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As a musician, I can tell you that if I had to have a cochlear implant, I'd be heartbroken. I'd just be plainly heartbroken, because I know that music would never sound the same to me.
Как музыкант, я признаюсь, что если бы мне пришлось иметь кохлеарный имплантат, я был бы убит горем. Да, именно так, ведь я знаю, что музыка никогда не звучала бы для меня как прежде.
en-ru
Now this is a video that I'm going to show you of a girl who's born deaf.
Сега това е видеоклип, който ще ви покажа, на момиче, което е родено нечуващо.
en-bg
She's in a very supportive environment.
انها في بيئة داعمة للغاية.
en-ar
Her mother's doing everything she can.
她的母親竭盡所能照顧她
en-zh-tw
Okay, play that video please.
Ok, fate partire il video per favore.
en-it
(Video) Mother: That's an owl.
(Video) Mama: Asta este o bufnita!
en-ro
Owl, yeah.
Gufo, si.
en-it
Owl. Owl.
Coruja. Coruja.
en-pt-br
Baby. Baby.
نی نی، نی نی .
en-fa
You want it?
Kéred?
en-hu
(Kiss) Charles Limb: Now despite everything going for this child in terms of family support and simple infused learning, there is a limitation to what a child who's deaf, an infant who was born deaf, has in this world in terms of social, educational, vocational opportunities.
(キス) この少女は家族に全面的に支えられ 学習に力を注いでもらえました しかし世の中には依然として 聾者の子供や聾者として生まれてきた幼児が直面する 限界が存在します 社会的教育的職業的な機会が限られるのです
en-ja
I'm not saying that they can't live a beautiful, wonderful life.
Ne kažem da ne mogu imati prekrasan, predivan život.
en-hr
I'm saying that they're going to face obstacles that most people who have normal hearing will not have to face.
אני רק אומר שעומדים בפניהם מכשולים שלאנשים עם שמיעה נורמאלית אין.
en-he
Now hearing loss and the treatment for hearing loss has really evolved in the past 200 years.
A halláskárosodás és a halláskárosodás kezelése nagyon sokat fejlődött az elmúlt 200 évben.
en-hu
I mean literally, they used to do things like stick ear-shaped objects onto your ears and stick funnels in.
Gerçekten, kulağınıza kulak şeklinde nesneler tıkayıp huniler sokuyorlardı.
en-tr
And that was the best you could do for hearing loss.
Non si poteva fare niente di meglio.
en-it
Back then you couldn't even look at the eardrum.
آنذاك لم يمكن ممكنا حتى النظر إلى طبلة الأذن.
en-ar
So it's not too surprising that there were no good treatments for hearing loss.
因此当时没有好的失聪治疗， 这一点也不吃惊。
en-zh-cn
And now today we have the modern multi-channel cochlear implant, which is an outpatient procedure.
Σήμερα έχουμε το πολυκάναλο κοχλιακό εμφύτευμα, με μια διαδικασία που πραγματοποιείται και σε εξωτερικά ιατρεία.
en-el
It's surgically placed inside the inner ear.
Τοποθετείται με χειρουργείο στο εσωτερικό μέρος του αυτιού.
en-el
It takes about an hour and a half to two hours, depending on where it's done, under general anesthesia.
انجام این جراحی بین یک ساعت ونیم تا دو ساعت وقت میبرد، بستگی به این دارد که کجا انجام شود، که تحت بیهوشی کامل انجام میشود.
en-fa
And in the end, you achieve something like this where an electrode array is inserted inside the cochlea.
Et à la fin vous obtenez quelque chose comme ça où une série d’électrodes est insérée dans la cochlée.
en-fr
Now actually, this is quite crude in comparison to our regular inner ear.
この技術は通常の人間の内耳と比べると 比較的開発途上であるといえます
en-ja
But here is that same girl who is implanted now.
Agora temos a mesma menina depois de fazer o implante.
en-pt
This is her 10 years later.
هاته هي بعد عشر سنوات.
en-ar
And this is a video that was taken by my surgical mentor, Dr. John Niparko, who implanted her.
A to filmik nagrany przez mojego chirurgicznego mentora, Dr. Johna Niparko, który wszczepiał jej implant.
en-pl
If we could play this video please.
