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In Onagawa, people in the city actually fled to the nuclear power plant as a place of refuge. | でも 女川原発は 周辺住民の 避難場所となっていました | en-ja |
It was that safe. | היא היתה עד כדי בטוחה. | en-he |
It was spared by the tsunamis. | C'était épargné par les tsunamis. | en-fr |
It was the foresight of just one engineer, Yanosuke Hirai, that made that happen. | ראיית הנולד של מהנדס אחד בלבד, יאנוסוקה היראי, היא שאיפשרה את זה. | en-he |
In the 1960s, he fought to build that power plant farther back from the coast at higher elevation and with a higher sea wall. | Na década de 1960, ele lutou para construir essa usina mais distante da costa, com maior elevação e quebra-mar mais alto. | en-pt-br |
He knew the story of his hometown shrine, which had flooded in the year 869 after a tsunami. | O, memleketindeki tapınağın hikâyesini biliyordu. Ki o tapınak 869 yılında, bir tsunamiden sonra su altında kalmış. | en-tr |
It was his knowledge of history that allowed him to imagine what others could not. | Njegovo poznavanje povijesti omogućilo mu je da zamisli nešto što drugi nisu mogli. | en-hr |
OK, one more tool of foresight. | OK, una herramienta más para la visión a futuro. | en-es |
This one I think of as creating shared heirlooms. | Bu aracı, ortak hatıralar olarak düşünüyorum. | en-tr |
These are lobster fishermen on the Pacific coast of Mexico, and they're the ones who taught me this. | אלה הם דייגי לובסטרים בחוף האוקיינוס השקט של מקסיקו, והם אלה שלימדו אותי את זה. | en-he |
They have protected their lobster harvest there for nearly a century, and they've done that by treating it as a shared resource that they're passing on to their collected children and grandchildren. | Neredeyse bir asırdır, oradaki ıstakozları koruyorlar. Bunu çocuklarına ve torunlarına bırakacakları ortak bir kaynak olarak gördükleri için başardılar. | en-tr |
They carefully measure what they catch so that they're not taking the breeding lobster out of the ocean. | Ils mesurent avec précaution ce qu'ils attrapent de façon à ce qu'ils n'éteignent pas la reproduction des homards dans l'océan. | en-fr |
Across North America, there are more than 30 fisheries that are doing something vaguely similar to this. | У Північній Америці існує близько 30 рибальських промислів, де теж роблять щось подібне. | en-uk |
They're creating long-term stakes in the fisheries known as catch shares which get fishermen to be motivated not just in taking whatever they can from the ocean today but in its long-term survival. | Дбаючи про тривалу перспективу, ці рибальства встановлюють квоти на вилов, стимулюючи окремих рибалок не просто намагатись сьогодні взяти з океану по максимуму, а й дбати про його завтрашній стан. | en-uk |
Now there are many, many more tools of foresight I would love to share with you, and they come from all kinds of places: investment firms that look beyond near-term stock prices, states that have freed their elections from the immediate interests of campaign financiers. | 現在有很多很多高瞻遠矚的工具 我想和你分享， 它們來自各種不同的地方： 眼光超越短期股票價格的投資公司， 讓選舉擺脫競選贊助商 所給予當下利益的州份。 | en-zh-tw |
And we're going to need to marshal as many of these tools as we can if we want to rethink what we measure, change what we reward and be brave enough to imagine what lies ahead. | 而我們要盡可能編組這些工具， 如果我們想重新思考所評量的事物、 改變我們獎勵的方式， 和夠勇敢去想像前方的路上有什麼。 | en-zh-tw |
Not all this is going to be easy, as you can imagine. | 可想而知，這些都不容易。 | en-zh-tw |
Some of these tools we can pick up in our own lives, some we're going to need to do in businesses or in communities, and some we need to do as a society. | Certains de ces outils, nous pouvons les trouver dans nos propres vies, pour d'autres, ce sera dans les entreprises ou dans les communautés, et pour certains, c'est la société qui doit les chercher. | en-fr |
The future is worth this effort. | Будущее стóит этих усилий. | en-ru |
My own inspiration to keep up this effort is the instrument I shared with you. | Minha inspiração para manter esse esforço é o instrumento que compartilhei aqui. | en-pt-br |
It's called a dilruba, and it was custom-made for my great-grandfather. | Nó được gọi là dilruba, và nó được đặc biệt tạo ra dành cho ông cố của tôi. | en-vi |
He was a well-known music and art critic in India in the early 20th century. | 他是印度 20 世紀早期 知名的音樂和藝術評論家。 | en-zh-tw |
My great-grandfather had the foresight to protect this instrument at a time when my great-grandmother was pawning off all their belongings, but that's another story. | 我的曾祖父有保护这件乐器的远见， 那时候我曾祖母不得不 当掉所有的东西维持生计， 但这是另一个故事了。 | en-zh-cn |
He protected it by giving it to the next generation, by giving it to my grandmother, and she gave it to me. | Прадід зберіг інструмент, передавши його нащадкам, подарувавши його моїй бабусі, яка згодом подарувала його мені. | en-uk |
