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We're just starting to look at this data ourselves. | 我們也是才剛開始瞭解這些資料的。 | en-zh-tw |
There's some basic things that you would want to understand. | ご理解頂きたい基本的なことがらがあります | en-ja |
Two great examples are drugs, Prozac and Wellbutrin. | Hai ví dụ kinh điển nhất là về các loại thuốc. Prozac và Wellbutrin. | en-vi |
These are commonly prescribed antidepressants. | Tai yra dažnai išrašomi antidepresantai. | en-lt |
Now remember, we're assaying genes. | Rappelez-vous, nous testons les gènes. | en-fr |
Genes send the instructions to make proteins. | A gének küldik a fehérjék készítéséhez az utasításokat. | en-hu |
Proteins are targets for drugs. | 약들은 단백질을 대상으로 하기때문에 | en-ko |
So drugs bind to proteins and either turn them off, etc. | Sehingga obat-obatan terikat pada protein dan akan menonaktifkan atau melakukan hal lainnya. | en-id |
So if you want to understand the action of drugs, you want to understand how they're acting in the ways you want them to, and also in the ways you don't want them to. | 薬効を理解するには まず期待通りに薬物が作用しているか否かを 理解する必要があるのです | en-ja |
In the side effect profile, etc., you want to see where those genes are turned on. | Trong hồ sơ ghi tác động phụ và những dữ liệu khác, bạn muốn biết những gene đó được bật lên ở đâu. | en-vi |
And for the first time, we can actually do that. | Y, por primera vez, podemos hacerlo. | en-es |
We can do that in multiple individuals that we've assayed too. | 我们可以做到成倍的个体我们也可以化验。 | en-zh-cn |
So now we can look throughout the brain. | Donc maintenant nous pouvons regarder dans tout le cerveau. | en-fr |
We can see this unique fingerprint. | Uočićemo taj jedinstveni otisak gena. | en-sr |
And we get confirmation. | Et nous obtenons la confirmation. | en-fr |
We get confirmation that, indeed, the gene is turned on -- for something like Prozac, in serotonergic structures, things that are already known be affected -- but we also get to see the whole thing. | نحصل على تأكيد ، بأن الجين بالفعل نشط -- لشيءٍ ما مثل البروزاك ، ومعرفة الأماكن التي تأثرت بالفعل في هياكل هرمون السيروتونين -- بل إنه بإمكاننا معرفة كل شيء. | en-ar |
We also get to see areas that no one has ever looked at before, and we see these genes turned on there. | Também vemos áreas que nunca ninguém tinha visto, e vemos estes genes activados ali. | en-pt |
It's as interesting a side effect as it could be. | Ia seakan-akan satu kesan sampingan yang amat menarik. | en-ms |
One other thing you can do with such a thing is you can, because it's a pattern matching exercise, because there's unique fingerprint, we can actually scan through the entire genome and find other proteins that show a similar fingerprint. | Satu lagi perkara yang anda boleh lakukan dengannya ialah, anda boleh, disebabkan ia satu proses pemadanan corak, disebabkan adanya satu "cap jari" yang unik, kami boleh mengimbas seluruh genom dan mencari protein-protein lain yang menunjukkan "cap jari" yang hampir serupa. | en-ms |
So if you're in drug discovery, for example, you can go through an entire listing of what the genome has on offer to find perhaps better drug targets and optimize. | Así que si investigan medicinas, por ejemplo, pueden analizar todo un listado de lo que el genoma ofrece para encontrar quizá mejores objetivos y optimizarlas. | en-es |
Most of you are probably familiar with genome-wide association studies in the form of people covering in the news saying, "Scientists have recently discovered the gene or genes which affect X." | 在座的各位 可能對於掃描整個基因組的觀念 來自於新聞中一些字句。 像是：「科學家最近找到一個基因 會影響Ｘ。」 | en-zh-tw |
And so these kinds of studies are routinely published by scientists and they're great. They analyze large populations. | Und diese Art von Studien werden laufend von Wissenschaftlern veröffentlicht und sie sind großartig. Sie analysieren große Populationen. | en-de |