Dr. John Niparko, que lhe colocou os implantes. Ponham o vídeo por favor.
en-pt
(Video) John Niparko: So you've written two books?
(影片) John Niparko: 所以妳寫了兩本書？
en-zh-tw
Girl: I have written two books. (Mother: Was the other one a book or a journal entry?) Girl: No, the other one was a book. (Mother: Oh, okay.) JN: Well this book has seven chapters, and the last chapter is entitled "The Good Things About Being Deaf."
Ragazza: Ne ho scritti due. (Madre: L'altro era un libro o un articolo?) R: No, l'altro era un libro. (M: Ah, ok.) JN: Bene, questo libro è composto di sette capitoli e l'ultimo capitolo è intitolato "Gli Aspetti Positivi della Sordità."
en-it
Do you remember writing that chapter?
¿Te acuerdas haber escrito este capítulo?
en-es
Girl: Yes I do. I remember writing every chapter.
소녀: 네 기억해요. 모든 장을 다 기억해요.
en-ko
JN: Yeah.
JN: Ωραία.
en-el
Girl: Well sometimes my sister can be kind of annoying.
소녀: 때로는 제 동생이 성가시게 해요.
en-ko
So it comes in handy to not be annoyed by her.
És jó dolog, ha nem tud idegesíteni.
en-hu
JN: I see. And who is that?
JN: 我了解。那這是誰?
en-zh-tw
Girl: Holly. (JN: Okay.) Mother: Her sister. (JN: Her sister.) Girl: My sister.
Meisje: Holly. (JN: Oké.) Moeder: Haar zus. (Meisje: Mijn zus.)
en-nl
JN: And how can you avoid being annoyed by her?
医師:どうやって妹のちょっかいをかわすんだい?
en-ja
Girl: I just take off my CI, and I don't hear anything.
女孩：我把我的人工耳蜗取下来，我就什么都听不到了。
en-zh-cn
(Laughter) It comes in handy.
(Rasete) E la indemana.
en-ro
JN: So you don't want to hear everything that's out there?
Д.Н. : Так ты не хочешь слышать всё, что вокруг тебя?
en-ru
Girl: No.
La fille : Non.
en-fr
CL: And so she's phenomenal.
Ч.л. : Вона феноменальна.
en-uk
And there's no way that you can't look at that as an overwhelming success.
และไม่มีทาง ที่คุณจะมองว่า นั่นไม่ใช่เป็นความสำเร็จอย่างท่วมท้น
en-th
It is. It's a huge success story in modern medicine.
della medicina moderna.
en-it
However, despite this incredible facility that some cochlear implant users display with language, you turn on the radio and all of a sudden they can't hear music almost at all.
Maar los van het ongelooflijke gemak waarmee sommige implantaatgebruikers taal hanteren, als je de radio opzet, horen ze plots bijna geen muziek.
en-nl
In fact, most implant users really struggle and dislike music because it sounds so bad.
Aslında, implant kullanıcılarının çoğu kulağa çok kötü geldiği için gerçekten zorlanırlar ve müziği sevmezler.
en-tr
And so when it comes to this idea of restoring beauty to somebody's life, we have a long way to go when it comes to audition.
Поэтому когда дело доходит до восстановления красоты в чьей-либо жизни, нам ещё многое предстоит сделать для звуковосприятия.
en-ru
Now there are a lot of reasons for that.
Dafür gibt es viele Gründe.
en-de
I mentioned earlier the fact that music is a different capacity because it's abstract.
prima ho menzionato il fatto che la musica ha una sua qualità particolare, perché è astratta.
en-it
Language is very different. Language is very precise.
Le langage est très différent. Le langage est très précis.
en-fr
In fact, the whole reason we use it is because it has semantic-specificity.
Épp ezért használjuk, a szemantikai pontossága miatt.
en-hu
When you say a word, what you care is that word was perceived correctly.
Kiedy wypowiadacie jakieś słowo, chcecie, żeby było ono prawidłowo odebrane.
en-pl
You don't care that the word sounded pretty when it was spoken.
