-id |
And finally, at the ecosystem level, whether it's flood prevention or drought control provided by the forests, or whether it is the ability of poor farmers to go out and gather leaf litter for their cattle and goats, or whether it's the ability of their wives to go and collect fuel wood from the forest, it is actually ... | ולבסוף, ברמת המערכת האקולוגית, בין אם זה מניעת שטפונות או בקרה של בצורות המסופקים על ידי היערות, ובין אם זו האפשרות של חקלאים עניים לצאת החוצה ולאסוף פסולת עלים בשביל הבקר והעזים שלהם, ובין אם זו היכולת של נשותיהם לצאת ולאסוף עצים להסקה מהיער, אלו למעשה העניים שתלויים יותר מכל בשירותי המערכות האקולוגיות. | en-he |
We did estimates in our study that for countries like Brazil, India and Indonesia, even though ecosystem services -- these benefits that flow from nature to humanity for free -- they're not very big in percentage terms of GDP -- two, four, eight, 10, 15 percent -- but in these countries, if we measure how much they're ... | W naszych badaniach oszacowaliśmy, że dla krajów jak Brazylia, Indie czy Indonezja, korzyści płynące z ekosystemów, pozyskiwane przez ludność za darmo, nie stanowią dużego odsetka PKB: 2, 4, 8, 10, 15 procent. Ale rozpatrując ich wartość dla biednych, otrzymujemy wynik rzędu 45, 75 czy nawet 90%. | en-pl |
That's the difference. | Asta e diferenţa. | en-ro |
Because these are important benefits for the poor. | Bởi đây là nguồn lợi ích quan trọng cho người nghèo. | en-vi |
And you can't really have a proper model for development if at the same time you're destroying or allowing the degradation of the very asset, the most important asset, which is your development asset, that is ecological infrastructure. | Một mô hình phát triển toàn vẹn không thể tồn tại nếu cùng lúc, bạn lại huỷ hoại hoặc tạo điều kiện cho sự tàn phá vốn tài sản đó - loại tài sản quan trọng nhất, tài sản dẫn đường cho sự phát triển, đó là kết cấu hạ tầng sinh thái. | en-vi |
How bad can things get? | Πόσο άσχημα μπορούν να γίνουν τα πράγματα; | en-el |
Well here a picture of something called the mean species abundance. | Λοιπόν να μία εικόνα αυτού που ονομάζεται κακή αφθονία ειδών. | en-el |
It's basically a measure of how many tigers, toads, ticks or whatever on average of biomass of various species are around. | זה למעשה מדד של כמה נמרים, קרפדות, קרציות או מה שזה לא יהיה, בממוצע ביומסה של מינים שונים נמצאים בסביבה. | en-he |
The green represents the percentage. | Ngjyra jeshile përfaqëson përqindjen. | en-sq |
If you start green, it's like 80 to 100 percent. | Zielony to od 80 do 100%. | en-pl |
If it's yellow, it's 40 to 60 percent. | Se é amarelo, é 40 para 60 porcento. | en-pt-br |
And these are percentages versus the original state, so to speak, the pre-industrial era, 1750. | Και αυτά είναι ποσοστά έναντι της αρχικής κατάστασης, της προ - βιομηχανικής εποχής, το 1750. | en-el |
Now I'm going to show you how business as usual will affect this. | Most meg fogom mutatni önöknek, mi történne, ha minden úgy maradna, ahogy van. | en-hu |
And just watch the change in colors in India, China, Europe, sub-Saharan Africa as we move on and consume global biomass at a rate which is actually not going to be able to sustain us. | Наблюдавайте промяната в цветовете на Индия, Китай, Европа и Африка на юг от Сахара, докато се движим и консумираме глобална биомаса със скорост, която няма как да е устойчива. | en-bg |
See that again. | Guardate ancora. | en-it |
The only places that remain green -- and that's not good news -- is, in fact, places like the Gobi Desert, like the tundra and like the Sahara. | Les seuls endroits qui restent verts – et ce n’est pas une bonne nouvelle -- sont en fait les endroits comme le Désert de Gobi, comme la toundra et comme le Sahara. | en-fr |
But that doesn't help because there were very few species and volume of biomass there in the first place. | لكن ذلك لن يساعد لانه يوجد هناك القليل من اصناف الحياة وحجم الكتلة الحيوية هناك في المقام الاول | en-ar |
This is the challenge. | این چالش است. | en-fa |
The reason this is happening boils down, in my mind, to one basic problem, which is our inability to perceive the difference between public benefits and private profits. | Razlog zašto se ovo događa se, u mojoj glavi, svodi na osnovni problem, je da nismo sposobni uvidjeti razliku između javnog dobra i privatnog profita. | en-hr |
We tend to constantly ignore public wealth simply because it is in the common wealth, it's common goods. | 우리는 늘 공공의 재산을 무시하는 경향이 있어요. 그것은 모든 사람의 재산이라는 단순한 이유 때문인데요. 공동의 소유인거죠. | en-ko |
