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So in these circumstances, the children are using statistics to find out about the world, but after all, scientists also do experiments, and we wanted to see if children are doing experiments. | Bu koşullar altında çocuklar dünyayı anlamak için istatistik kullanıyorlar ama neticede bilim adamları aynı zamanda deney da yapar ve biz çocukların da yapıp yapmadığını öğrenmek istedik. | en-tr |
When children do experiments we call it "getting into everything" or else "playing." | Als kinderen experimenteren, noemen we het 'alles uitzoeken' of nog 'spelen'. | en-nl |
And there's been a bunch of interesting studies recently that have shown this playing around is really a kind of experimental research program. | وە لەم دوواییانەدا چەندین خوێندنەوەی سەرسوڕهێنەر هەبووە کە ئەم جۆرە یاریکردنە پیشان دەدەن وەکو پڕۆگرامێکی توێژینەوەی تاقیکاری وایە | en-ku |
Here's one from Cristine Legare's lab. | Aquí hay uno del laboratorio de Cristine Legare. | en-es |
What Cristine did was use our Blicket Detectors. | Cristina a utilizat detectoarele Blicket | en-ro |
And what she did was show children that yellow ones made it go and red ones didn't, and then she showed them an anomaly. | Dan apa yang dilakukannya adalah menunjukkan ke anak-anak bahwa yang kuning membuatnya bekerja dan yang merah tidak, dan ia menunjukkan mereka sebuah anomali. | en-id |
And what you'll see is that this little boy will go through five hypotheses in the space of two minutes. | A uvidíte, že tento klučina si ověří pět hypotéz v průběhu dvou minut. | en-cs |
(Video) Boy: How about this? | (Video) Dečak: A ovako? | en-sr |
Same as the other side. | Същото като от другата страна. | en-bg |
Alison Gopnik: Okay, so his first hypothesis has just been falsified. | Alison Gopnik: Ok, az első hipotézis hamisnak bizonyult. | en-hu |
(Laughter) Boy: This one lighted up, and this one nothing. | (Tertawa) Anak: Ini membuatnya bersinar, dan ini tidak. | en-id |
AG: Okay, he's got his experimental notebook out. | AG: Được rồi, cháu đã vượt qua cuốn sổ thí nghiệm này. | en-vi |
Boy: What's making this light up. | Anak: apa yang membuatnya bersinar | en-id |
(Laughter) I don't know. | (Tertawa) Saya tidak tahu | en-id |
AG: Every scientist will recognize that expression of despair. | AG: Każdy naukowiec rozpozna ten wyraz rozpaczy. | en-pl |
(Laughter) Boy: Oh, it's because this needs to be like this, and this needs to be like this. | (Smiekli) Zēns: Ā, tas ir tāpēc, ka šim jābūt šādi, un šim jābūt šādi. | en-lv |
AG: Okay, hypothesis two. | AG: Muy bien, hipótesis 2. | en-es |
Boy: That's why. | Jongen: Daarom is dat. | en-nl |
Oh. | Oh. | en-ca |
(Laughter) AG: Now this is his next idea. | (Risas) AG: Ahora la próxima idea. | en-es |
He told the experimenter to do this, to try putting it out onto the other location. | הוא אמר לחוקרת לעשות ככה, לנסות לשים את זה בצד השני. | en-he |
Not working either. | यहाँ भी काम नहीं हुआ। | en-hi |
Boy: Oh, because the light goes only to here, not here. | Αγόρι: Α, επειδή το φως είναι μόνο εδώ, κι όχι εδώ. | en-el |
Oh, the bottom of this box has electricity in here, but this doesn't have electricity. | Okej, botten på den här lådan har elekticiteten in här men den här har inte elektricitet. | en-sv |
AG: Okay, that's a fourth hypothesis. | А. Г.: Добре, це четверта гіпотеза. | en-uk |
Boy: It's lighting up. | Cậu bé: Nó đang sáng lên. | en-vi |
So when you put four. | Jadi saat anda menaruh empat. | en-id |
So you put four on this one to make it light up and two on this one to make it light up. | Uz šī jāliek četri, lai tas iedegtos, | en-lv |
AG: Okay,there's his fifth hypothesis. | AG: OK, to je jeho piata hypotéza. | en-sk |