When I first heard the sound of this instrument, it haunted me. | Quando ouvi o som deste instrumento pela primeira vez, ele me assombrou. | en-pt-br |
It felt like hearing a wanderer in the Himalayan fog. | Era come sentire un vagabondo nella nebbia himalayana. | en-it |
It felt like hearing a voice from the past. | 如同聽到來自過去的聲音。 | en-zh-tw |
(Music) (Music ends) That's my friend Simran Singh playing the dilruba. | (Música) (Música termina) Esse é meu amigo Simran Singh tocando o dilruba. | en-pt-br |
When I play it, it sounds like a cat's dying somewhere, so you're welcome. | Когда я играю на дилрубе, звучит так, будто где-то умирает кот, так что всегда пожалуйста. | en-ru |
(Laughter) This instrument is in my home today, but it doesn't actually belong to me. | (Смех) Этот инструмент сейчас у меня дома, но на самом деле не принадлежит мне. | en-ru |
It's my role to shepherd it in time, and that feels more meaningful to me than just owning it for today. | Mi rol es conducirlo a través del tiempo, y eso me parece más significativo que ser simplemente su dueña hoy. | en-es |
This instrument positions me as both a descendant and an ancestor. | Este instrumento me posiciona como descendiente y como ancestro. | en-es |
It makes me feel part of a story bigger than my own. | И заставляет меня чувствовать себя частью истории, большей, чем моя собственная. | en-ru |
And this, I believe, is the single most powerful way we can reclaim foresight: by seeing ourselves as the good ancestors we long to be, ancestors not just to our own children but to all humanity. | Và tôi tin rằng, nó là cách mạnh mẽ duy nhất chúng ta có thể lấy lại tầm nhìn xa: bằng cách nhìn bản thân chúng ta như là một tổ tiên tốt mong mỏi trở thành, tổ tiên không chỉ với con cháu chúng ta mà còn với cả nhân loại. | en-vi |
Whatever your heirloom is, however big or small, protect it and know that its music can resonate for generations. | Sea cual fuere su reliquia, grande o pequeña, protéjanla, y sepan que su música puede resonar por generaciones. | en-es |
GH: Oh, D and F -- too familiar. | Oh, Ré e Fá— demasiado conhecidas. | en-pt |
DB: Alright, so the bottom of the Indian Ocean. | DB: Dakle, dno Indijskog oceana. | en-hr |
Music isn't music until your brain makes it so. | La música no es música hasta que el cerebro la hace. | en-es |
Sounds can be noise in one context and music in another. | Los sonidos pueden ser ruido en un contexto y música en otro. | en-es |
We can all tell when someone is speaking vs. when they're singing, but as Diana Deutsch discovered if you take a spoken sentence, pull out a phrase, repeat that phrase over and over and over again, it will begin to sound musical. | Tutti siamo in grado di distinguere chi sta parlando da chi sta cantando ma, come si è resa conto Diana Deutsch, se prendi una sequenza parlata, rimuovi una frase e la ripeti più volte, questa inizierà ad assumere musicalità. | en-it |
Then, if you listen to the entire sentence again, it will sound as if the person bursts into song when he or she gets to the repeated part. | Aztán a mondatot újra meghallgatva úgy fog hangzani, mintha az illető dalra fakadna, mikor az ismételgetett részhez ér. | en-hu |
But the sounds reaching your ear are the same in all of those cases; what's changed is your brain. | Ám a fülünket elérő hangok ugyanazok, csupán agyunk változott meg. | en-hu |
How the brain turns sound into music remains one of the greatest mysteries of neuroscience. | Come il cervello trasformi i suoni in musica rimane uno dei più grandi misteri della neuroscienza. | en-it |
The vast majority of us love some kind of music; If you don't, you are very rare and scientists will want to study you. | La inmensa mayoría de nosotros ama algún tipo de música; si no lo hacen, son muy raros y los científicos querrán estudiarlos. | en-es |
We call you a person with "amusia" - a cool new name. | diranno che sei una persona con 'amusia', un nome nuovo e di effetto. | en-it |
We don't all love the same music. | Non tutti amiamo la stessa musica però. | en-it |
Personally, I'm not a huge fan of smooth jazz, and you might not like opera. | Io non sono patita di jazz, mentre a te potrebbe non andare a genio l'opera. | en-it |
This characteristic of music, the fact that it's universally loved, but highly subjective, has ensured that it continues to baffle us. | Ez jellemzi a zenét: általában szeretik, de igencsak szubjektíven; emiatt vagyunk állandóan zavarban. | en-hu |
We all need certain things to survive and reproduce: food, water, sex. | Todos necesitamos ciertas cosas para sobrevivir y reproducirnos: comida, agua, sexo. | en-es |