They look at their entire genomes, and they try to find hot spots of activity that are linked causally to genes. | 遺伝子と因果関係のありそうな 活性化している いわゆる ホットスポットを探しているのです | en-ja |
But what you get out of such an exercise is simply a list of genes. | Mas o que você obtém com um estudo assim é apenas uma lista de genes. | en-pt-br |
It tells you the what, but it doesn't tell you the where. | Ви кажуваат што, но не ви кажуваат каде. | en-mk |
And so it's very important for those researchers that we've created this resource. | I zato je od iznimne važnosti za ove istraživače to što smo kreirali ovakavu bazu. | en-hr |
Now they can come in and they can start to get clues about activity. | 그들은 이제 어떤 활동들을 보고 쉽게 단서를 찾을수 있습니다. | en-ko |
They can start to look at common pathways -- other things that they simply haven't been able to do before. | 他們現在可以去看是不是有共同的路徑， 是不是有其它他們沒有找到的東西。 | en-zh-tw |
So I think this audience in particular can understand the importance of individuality. | אני חושב שקהל זה במיוחד יכול להבין את חשיבות האינדיבידואליות. | en-he |
And I think every human, we all have different genetic backgrounds, we all have lived separate lives. | Pienso que como humanos tenemos diferentes antecedentes genéticos, todos vivimos vidas separadas. | en-es |
But the fact is our genomes are greater than 99 percent similar. | Aslında genomlarımız yüzde 99'dan daha yüksek bir oranda benzerdir. | en-tr |
We're similar at the genetic level. | Είμαστε ίδιοι σε γενετικό επίπεδο. | en-el |
And what we're finding is actually, even at the brain biochemical level, we are quite similar. | E o que estamos descobrindo é que, mesmo no nível da bioquímica cerebral, nós somos muito parecidos. | en-pt-br |
And so this shows it's not 99 percent, but it's roughly 90 percent correspondence at a reasonable cutoff, so everything in the cloud is roughly correlated. | Není to sice 99 %, ale střízlivá horní hranice může být asi 90 %, takže základ je vesměs stejný. | en-cs |
And then we find some outliers, some things that lie beyond the cloud. | А потім ми побачили, що є також сторонні зразки, дещо, що лежить за межами хмари. | en-uk |
And those genes are interesting, but they're very subtle. | 이런 유전자들은 매우 흥미롭습니다만, 동시에 매우 민감합니다. | en-ko |
So I think it's an important message to take home today that even though we celebrate all of our differences, we are quite similar even at the brain level. | Kështu që unë mendoj se është një mesazh i rëndësishëm për të marrë me vete sot se edhe pse ne festojmë të gjitha dallimet tona, ne jemi mjaft të ngjashm edhe ne nivelin e trurit. | en-sq |
Now what do those differences look like? | Cum arată acele diferenţe? | en-ro |
This is an example of a study that we did to follow up and see what exactly those differences were -- and they're quite subtle. | こちらはその違いに焦点を当てた 私たちの追跡調査の結果で これは個々の細胞で活性化されている遺伝子の様子ですが | en-ja |
These are things where genes are turned on in an individual cell type. | Ова се нешта каде што гените се активирани во индивидуална клетка. | en-mk |
These are two genes that we found as good examples. | Dieses sind zwei Gene, die wir als gutes Beispiel gefunden haben. | en-de |
One is called RELN -- it's involved in early developmental cues. | 一个叫做RELN——它被包含在一个早期的发展线索中。 | en-zh-cn |
DISC1 is a gene that's deleted in schizophrenia. | DISC1 - це ген, відсутній у людей з шизофренією. | en-uk |
These aren't schizophrenic individuals, but they do show some population variation. | Dies sind keine schizophrenen Personen aber sie zeigen Abweichungen von der Grundgesamtheit. | en-de |
