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Many scientists, in fields ranging from genetics to string theory, have tried to start science wikis along very similar lines. | Науковці з найрізноманітніших галузей, від генетики до теорії струн, намагались так само започаткувати наукові ресурси за принципом Вікі, | en-uk |
And typically, they've failed for essentially the same reason. | И, как правило, они проваливались по этой же причине. | en-ru |
It's not just science wikis, either. | Il n'y a pas que les wikis scientifiques. | en-fr |
Inspired by Facebook, many organizations have tried to create social networks for scientists, which will connect scientists to other people with similar interests. | 因為臉書的靈感， 許多組織試著要 為科學家創建社交網路， 將科學家和其他有類似 興趣的人連結在一起。 | en-zh-tw |
So they can share things like data or code, their ideas and so on. | 这样，他们就能分享 数据或代码，以及想法等等。 | en-zh-cn |
Again, it sounds like a good idea. | يبدو وكأنها فكرة جيدة. | en-ar |
But if you join one of these sites, you'll quickly discover that they're essentially empty. | 但是，一旦加入这些网站， 你很快会发现内容大体上很空洞。 | en-zh-cn |
They're virtual ghost towns. | По-суті, це мережі-привиди. | en-uk |
So what's going on? What's the problem here? | Тож чому так вийшло? В чому тут проблема? | en-uk |
Why are these promising sites failing? | Pourquoi ces sites prometteurs échouent-ils ? | en-fr |
Well, imagine that you're an ambitious young scientist. | خب، تصور کنید دانشمند جوان بلندپروازی هستید. | en-fa |
In fact, I know some of you here are ambitious young scientists. | در حقیقت، میدانم برخی از شما دانشمندان جوان بلندپرواز هستید. | en-fa |
Imagine you're an ambitious young scientist. | تخيل أنك عالم شاب طموح. | en-ar |
You really would like to get a job -- a permanent job, a good job -- doing the work that you love. | Vous aimeriez obtenir un emploi -- un emploi permanent, un bon emploi -- pour faire ce que vous aimez. | en-fr |
But it's incredibly competitive to get such jobs. | اما برای یافتن همچین شغلی رقابتها، باورنکردنی است. | en-fa |
Often, there'll be hundreds of very highly qualified applicants for positions. | اغلب، صدها متقاضی واجد شرایط برای همچین جایگاههایی وجود دارند. | en-fa |
And so you find yourself working 60, 70, 80 hours a week, doing the one thing that you know will get you such a job, and that is writing scientific papers. | Ott találjuk magunkat, hogy heti 60–70–80 órát dolgozunk, egy dolgot csinálunk, amelyről tudjuk, hogy elvezet az áhított álláshoz: ez pedig tudományos cikkek írása. | en-hu |
You may think that the Qwiki is a wonderful idea in principle, but you also know that writing a single mediocre paper will do much more for your career and your job prospects than a long series of brilliant contributions to such a site. | شما ممکن است فکر کنید در اصل Qwiki ایده جالبی است اما شما این هم میدانید که نوشتن یک مقاله متوسط برای آینده شغلی شما فایده بسیار بیشتری خواهد داشت از سری طولانی مشارکت عالی در همچین سایتی. | en-fa |
So even though you may like the idea and you may think it will advance science more quickly, you find you just can't conceive of it as being part of your job. | 所以，即使你喜歡那個點子， 你可能認為它能夠 幫助科學快速進步， 你卻無法想像把它納入 成為你工作的一部分。 | en-zh-tw |
The only things which can succeed in this kind of environment are projects like the Polymath Project, which, even though they employ an unconventional means to an end, they have an essential conservatism about them. | สิ่งเดียวที่จะสามารถประสบความสำเร็จ ได้ในสิ่งแวดล้อมแบบนี้ คือโครงการแบบโครงการผู้เชี่ยวชาญ แม้ว่าพวกมันจะใช้วิธีการที่แตกต่างไป ให้บรรลุซึ่งเป้าหมาย พวกมันก็ยังมีส่วน ที่เป็นไปตามธรรมเนียมเดิมอยู่ | en-th |
