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These are motorized devices that are controlled by little electrical signals from your muscle. | มันเป็นแขนเทียมติดมอเตอร์ ที่ถูกควบคุม โดยสัญญาณไฟฟ้าเล็กๆ จากกล้ามเนื้อของคุณ | en-th |
Every time you contract a muscle, it emits a little electricity that you can record with antennae or electrodes and use that to operate the motorized prosthesis. | Chaque fois que vous contractez un muscle, il émet un peu d'électricité qu'on peut enregistrer avec des antennes ou des électrodes et qu'on peut utiliser pour faire fonctionner la prothèse motorisée. | en-fr |
They work pretty well for people who have just lost their hand, because your hand muscles are still there. | Funzionano abbastanza bene per chi ha perso una mano, perché i muscoli che muovono la mano sono ancora presenti. | en-it |
You squeeze your hand, these muscles contract. | אתה מכווץ את היד והשרירים הללו מתכווצים. | en-he |
You open it, these muscles contract. | وعند فتحها ، ترتخي العضلات فتفتح اليدين. | en-ar |
So it's intuitive, and it works pretty well. | Es ist intuitiv und funktioniert ziemlich gut. | en-de |
Well how about with higher levels of amputation? | しかしもっと上部で 腕の大半を切断するとどうでしょう | en-ja |
Now you've lost your arm above the elbow. | Загубили сте ръката си над лакътя. | en-bg |
You're missing not only these muscles, but your hand and your elbow too. | Non ci sono più muscoli, né gomito né mano. | en-it |
Well our patients have to use very code-y systems of using just their arm muscles to operate robotic limbs. | Οι ασθενείς μας πρέπει να χρησιμοποιούν πολύπλοκα συστήματα ή να χρησιμοποιούν απλά τους μύες των χεριών τους για να λειτουργήσουν τα ρομποτικά άκρα. | en-el |
We have robotic limbs. | We hebben robot-ledematen. | en-nl |
There are several available on the market, and here you see a few. | چندین مدل در بازار موجود است که در اینجا شما تعدادی را مشاهده می کنید. | en-fa |
They contain just a hand that will open and close, a wrist rotator and an elbow. | Те са изградени от ръка, която може да се отваря и затваря, въртяща се китка и лакът. | en-bg |
There's no other functions. | Non ci sono altre funzioni. | en-it |
If they did, how would we tell them what to do? | Se houvesse, como lhes diríamos o que fazer? | en-pt-br |
We built our own arm at the Rehab Institute of Chicago where we've added some wrist flexion and shoulder joints to get up to six motors, or six degrees of freedom. | そこで シカゴリハビリテーション研究所（RIC）では 手首の屈曲と 肩の関節を加え ６つのモーターで ６自由度を持つ試作品を作りました | en-ja |
And we've had the opportunity to work with some very advanced arms that were funded by the U.S. military, using these prototypes, that had up to 10 different degrees of freedom including movable hands. | A takodje radimo i sa nekim vrlo naprednim veštačkim rukama koje je finansirala američka vojska, koristeći ove prototipe, koji su imali i do 10 različitih stepeni slobode uključujući i pokretne šake. | en-sr |
But at the end of the day, how do we tell these robotic arms what to do? | Aber letztendlich wie sagen wir diesen Roboterarmen was zu tun ist? | en-de |
How do we control them? | چطور آنها را کنترل کنیم؟ | en-fa |
Well we need a neural interface, a way to connect to our nervous system or our thought processes so that it's intuitive, it's natural, like for you and I. | Il nous faut une interface neutre, un moyen d'établir la connexion avec notre système nerveux ou nos processus de pensée pour que ce soit intuitif, naturel, comme pour vous et moi. | en-fr |
Well the body works by starting a motor command in your brain, going down your spinal cord, out the nerves and to your periphery. | 脳から発する運動命令は 脊髄を伝わり末梢神経をとおって 末梢に伝わります | en-ja |
And your sensation's the exact opposite. | E com suas sensações ocorre exatamente o oposto. | en-pt-br |
You touch yourself, there's a stimulus that comes up those very same nerves back up to your brain. | Khi ta chạm vào mình, sẽ có một sự kích thích truyền tới những dây thần kinh đó và chạy ngược về não. | en-vi |
When you lose your arm, that nervous system still works. | Quando você perde o braço, esse sistema nervoso ainda funciona. | en-pt-br |