And so what you're looking at here in donor one and donor four, which are the exceptions to the other two, that genes are being turned on in a very specific subset of cells. | Så det man se på her i donor et og donor fire, som er undtagelsen fra de to andre, er at gener bliver tændt på et meget specifikt delmængde celler. | en-da |
It's this dark purple precipitate within the cell that's telling us a gene is turned on there. | إنها تلك البقع البنفسجية الغامقة من الخلية والتي تخبرنا بأن جيناً ما نشطٌ هناك. | en-ar |
Whether or not that's due to an individual's genetic background or their experiences, we don't know. | Om det kommer an på et individs genetiske baggrund eller deres oplevelser, det ved vi ikke. | en-da |
Those kinds of studies require much larger populations. | Esse tipo de estudos requer populações muito maiores. | en-pt |
So I'm going to leave you with a final note about the complexity of the brain and how much more we have to go. | Pożegnam was ostatnią uwagą odnoście do złożoności mózgu i tego, co jeszcze jest do zrobienia. | en-pl |
I think these resources are incredibly valuable. | Smatram da su ovo podatci od iznimne važnosti. | en-hr |
They give researchers a handle on where to go. | Poskytuje vědcům určitá vodítka. | en-cs |
But we only looked at a handful of individuals at this point. | Analizirali smo mali broj osoba do sada. | en-sr |
We're certainly going to be looking at more. | Със сигурност ще изследваме повече. | en-bg |
I'll just close by saying that the tools are there, and this is truly an unexplored, undiscovered continent. | אסיים באומרי שהכלים כבר קיימים, וזוהי באמת יבשת שלמה שעדיין לא נתגלתה ולא נחקרה. | en-he |
This is the new frontier, if you will. | Это новая граница, если позволите. | en-ru |
And so for those who are undaunted, but humbled by the complexity of the brain, the future awaits. | Y para los intrépidos, intimidados por la complejidad del cerebro, el futuro aguarda. | en-es |
Have you ever been in the position of watching Silicon Valley take off and wish that you had known what was about to happen? | Siete mai stati nella posizione di aver visto la Silicon Valley decollare e aver desiderato di sapere cosa stava per accadere? | en-it |
(Laughter) So, I'm here to talk about what I think is going to be the most intense disruption of the technology world that's occurred in the last 15 years. | (웃음) 제가 생각하기에 지난 15년 동안의 기술분야에 일어났던 가장 강력한 혼란에 대해 이야기하려고 합니다. | en-ko |
And I believe the end product of it will be entirely about engagement. | Și cred că la final totul se va rezuma la implicare. | en-ro |
In fact, I think it is possibly a transformational change in the way we're going to think about engagement. | در واقع، فکر میکنم به احتمال زیاد تغییری انقلابی است در روشی که ما درباره مشغولیت فکر میکنیم. | en-fa |
So what would you do if you knew today that there was going to be a major technology cycle beginning in the next couple years, and that you could participate in it? | O que é que vocês fariam se soubessem hoje que ia haver um importante ciclo tecnológico a começar nos próximos anos e que podiam participar nele? | en-pt |
What would you do? | Prensipler? Ne yapacaksınız? | en-tr |
(Audience) Jump in! | (حضار) میرفتیم تو کارش! | en-fa |
So, this is the situation in which I find myself: I'm a professional investor about half the day, the daylight half. | Đây là tình huống tôi gặp phải: Tôi là một nhà đầu tư chuyên nghiệp vào ban ngày. | en-vi |
I was paying close attention earlier, and I now know I need to have 10 hours sleep at night, which is tricky, because last night the show ended about 12:30, and so I was, I got -- and that was in Santa Rosa, so I got home a little late. | پیش از این توجه زیادی میکردم، ولی الآن میدانم که باید ۱۰ ساعت در شب بخوابم، که کمی مشکل است چون دیشب شو حدود ۱۲:۳۰ تمام شد و من -- و اینکه در سانتاروزا بود و کمی دیر به خانه رسیدم. | en-fa |