The end product of the Polymath Project was still a scientific paper. | El producto final del Proyecto Polymath era un artículo científico. | en-es |
In fact, it was several papers. Right? | Több cikk. | en-hu |
So unconventional means, but conventional ends. | Правда? То есть нетрадиционные методы, но традиционное завершение. | en-ru |
So there's a kind of conservatism about it. | אז יש סוג של שמרנות סביב זה. | en-he |
And don't get me wrong -- the Polymath Project is terrific, but it is a pity that scientists can only use tools which have this kind of conservative nature. | فکر نکنید اشتباه میکنم، پروژه جامعالعلوم فوقالعاده است، اما موضوع این است که دانشمندان فقط از ابزارهایی استفاده میکنند که همین طبیعت محافظهکارانه را دارند. | en-fa |
So let me tell you a story about an instance where we moved away from this conservatism. | لذا دعوني أخبركم قصة عن حالة ابتعدنا فيها عن هذا التيار المقاوم للتغيير والمحافظ | en-ar |
It's a rare story where the conservatism has been broken. | C'est une histoire rare où le conservatisme a été dépassé. | en-fr |
It occurred in the 1990s, when, as you know, for the first time, biologists were taking large amounts of genetic data to collect in the Human Genome Project. | Ocurrió en la década de 1990, cuando, como saben, por primera vez, los biólogos toman grandes cantidades de datos genéticos para reunirlos en el Proyecto del Genoma Humano. | en-es |
And there were sites online which would allow biologists to upload that data so it could be shared with other people around the world and analyzed by other people. | Léteztek Internetes oldalak, amelyekre biológusok adatokat tölthettek föl, s így a világ más kutatóival is megismertethették őket; mások is elemezhették az adatokat. | en-hu |
Probably the best known of these is the site GenBank, which some of you may have heard of or used. | Közülük talán a GenBank a legismertebb, melyről önök is hallhattak, vagy akár használhatták is. | en-hu |
And these sites, like GenBank, had the problem in common with Qwiki that scientists -- they're not paid or rewarded for sharing their data. | У таких сайтов, как GenBank, была одна общая проблема с Квики — учёным не платили и никак иначе не поощряли их за распространение информации. | en-ru |
It's all about publishing papers. | Il est question de publications scientifiques. | en-fr |
So there was a considerable reluctance to actually upload the data. | Jelentős kelletlenséget tapasztaltunk az adatok föltöltését illetően. | en-hu |
Yet, everybody could see that this was silly -- it was obvious that this was the right thing to do. | ועדיין, כולם יכלו לראות שזה טיפשי -- זה היה ברור שזה היה הדבר הנכון לעשותו. | en-he |
But just because it was obvious didn't mean that people were actually doing it. | Mas, mesmo sendo óbvio, as pessoas continuavam não compartilhando. | en-pt-br |
So a meeting was convened in Bermuda in 1996 of many of the world's leading molecular biologists. | 因此，1996年在百慕大召开了一个会议， 与会的都是世界上顶级的分子生物学家。 | en-zh-cn |
And they sat and they discussed the problem for several days, and they came up with what are now called the Bermuda Principles, which state that: first, once human genetic data is taken in the lab, it should be immediately uploaded to a site like GenBank; and two, that the data would be in the public domain. | Они собрались и обсуждали эту проблему несколько дней и в итоге создали то, что мы сейчас называем Бермудские принципы, которые гласят: во-первых, как только генетическая информация была взята в лаборатории, она должна немедленно загружаться на сайт, подобный GenBank; во-вторых, информация будет в открытом доступе. | en-ru |
