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Because, when you have a topic that you're interested in, or a movement that you want to be a part of, and you're taking a stance and saying what's true, good ideas don't avoid criticism.
你感興趣的議題 或是想參與的行動出現時 你表明立場並捍衛真理 因為良好的理念不怕他人的批評
en-zh-tw
And for especially young people, they have a hard time dealing with that, and these important discussions that need young people to take a part in, it takes a lot of commitment.
Especialmente los jóvenes, a quienes les cuesta lidiar con eso, y estos importantes debates donde los jóvenes deben participar requieren de mucho compromiso. No digo que yo sea fantástico, pero esto es lo que importa:
en-es
I'm not saying that I'm amazing, but here's what's important: through me joining this movement and this important scientific discussion, here's what happened.
Je ne suis pas en train de me vanter mais voici ce qui importe : à partir du moment où je me suis engagé à participer au débat scientifique, Facebook a changé sa plateforme
en-fr
They were going to change how they approach anti-vax content.
A Amazon até removeu livros mal informados sobre autismo e vacinas.
en-pt-br
And recently, GoFundMe took down anti-vax campaigns.
就在最近,GoFundMe 取消了反接種疫苗的活動
en-zh-tw
We're talking about how movements like this are causing actual change, actually impacting the way this game is played and the misinformation that's lying to people and convincing them of very dangerous ideas.
De tels mouvements entraînent un véritable changement, affectent les règles du jeu et combattent la désinformation et le mensonge qui remplissent les esprits d'idées dangereuses.
en-fr
Now, before I leave, because I only have a short amount of time, I want to give you one important thing to keep in mind.
現在,我只剩一小段時間就結束了 我想請你們將一件重要的事牢記心中
en-zh-tw
One important takeaway from this all.
Le message à conserver.
en-fr
What you can do and what I did.
Ce que vous pouvez faire et ce que j'ai fait.
en-fr
I didn't do amazing research and studies and take information and present it to people; I didn't have deep, intellectual, scientific debates with people.
No hice investigaciones ni estudios para llevarle información a la gente. No participé en debates científicos profundos e intelectuales.
en-es
All I did was share my story.
Eu só compartilhei minha história.
en-pt-br
And that's enough for most people: to understand the anecdotal experiences, the real people behind the data.
И этого достаточно большинству: понимать опыт других людей, настоящих людей, а не данных.
en-ru
Because data doesn't resonate with people.
Car les données ne font pas vibrer les gens,
en-fr
People resonate with people.
Люди находят отклик в людях.
en-ru
And you have to keep that in mind, because when you are talking about a topic, and you're sharing your story, and sharing what is important, you stay authentic.
Souvenez-vous de ça car quand vous discuterez d'un sujet, que vous partagerez votre histoire et ce qui est important, vous serez authentique.
en-fr
Stay authentic to the data, to the information, to the importance of this topic.
維持資料,資訊的可信度 在這議題的重要性上
en-zh-tw
If I was talking to an individual and they said, "Why are vaccines important?"
Если бы я говорил с кем-то и они бы спросили: «Почему важны прививки?»,
en-ru
I would say nothing alongside any other answer, I would not in any way fathomably give them answer outside of: people are dying, and that's important.
", eu seria direto, não lhe daria, de forma alguma, outra resposta além de: "As pessoas estão morrendo e isso é importante.
en-pt-br
And that children are dying, and that's important.
И дети умирают, и это важно.
en-ru
And that we're having disease outbreaks that should not be here.
這也會引起本不該發生的疾病
en-zh-tw
And I believe, as John Boyle put it, these diseases should be in history books and not in our communities.
Je crois, comme John Boyle l'a dit : « Ces maladies devraient faire partie de l'histoire et non des communautés.
en-fr
So because of that, you need to make a personal decision to stand up for truth.
Por eso, deben tomar la decisión de defender la verdad.
en-es
You need to make a personal decision for yourself to say, "This is accurate, this is what's real, and these lies are not OK."
Precisamos tomar uma decisão pessoal por nós mesmos, dizer: "Isso é correto, isso é real, e essas mentiras não são boas".
en-pt-br
Because it started with me doing that on a personal level.