Those nerves can put out command signals. | Die zenuwen kunnen signalen uitzenden. | en-nl |
And if I tap the nerve ending on a World War II vet, he'll still feel his missing hand. | 如果碰一个二战老兵的 神经末端 他仍然能感觉到失去的手 | en-zh-cn |
So you might say, let's go to the brain and put something in the brain to record signals, or in the end of the peripheral nerve and record them there. | Şimdi beyne bir cihaz koyup beyinde bu sinyalleri kaydetmeyi veya doğrudan sinirlerin uçlarından bu sinyalleri kaydetmeyi önerebilirsiniz. | en-tr |
And these are very exciting research areas, but it's really, really hard. | E essas são áreas de pesquisa muito entusiasmantes, mas é muito, muito difícil. | en-pt-br |
You have to put in hundreds of microscopic wires to record from little tiny individual neurons -- ordinary fibers that put out tiny signals that are microvolts. | 数百の微小電極を埋め込み 信号を発する小さな個々のニューロン - 普通の神経線維 -から マイクロボルト単位の 信号を読み取る 必要があります | en-ja |
And it's just too hard to use now and for my patients today. | E extrem de dificil să folosești așa ceva, pentru pacienții din ziua de azi, cum sunt ai mei. | en-ro |
So we developed a different approach. | Wypracowaliśmy więc inną metodę. | en-pl |
We're using a biological amplifier to amplify these nerve signals -- muscles. | אנו משתמשים במגבר ביולוגי כדי להגביר את האותות העצביים -- שרירים. | en-he |
Muscles will amplify the nerve signals about a thousand-fold, so that we can record them from on top of the skin, like you saw earlier. | 肌肉能把神经信号 放大约一千倍 这样我们就能在表皮检测到信号 就像你之前看到的 | en-zh-cn |
So our approach is something we call targeted reinnervation. | We noemen onze aanpak 'gerichte herzenuwing'. | en-nl |
Imagine, with somebody who's lost their whole arm, we still have four major nerves that go down your arm. | Imagine, em alguém que perdeu o braço inteiro, ainda temos quatro nervos principais que vão em direção ao braço. | en-pt-br |
And we take the nerve away from your chest muscle and let these nerves grow into it. | 我們將那些胸肌神經拉出 然後把手臂神經轉移到病患的胸肌 | en-zh-tw |
Now you think, "Close hand," and a little section of your chest contracts. | 所以你在腦袋裡想“握拳”，胸肌就會收縮 | en-zh-tw |
You think, "Bend elbow," a different section contracts. | Ako se pomisli "Savij lakat," kontrahovaće se drugi deo. | en-sr |
And we can use electrodes or antennae to pick that up and tell the arm to move. | Putem folosi electrozi sau antene ca să detectăm acest semnal și să facem brațul să se miște. | en-ro |
That's the idea. | Tāda ir ideja. | en-lv |
So this is the first man that we tried it on. | El primer ensayo fue con este hombre. | en-es |
His name is Jesse Sullivan. | Ονομάζεται Τζέσι Σάλιβαν. | en-el |
He's just a saint of a man -- 54-year-old lineman who touched the wrong wire and had both of his arms burnt so badly they had to be amputated at the shoulder. | Melek gibi bir insan -- 54 yaşında yanlış kabloya dokunan bir hat teknisyeni, iki koluda cok kötü bir şekilde yandığı için omuzlarından kesilmek zorunda kalınmış. | en-tr |
Jesse came to us at the RIC to be fit with these state-of-the-art devices, and here you see them. | Jesse est venu au RIC pour se faire poser ces appareils dernier cri et vous les voyez ici. | en-fr |
I'm still using that old technology with a bicycle cable on his right side. | Bisiklet kablosu sağ kolunda, hala eski teknolojiyi kullanıyorum. | en-tr |
And he picks which joint he wants to move with those chin switches. | او مفصلی را که میخواهد حرکت دهد با سویجهای چانهای انتخاب می کند. | en-fa |
On the left side he's got a modern motorized prosthesis with those three joints, and he operates little pads in his shoulder that he touches to make the arm go. | 左邊裝的是先進的肌電義肢 連接三個關節 他操作肩膀上的小墊子 藉由碰觸讓手臂動起來 | en-zh-tw |
And Jesse's a good crane operator, and he did okay by our standards. | เจสซีก็เป็นคนบังคับเครนได้ดี และเขาก็ทำได้ค่อนข้างดีในมาตรฐานของเรา | en-th |
He also required a revision surgery on his chest. | 他也要求在胸肌上实行修正手术 | en-zh-cn |
And that gave us the opportunity to do targeted reinnervation. | 这给了我们一个机会 来实行定向神经移植术 | en-zh-cn |
So my colleague, Dr. Greg Dumanian, did the surgery. | بنابراین همکار من، دکتر " گرِگ دمانیان"، عمل جراحی را انجام داد. | en-fa |