And these principles were given teeth, because they were taken by the big scientific grant agencies -- the US National Institutes of Health, the UK Wellcome Trust -- and actually baked into policy. | Ці принципи здобули суттєву підтримку, адже були прийняті великими центрами фінансування досліджень – Національним інститутом охорони здоров'я в США і "Велком траст" у Британії – тож ці принципи вдалось реалізувати. | en-uk |
So it meant that if you were a scientist who wanted to work on the human genome, you had to agree to abide by these principles. | Si vous étiez un scientifique voulant travailler sur le génome humain, vous deviez accepter de respecter ces accords. | en-fr |
And today, I'm very pleased to say, as a result, you can go online -- anybody here -- and download the human genome. | Ma már örömmel mondhatom, hogy ezek eredményeként ha bárki rámegy az internetre, letöltheti az emberi genomot. | en-hu |
So that's a terrific story. | Esta história é fantástica. | en-pt |
But the human genome is just a tiny, tiny fraction of all scientific knowledge. | 但是，人类基因组只是全部科学知识中， 一个非常非常小的部分。 | en-zh-cn |
Even just in other parts of genetics, there is so much knowledge that is still locked up. | 유전학의 다른 부분만 봐도 여전히 공유되지 않은 지식이 아주 많습니다. | en-ko |
I spoke with one bioinformatician who told me that he'd been "sitting on the genome of an entire species for more than a year." | با یک متخصص بیوانفورماتیک صحبت کردم که میگفت "روی ژنوم یک گونه کامل بیش از یک سال کار کرده است." | en-fa |
An entire species. | 这里说的是，一整个物种。 | en-zh-cn |
And in other parts of science, it is routine that scientists hoard their data. | สำหรับส่วนอื่น ๆ ของวิทยาศาสตร์ มันยังคงเป็นกิจวัตรของนักวิทยาศาสตร์ ที่กักตุนข้อมูล | en-th |
They hoard the computer code that they write that could be useful, potentially, to other people. | Acumulan el código de programación que escriben que podría ser útil, potencialmente, para otros. | en-es |
They hoard their best ideas. | 他們貯藏他們最好的點子。 | en-zh-tw |
And they often hoard even the descriptions of the problems that they think are most interesting. | وغالبًا ما يخزنون حتى أوصاف للمشكلات التي يعتقدون أنها الأكثر أهمية. | en-ar |
And so, what I and other people in the Open Science movement would like to do is, we'd like to change this situation. | וכך, מה שאני ואחרים בתנועת המדע הפתוח רוצים לעשות זה, היינו רוצים לשנות את המצב הזה. | en-he |
We would like to change the culture of science so that scientists become much more strongly motivated to share all of these different kinds of knowledge. | Мы хотели бы поменять культуру науки, чтобы у учёных была мотивация делиться всеми видами знаний. | en-ru |
We want to change the values of individual scientists so they start to see it as part of their job to be sharing their data, to be sharing their code, to be sharing their best ideas and their problems. | אנחנו רוצים לשנות את הערכים של המדענים כך שיתחילו לראות את זה כחלק מעבודתם, לחלוק את המידע שבידיהם, את הקודים שלהם, לחלוק את הרעיונות הטובים ביותר שלהם ואת הבעיות שלהם. | en-he |
So, if we can do this, this kind of change in values, then we will indeed start to see individual scientists rewarded for doing these things; there will be incentives to do them. | 所以，如果我们能做到， 推动这类价值观的变化， 那么我们就会切实地开始看到 科学家因为他们的分享行动 将纷纷获得奖励； 他们就会有动力去分享。 | en-zh-cn |
It's a difficult thing to do, however. | Mas é uma coisa difícil de fazer. | en-pt |
We're talking about changing the culture of entire large parts of science. | 우린 과학 전체의 큰 부분에 대해 그 문화를 바꾸는 얘기를 하고 있지만 | en-ko |