I want you to understand, I've been studying the technology world, and things have already begun to change. | Voglio che capiate, ho studiato il mondo della tecnologia, e le cose hanno già iniziato a cambiare. | en-it |
But they're changing in ways that I see literally no commentator referring to today. | Но всё меняется так, что я не слышу никаких комментариев о сегодняшней ситуации. | en-ru |
There are six things going on that I'm going to focus on. | Há seis coisas acontecendo nas quais vou me concentrar. | en-pt-br |
I want you to understand, each one of these is a hypothesis; it is subject to revision. | Tôi muốn các bạn hiểu rằng, mỗi điều trong này đều là giả thuyết, đều có thể điều chỉnh, | en-vi |
It may even be subject to elimination. | وقد يكون حتى معرضًا للاستبعاد. | en-ar |
But I want you to understand I've been working with this group of hypotheses now for about 10 months, and what's really interesting is that I've been exposing them to a lot of people in the industry, and people have been finding it very hard to debunk them. | Quero que entendam que tenho trabalhado com este grupo de hipóteses há cerca de dez meses, e é realmente interessante que eu as tenho exposto para muitas pessoas na indústria e elas têm achado muito difícil desacreditá-las. | en-pt-br |
So I'm going to share them with you today, because I think collectively, we have a chance of figuring this out. | אז היום אחלוק אותן איתכם, כי אני חושב שביחד יש לנו סיכוי להבין את זה לעומק. | en-he |
The first thing -- and I think this is fairly obvious -- is: Windows is dying. | 첫째로, 저는 이게 꽤 분명하다고 생각하는데요. 윈도우는 죽어가고 있다는 것입니다. | en-ko |
And -- (Applause) I mean no disrespect to Microsoft, because I think, in fact, Microsoft as a company has many things it can do to maintain growth, but desktops would not be one of them. | Và (vỗ tay) Tôi không có ý báng bổ Microsoft, vì tôi nghĩ, trên thực tế, Microsoft là công ty có thể làm rất nhiều thứ để duy trì sự tăng trưởng, nhưng máy tính bàn sẽ không nằm trong số đó. | en-vi |
And the key indicator here, and the only one you need to know to understand what's going on here, is that smartphones have basically taken Windows from 96% of internet-connected devices 3 or 4 years ago, to under 50% now. | הסימן העיקרי שמורה על כך, והיחיד שאתם צריכים לדעת כדי להבין מה קורה פה, הוא שהסמארטפונים באופן בסיסי הורידו את מספר המכשירים שמריצים חלונות, אשר מחוברים לאינטרנט, מ-96% לפני 3 או 4 שנים, לפחות מ-50% היום. | en-he |
And it is falling precipitously; they'll be under 30 percent, probably about a year and a half from now. | و سریعاً دارد افت میکند؛ احتمالاً حدود یک سال و نیم دیگر به زیر ۳۰ درصد خواهد رسید. | en-fa |
Microsoft has lots of things it can do. | 微軟能做的事很多。 | en-zh-tw |
It can retreat to Exchange and crank the price there. | Họ có thể rút về chỉ tập trung vào Exchange và tăng giá lên. | en-vi |
But the reason this is so significant is that Windows and Enterprise software, which is related to it -- think SAP and people like that -- those businesses account for hundreds of billions of dollars in revenue. | Mas a razão disso ser tão significativo é que o Windows e o software Enterprise, que está relacionado a ele, acho que a SAP e outras como ela, essas empresas representam centenas de bilhões de dólares em receita. | en-pt-br |
And I'm suggesting we're going to have a jump ball for that revenue. | و قرار است یک جهش در این درآمد صورت بگیرد. | en-fa |
And in a world where the US economy is not growing that rapidly, having somebody go away is the simplest way to create room for new industries. | Num mundo em que a economia dos EUA não está a crescer muito rapidamente, haver alguém que desaparece é a forma mais simples de criar espaço para novas indústrias. | en-pt |
