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And he was reading it in their library in the Far East. | Dia membacanya di perpustakaan di Timur jauh. | en-id |
And he was so inspired by this article, it kind of directed the rest of his life. | Tak go ten artykuł zainspirował, że zmienił resztę jego życia. | en-pl |
And by the mid-60s, he was able to put this into action when he worked at the Stanford Research Lab in California. | A mediados de los 60, pudo hacerlo realidad cuando trabajaba en el Stanford Research Lab en California. | en-es |
He built a system. | Criou um sistema. | en-pt |
The system was designed to augment human intelligence, it was called. | 人知を高めるためのシステムと言われています | en-ja |
And in a premonition of today's world of cloud computing and softwares of service, his system was called NLS for oN-Line System. | Günümüzün Bulut Bilgisayar (Cloud computing) ve Servis Yazılımlarını sezmişçesine sisteme oN-Line System den esinlenerek NLS ismi verildi. | en-tr |
And this is Doug Engelbart. | Inilah Doug Engelbart. | en-id |
He was giving a presentation at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in 1968. | Robił prezentacje na Jesiennej Konferencji Połączonych Komputerów w 1968 roku. | en-pl |
What he showed -- he sat on a stage like this, and he demonstrated this system. | 그는 무대에 앉아서 이 시스템을 시연하는 것을 보여주었습니다 | en-ko |
He had his head mic like I've got. | او میکروفن را مانند من روی سر خود گذاشت.. | en-fa |
And he works this system. | E demonstra este sistema. | en-pt |
And you can see, he's working between documents and graphics and so forth. | 各位可以看到，他在各種文件 和圖表之間切換作業。 | en-zh-tw |
And he's driving it all with this platform here, with a five-finger keyboard and the world's first computer mouse, which he specially designed in order to do this system. | 그리고 그는 이 모든 것을 여기 이 다섯 손가락의 키보드와 이 시스템을 운용하기 위해 특별히 고안된 세계 최초의 마우스로 이루어진 장치로 작동시키고 있습니다 | en-ko |
So this is where the mouse came from as well. | Foi daqui que surgiu o rato. | en-pt |
So this is Doug Engelbart. | Este era Doug Engelbart. | en-es |
The trouble with Doug Engelbart's system was that the computers in those days cost several million pounds. | Problemet med Doug Engelbarts system var at computere dengang kostede flere millioner pund, | en-da |
So for a personal computer, a few million pounds was like having a personal jet plane; it wasn't really very practical. | コンピュータを買うことは ジェット機を買うようなもので 全く実用的でなかったのです | en-ja |
But spin on to the 80s when personal computers did arrive, then there was room for this kind of system on personal computers. | De ugorjunk előre a '80-as évekre, amikor befutottak a személyi számítógépek, és volt hely egy ilyen rendszer számára egy személyi számítógépen. | en-hu |
And my company, OWL built a system called Guide for the Apple Macintosh. | И моята компания, АУЛ (бухал) изгради система, наречена Ръководство за Apple Macintosh. | en-bg |
And we delivered the world's first hypertext system. | וסיפקנו את מערכת ההיפרטקסט הראשונה בעולם. | en-he |
And this began to get a head of steam. | Isso começou a ganhar balanço. | en-pt |
Apple introduced a thing called HyperCard, and they made a bit of a fuss about it. | Компанія Apple представила HyperCard і зробила з цього сенсацію. | en-uk |
They had a 12-page supplement in the Wall Street Journal the day it launched. | Imali su dodatak od 12 stranica u Wall Street Journalu na dan izlaska. | en-hr |
The magazines started to cover it. | Τα περιοδικά άρχισαν να γράφουν γι΄αυτό. | en-el |
Byte magazine and Communications at the ACM had special issues covering hypertext. | Byte雜誌和國際資訊學術協會(ACM)的通信情報刊物 也針對超文本進行了特別專題報導。 | en-zh-tw |
We developed a PC version of this product as well as the Macintosh version. | 我们开发了这种产品的个人电脑版本 和麦金塔版本。 | en-zh-cn |
And our PC version became quite mature. | Vores PC version blev ret moden, | en-da |
These are some examples of this system in action in the late 80s. | Voici quelques exemples de ce système en marche vers la fin des années ’80. | en-fr |
You were able to deliver documents, were able to do it over networks. | Mogli ste isporučiti dokumente, mogli ste to učiniti preko mreže. | en-hr |
We developed a system such that it had a markup language based on html. | Ние разработихме система, която имаше език за маркиране базиран на HTML. | en-bg |
We called it hml: hypertext markup language. | Нарекохме го HML: Hypertext Markup Language. | en-bg |
And the system was capable of doing very, very large documentation systems over computer networks. | Et le système était capable de créer des systèmes de documentation très, très vastes en réseaux d’ordinateurs. | en-fr |