Our minds have evolved in such a way that when we don't have those things, we seek them out. | Nuestra mente ha evolucionado de tal modo que cuando no tenemos esas cosas, las buscamos. | en-es |
They become enjoyable; we call them "biological reinforcers." | Se vuelven agradables; las llamamos "reforzadores primarios". | en-es |
But music is just a bunch of sounds strung together, it doesn't provide us with the essential nutrients; it doesn't bind to our neurons the way drugs do; it doesn't ensure that our genes live on although that might be debatable. | De a zene csak összekapcsolt hangok sokasága, nem nyújtja a kellő tápanyagokat. Idegsejtjeinkhez nem úgy kötődik, mint a gyógyszerek, a drogok; nem szavatolja génjeink továbbélését; bár ez vitatható. | en-hu |
Why do we love music? | ¿Por qué amamos la música? | en-es |
It's a question I've struggled to answer, and I can't promise you a full, complete solution today, but I like to share with you some of the scientific insights that had made me a better musician, and some of the artistic insights I hope will help neuroscientists solve this mystery. | Nehéz erre válaszolnom, és nem ígérhetem, hogy ma teljes választ adok. De néhány tudományos tényt mondok, melyektől jobb zenésszé váltam, továbbá pár művészeti tényt, amelyekkel talán megoldhatják a rejtélyt az idegtudósok. | en-hu |
I come from a family of physicians: two anesthesiologists, a gastroenterologist, a generalist, an orthopedic surgeon, an ophthalmic surgeon, and an ER doctor. | Vengo da una famiglia di medici: due anestesisti, un gastroenterologo, un medico generico, un chirurgo ortopedico, uno oftalmico e un medico di pronto soccorso. | en-it |
Thanksgiving dinner at our house is the safest place to be outside of the hospital. | La cena de Acción de Gracias en nuestra casa es el lugar más seguro para estar fuera del hospital | en-es |
(Laughter) so I can't guarantee it's the most fun. | (Risate) anche se non necessariamente il più divertente. | en-it |
Then there is my mother; she is a conductor, much to my two-year old son's dismay, not of the locomotive kind but very much of the music kind. | Aztán ott van még anyám, aki vezényel. Kétéves fiam nagy bánatára, a nagyi nem vonatot vezényel, hanem zenekart. | en-hu |
Growing up, I saw how difficult it is to make a living as a musician in a society where music is universally loved but hopelessly undervalued. | Miközben nőttem, tapasztaltam, milyen nehéz a zenéből megélni a társadalomban, ahol mindenki szereti a zenét, de le is nézi. | en-hu |
She works long hours, she still sacrifices every holiday, and there is a part of her that never stops wondering what people thought of her last performance. | Ella trabaja muchas horas, todavía sacrifica cada día festivo, y hay una parte de ella que nunca deja de preguntarse lo que la gente pensó de su última actuación. | en-es |
If you count up all the awards, the recognitions, and distinctions, she's by far, the most successful member of our family, but she certainly wouldn't think so. | Si contamos todos los premios, los reconocimientos y las distinciones, ella es, de lejos, el miembro de nuestra familia más exitoso, aunque ella seguramente no lo cree así. | en-es |
Not that being a doctor isn't stressful - it is - but at the end of the day, you've spent your time trying to extend or enhance a person's life, and who can argue the value of that? | Nem mintha orvosnak lenni ne lenne stresszes szakma – bizony, az –, de végtére is, időnket azzal töltjük, hogy valaki életét kitoljuk vagy jobbá tegyük, és ki vitatná ennek értékét? | en-hu |
So when it was my turn to decide what to do with my professional life, the choice seemed pretty straight forward: go to medical school, and in your free time, continue up your musical training. | Así que cuando fue mi turno de decidir qué hacer con mi vida profesional, la elección pareció bastante sencilla: ir a la universidad de medicina, y en el tiempo libre continuar con el entrenamiento musical. | en-es |
But then I watched my brother trained to become an orthopedic surgeon, and I realized there is no such thing as free time in med school and especially in the years that follow. | Pero luego vi a mi hermano estudiando para ser cirujano ortopédico, y entendí que en la escuela de medicina no existe el tiempo libre, especialmente en los años que le siguen. | en-es |
I didn't want to give up the most important years of my vocal training. | Nem szándékoztam lemondani énektanulásom legfontosabb éveiről. | en-hu |