Empezó conmigo de manera personal.
en-es
I wasn't going from small town to Senate in a day.
No pasé de mi pueblo al Senado en un día.
en-es
It wasn't like, I go to bed, I wake up and there's Senator Isakson, asking me questions about vaccines.
Não fui para a cama, acordei e lá estava o senador Isakson, me perguntando sobre vacinas.
en-pt-br
It was a slow progression and it started with me saying, "This is true, my mom doesn't believe it, but that's OK."
Foi uma progressão lenta e começou comigo dizendo: "Isso é verdade, minha mãe não acredita, mas tudo bem".
en-pt-br
Because that doesn't change the truth, doesn't change what's accurate and what's important.
Porque isso não muda a verdade, não muda o que é correto e importante.
en-pt-br
And honestly, the biggest thing, this whole idea of unbreakable: remain unbroken.
Franchement, ce qui compte le plus, c'est cette idée que l'inébranlable reste solide.
en-fr
When you stand up for what's true and you have that criticism, and you're trying to cause a movement, don't sway.
Si defienden la verdad, si reciben críticas, y si tratan de crear un movimiento, no se dejen convencer.
en-es
To be a marine biologist is a wonderful thing.
해양생물학자가 되는 것은 멋진 일입니다.
en-ko
I get to live in two universes.
Riesco a vivere in due universi.
en-it
When I go to bed, I don't know to which world my dreams will take me.
Quando vado a letto, non so in quale mondo mi condurranno i sogni.
en-it
And when I'm underwater, I'm weightless, I can move in three dimensions.
저는 물속에 있을 때, 체중이 사라지고 삼차원으로 움직일 수 있답니다.
en-ko
I can spend all day staring into the blue or marveling at the extraordinary, beautiful, mysterious, sometimes fearsome creatures that live in the sea.
Puedo pasar todo el día viendo su color azul o maravillándome de las criaturas extraordinarias, bellas, misteriosas, y algunas veces aterradoras, que viven en el mar.
en-es
To be a human underwater is a completely different sensory experience.
Como humano, estar bajo el agua es una experiencia sensorial totalmente distinta.
en-es
But it also strikes fear into me, not me as a human, but me as the fish that I spend my life trying to understand.
Che incute anche timore, non a me in quanto essere umano, ma a me in quanto pesce, la cui vita provo a comprendere.
en-it
Because the ocean can be a place full of danger and full of seemingly impossible challenges.
Porque el océano puede ser un lugar lleno de peligros, y de retos aparentemente imposibles.
en-es
Let me give you the example of the perilous life cycle of a coral reef fish.
Déjenme darles un ejemplo del peligroso ciclo de vida de un pez de arrecife de coral.
en-es
So we're all familiar with the brightly colored beautiful fish that live on coral reefs - cities of life full of color.
산호초에 서식하는 아름다운 빛깔의 이 물고기가 다들 익숙하실 겁니다.
en-ko
But each year, these fish produce eggs, and the eggs hatch into tiny, almost microscopic larvae, and they spend several weeks at sea developing, only the size of a grain of rice.
그러나 이들은 매 해 산란을 하고, 이 알은 아주 작은 애벌레로 부화합니다. 그들은 몇 주에 걸쳐 곡식 한 알만한 크기로 성장합니다.
en-ko
And after about two or three weeks, they're competent, ready to return to a coral reef where hopefully, once they found the right reef, they can gradually mature and join their adult community.
약 2, 3 주 뒤에 그들은 산호초로 돌아갈 능력을 갖추게 됩니다. 이들은 적절한 산호초를 발견하면 점차 성숙하여 그것의 성인 커뮤니티에 참여할 수 있게 되죠.
en-ko
Now, this seems paradoxical: you live in the perfect environment, and yet you send your offspring out to sea.
Ahora bien, parece paradójico: viven en el ambiente perfecto, y aun así mandan a su cría al mar abierto.
en-es
Why would that be so?
Qual è il motivo?
en-it
I've spent my life trying to understand some of the processes that make this life cycle possible.