First, we cut away the nerve to his own muscle, then we took the arm nerves and just kind of had them shift down onto his chest and closed him up. | Primeiro, retiramos o nervo de seu músculo depois, pegamos os nervos do braço e como que os implantamos em seu peito e fechamos. | en-pt-br |
And after about three months, the nerves grew in a little bit and we could get a twitch. | وبعد نحو ثلاثة أشهر ، نمت الأعصاب وحصلنا على انقباضات ضعيفة جداً. | en-ar |
And after six months, the nerves grew in well, and you could see strong contractions. | 再六個月後，神經再生狀況良好 你可以看出很明顯的肌肉收縮反應 | en-zh-tw |
And this is what it looks like. | その結果がこれです | en-ja |
This is what happens when Jesse thinks open and close his hand, or bend or straighten your elbow. | นี้คือสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นเมื่อเจสซีคิด ที่จะแบและหุบมือ หรืองอหรือเหยียดข้อศอก | en-th |
You can see the movements on his chest, and those little hash marks are where we put our antennae, or electrodes. | אתם יכולים לראות את תנועות החזה שלו, והסימנים הקטנים הללו מראים היכן אנו שמים את האנטנות או האלקטרודות שלנו. | en-he |
And I challenge anybody in the room to make their chest go like this. | 我想让诸位挑战一下 看看是否有人能这么做 | en-zh-cn |
His brain is thinking about his arm. | Il suo cervello pensa al braccio. | en-it |
He has not learned how to do this with the chest. | เขาไม่ได้รู้เลยว่าจะขยับหน้าอกแบบนี้อย่างไร | en-th |
There is not a learning process. | นี้ไม่ใช่กระบวนการการเรียนรู้ | en-th |
That's why it's intuitive. | 這樣才算是所謂的直覺性 | en-zh-tw |
So here's Jesse in our first little test with him. | Dit is Jesse bij onze eerste test met hem. | en-nl |
On the left-hand side, you see his original prosthesis, and he's using those switches to move little blocks from one box to the other. | Слева Джесси со старым протезом, он использует переключатели, чтобы перекладывать кубики из коробки в коробку. | en-ru |
He's had that arm for about 20 months, so he's pretty good with it. | Hij heeft die arm al een maand of 20, dus hij is er goed in. | en-nl |
On the right side, two months after we fit him with his targeted reinnervation prosthesis -- which, by the way, is the same physical arm, just programmed a little different -- you can see that he's much faster and much smoother as he moves these little blocks. | A la derecha, dos meses después de ajustarle la prótesis de reinervación inducida; que, dicho de paso, es el mismo brazo físico, aunque programado un poco diferente; se ve mucho más rápido y más suave al pasar esos pequeños bloques. | en-es |
And we're only able to use three of the signals at this time. | Και μπορούσαμε να χρησιμοποιούμε μόνο τρία από τα σήματα εκείνη τη στιγμή. | en-el |
Then we had one of those little surprises in science. | I onda se desilo jedno od onih malih iznenadjenja u nauci. | en-sr |
So we're all motivated to get motor commands to drive robotic arms. | Όλοι βρήκαμε το κίνητρο να παίρνουμε μηχανοκίνητες εντολές για να καθοδηγούμε ρομποτικά χέρια. | en-el |
And after a few months, you touch Jesse on his chest, and he felt his missing hand. | Şi după câteva luni, când l-am atins pe Jesse pe piept, şi-a simţit mâna lipsă. | en-ro |
His hand sensation grew into his chest again probably because we had also taken away a lot of fat, so the skin was right down to the muscle and deinnervated, if you would, his skin. | La sensación de la mano volvió a su pecho probablemente porque habíamos retirado una cantidad de grasa, de modo que la piel estaba pegada al músculo y desnervó, si se quiere, su piel. | en-es |
So you touch Jesse here, he feels his thumb; you touch it here, he feels his pinky. | E così se Jesse viene toccato in questo punto, riesce a sentire il pollice, e qui il mignolo. | en-it |
He feels light touch down to one gram of force. | 他可以感受到从轻轻触碰 到大概一克重量的触碰 | en-zh-cn |
He feels hot, cold, sharp, dull, all in his missing hand, or both his hand and his chest, but he can attend to either. | Он чувствует горячее, холодное, острое, тупое, будто бы ладонью или сразу ладонью и грудью, он может выбрать, к каким ощущениям прислушаться. | en-ru |