I also couldn't see how I could support myself and pay for those expensive singing lessons if I didn't have some other way to make money. | Inoltre non vedevo come avrei potuto mantenermi e pagare costose lezioni di canto allo stesso tempo, senza avere un altro introito. | en-it |
So I turned to neuroscience. | Érdeklődésem az idegtudomány felé fordult. | en-hu |
To me, it was the a perfect blend of science and poetry. | Para mí, era la mezcla perfecta de ciencia y poesía. | en-es |
Like pretty much every other neuroscientist of my generation, I devoured the writings of Oliver Sacks; I studied topics like autobiographical memory, analogical reasoning, creativity. | Como casi todos los otros neurocientíficos de mi generación, devoré los escritos de Oliver Sacks; estudié algunos temas como la memoria autobiográfica, el razonamiento analógico, la creatividad. | en-es |
So you'd think then I'd turn to science to help me become a better musician. | Potreste pensare che abbia usato la scienza per migliorare come musicista. | en-it |
After all, if I was using science to understand something as elusive as insight, wouldn't it make sense to turn there to learn the things that I loved? | Después de todo, si estaba usando la ciencia para comprender algo tan elusivo como el conocimiento, ¿no tendría sentido que me dedicara a eso para aprender las cosas que amaba? | en-es |
But the truth is the more I looked at anatomical drawings of the larynx, the tongue, and the diaphragm, the less I felt I understood about my instrument; I couldn't see how knowing what parts of the brain were active or even enhanced in musicians would make me sing better. | Pero la verdad es que, cuanto más observaba dibujos anatómicos de la laringe, la lengua y el diafragma, menos sentía que entendía sobre mi instrumento. No podía ver cómo el saber qué partes del cerebro estaban activas o acrecentadas en los músicos me haría cantar mejor. | en-es |
For a while, I even tried very hard to give up singing, because, after all, there are so many great singers in the world. | Ci fu un tempo in cui provai anche a smettere di cantare, perché al mondo ci sono già così tanti bravi cantanti: | en-it |
We all need to get one-on-one care from a physician, but many hundreds of thousands of us can be moved by the same musician. | un dottore può visitare solo un certo numero di pazienti, mentre un musicista può emozionare centinaia di migliaia di persone. | en-it |
So wouldn't I, and maybe the world, be better off if I stuck to medical research? | Nem lenne-e jobb nekem és másoknak, ha orvosi kutatásokra szorítkoznék? | en-hu |
The problem was that the more time I let elapse between singing engagements, the more I felt there was something really important missing from my life. | Az volt a baj, hogy minél gyakrabban hagytam ki az éneklést, annál erősebb volt az érzés, hogy valami fontos kimarad az életemből. | en-hu |
The more I felt that I couldn't be the person I needed to be, I became moody, irritable, a little irrational, often mean; and I found too often I would cap off a difficult day in the lab with a martini or two and an hour of self-loathing. | Cuanto más sentí que no podía ser la persona que necesitaba ser, me volví malhumorada, irritable, un poco irracional, a menudo cruel; y descubrí que muy a menudo terminaba un día difícil en el laboratorio con uno o dos martinis y una hora de odio hacia mí misma. | en-es |
So when I finished my neuroscience PhD, I decided to dedicate myself full time to music; I enrolled in a Master's of Music program. | Così, quando finii il mio dottorato in neuroscienze, decisi di dedicarmi a tempo pieno alla musica. Mi iscrissi a un master in musica. | en-it |
Classical musical training follows the apprenticeship model where you study with one or two teachers for many years until you can produce the sounds that you hear in your imagination on your instrument. | La formazione musicale classica è come un apprendistato in cui uno studia per molti anni con uno o due insegnanti, fino a quando riesce a riprodurre con il proprio strumento i suoni che l'immaginazione crea. | en-it |
But the one thing that kept gnawing at me over and over again was how little neuroscience had trickled down into this model. | Tuttavia, mi attanagliava il fatto che la neuroscienza quasi non comparisse in questa formazione. | en-it |
After all, most of the techniques are built upon performing the same exercises over and over and over again, often, in the same way, everyday; until you build those skills. | Végtére is, a technikák zöme azon alapszik, hogy ugyanazon gyakorlatokat ugyanúgy, vég nélkül naponta ismételjük, amíg készségünk ki nem alakul. | en-hu |