But it has happened before once in history, right back at the dawn of science. | 但在歷史上曾經發生過一次， 就在科學剛開始的時候。 | en-zh-tw |
Galileo, 1609: he points his telescope up at the sky towards Saturn, and he sees for the first time in history what we now know are the rings of Saturn. | Galileo en 1609 apunta su telescopio hacia el cielo hacia Saturno, y ve por primera vez en la historia lo que ahora sabemos son los anillos de Saturno. | en-es |
Does he tell everybody in the world? | 그는 이걸 세상 누구에게 얘기했을까요? | en-ko |
No, he doesn't do that. | Não, ele não faz isso. | en-pt-br |
He writes down a description, privately, and then he scrambles the letters in the description into an anagram, and he sends that anagram to several of his astronomer rivals. | Escreve uma descrição, em privado e, depois, baralha as letras na descrição, num anagrama e envia esse anagrama a vários dos astrónomos, seus rivais. | en-pt |
(Laughter) And what this ensures is that, if they later make the same discovery, he can reveal the anagram and get the credit, but in the meantime, he hasn't given up any knowledge at all. | (Nevetés) Ezzel bebiztosította, hogy ha a többiek később ugyanazt fölfedeznék, fölfedve az anagrammát, övé lesz a pálma, de közben semmit sem árult el tudásából. | en-hu |
And I'm sad to say that he was not uncommon at the time: Newton, Huygens, Hooke, Leonardo -- they all used similar devices. | Sajnos, akkoriban ezzel nem állt egyedül: Newton, Huygens, Hooke, Leonardo mind ilyen eszközökkel élt. | en-hu |
The printing press had been around for 150 years by this time. | La imprenta había existido durante 150 años en este momento. | en-es |
And yet, there was a great battle in the 17th and 18th centuries to change the culture of science, so that it became expected that when a scientist made a discovery, they would reveal it in a journal. | И всё же в XVII-XVIII веках шла напряжённая борьба за то, чтобы изменить культуру науки так, чтобы обычной практикой стало то, что учёный делает открытие и сообщает о нём в журнале. | en-ru |
Now, that's great that that change has happened. It's terrific. | עכשיו, זה נהדר שהשינוי הזה אכן קרה, זה מעולה. | en-he |
But today, we have new technologies, we have new opportunities to share our knowledge in new ways and the ability to create tools that actually allow us to solve problems in entirely new ways. | 하지만 지금 우리에겐 새로운 기술이 있고 지식을 새로운 방식으로 서로 나눌 새로운 기회가 있고 문제를 완벽히 새로운 방식으로 해결할 도구를 만들 수 있는 능력도 있어요. | en-ko |
So we need to have a second open science revolution. | پس ما نیاز داریم انقلاب دوم دانش باز را ترتیب دهیم. | en-fa |
It is my belief that any publicly funded science should be open science. | 어떤 과학이건 공공 기금을 받았다면 공개해야 한다는 게 제 신념입니다. | en-ko |
How can we achieve this change? | ¿Cómo podemos lograr este cambio? | en-es |
Well, if you're a scientist -- and I know many of you are not scientists, but if you are a scientist, then there are things that you can do. | ครับ ถ้าคุณเป็นนักวิทยาศาสตร์ แม้ว่าพวกคุณหลายคนจะไม่ใช่ แต่ถ้าคุณเป็นนักวิทยาศาสตร์ มีหลายสิ่งทีเดียวที่คุณทำได้ | en-th |
You can get involved in an open science project, even if it's just for a small fraction of your time. | Ви можете долучитись до проекту, розробленого в межах відкритої науки, навіть якщо ви цьому можете присвятити лише крихту свого часу. | en-uk |
You can find forums online where you can share your knowledge in new ways, ways that allow other people to build on that knowledge. | אתה יכול למצוא פורומים אינטרנטיים בהם תוכל לחלוק את הידע שלך בדרכים חדשות, דרכים שיאפשרו לאנשים אחרים לבנות על הידע הזה. | en-he |