저는 이 주기를 가능케한 과정을 이해하려 제 삶을 바쳤습니다.
en-ko
In particular, how to fish find a reef?
물고기는 어떻게 산호초를 찾는걸까요?
en-ko
You're out at sea, at the mercy of ocean currents.
Está en mar abierto, a merced de las corrientes oceánicas.
en-es
How on earth, if you're the size of a grain of rice, do you find home?
Come cavolo fai a trovare casa tua se sei grande quanto un chicco di riso?
en-it
How do you choose the right place to live?
살기 좋은 장소는 어떻게 선택할거죠?
en-ko
How do you find a hiding place?
Come fai a cercare un nascondiglio?
en-it
These are the challenges that I try to tackle with some of the research that I do.
Estos son los retos que intento abordar con parte de mis investigaciones.
en-es
Now, how would you do it?
Come fareste voi?
en-it
If you were this tiny fish at sea, what what information would you want to try and make that life cycle possible?
? Si fueran este pequeño pez, en el mar, ¿qué tipo de información querrían para hacer posible ese ciclo vital?
en-es
Well, we know that some fish are able to smell different components of their environment.
어떤 물고기는 환경 구성요소의 냄새를 맡을 수 있습니다.
en-ko
Some fish are able to look at the position of the sun in the sky, even the way sunlight shines through the clouds, perhaps even use celestial nighttime visual cues.
Altri sono capaci di guardare la posizione del sole nel cielo, anche il modo in cui la luce del sole filtra tra le nuvole, forse anche di usare i segnali visivi del cielo stellato.
en-it
Some fish even have a magnetic sense.
Algunos peces incluso tienen un sentido magnético.
en-es
So is that enough information to get these fish home?
위의 정보는 물고기를 집으로 안내하기에 충분할까요?
en-ko
Well certainly, one thing that they probably can't use is sound, right?
한가지 분명한 건 그들이 소리를 사용하지 못한다는 겁니다. 그렇죠?
en-ko
60 years ago, Jacques Cousteau brought into the living rooms of the world, for the first time, the wonder of our underwater world.
Sessant'anni fa, Jacques Cousteau ha portato all'attenzione del mondo, per la prima volta, le meraviglie del mondo sommerso.
en-it
He invented scuba, to be able to take cameras underwater and beam those images back to people around the world.
Él inventó el buceo, para poder llevar cámaras bajo el agua y mostrar esas imágenes a la gente en todo el mundo.
en-es
It was a remarkable film in so many ways, except perhaps for the title.
Fue una filmación excepcional en muchos sentidos, excepto, tal vez, por el título.
en-es
You see, Jacques Cousteau told us that the ocean was a silent world.
Jacques Cousteau nos contó que el océano era un mundo silencioso.
en-es
But when we go into the ocean, we know that's not true.
Ma quando siamo nell'oceano, sappiamo che non è così.
en-it
Without scuba, we hear whales singing.
스쿠바 없이도, 고래의 노래를 들을 수 있습니다.
en-ko
This is the love song of a humpback whale.
Questa è la canzone d'amore di una megattera.
en-it
And whales can communicate over tens of miles, sometimes hundreds of miles, as they interact with each other.
고래는 십 마일 이상 떨어진 거리에서 소통이 가능합니다. 때로는 수 백마일까지도 말이죠.
en-ko
When we look on a coral reef, we realize it's not just whales and dolphins making sound; the fish can speak too.
Cuando miramos un arrecife de coral, entendemos que no solo ballenas y delfines producen sonidos; los peces también pueden hablar.
en-es
Fish produce popping, grunting, whooping, trumpeting sounds, and they do this to warn each other of predators, to be able to call each other over when they find food, and sometimes, particularly around the breeding season, to try and really impress each other.
Los peces producen chasquidos, gruñidos, chillidos o sonido de trompetas para advertir sobre la presencia de depredadores, para poder llamarse entre sí cuando encuentran comida, y algunas veces, particularmente, cerca de la temporada de apareamiento, para intentar impresionar el uno al otro.
en-es
And so they have some amazing songs within the world of fish.