So I took this system to a trade show in Versailles near Paris in late November 1990. | Tak som na konci novembra roku 1990 vzal tento systém na veľtrh do Versailles blízko Paríža. | en-sk |
And I was approached by a nice young man called Tim Berners-Lee who said, "Are you Ian Ritchie?" and I said, "Yeah." | Ik werd benaderd door een aardige jongeman, Tim Berners-Lee die zei: "Ben jij Ian Ritchie?" | en-nl |
And he said, "I need to talk to you." | Dia berkata, "Saya perlu berbicara denganmu." | en-id |
And he told me about his proposed system called the World Wide Web. | Opowiedział mi o swojej propozycji systemu World Wide Web. | en-pl |
And I thought, well, that's got a pretentious name, especially since the whole system ran on his computer in his office. | Ich dachte, nun das ist ein pompöser Name, besonders, weil das ganze System über den Computer in seinem Büro lief. | en-de |
But he was completely convinced that his World Wide Web would take over the world one day. | Kendisi World Wide Web dediği şeyin tüm dünyayı saracağına tamamen inanmıştı. | en-tr |
And he tried to persuade me to write the browser for it, because his system didn't have any graphics or fonts or layout or anything; it was just plain text. | И он хотел уговорить меня написать для неё браузер, ведь в его системе не было графики, шрифтов, разметки и всего такого — там был только текст. | en-ru |
I thought, well, you know, interesting, but a guy from CERN, he's not going to do this. | Pomyslel som si, nuž, viete, zaujímavé, ale chlapík z CERNu, nepodarí sa mu to. | en-sk |
So we didn't do it. | Dus we deden het niet. | en-nl |
In the next couple of years, the hypertext community didn't recognize him either. | A következő néhány évben a hiperszöveg közösség sem ismerte el őt. | en-hu |
In 1992, his paper was rejected for the Hypertext Conference. | 1992 میں، اس کا مقالہ ہایپر ٹیکسٹ کانفرنس کے لئے مسترد کر دیا گیا تھا. | en-ur |
In 1993, there was a table at the conference in Seattle, and a guy called Marc Andreessen was demonstrating his little browser for the World Wide Web. | Em 1993, havia uma mesa na conferência na cidade de Seattle, e um rapaz chamado Marc Andreessen, estava a demonstrar um navegador para o World Wide Web. | en-pt |
And I saw it, and I thought, yep, that's it. | Megláttam ezt, és azt gondoltam, igen, ez az. | en-hu |
And the very next year, in 1994, we had the conference here in Edinburgh, and I had no opposition in having Tim Berners-Lee as the keynote speaker. | În anul imediat următor, 1994, am ținut conferinţa aici în Edinburgh, şi nu s-a opus nimeni să-l avem pe Tim Berners-Lee prezentator principal. | en-ro |
So that puts me in pretty illustrious company. | 덕분에 제 회사가 이름을 날리게 되었죠 | en-ko |
There was a guy called Dick Rowe who was at Decca Records and turned down The Beatles. | 以前在迪卡唱片 有個叫做Dick Rowe的傢伙，他拒絕了披頭四。 | en-zh-tw |
There was a guy called Gary Kildall who went flying his plane when IBM came looking for an operating system for the IBM PC, and he wasn't there, so they went back to see Bill Gates. | Un homme du nom de Gary Kildall qui partit voler avec son avion pendant qu’IBM cherchait un système d’exploitation pour les PC IBM, et il n’était pas là, ils se sont donc repliés sur Bill Gates. | en-fr |
And the 12 publishers who turned down J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter, I guess. | 12 uitgevers wezen Harry Potter van J.K. Rowling af, denk ik. | en-nl |
On the other hand, there's Marc Andreessen who wrote the world's first browser for the World Wide Web. | Ở một khía cạnh khác, chính Marc Andreessen là người đã viết nên trình duyệt đầu tiên cho World Wide Web. | en-vi |
And according to Fortune magazine, he's worth 700 million dollars. | Podle magazínu Fortune má jmění 700 milionů dolarů. | en-cs |
But is he happy? | لكن هل هو سعيد؟ | en-ar |
Well, good afternoon, everybody. | Итак, здравствуйте. | en-ru |
Thank you all very much for coming along today. | شكرًا لكم جميعًا لحضوركم اليوم. | en-ar |
I'd like to begin my talk with a story. | 강연을 시작하며 한 가지 이야기를 들려드리겠습니다. | en-ko |
It's a story that begins, but does not end, with a mathematician named Tim Gowers. | É uma história que começa mas não tem fim, com um matemático chamado Tim Gowers. | en-pt |
Gowers is one of the world's most renowned mathematicians. | Говерс – один із найуславленіших математиків. | en-uk |
He's a professor at Cambridge University and a recipient of the Fields Medal, often called the Nobel Prize of mathematics. | Він професор Кембриджського університету і лауреат премії Філдса, яку часто називають аналогом Нобелівської премії в математиці. | en-uk |