You can also, if you're more ambitious, start an open science project of your own. | Ha nagyobb a lelkesedésünk, belevághatunk saját nyílt tudomány projektünkbe. | en-hu |
If you're really bold, you may wish to experiment with entirely new ways of collaborating, in much the same way as the Polymath Project did. | Se siete davvero coraggiosi, potreste voler sperimentare modi completamente nuovi di collaborazione, come il Polymath Project. | en-it |
But above all, what you should do is be very generous in giving credit to those of your colleagues who are practicing science in the open and to promote their work. | 但，最重要的，你應該要做的是 要很大方把功勞給予 你那些公開做科學的同事們， 並發揚他們的成果。 | en-zh-tw |
It is only conservative scientific values that look down on these activities -- the sharing of data, the blogging, or using of wikis and so on. | มีเพียงค่านิยมทางวิทยาศาสตร์แบบเก่า ที่ดูแคลนการกระทำเหล่านี้ การแบ่งปันข้อมูล การเขียนบล็อก หรือการใช้วิกิ และอื่น ๆ | en-th |
You can reject those conservative values and engage your scientific colleagues in conversation to promote the value of these new ways of working, to emphasize that it takes bravery to do these things, particularly by young scientists. | 你可以摈弃这些保守的价值观， 并让你的科学界同事们共同参与对话， 促进这些新工作方式所倡导的价值观， 强调做这些事情需要勇气， 特别是对于年轻的科学家们。 | en-zh-cn |
It's through such conversation that the culture of science can be changed. | من خلال تلك المحادثة فإن ثقافة العلم يمكن أن تتغير. | en-ar |
So if you are not a scientist, there are also things that you can do. | אז אם אתה אינך מדען, ישנם גם דברים שאתה יכול לעשות. | en-he |
My belief is that the single most important thing that we can do to give impetus to open science is to create a general awareness amongst the population of the issue of open science and of its critical importance. | Meggyőződésem, hogy legfontosabb teendőnk lendületet adni a nyílt tudománynak, hogy a laikusok között is ismert legyen a nyílt tudomány ügye és kiemelt jelentősége. | en-hu |
If there is that general awareness, then the scientific community will inevitably find -- it will be dragged by the population at large in the right direction. | Se houver essa consciência geral, a comunidade científica será, inevitavelmente, orientada pela população na direção certa. | en-pt-br |
There are simple things you can do. | Você pode fazer coisas simples. | en-pt-br |
You can talk to your friends and acquaintances who are scientists and just ask them what are they doing to work more openly. | Якщо серед ваших знайомих чи друзів є науковці, спробуйте їх запитати, як вони могли б зробити свою роботу відкритішою. | en-uk |
Or you can use your imagination and your personal power to raise awareness in other ways. | أو يمكنك استخدام خيالك وقوتك الشخصية لزيادة الوعي بطرق أخرى. | en-ar |
We're talking about changing not just what scientists do but what grant agencies do, what universities do and what governments do. | Hablamos de cambiar no solo lo que hacen los científicos, sino las agencias de subvenciones, las universidades y lo qué hacen los gobiernos. | en-es |
And you can influence all of those things. | І можна впливати на будь-які з названих інституцій. | en-uk |
Our society faces a fundamental question: What kinds of knowledge are we going to expect and incentivize our scientists to share? | החברה שלנו עומדת בפני שאלה מהותית: איזה סוגים של ידע אנחנו מצפים ומתמרצים את המדענים שלנו שיחלקו? | en-he |
Will we continue as we have done in the past? | Продолжим ли мы то, что сделали в прошлом? | en-ru |