Вас не турбує краса слова, коли ви його вимовляєте.
en-uk
Music is entirely different.
Com a música é totalmente diferente.
en-pt-br
When you hear music, if it doesn't sound good, what's the point?
Όταν ακούς μουσική, αν δεν ακούγεται με ευχαρίστηση, ποιό το νόημά της;
en-el
There's really very little point in listening to music when it doesn't sound good to you.
ليس هناك في الواقع غرض في الاستماع إلى الموسيقى حين لا يكون سماعها جيدا بالنسبة لك.
en-ar
The acoustics of music are much harder than those of language.
Акустиките на музиката са много по-трудни, отколкото тези на езика.
en-bg
And you can see on this figure, that the frequency range and the decibel range, the dynamic range of music is far more heterogeneous.
Y Uds. pueden ver en la figura, que la gama de frecuencias y de decibelios, la gama dinámica de la música es mucho más heterogénea.
en-es
So if we had to design a perfect cochlear implant, what we would try to do is target it to be able to allow music transmission.
Така че, ако трябваше да се изработи перфектен кохлеарен имплант, това, което бихме се опитали да направим, е да можем да позволим предаването на музика.
en-bg
Because I always view music as the pinnacle of hearing.
Eu sempre pensei na música como o auge da audição.
en-pt
If you can hear music, you should be able to hear anything.
Daca poti sa asculti muzica, vei fi in stare sa auzi orice.
en-ro
Now the problems begin first with pitch perception.
Problémy začínají s vnímáním výšky tónu.
en-cs
I mean, most of us know that pitch is a fundamental building block of music.
Большинство из нас знает, что высота звука является фундаментальным элементом музыки.
en-ru
And without the ability to perceive pitch well, music and melody is a very difficult thing to do -- forget about a harmony and things like that.
Χωρίς την ικανότητα να συλληφθούν σωστά οι τόνοι, η μουσική και η μελωδία είναι κάτι πολύ δύσκολο να κατανοήσεις-- για να μην αναφερθούμε καθόλου στην αρμονία και τα συναφή.
en-el
Now this is a MIDI arrangement of Rachmaninoff's Prelude.
이것은 ‘라흐마니 노프’의 서곡을 MIDI(악기 디지털 인터페이스)로
en-ko
Now if we could just play this.
Τώρα ας το ακούσουμε.
en-el
(Music) Okay, now if we consider that in a cochlear implant patient pitch perception could be off as much as two octaves, let's see what happens here when we randomize this to within one semitone.
(Musica) Se consideriamo che in un paziente impiantato la percezione della tonalità può deviare fino a due ottave, sentiamo cosa accade quando stoniamo la musica di un semitono al massimo.
en-it
We would be thrilled if we had one semitone pitch perception in cochlear implant users.
Было бы замечательно, если бы имплантированные пациенты воспринимали один звуковой полутон.
en-ru
Go ahead and play this one.
Моля пуснете тази музика.
en-bg
(Music) Now my goal in showing you that is to show you that music is not robust to degradation.
(음악) 제가 목표한 의도는, 음악은, 좀 훼손 되어도 될 정도로 가치가 낮은 것이 아님을 보여드리고자 하는 것입니다.
en-ko
You distort it a little bit, especially in terms of pitch, and you've changed it.
你只是篡改了一点点，特别是从音高角度来讲，但你已经改变整个音乐。
en-zh-cn
And it might be that you kind of like that.
Και ίσως και να τύχει να σου αρέσει η αλλαγή αυτή.
en-el
That's kind of hypnotic.
Ist ja auch irgendwie hypnotisch.
en-de
But it certainly wasn't the way the music was intended.
Но това със сигурност не беше начина, по който музиката беше замислена.
en-bg
And you're not hearing the same thing that most people who have normal hearing are hearing.
普通の聴力を持つ人が聴くのと同じようには その音楽を聴けていないのです
en-ja
Now the other issue comes with, not just the ability to tell pitches apart, but the ability to tell sounds apart.
Další problém s tím spojený, kromě ztráty schopnosti rozlišit výšku tónu, je ztráta schopnosti rozeznat zvuky.
en-cs
Most cochlear implant users cannot tell the difference between an instrument.