Gowers is also a blogger, and in January of 2009, he used his blog to pose a very striking question: Is massively collaborative mathematics possible? | Ещё Гауэрс ведёт блог, и в январе 2009 года он поднял в блоге поразительный вопрос: возможно ли массовое сотрудничество в математике? | en-ru |
So what he was proposing in this post was to use his blog to attack a difficult unsolved mathematical problem -- a problem which he said he would "love to solve" -- completely in the open, using his blog to post his ideas and his partial progress. | لذا ما كان يقترحه في منشوره كان استخدام مدونته لمواجهة مشكلة رياضية صعبة، مشكلة قال أنه من دواعي سروره أن يحلها تمامًا في العلن، باستخدام مدونته لنشر أفكاره وتقدمه الجزئي. | en-ar |
What's more, he issued an open invitation, inviting anybody in the world who thought that they had an idea to contribute to post their idea in the comment section of the blog. | Además, hizo una invitación abierta, ofreciendo a cualquiera en el mundo que pensara que tenía una idea con la que contribuir para publicar su idea en la sección de comentarios del blog. | en-es |
His hope was that by combining the ideas of many minds, he could make easy work of his hard mathematical problem. | Sua esperança era combinar ideias de diversas mentes, facilitando a resolução do complexo problema matemático. | en-pt-br |
He called this experiment the Polymath Project. | 그는 이 실험을 "다중 수학 프로젝트"라고 불렀죠. | en-ko |
Well, the Polymath Project got off to a slow start. | “博学者项目”起步缓慢， | en-zh-cn |
In the first seven hours, nobody posted any comments. | 첫 일곱 시간 동안은 아무도 댓글을 달지 않았거든요. | en-ko |
But then, a mathematician from the University of British Columbia named Jozsef Solymosi posted a short comment. | Poi, un matematico dell'Università British Columbia, di nome Jozsef Solymosi, scrisse un breve commento. | en-it |
And this seemed to break the ice, because a few minutes later, a high school teacher named Jason Dyer posted a suggestion. | И таким образом лёд тронулся, потому что через несколько минут учитель средней школы по имени Джейсон Дайер выдвинул предположение. | en-ru |
And a few minutes after that, another mathematician named Terence Tao, also a Fields medalist, posted an idea. | E minutos depois disso, Terence Tao, outro matemático também galardoado com a medalha Fields, publicou uma ideia. | en-pt |
And things really started to move quickly at this point. | В тот момент процесс начал ускоряться. | en-ru |
Over the next 37 days, 27 different people would post 800 substantive comments containing 170,000 words. | За наступні 37 днів 27 різних користувачів загалом написали 800 змістовних коментарів, які в сумі містили 170 000 слів. | en-uk |
I was not a serious participant, but I was following along closely from the start, and it was just amazing. | من مشارکتکننده جدی نبودم ولی به دقت قضیه را دنبال میکردم از اول، و خیلی حیرتآور بود. | en-fa |
The speed with which an idea would be tentatively proposed and then really rapidly developed by other people and improved, sometimes discarded -- it was just amazing. | Скорость, с которой идея может предварительно предлагаться, а потом стремительно развиваться другими людьми, усовершенствоваться, а иногда отвергаться, — это просто невероятно. | en-ru |
Gowers described the process as being to ordinary research "as driving is to pushing a car." | Gowers a décrit le processus comme étant à la recherche ordinaire « ce que conduire était à pousser une voiture ». | en-fr |
(Laughter) At the end of the 37 days, Gowers used his blog to announce that they had solved the core problem; in fact, they had solved a harder generalization of the problem. | (Nevetés) A 37. nap végére Gowers a blogja útján tette közzé, hogy megoldották az alapkérdést; sőt, a probléma egy nehezebb általánosítását is. | en-hu |
The Polymath Project had succeeded. | El Proyecto Polymath tuvo éxito. | en-es |
So what the Polymath Project suggests, at least to me, is that we can use the internet to build tools that actually expand our ability to solve the most challenging intellectual problems. | История проекта Полимат наводит на мысль, по крайней мере меня, что мы можем использовать интернет для создания инструментов, что фактически расширяют наши способности решать самые трудные интеллектуальные задачи. | en-ru |
Or, to put it in another way: we can build tools which actively amplify our collective intelligence in much the same way as, for millennia, we've used physical tools to amplify our strength. | O per dirlo in un altro modo: possiamo creare strumenti che amplificano la nostra intelligenza collettiva così come, per millenni, abbiamo usato strumenti fisici per intensificare la nostra forza. | en-it |