And here's an example from Thailand where we found that, because the value of a mangrove is not that much -- it's about $600 over the life of nine years that this has been measured -- compared to its value as a shrimp farm, which is more like $9,600, there has been a gradual trend to deplete the mangroves and convert t... | Hier ist ein Beispiel aus Thailand. Wir fanden heraus, dass der Wert einer Mangrove über einen Messzeitraum von neun Jahren auf etwa 600 Dollar beziffert wurde. Da ihr Wert als Shrimp-Farm eher im Bereich von 9600 Dollar liegt, gibt es einen stetigen Trend, die Mangroven zu dezimieren, und in Shrimp-Farmen umzuwandeln. | en-de |
But of course, if you look at exactly what those profits are, almost 8,000 of those dollars are, in fact, subsidies. | Αλλά φυσικά, εάν κοιτάξετε τι ακριβώς είναι αυτά τα κέρδη, σχεδόν τα 8.000 αυτών των δολλαρίων είναι, στην πραγματικότητα, επιδοτήσεις. | en-el |
So you compare the two sides of the coin and you find that it's more like 1,200 to 600. | Так что вы можете сравнить две стороны медали и увидете, что на самом деле это 1,200 к 600. | en-ru |
That's not that hard. | Това не е толкова трудно. | en-bg |
But on the other hand, if you start measuring, how much would it actually cost to restore the land of the shrimp farm back to productive use? | От друга страна, ако започнете да измервате колко всъщност ще струва да се възстанови земята ползвана за ферма за скариди обратно към продуктивна употреба? | en-bg |
Once salt deposition and chemical deposition has had its effects, that answer is more like $12,000 of cost. | Una volta che la deposizione chimica e di sali ha avuto i suoi effetti, la risposta è un costo di circa 12.000 dollari. | en-it |
And if you see the benefits of the mangrove in terms of the storm protection and cyclone protection that you get and in terms of the fisheries, the fish nurseries, that provide fish for the poor, that answer is more like $11,000. | Và nếu bạn thấy được lợi ích của rừng đước trong việc phòng bão và gió xoáy, vai trò của nó đối với các loài cá, đối với việc nuôi thả cá, để cung cấp cho người nghèo, thì câu trả lời là 11000$. | en-vi |
So now look at the different lens. | dolarów. Spójrzmy teraz z innej perspektywy. | en-pl |
If you look at the lens of public wealth as against the lens of private profits, you get a completely different answer, which is clearly conservation makes more sense, and not destruction. | Ако погледнете от страната на общественото богатство сравнена със страната на личните печалби, получавате напълно различен отговор, от което е ясно, че в опазването на мангровите дървета има повече смисъл отколкото в унищожаването им. | en-bg |
So is this just a story from South Thailand? | Czy dzieje się tak tylko w Płd.Tajlandii? | en-pl |
Sorry, this is a global story. | 抱歉不是的，這是一個全球的故事 | en-zh-tw |
And here's what the same calculation looks like, which was done recently -- well I say recently, over the last 10 years -- by a group called TRUCOST. | Így néz ki ugyanaz a számítás, melyet nemrég -- vagyis az utóbbi 10 év alatt -- a TRUCOST (Valós ár) nevű csoport végzett el. | en-hu |
And they calculated for the top 3,000 corporations, what are the externalities? | พวกเขาคำนวณสำหรับบริษัทที่ใหญ่ที่สุด 3,000 บริษัท ผลกระทบภายนอกคืออะไร? | en-th |
In other words, what are the costs of doing business as usual? | Nói một cách khác, cái giá của việc kinh doanh là gì? | en-vi |
This is not illegal stuff, this is basically business as usual, which causes climate-changing emissions, which have an economic cost. | 公司日常运营范畴之内的某些举动虽然并不违法， 但那些影响气候变化的排放物需被纳入经济成本。 | en-zh-cn |
It causes pollutants being issued, which have an economic cost, health cost and so on. | Schadstoffe werden freigesetzt, die wirtschaftliche Kosten haben, Gesundheitskosten und so weiter. | en-de |
Use of freshwater. | L’emploi d’eau douce. | en-fr |
If you drill water to make coke near a village farm, that's not illegal, but yes, it costs the community. | Si vous puisez de l’eau pour faire pousser de la cocaïne à côté d’un village, ce n’est pas illégal, mais oui, ça coûte à la communauté. | en-fr |
Can we stop this, and how? | Μπορούμε να το σταματήσεουμε αυτό και πώς; | en-el |
I think the first point to make is that we need to recognize natural capital. | 我想首先是我們得認清自然資本的存在 | en-zh-tw |
Basically the stuff of life is natural capital, and we need to recognize and build that into our systems. | Basicamente as coisas da vida são capital natural, e precisamos de reconhecer e construir isto nos nossos sistemas. | en-pt |