بیشتر کاربران ایمپلنت حلزونی گوش نمی توانند تفاوت بین یک سازهای موسیقی را بگویند.
en-fa
If we could play these two sound clips in succession.
Kunnen we deze twee stukjes geluid na elkaar spelen?
en-nl
(Trumpet) The trumpet.
(Tromba) Una tromba.
en-it
And the second one.
Ora il secondo.
en-it
(Violin) That's a violin.
(כינור) זהו כינור.
en-he
These have similar wave forms. They're both sustained instruments.
Au forma undelor similara. Sunt amandoua instrumente sustinute
en-ro
Cochlear implant users cannot tell the difference between these instruments.
کاربران ایمپلنت حلزونی گوش نمیتوانند تفاوت بین این سازها را بگویند. کاربران ایمپلنت گوش حلزونی نمیتوانند تفاوت بین این سازها را بگویند.
en-fa
The sound quality, or the sound of the sound is how I like to describe timbre, tone color -- they cannot tell these things whatsoever.
Sesin kalitesini ya da sesin nasıl duyulduğunu, benim tabirimle sesin, tonun rengini, ya da diğer şeyleri söyleyemezler.
en-tr
This implant is not transmitting the quality of music that usually provides things like warmth.
Ovaj implantat ne prenosi osobine glazbe koje joj obično daju toplinu i slično.
en-hr
Now if you look at the brain of an individual who has a cochlear implant and you have them listen to speech, have them listen to rhythm and have them listen to melody, what you find is that the auditory cortex is the most active during speech.
Ako pogledate mozak osobe koja ima umjetnu pužnicu i date joj da sluša govor, ritam i melodiju, otkrit ćete da će slušni korteks biti najaktivniji tijekom slušanja govora.
en-hr
You would think that because these implants are optimized for speech, they were designed for speech.
Sería lógico pensar que estos implantes están optimizados para el habla, que se diseñaron para el habla.
en-es
But actually if you look at melody, what you find is that there's very little cortical activity in implant users compared with normal hearing controls.
Αν εξετάσετε τη μελωδία, αυτό που θα δείτε είναι πως υπάρχει πολύ μικρότερη φλοιώδης δραστηριότητα στους χρήστες εμφυτεύματος από το φυσιολογικό.
en-el
So for whatever reason, this implant is not successfully stimulating auditory cortices during melody perception.
Seja qual for a razão, este implante não estimula satisfatoriamente o cortex auditivo durante a percepção da melodia.
en-pt-br
Now the next question is, well how does it really sound?
คำถามต่อไปคือ เสียงจริงๆ มันเป็นอย่างไรกัน
en-th
Now we've been doing some studies to really get a sense of what sound quality is like for these implant users.
人工内耳の利用者にとって音の質は どの程度かを調べるためいくつかの研究をしてきました
en-ja
I'm going to play you two clips of Usher, one which is normal and one which has almost no high frequencies, almost no low frequencies and not even that many mid frequencies.
Ich spiele Ihnen jetzt zwei Clips von Usher vor, einmal den normalen und dann einen Clip, der fast keine hohen und tiefen Frequenzen hat und nicht einmal viele mittlere.
en-de
Go ahead and play that.
Hadi şunu çalalım.
en-tr
(Music) (Limited Frequency Music) I had patients tell me that those sound the same.
(Muziek) (Muziek met beperkte frequenties) Patiënten vertelden me dat deze twee hetzelfde klonken.
en-nl
They cannot differentiate sound quality differences between those two clips.
Não conseguem distinguir as diferenças na qualidade sonora entre os dois trechos.
en-pt
Again, we are very, very far away in just getting to where we want to get to.
再一次强调，我们距离我们的目标还差得非常、非常远。
en-zh-cn
Now the question comes to mind: Is there any hope?
ตอนนี้มาถึงคำถามที่อยู่ในใจคือ เราจะมีความหวังไหม
en-th
And yes, there is hope.
והתשובה היא כן. יש תקווה.
en-he
Now I don't know if anybody knows who this is.
Não sei se alguém sabe quem é este.
en-pt
This is ... does somebody know?
Dit is ... weet iemand het?
en-nl