Y por lo tanto hay algunas canciones increíbles en el mundo de los peces.
en-es
Here's some of the croaking sounds of sergeant majors, the whooping sound of an ambo-damselfish and the deep grunting love song, in this case of a cod.
Ecco alcuni gracidii del sergente maggiore, le grida di un Pomacentrus amboinensis e il grugnito di un merluzzo in una canzone d'amore.
en-it
So fish use sound; it's essential to their lives.
I pesci usano l'udito, è essenziale per le loro vite.
en-it
And it's not even just the fish.
Y no son solo los peces.
en-es
When we start looking at the invertebrates that live on the reef too, we realize that lobsters can play their antennae like a fiddler would play the violin, and snapping shrimp, that probably are no bigger than the size of your thumb, with a claw no bigger than the size of your thumbnail, are able to produce one of the loudest underwater explosions every time they open their claw and push a bubble forwards into the water which implodes with a flash of light and an enormous bang.
Si observamos a los invertebrados que también viven en el arrecife, nos damos cuenta de que las langostas pueden hacer sonar sus antenas como un violinista que toca el violín. Y los camarones alfeidos, que no deben ser más grandes que un dedo pulgar, con una tenaza que no es más grande que la uña del pulgar, son capaces de producir una de las explosiones submarinas más fuertes cada vez que abren sus tenazas y expulsan una burbuja en el agua, la cual implosiona produciendo un destello de luz y un gran estruendo.
en-es
And all together, that creates a crackling sound that gives coral reefs its soundscape.
그리고 모두 함께 탁탁 소리를 내며 산호초에 음악적 파노라마를 만들어냅니다.
en-ko
So 18 years ago, I asked a question which, at the time, almost everybody I was working with on the Great Barrier Reef thought was crazy: is it possible that fish could use sound as a way of finding their way home?
Entonces, hace 18 años, pregunté algo que, en su tiempo, casi todos los compañeros de trabajo de la Gran Barrera de Coral creían que era una locura: ¿es posible que los peces puedan usar el sonido para encontrar su camino a casa?
en-es
Now, to ask that question, my first approach was to take light traps - light traps are bright boxes with clear glass windows which have slits in them, like letter boxes - and when you shine a bright light underwater on the edge of the reef, you can intercept the larval fish, the baby fish, as they come back to the reef.
Para hacer esa pregunta, mi primer método fue hacerles trampas de luz, que son cajas brillantes con ventanas translúcidas que tienen hendiduras, como los buzones. Y cuando se pone una luz brillante bajo el agua al borde del arrecife, se pueden interceptar las larvas, los peces bebé, cuando vuelven al arrecife.
en-es
Many fish, like moths, are attracted to light, and we can catch them in our traps and we can count them as they return.
A muchos peces, como a las polillas, les atrae la luz, y podemos atraparlos en nuestras trampas y contarlos cuando vuelven.
en-es
But just to mix it up a little bit, I then hung underneath a trap a speaker.
Ma per cambiare un po', ho appeso un altoparlante sotto la trappola.
en-it
These are underwater speakers sold for synchronized-swimming teams to be able to keep beat underwater, but we use these speakers to playback recordings of coral reefs, to ask the question, "Are fish, at this tiny early stage in their life, several weeks old, attracted to coral reef sound?"
Sono casse subacquee per le squadre di nuoto sincronizzato, per tenere il ritmo sott'acqua, ma noi le usiamo per riprodurre registrazioni della barriera corallina, e ci chiediamo: "In questo primo stadio della loro vita, i pesci sono attratti dal suono della barriera corallina?"
en-it
And sure enough, three months later, putting these traps out night after night, we found that we caught more than twice as many fish in our noisy traps compared to the quiet ones.
Tre mesi dopo, mettendo queste trappole tutte le notti, abbiamo scoperto che le trappole sonore catturavano il doppio dei pesci rispetto alla trappole silenziose.
en-it
And then, to test whether this really was enough for a fish to choose where it wanted to make its home, we hung the speakers over small piles of dead coral rubble, artificial reefs that we built on the sand flats.
Y luego, para probar si esto era suficiente para que un pez escoja dónde querría hacer su hogar, colgamos los altavoces en pequeñas pilas de coral muerto, arrecifes artificiales que construimos en bancos de arena.
en-es
And sure enough, the fish came swimming in when we were playing our sound.