When we measure GDP as a measure of economic performance at the national level, we don't include our biggest asset at the country level. | وقتی تولید ناخالص داخلی را تخمین می زنیم، تا با آن، میزان عملکرد اقتصادی را در سطح ملی تعیین کنیم، بزرگترین سرمایۀ خود در سطح کشوری را بحساب نمی آوریم. | en-fa |
When we measure corporate performances, we don't include our impacts on nature and what our business costs society. | 當我們衡量企業表現 我們不計算我們對於自然的影響 也不去計算我們的商業活動讓整個社會承擔多少花費 | en-zh-tw |
That has to stop. | باید جلوی اینکار گرفته شود. | en-fa |
In fact, this was what really inspired my interest in this phase. | Για την ακρίβεια, σε αυτή τη φάση αυτό είναι που πραγματικά ενέπνευσε το ενδιαφέρον μου. | en-el |
I began a project way back called the Green Accounting Project. | Unë fillova një projekt kohë më parë, i quajtur Green Accounting Project. | en-sq |
That was in the early 2000s when India was going gung-ho about GDP growth as the means forward -- looking at China with its stellar growths of eight, nine, 10 percent and wondering, why can we do the same? | Това беше в началото на 2000 г., когато Индия се ентусиазира за растежа на БВП като средство за напредък - наблюдавайки огромния разтеж на Китай от 8, 9, 10% и запитвайки се - защо ние не можем да направим същото? | en-bg |
And a few friends of mine and I decided this doesn't make sense. | וכמה חברים שלי ואני החלטנו שזה לא הגיוני. | en-he |
This is going to create more cost to society and more losses. | Zwiększy tylko koszty i straty społeczne. | en-pl |
So we decided to do a massive set of calculations and started producing green accounts for India and its states. | Deci am decis să facem un set consistent de calcule şi am început să facem contabilitate verde pentru India şi provinciile ei. | en-ro |
That's how my interests began and went to the TEEB project. | وهكذا بدا اهتمامي ووصلت الى مشروع تيب | en-ar |
Calculating this at the national level is one thing, and it has begun. | Bu hesapları ulusal düzeyde yapmak önemli bir şeydi ve artık başladı. | en-tr |
And the World Bank has acknowledged this and they've started a project called WAVES -- Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services. | Ngân hàng thế giới đã công nhận nó và họ bắt đầu một dự án có tên là WAVES -- Định giá và thanh toán cho những dịch vụ của hệ sinh thái. | en-vi |
But calculating this at the next level, that means at the business sector level, is important. | Dar calculul acesteia la nivelul următor, adică la nivel de sector de activitate, este important. | en-ro |
And actually we've done this with the TEEB project. | E começámos, na verdade, a fazê-lo com o projecto TEEB. | en-pt |
We've done this for a very difficult case, which was for deforestation in China. | Nous l’avons fait pour un cas très difficile, qui est la déforestation de la Chine. | en-fr |
This is important, because in China in 1997, the Yellow River actually went dry for nine months causing severe loss of agriculture output and pain and loss to society. | To ważne, bo w roku 1997 Rzeka Żółta wyschła na 9 miesięcy powodując ogromne straty w rolnictwie oraz cierpienie społeczeństwa. | en-pl |
Just a year later the Yangtze flooded, causing something like 5,500 deaths. | L’année suivante le Yangtzé a débordé, en provoquant quelque chose comme 5500 morts. | en-fr |
So clearly there was a problem with deforestation. | Er was duidelijk een probleem met ontbossing, | en-nl |
It was associated largely with the construction industry. | با صنعت ساخت و ساز ارتباط گسترده ای داشت. | en-fa |
And the Chinese government responded sensibly and placed a ban on felling. | و دولت چین با برخورد معقولانه ای، قطع درختان را ممنوع کرد. و دولت چین با برخورد معقولانه ای، قطع درختان را ممنوع کرد. | en-fa |
A retrospective on 40 years shows that if we had accounted for these costs -- the cost of loss of topsoil, the cost of loss of waterways, the lost productivity, the loss to local communities as a result of all these factors, desertification and so on -- those costs are almost twice as much as the market price of timber... | Ostatnie 40 lat pokazuje, że jeśli obliczylibyśmy koszty degradacji gleb, utraty szlaków wodnych, produktywności oraz strat poniesionych przez społeczność lokalną w wyniku tych przyczyn, z pustynnieniem i itp,. koszty te są 2 razy wyższe niż rynkowa cena drewna. | en-pl |
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