Now that is a particularly -- that is a particularly adorable and articulate little boy, but what Cristine discovered is this is actually quite typical. | Acest copil este deosebit un baietel deosebit de adorabil si coerent, dar Cristina a descoperit ca, de fapt, ai multi copii de genul acesta. | en-ro |
If you look at the way children play, when you ask them to explain something, what they really do is do a series of experiments. | Si Uds. observan cómo juegan los niños, y les piden que les expliquen, lo que realmente hacen es una serie de experimentos. | en-es |
This is actually pretty typical of four year-olds. | Na verdade isto é bastante comum em crianças de 4 anos. | en-pt |
Well, what's it like to be this kind of creature? | حسنا، كيف هو شعور أن تكون هذا النوع من الكائنات ؟ | en-ar |
What's it like to be one of these brilliant butterflies who can test five hypotheses in two minutes? | Hoe is het om een van die briljante vlinders te zijn, die vijf hypothesen kunnen testen in twee minuten? | en-nl |
Well, if you go back to those psychologists and philosophers, a lot of them have said that babies and young children were barely conscious if they were conscious at all. | 心理学者や哲学者たちに聞いてみると 彼らのほとんどは 赤ちゃんや幼児は意識があるとしても わずかにある程度だと言うでしょう | en-ja |
And I think just the opposite is true. | Ja si myslím, že opak je pravdou. | en-sk |
I think babies and children are actually more conscious than we are as adults. | Saya rasa bayi-bayi dan anak-anak sungguh lebih sadar dari kita orang dewasa. | en-id |
Now here's what we know about how adult consciousness works. | Víme, že vědomí dospělých funguje následovně: | en-cs |
And adults' attention and consciousness look kind of like a spotlight. | و توجه و خودآگاهی بزرگسالان بنوعی شبیه یک نقطه نور است. | en-fa |
So what happens for adults is we decide that something's relevant or important, we should pay attention to it. | درنتیجه چیزی که برای بزرگسالان اتفاق میفته اینه که ما تصمیم میگیریم که یک چیز متناسب و مهم هست که ما باید بهش توجه كنیم. | en-fa |
Our consciousness of that thing that we're attending to becomes extremely bright and vivid, and everything else sort of goes dark. | La nostra coscienza di quella cosa a cui assistiamo diventa estremamente vivida e brillante, e tutto il resto si oscura. | en-it |
And we even know something about the way the brain does this. | دەزانین کە مێشکمان چۆن بۆتە هۆی ئەم تاریکیە | en-ku |
So what happens when we pay attention is that the prefrontal cortex, the sort of executive part of our brains, sends a signal that makes a little part of our brain much more flexible, more plastic, better at learning, and shuts down activity in all the rest of our brains. | Deci, cand noi acordam atentie, vorbim de cortexul prefrontal, care este un fel de parte executiva a creierului nostru, care trimite un semnal si care ajuta o mica parte a creierului sa devina mult mai flexibila, mai plastica, mai predispusa la a invata, in timp ce blocheaza toata activitatea din restul creierului. | en-ro |
So we have a very focused, purpose-driven kind of attention. | Så vi har en meget fokuseret, formålsdreven form for opmærksomhed. | en-da |
If we look at babies and young children, we see something very different. | Daca ne uitam la bebelusi si la copiii mici vedem cu totul altceva. | en-ro |
I think babies and young children seem to have more of a lantern of consciousness than a spotlight of consciousness. | Credo che i neonati e i bambini piccoli abbiano più una lanterna della coscienza che un riflettore della coscienza. | en-it |
So babies and young children are very bad at narrowing down to just one thing. | Baby's en jonge kinderen zijn dus heel slecht om zich op één enkel ding te concentreren. | en-nl |