Or will we embrace new kinds of sharing, which lead to new methods for solving problems and an acceleration in the process of science, entirely across the board? | หรือจะอ้าแขนรับการแบ่งปันวิธีใหม่ ซึ่งจะนำไปสู่วิธีการใหม่ ในการหาคำตอบ ในการส่งเสริมกระบวนการทางวิทยาศาสตร์ ไปทั่วทั้งวงการ | en-th |
My hope is that we will embrace open science and really seize this opportunity that we have to reinvent discovery itself. | J'espère que nous adopterons la science ouverte et saisirons cette opportunité de réinventer la découverte. | en-fr |
Thank you. (Applause) | 감사합니다. (박수) | en-ko |
(Guitar music starts) I've been looking Several days now Where did they go? | （ギター演奏） 探し始めて もう何日にもなる どこに行ったの？ | en-ja |
Where did they go? | どこに行ったんだろう？ | en-ja |
My mama told me long ago I've lost so many precious things, I know They won't be back Where did they go? | Annem bana uzun zaman önce söylemişti Çok değerli şeylerimi kaybettim,biliyorum. Onlar geri gelmeyecek Nereye gittiler? | en-tr |
My mama told me long ago Ain't nobody's ever gonna tell me to abandon my old friend Happy days, walking on the shore Happy days, walking on the shore Happy days, walking on the shore Ain't nobody's ever gonna tell me to abandon my good memories at all I've seen so many pretty things They don't mean a thing now Listen to the song My mama told me long ago Ain't nobody's ever gonna tell me to doubt my good old days Happy days, walking on the shore Happy days, walking on the shore Happy days, walking on the shore Ain't nobody's ever gonna tell me to abandon my good memories at all Abandon my good memories at all Abandon my good memories at all (Music ends) (Applause) Thank you. | Mẹ nói với tôi ngày trước Chẳng ai nói với tôi rằng tôi nên bỏ rơi bạn bè. Những ngày hạnh phúc, rảo bước trên bờ biển Những ngày hạnh phúc, rảo bước trên bờ biển Những ngày hạnh phúc, rảo bước trên bờ biển Chẳng có ai nói với tôi rằng tôi nên bỏ đi những kí ức đẹp Tôi đã nhìn thấy rất nhiều thứ đẹp đẽ Nhưng giờ đây, chúng chẳng còn ý nghĩa. Lắng nghe một bài hát. Mẹ đã nói với tôi ngày trước Chẳng ai nói với tôi rằng tôi nên nghi ngờ những ngày xưa cũ Những ngày hạnh phúc, rảo bước trên bờ biển Những ngày hạnh phúc, rảo bước trên bờ biển Những ngày hạnh phúc, rảo bước trên bờ biển Chẳng có ai nói với tôi rằng tôi nên bỏ rơi những kí ức đẹp bỏ rơi những kí ức đẹp bỏ rơi những kí ức đẹp (Nhạc kết thúc) (Tiếng vỗ tay) Cảm ơn các bạn. | en-vi |
(Applause) Thank you for giving me the opportunity to perform tonight at TED New York. | （拍手） TED New York で 演奏する機会をありがとうございます | en-ja |
I've been a dedicated TED fan and viewer, and also, I actually used to live in Manhattan when I was younger, so New York is like a second home to me, and it's great to be back. | Tôi là một fan và là một khán giả lâu năm của TED, và tôi đã từng sống ở Manhattan khi còn nhỏ, New York như là ngôi nhà thứ hai với tôi, cảm giác được quay trở lại thật là tuyệt. | en-vi |
The song I just performed was called "my mama," and the next song I'm going to perform is another original song of mine called "BLACK BANANA." | Песня, которую я сейчас спела, называется «Моя мама», а следующей песней, которую я исполню, будет ещё одна моя авторская песня под названием «Чёрный банан». | en-ru |
This song I wrote about the importance of being patient with your dreams. | Ово је песма коју сам написала о томе колико је важно да сте стрпљиви када се ради о вашим сновима. | en-sr |
Because I think commitment will always be rewarded. | 저는 노력이 항상 보상을 가져다준다고 믿고 있습니다. | en-ko |
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