So what I'd like to talk about today, or what I'd like to explore today, is what this means for science. | De lo que me gustaría hablar hoy, o lo que me gustaría explorar hoy, es lo que esto significa para la ciencia. | en-es |
It's much more important than just solving a single mathematical problem. | É muito mais significativo do que resolver um único problema matemático. | en-pt-br |
It means an expansion in the range of scientific problems we can hope to attack at all. | Significa una expansión en el rango de problemas científicos que podemos esperar atacar del todo. | en-es |
It means, potentially, an acceleration in the rate of scientific discovery. | Cela signifie, potentiellement, une accélération du taux de découvertes scientifiques. | en-fr |
It means a change in the way we construct knowledge itself. | Это говорит об изменениях того, как, собственно, создаются знания. | en-ru |
So, before I get too overexcited, however, I would like to talk about some of the challenges, some of the problems. | 그러니까 제가 너무 과도하게 흥분하기 전에 몇 가지 넘어야 할 장애물, 몇 가지 문제에 대해 알려드리겠습니다. | en-ko |
Particularly, I'd like to describe a failure of this approach. | Зокрема, я б хотів розповісти і про невдачу такого підходу. | en-uk |
It occurred in 2005, or started in 2005. | Он произошёл в 2005 году, вернее, начался в 2005 году. | en-ru |
A grad student at Caltech named John Stockton had a very good idea for what he called the "Quantum Wiki," or "Qwiki" for short. | Un étudiant universitaire de Caltech, John Stockton, a eu une très bonne idée pour ce qu'il a appelé « Quantum Wiki », ou « Qwiki ». | en-fr |
(Laughter) OK? It's a great idea. | (צחוק) אוקיי? זה רעיון אדיר. | en-he |
What he did with the Qwiki was -- the idea of the Qwiki was that it was going to be a great repository of human knowledge, much like Wikipedia. | Ce qu'il a fait avec le Qwiki -- l'idée du Qwiki était que cela allait être un grand recueil des connaissances humaines, comme Wikipédia. | en-fr |
But instead of being focused on general knowledge, it was going to be focused on specialist knowledge in quantum computing. | اما به جای تمرکز بر علوم عمومی، قرار بود بر دانش تخصصی محاسبات کوانتومی تمرکز کند. | en-fa |
It was going be kind of a supertextbook for the field, with information about all the latest research, about what the big open problems in the field were, people's speculation about how to solve the problems, and so on. | قرار بود به نوعی کتاب درسی فوقالعاده در این زمینه مبدل بشود، با اطلاعات در مورد همه آخرین تحقیقات، در مورد اینکه چه مسائل بزرگ حلنشدهای در این زمینه وجود داشتند، نظرات افراد در مورد چگونگی حل مسائل، و غیره. | en-fa |
Like Wikipedia, the intention was that it would be written by the users, in this case, by experts in quantum computing. | 의도는 위키피디아처럼 사용자들이 내용을 채우는 거였는데 이 경우 양자 연산의 전문가들이 되겠죠. | en-ko |
I was present at the conference at Caltech in 2005, when it was announced. | در کنفرانسی که در ۲۰۰۵ در کلتک، این موضوع اعلام شد، من حضور داشتم | en-fa |
And some of the people who I spoke to were very skeptical, but some of the people were very excited by the idea. | quando isto foi anunciado Algumas das pessoas com quem falei mostraram-se muito céticas, mas outras pessoas ficaram muito entusiasmadas com a ideia. | en-pt |
They were impressed by the implementation; they were impressed by the amount of initial seed material which had been put on the site; and most of all, they were excited by the vision. | พวกเขาประทับใจกับการประยุกต์ใช้นี้ พวกเขาประทับใจกับ ปริมาณของบทความตั้งต้น ซึ่งถูกนำไปบรรจุไว้ในที่นั้น และเหนือกว่าอะไรทั้งหมด พวกเขาตื่นเต้นกับวิศัยทัศน์นั้น | en-th |
But just because they were excited, didn't mean they wanted to take the time themselves to contribute. | Mas, lá porque estavam entusiasmadas isso não queria dizer que quisessem gastar tempo para contribuir. | en-pt |
They hoped that other people would do so. | Вони сподівались, що це зробить хтось інший. | en-uk |
And in the end, nobody, essentially, was really all that interested in contributing. | І зрештою виявилось, що по суті, ніхто не був по-справжньому зацікавлений брати в цьому участь. | en-uk |
If you look today, except in a few small corners, the Qwiki is essentially dead. | Si miran hoy, excepto en algunas esquinas pequeñas, el Qwiki está en principio muerto. | en-es |
And, sad to say, this is quite a common story. | Sajnos, általában így szokott történni. | en-hu |
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