But they're very good at taking in lots of information from lots of different sources at once. | Но са изключително добри в приемането на огромно количество информация от много и различни източници едновременно. | en-bg |
And if you actually look in their brains, you see that they're flooded with these neurotransmitters that are really good at inducing learning and plasticity, and the inhibitory parts haven't come on yet. | Ja jūs ielūkotos viņu smadzenēs, jūs redzētu, ka tās ir pilnas neiromediatoru, kas ļoti labi rosina mācīšanos un plastiskumu, bet bremzējošās daļiņas vēl nav attīstījušās. | en-lv |
So when we say that babies and young children are bad at paying attention, what we really mean is that they're bad at not paying attention. | Kada kažemo da bebe i mala djeca nisu dobra u obraćanju pozornosti zapravo mislimo da nisu dobra u neobraćanju pozornosti. | en-hr |
So they're bad at getting rid of all the interesting things that could tell them something and just looking at the thing that's important. | Они не умеют отвлекаться от множества интересных вещей, которые могли бы им что-то поведать, для них важно даже просто смотреть на них. | en-ru |
That's the kind of attention, the kind of consciousness, that we might expect from those butterflies who are designed to learn. | To je vrsta pažnje, vrsta svesnosti, koju možemo očekivati od ovih leptira koji su stvoreni da uče. | en-sr |
Well if we want to think about a way of getting a taste of that kind of baby consciousness as adults, I think the best thing is think about cases where we're put in a new situation that we've never been in before -- when we fall in love with someone new, or when we're in a new city for the first time. | Beh, se vogliamo pensare a un modo per avere un'idea della coscienza di un bambino da adulti, credo che la cosa migliore da fare sia pensare a casi in cui ci troviamo in una nuova situazione mai vista prima - quando ci innamoriamo di qualcuno, quando siamo in una nuova città per la prima volta. | en-it |
And what happens then is not that our consciousness contracts, it expands, so that those three days in Paris seem to be more full of consciousness and experience than all the months of being a walking, talking, faculty meeting-attending zombie back home. | Dan apa yang terjadi kemudian adalah bukannya kesadaran kita menyusut, ia mengembang, sehingga tiga hari di Paris itu sepertinya lebih penuh kesadaran dan pengalaman dibandingkan berbulan-bulan menjadi zombie yang berjalan, berbicara, hadir di pertemuan fakultas di rumah. | en-id |
And by the way, that coffee, that wonderful coffee you've been drinking downstairs, actually mimics the effect of those baby neurotransmitters. | Og for resten, den kaffe, den vidunderlige kaffe, som I har drukket nedenunder, efterligner faktisk effekten af de spædbarns-signalstoffer. | en-da |
So what's it like to be a baby? | Så, hur är det då att vara bebis? | en-sv |
It's like being in love in Paris for the first time after you've had three double-espressos. | Es ist, wie wenn man verliebt und zum ersten Mal in Paris ist, und drei doppelte Espressi getrunken hat. | en-de |
(Laughter) That's a fantastic way to be, but it does tend to leave you waking up crying at three o'clock in the morning. | (Skratt) Det är ett fantastiskt sätt att vara, men det brukar sluta med att du gråtande vaknar upp klockan tre på natten. | en-sv |
(Laughter) Now it's good to be a grownup. | (Сміх) Тож це добре, бути дорослим. | en-uk |
I don't want to say too much about how wonderful babies are. | Не искам да говоря твърде много колко прекрасни са бебетата. | en-bg |
It's good to be a grownup. | Je dobré byť dospelým. | en-sk |
We can do things like tie our shoelaces and cross the street by ourselves. | Μπορούμε να κάνουμε πράγματα όπως να δένουμε τα κορδόνια μας και να περνάμε μόνοι μας το δρόμο. | en-el |