Y efectivamente, los peces acudían cuando reproducíamos nuestro sonido.
en-es
So sound is clearly a cue that these fish were using to hear their way home.
그렇게 소리가 물고기들이 집을 찾아갈 때 사용하는 단서임이 밝혀졌습니다.
en-ko
So I've spent the last 15 years listening to the ocean, trying to interpret what these fish can hear.
저는 지난 15년간 바다의 소리를 관찰하며 물고기가 듣는 소리를 해석하려 노력했죠.
en-ko
What is it, what information is available that gives fish this sensory experience that encourages them home?
물고기가 길을 찾도록 하는 감각적 정보는 과연 무엇일까요?
en-ko
Now, as a marine biologist, one of the privileges is getting to play with some very big, very expensive toys.
제가 생물학자로서 누리는 특권 중 하나는 아주 크고 비싼 장난감을 갖고 놀 수 있단 겁니다.
en-ko
And I'm just going to share two of mine with you today.
Ve ne farò vedere due oggi.
en-it
The first is the good ship Masifa, which we invented as a way of being able to sail a hydrophone, an underwater microphone, over the reefs so that we could start to understand the rich tapestry of sound that's made as you travel from different types of reef.
Il primo è la nave Masifa, che abbiamo inventato per poter far navigare un idrofono, un microfono subacqueo, sulle barriere per poter capire il quadro sonoro che si crea quando viaggi tra tipi diversi di barriera.
en-it
And then the second one is my hydrosaur.
Y el segundo juguete es mi hidrosaurio.
en-es
This is a - you could see at the time that funding for marine bio acoustics was in its early stages.
Capite come, a quei tempi, i finanziamenti per la bioacustica marina erano ancora agli inizi.
en-it
This is an inflatable dinosaur, but I was able to strap my microphone to this and leave it out overnight, and by doing that, we started to realize there were patterns in the soundscape.
위 공룡은 부풀릴 수 있었음에도 마이크를 매달아 밤새도록 내버려 두었습니다. 우리는 이를 통해 사운드트랙에 패턴이 존재함을 깨달았습니다.
en-ko
At dusk, all of the nocturnal fish, the predators, emerge from their caves, and they start calling to each other as they go looking for food.
해질 녘에, 모든 야행성 물고기들, 즉, 포식자들은 동굴에서 나와 먹을 것을 찾으며 서로를 부르기 시작합니다.
en-ko
So we get a dusk chorus.
해질녘 코러스는 그렇게 감지되죠.
en-ko
And then at dawn, these fish disappear back into the reef but out come all the daytime fish, and they've got to reestablish their territories, much like birds would do in a forest, and so we get a dawn chorus too.
이들은 새벽녘에 산호로 사라지지만 낮에 활동하는 물고기들이 다시 나와 그들의 영역을 재정립합니다. 숲 속의 새들 마냥 말이죠. 고로 우리는 새벽 코러스 또한 감지하죠.
en-ko
The reef is alive with noise, and that noise has patterns.
암초는 소리를 내며 살아가고 소리에는 패턴이 있습니다.
en-ko
And we've explored this by combining recordings with underwater surveys.
Lo descubrimos al combinar grabaciones con sondeos submarinos.
en-es
And with our underwater surveys, we realize that we can hear whether there are coral there.
Y con nuestros sondeos, observamos que podemos oír si hay corales allí.
en-es
We can hear which species live there.
Possiamo capire quali specie vivano lì.
en-it
We realize that the fish at sea are doing much what we would do if we were moving to a new city: we'd perhaps get on the internet and do some research into different suburbs that we might want to live in.
Nos damos cuenta de que los peces hacen el mar lo que haríamos si nos mudáramos a una nueva ciudad: tal vez entramos a internet e investigamos los distintos suburbios donde querríamos vivir.
en-es
We think fish can do the same thing by listening to their environment and choosing where they want to live.
Creemos que los peces pueden hacer lo mismo al escuchar su ambiente y escoger dónde quieren vivir.
en-es