So this is really exciting for us, because now we have a portal, a portal, or a way to potentially give back sensation, so that he might feel what he touches with his prosthetic hand. | 這實在是令我們精神為之一振 因為我們開創了先機 或者說，開發了恢復知覺的潛力 他才能用義肢 重拾觸覺 | en-zh-tw |
Imagine sensors in the hand coming up and pressing on this new hand skin. | 想像手中的傳感器 傳遞到這新的手皮膚部位 | en-zh-tw |
So it was very exciting. | Ήταν πολύ συναρπαστικό. | en-el |
We've also gone on with what was initially our primary population of people with above-the-elbow amputations. | Também avançamos com o que era inicialmente nossa população primária de pessoas com amputações acima do cotovelo. | en-pt-br |
And here we deinnervate, or cut the nerve away, just from little segments of muscle and leave others alone that give us our up-down signals and two others that will give us a hand open and close signal. | А тук деинервираме, или изрязваме нерва, само от малка част от мускула и оставяме другите части незасегнати, която ни дава сигнали за нагоре и надолу и две други които ще ни дават сигнали за отваряне и затваряне на ръката. | en-bg |
This was one of our first patients, Chris. | Ecco uno dei nostri primi pazienti, Chris. | en-it |
You see him with his original device on the left there after eight months of use, and on the right, it is two months. | Je ziet hem met zijn oorspronkelijke toestel links, na acht maanden gebruik, en rechts na twee maanden. | en-nl |
He's about four or five times as fast with this simple little performance metric. | Jest cztery czy pięć razy szybszy, co widzimy w tym prostym teście. | en-pl |
So one of the best parts of my job is working with really great patients who are also our research collaborators. | ส่วนหนึ่งที่ดีที่สุดในอาชีพของผม คือการได้ทำงานกับคนไข้ที่ยอดเยี่ยม ผู้ซึ่งเป็นร่วมงานวิจัยกับเรา | en-th |
And we're fortunate today to have Amanda Kitts come and join us. | 我們今天很幸運 能邀請艾曼達基茨來加入我們 | en-zh-tw |
Please welcome Amanda Kitts. | ช่วยต้อนรับ อแมนดา คิตส์ หน่อยครับ | en-th |
(Applause) So Amanda, would you please tell us how you lost your arm? | (拍手) アマンダ どうして腕を失ったのですか？ | en-ja |
Amanda Kitts: Sure. In 2006, I had a car accident. | Amanda Kitts: Claro. Em 2006, eu tive um acidente de carro. | en-pt-br |
And I was driving home from work, and a truck was coming the opposite direction, came over into my lane, ran over the top of my car and his axle tore my arm off. | Conduceam spre casă de la serviciu, și un camion venea din direcția opusă, a intrat pe sensul meu, a trecut peste mașina mea și axul camionului mi-a rupt brațul. | en-ro |
Todd Kuiken: Okay, so after your amputation, you healed up. | 陶德 奎肯：好，那您截肢後就復原了 | en-zh-tw |
And you've got one of these conventional arms. | И са ти дали една от тези конвенционални протези. | en-bg |
Can you tell us how it worked? | Powiesz nam jak działała? | en-pl |
AK: Well, it was a little difficult, because all I had to work with was a bicep and a tricep. | أ.ك. : حسناً ، كانت صعبةً نوعاً ما. إذ كان علي العمل بجهد مع عضلتي المرفق. | en-ar |
So for the simple little things like picking something up, I would have to bend my elbow, and then I would have to cocontract to get it to change modes. | Żeby wykonać prostą czynność, jak podniesienie czegoś, musiałam zgiąć rękę w łokciu, następnie napiąć mięsień, żeby zmienił się tryb działania. | en-pl |
When I did that, I had to use my bicep to get the hand to close, use my tricep to get it to open, cocontract again to get the elbow to work again. | Kiedy to zrobiłam, musiałam użyć bicepsa, żeby zamknąć dłoń, potem tricepsa, żeby ją otworzyć, znów napiąć mięsień, żeby zgiąć rękę w łokciu. | en-pl |
TK: So it was a little slow? | ทอดด์: มันถึงได้ช้าหรือครับ? | en-th |
AK: A little slow, and it was just hard to work. | อแมนดา: ช้านิดหนึ่งค่ะ และมันค่อนข้างยากที่จะใช้งาน | en-th |
You had to concentrate a whole lot. | كان علي التركيز أكثر. | en-ar |
TK: Okay, so I think about nine months later that you had the targeted reinnervation surgery, took six more months to have all the reinnervation. | TK: 오케이. 표적근육 신경재지배 수술을 한 후 모든 신경이 다 제대로 작동할 때 까지 6개월이 또 걸렸지요. | en-ko |
Then we fit her with a prosthesis. | そして改めて作った義手は | en-ja |
And how did that work for you? | 그것이 잘 작동했나요? | en-ko |
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