And it makes sense that we put a lot of effort into making babies think like adults do. | Und es macht Sinn, dass wir uns sehr bemühen Babys dazu zu bringen, wie Erwachsene zu denken. | en-de |
But if what we want is to be like those butterflies, to have open-mindedness, open learning, imagination, creativity, innovation, maybe at least some of the time we should be getting the adults to start thinking more like children. | Maar als we willen zijn zoals die vlinders, open van geest, volop klaar om te leren, vol verbeelding, creativiteit en innovatie, dan zouden we, tenminste af en toe, volwassenen ertoe moeten brengen meer als kinderen te denken. | en-nl |
I'm here to talk to you about a new way of doing journalism. | ジャーナリズムの新しい方法について お話ししましょう | en-ja |
Some people call this "citizen journalism," other people call it "collaborative journalism." | Algunas personas lo llaman "periodismo ciudadano", otras lo llaman "periodismo colaborativo". | en-es |
But really, it kind of means this: for the journalists, people like me, it means accepting that you can't know everything, and allowing other people, through technology, to be your eyes and your ears. | 하지만 저같은 언론인에게는 이런 의미도 있습니다. 우리가 세상 모든 일을 다 알 수는 없으므로 기술을 통해 다른 사람들의 눈과 귀를 빌린다는 개념입니다. | en-ko |
And for people like you, for other members of the public, it can mean not just being the passive consumers of news, but also coproducing news. | Önök és a nagyközönség egyéb tagjai pedig így nem csupán passzív fogyasztói lehetnek a híreknek, hanem gyűjtésükben együtt is működhetnek. | en-hu |
And I believe this can be a really empowering process. | Verujem da ovo može biti vrlo stimulišući proces. | en-sr |
It can enable ordinary people to hold powerful organizations to account. | que permita que la gente común pida que las organizaciones poderosas rindan cuentas. | en-es |
So I'm going to explain this to you today with two cases, two stories that I've investigated. | Assim, vou explicar isto hoje, com dois casos, duas histórias que eu investiguei. | en-pt |
And they both involve controversial deaths. | Ambas implicam mortes polémicas. | en-pt |
And in both cases, the authorities put out an official version of events, which was somewhat misleading. | Et dans les deux cas, la version proposée par les autorités était trompeuse. | en-fr |
We were able to tell an alternative truth utilizing new technology, utilizing social media, particularly Twitter. | Fomos capazes de dizer uma verdade alternativa utilizando nova tecnologia, utilizando a mídia social, particularmente o Twitter. | en-pt-br |
Essentially, what I'm talking about here is, as I said, citizen journalism. | Bref, voilà le sujet de mon discours : le journalisme citoyen. | en-fr |
So, to take the first case: this is Ian Tomlinson, the man in the foreground. | Nézzük tehát az első ügyet! Ő itt Ian Tomlinson a kép előterében. | en-hu |
He was a newspaper vendor from London, and on the 1st of April 2009, he died at the G20 protests in London. | Ele era jornaleiro em Londres, e no dia 1 de abril de 2009, ele morreu nos protestos do G20 em Londres. | en-pt-br |
Now, he had been -- he wasn't a protester, he'd been trying to find his way home from work through the demonstrations. | Ele não era um dos manifestantes, estava a tentar voltar para casa, depois do trabalho, pelo meio da manifestação. | en-pt |
But he didn't get home. | Mas ele não chegou em casa. | en-pt-br |
He had an encounter with a man behind him, and as you can see, the man behind him has covered his face with a balaclava. | Teve um encontro com aquele homem atrás dele, Como podem ver, o homem atrás dele tinha a cara tapada com uma balaclava. | en-pt |