To demonstrate this, I want to introduce to you one of my favorite collaborators, Keisuke Nakagoshi. | Para demostrar esto, quiero introducirles a uno de mis colaboradores favoritos, Keisuke Nakagoshi. | en-es |
(Applause) Keisuke is going to give us an example of what a typical piano training exercise sounds like. | (Aplausos) Keisuke va a darnos un ejemplo de cómo suena un ejercicio típico de entrenamiento de piano. | en-es |
(Piano music starts) (Piano music ends) Over and over and over again! | (La musica per pianoforte inizia) (La musica finisce) Moltiplicate questo per mille volte! | en-it |
But the truth is if you want to take what you're learning, what you're developing in that skill, and apply it to any piece of music, research in motor learning suggests that you should in fact interleave and space out your trials introducing some randomness - what we call "desirable difficulties." | Pero si realmente quieren absorber lo que están aprendiendo, las habilidades que están desarrollando, y aplicarlas a cualquier pieza de música, los estudios sobre el aprendizaje motor sugieren que deberían intercalar y distanciar los ensayos, hacerlos un poco impredecibles; lo que llamamos "dificultades deseables". | en-es |
There is even a study of pianists demonstrating this effect, but so many teachers have never heard of such a thing. | Incluso hay un estudio sobre pianistas demostrando este efecto, pero muchos maestros jamás han oído de algo así. | en-es |
So then I began to wonder, "What would happen if I actually try it on myself?" | Y empecé a preguntarme qué pasaría si lo intentara conmigo, | en-es |
as most scientists use themselves as guinea pigs, and I found that I started to improve much more rapidly. | visto che molti scienziati si prestano a essere cavie, ed effettivamente ho sperimentato rapidi miglioramenti. | en-it |
So I developed a course called Training the Musical Brain; how to use neuroscience to develop more effective practice strategies which I now teach at the Conservatory of Music here in San Francisco. | Kidolgoztam a Zenészagy fejlesztése c. kurzust. Az idegtudománynak a hatékonyabb gyakorlásban való alkalmazásáról szól. A San Franciscó-i Konzervatóriumban oktatom. | en-hu |
I started to wonder, "Are there other ways that science can make me a better musician that I couldn't see ten years ago?" | Ho iniziato a chiedermi: "C'è un modo in cui la scienza può migliorarmi come musicista, che non ho saputo cogliere 10 anni fa?" | en-it |
When I was a child, I remember one of my evaluations at the Royal Conservatory of Music; it'll always stick with me. | Emlékszem egyik gyerekkori felvételimre a Királyi Konzervatóriumba. Belém rögződött. | en-hu |
I was a kid, I sang all my pieces well, I didn't make any mistakes, the judges said my tone was very good, I had good technique, but my performance was deemed "unmusical." | Era una niña, canté bien todas mis partes y no cometí ningún error; los jueces dijeron que mi tono era muy bueno y que tenía una buena técnica, pero mi actuación fue considerada "poco musical". | en-es |
How could these judges gauge my musicality? | ¿Cómo podían estos jueces medir mi musicalidad? | en-es |
Couldn't they see that I feel and understand this music deeply? | Hát nem értik, mennyire mélyen érzem és értem a zenét? | en-hu |
But the truth is feeling the music and producing music other people feel are two different skills. | Pero la verdad es que sentir la música y producir música que otros puedan sentir son dos habilidades distintas. | en-es |
In the rehearsal room, I can cry as much as I need to when my character is dying, but when I get on stage, it's your time to cry not mine. | A próbateremben sírhatok, amennyit akarok, mikor haldoklót játszom, de miután a színpadra léptem, nem nekem, hanem a nézőnek kell sírnia. | en-hu |
So what could science tell me about that? | ¿Y qué podía decirme la ciencia sobre eso? | en-es |
That's when my two worlds collided; because after all, art and science are after the same thing: the goal is to understand the human experience. | Két világom ütközött itt össze, mert művészet és tudomány egy és ugyanazt kutatja: a cél az emberi élmény megértése. | en-hu |
Science does it by extracting general principles about the world, and art uses individual experience to highlight what's universal. | A tudomány eszköze a világot mozgató általános elvek meglelése, a művészet pedig az egyéni tapasztalatból emeli ki az általánosat. | en-hu |
So here is what I learned in a nutshell: your brain is primed to search for meaning, for patterns, in a random, chaotic world. | Quindi, in poche parole, il cervello è programmato per cercare un senso e degli schemi dentro a un mondo casuale e caotico. | en-it |
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