And this is where the revenues are going to come from. | Вот откуда будут поступать доходы. | en-ru |
But guess what? Like a Ginsu knife commercial, there's more! | ولكن خمّنوا ماذا؟ مثل الدعاية التلفازية لسكين ماركة "غينسو"هنالك الكثير لتحقيقه! | en-ar |
(Laughter) It turns out Microsoft is not the only company whose body is lying across the railroad tracks today. | （笑聲） 結果發現，現今微軟並不是 唯一一間橫躺在鐵軌上的公司。 | en-zh-tw |
Another one is Google. | 另一間是 Google。 | en-zh-tw |
Now, you may not have focused on this, but index search accounted for 90% of all search volume about 4 years ago. | Vous n'y avez peut-être pas fait attention mais la recherche via leur index, c'était 90% du volume total des recherches il y a 4 ans. | en-fr |
But an interesting thing happened. | Но произошла интересная вещь. | en-ru |
Google got to be so successful that the index became full of garbage. | Google оказался настолько успешным, что индекс оказался полон мусора. | en-ru |
In fact, the entire Web has become full of garbage. | 사실, 웹 전체가 쓰레기로 가득 차게 되었습니다. | en-ko |
If you think about it, the Web has become almost a digital Detroit. | אם תחשבו על זה, הרשת הפכה כמעט לדטרויט הדיגיטלית. | en-he |
(Laughter) If you look hard enough, you can find really compelling things there. | (Râsete) Dacă priviți atenți, puteți găsi lucruri fascinante acolo. | en-ro |
But if you aren't really careful, you can get mugged. | ولكن إذا كنتم غير مهتمين، فسوف تتعرضون للسرقة. | en-ar |
(Laughter) And it is no shock that each one of us and everyone else out there have looked for other ways to find the things we want to find. | (Gülüşler) İlla ki hepimiz bir şey bulmak isterken farklı arama metotlarını denemişizdir. | en-tr |
We started with Wikipedia, but then Facebook came along for matters of taste and money; Twitter came along for real-time news; LinkedIn, for professional things; Match.com, for less professional things; TripAdvisor for travel, Yelp for restaurants, Realtor.com for finding a home, Dictionary.com for words, Wordnik for t... | İlk alternatifimiz Vikipedi'ydi, sonra zevk ve para için Facebook, gerçek zamanlı haberler için de Twitter geldi. Profesyonel işler için LinkedIn, pek profesyonel olmayan şeyler için Match.com, seyahat için TripAdvisor, restoran için Yelp, ev bulmak için Realtor.com, kelime bulmak için Dictionary.com, dilin tamamı için... | en-tr |
So the thing has really changed. | 변화는 정말 일어났습니다. | en-ko |
And here's what's interesting: like Microsoft, Google has plenty of ways to respond in terms of growing its business. | İlginç olan da şu: Google da tıpkı Microsoft gibi şirketi büyütmek için birbirinden farklı şeyler yapabilir. | en-tr |
But what it cannot do is recover its position as the dominant player on the internet. | Pero lo que no puede hacer es recobrar su lugar como el jugador dominante en internet. | en-es |
It is my belief that when Google came along in 1998, the internet was an open-source, long-tail world with no leader. | 제 생각에 구글이 등장한 1998년에는 인터넷이 오픈소스였습니다. 리더가 아직 없는 틈새 시장이였죠. | en-ko |
And Google stepped into this void, provided leadership and implemented a strategy that systematically commoditized all forms of content. | E o Google preencheu esse espaço, estabeleceu a liderança e implementou uma estratégia que sistematicamente "comodotizou" todas as formas de conteúdo. | en-pt-br |
And the simplest way to look at it is to look at a Google results page: the only logo on that page is Google's; everything else is in the same font. | 이를 보는 가장 쉬운 방법은 구글 결과 페이지를 보는겁니다. 그 페이지에 있는 유일한 로고는 구글 하나입니다. 모든 것이 같은 글씨체입니다. | en-ko |
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