And, in fact, he wasn't showing his badge numbers. | 事實上，他的警員編號也看不見。 | en-zh-tw |
But I can tell you now, he was PC Simon Harwood, a police officer with London's Metropolitan Police Force. | ولكن يمكنني أن أخبركم الآن، أن الرجل شرطي اسمه سيمون هاروود، ضابط شرطة، مع قوة الشرطة في العاصمة لندن. | en-ar |
In fact, he belonged to the elite territorial support group. | U stvari, on je bio pripadnik elitne teritorijalne grupe za podršku. | en-sr |
Now, moments after this image was shot, Harwood struck Tomlinson with a baton, and he pushed him to ground, and Tomlinson died moments later. | Momentos después de que esto se filmó, Harwood golpeó a Tomlinson con un bastón, y lo empujó al piso, y Tomlinson murió momentos después. | en-es |
But that wasn't the story the police wanted us to tell. | Mais la police ne voulait pas dévoiler cette version. | en-fr |
Initially, through official statements and off-the-record briefings, they said that Ian Tomlinson had died of natural causes. | در ابتدا، طبق اظهارات رسمی و گفتوشنودهای خصوصی، آنها گفتند که لن تاملینسون بر اثر حادثه طبیعی مرده، | en-fa |
They said that there had been no contact with the police, that there were no marks on his body. | 경찰과의 물리적 접촉이 없었으며 그의 몸에 어떠한 흔적도 없다고 했죠. | en-ko |
In fact, they said that when police tried to resuscitate him, the police medics were impeded from doing so, because protesters were throwing missiles, believed to be bottles, at police. | 事實上，他們說當警方 打算他進行復甦術時， 警方醫療人員卻被阻礙了， 因為抗議者在對警方丟擲東西， 據報丟的是瓶子。 | en-zh-tw |
And the result of that were stories like this. | Ilyesféle történetek születtek ezután. | en-hu |
I show you this slide, because this was the newspaper that Ian Tomlinson had been selling for 20 years of his life. | 제가 슬라이드 한 장을 보여드릴텐데요. 왜냐면 이것은 이안 톰린슨이 판매하던 신문으로 그의 인생 20년 동안 했던 일이죠. | en-ko |
And if any news organization had an obligation to properly forensically analyze what had been going on, it was the Evening Standard newspaper. | Et s’il y a bien une agence de presse qui se devait d’enquêter sur ce qu'il s’était passé, c’était le journal « Evening Standard ». | en-fr |
But they, like everyone else -- including my news organization -- were misled by the official version of events put out by police. | Но эта газета, как и все остальные СМИ, включая то, в котором работаю я, была введена в заблуждение официальной версией событий, озвученной полицией. | en-ru |
But you can see here, the bottles that were supposedly being thrown at police were turned into bricks by the time they reached this edition of the newspaper. | Mais remarquez que les bouteilles qui auraient été jetées aux policiers sont devenues des briques lorsque cette édition est sortie. | en-fr |
So we were suspicious, and we wanted to see if there was more to the story. | 우리는 의문을 지닌 채 더 많은 이야기가 있는지 살펴보았습니다. | en-ko |
We needed to find those protesters you see in the image, but, of course, they had vanished by the time we started investigating. | Dovevamo trovare quei dimostranti che vedete nelle immagini, ma, ovviamente, erano già svaniti quando iniziammo. | en-it |
So how do you find the witnesses? | Como encontrar as testemunhas? | en-pt |
This is, for me, where it got really interesting. | Foi aí que isto começou a ficar interessante. | en-pt |
We turned to the internet. | اتجهنا إلى الإنترنت. | en-ar |
This is Twitter; you've heard a lot about it today. | Questo è Twitter; oggi ne avete sentito parlare molto. | en-it |
Essentially, for me, when I began investigating this case, I was completely new to this; I'd signed up two days earlier. | Zapravo, za mene, kada sam počeo da istražujem ovaj slučaj, to je bilo potpuno novo; registrovao sam se dva dana pre. | en-sr |
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