english stringlengths 2 3.06k | non_english stringlengths 1 2.84k | language stringclasses 52 values |
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Now all of the babies, even in Berkley, like the crackers and don't like the raw broccoli. | Всички бебета, включително тези от Бъркли, харесват кракерите и не харесват суровите броколи. | en-bg |
(Laughter) But then what Betty did was to take a little taste of food from each bowl. | (Smích) A tak Betty trochu ochutnala z každé mísy. | en-cs |
And she would act as if she liked it or she didn't. | Và cô ấy sẽ tỏ ra như mình thích nó hoặc ghét nó. | en-vi |
So half the time, she acted as if she liked the crackers and didn't like the broccoli -- just like a baby and any other sane person. | Jadi sebagian waktu, ia beraksi seolah ia menyukai biskuit dan tidak menyukai brokoli -- seperti seorang bayi dan orang waras lainnya. | en-id |
But half the time, what she would do is take a little bit of the broccoli and go, "Mmmmm, broccoli. | Però l'altra meitat, agafava un trosset de bròquil i feia: "Mmmmm, bròquil. | en-ca |
I tasted the broccoli. Mmmmm." | Experimentei o brócolis. | en-pt-br |
And then she would take a little bit of the crackers, and she'd go, "Eww, yuck, crackers. | और फिर वो थोडे से बिस्कुट लेती थी, और कहती थी, "छिः, छिः, बिस्कुट,। | en-hi |
I tasted the crackers. Eww, yuck." | Am gustat din biscuiti, groaznic!" | en-ro |
So she'd act as if what she wanted was just the opposite of what the babies wanted. | Pra, ajo do te reagonte sikur ajo qe donte ishte e kunderta e asaj qe donin bebet. | en-sq |
We did this with 15 and 18 month-old babies. | Kami melakukan ini dengan bayi-bayi berusia 15 dan 18 bulan | en-id |
And then she would simply put her hand out and say, "Can you give me some?" | 贝蒂将自己的手伸出说： “能给我点吗？" | en-zh-cn |
So the question is: What would the baby give her, what they liked or what she liked? | Jautājums bija – ko mazulis viņai dos? To, kas garšo viņam pašam, vai to, kas garšo viņai? | en-lv |
And the remarkable thing was that 18 month-old babies, just barely walking and talking, would give her the crackers if she liked the crackers, but they would give her the broccoli if she liked the broccoli. | והדבר המדהים היה שתינוקות בני 18 חודשים, שבקושי הלכו ודיברו, נתנו לה את הקרקרים אם אהבה את הקרקרים, אבל נתנו לה את הברוקולי אם אהבה את הברוקולי. | en-he |
On the other hand, 15 month-olds would stare at her for a long time if she acted as if she liked the broccoli, like they couldn't figure this out. | Sa druge strane, bebe od 15 meseci bi samo vrlo dugo gledale u nju ako bi se ponašala kao da joj se brokoli baš sviđa, kao da to nisu mogle baš da shvate. | en-sr |
But then after they stared for a long time, they would just give her the crackers, what they thought everybody must like. | 但在观察了一段时间之后， 他们给了贝蒂饼干， 因为觉得所有人都会喜欢， | en-zh-cn |
So there are two really remarkable things about this. | Il y a donc deux faits réellement remarquables à ce propos, | en-fr |
The first one is that these little 18 month-old babies have already discovered this really profound fact about human nature, that we don't always want the same thing. | La primera és que aquests nadons de 18 mesos ja han descobert aquest fet tan profund de la naturalesa humana: que no sempre volem el mateix que els altres. | en-ca |
And what's more, they felt that they should actually do things to help other people get what they wanted. | Dan, mereka merasa bahwa mereka harus berbuat sesuatu untuk menolong orang lain mendapatkan apa yang diinginkannya. | en-id |
Even more remarkably though, the fact that 15 month-olds didn't do this suggests that these 18 month-olds had learned this deep, profound fact about human nature in the three months from when they were 15 months old. | Még ennél is figyelemre méltóbb tény, hogy a 15 hónapos babák nem tudták ezt az sugallja, hogy 18 hónaposan már megtanulják ezt a mély, alapvető tényezőt az ember természettel kapcsolatban 3 hónapon belül 15 hónapos koruktól számítva. | en-hu |
So children both know more and learn more than we ever would have thought. | 赤ちゃんは私達がこれまで考えていたよりはるかに もっといろいろ知っていて かつ学んでいるのです | en-ja |
And this is just one of hundreds and hundreds of studies over the last 20 years that's actually demonstrated it. | Et ceci est juste l'une des centaines et centaines d'études de ces 20 dernières années qui en fait le démontre. | en-fr |
The question you might ask though is: Why do children learn so much? | Det, man måske spørger om, er: Hvorfor lærer børn så meget? | en-da |
And how is it possible for them to learn so much in such a short time? | E como é possível para elas aprenderem tanto em um período tão curto de tempo? | en-pt-br |
I mean, after all, if you look at babies superficially, they seem pretty useless. | Quero dizer, afinal, se você olhar superficialmente para os bebês, eles parecem praticamente inúteis. | en-pt-br |
And actually in many ways, they're worse than useless, because we have to put so much time and energy into just keeping them alive. | Dhe ne te vertete ne shume menyra, ato jane me se te padobishem sepse na duhet te japim shume kohe dhe energji vetem per ti mbajtur ato gjalle. | en-sq |
But if we turn to evolution for an answer to this puzzle of why we spend so much time taking care of useless babies, it turns out that there's actually an answer. | Αν όμως στραφούμε στην εξέλιξη για μια απάντηση στο ερώτημα «γιατί καταναλώνουμε τόσο χρόνο για να φροντίζουμε άχρηστα μωρά», φαίνεται πως υπάρχει τελικά απάντηση. | en-el |
If we look across many, many different species of animals, not just us primates, but also including other mammals, birds, even marsupials like kangaroos and wombats, it turns out that there's a relationship between how long a childhood a species has and how big their brains are compared to their bodies and how smart and flexible they are. | Ja pavērojam dažādas dzīvnieku sugas, ne vien primātus, bet arī citus zīdītājus, putnus un pat somaiņus, piemēram, ķengurus un vombatus, izrādās, ka pastāv sakarība starp sugas bērnības ilgumu un smadzeņu lielumu attiecībā pret ķermeņa masu, un to, cik tie ir gudri un elastīgi. | en-lv |
And sort of the posterbirds for this idea are the birds up there. | その考え方の見本が上の鳥たちです | en-ja |
On one side is a New Caledonian crow. | Na jedné straně máme vránu novokaledonskou. | en-cs |
And crows and other corvidae, ravens, rooks and so forth, are incredibly smart birds. | 烏鴉和其他渡鴉、兀鼻烏鴉、白嘴鴉等等 是聰明得不得了的鳥。 | en-zh-tw |
They're as smart as chimpanzees in some respects. | В някои отношения те са умни, колкото шимпанзетата. | en-bg |
And this is a bird on the cover of science who's learned how to use a tool to get food. | И това е птица от корицата на "Наука", която се е научила как да използва инструмент за да получи храна. | en-bg |
On the other hand, we have our friend the domestic chicken. | От друга страна, имаме нашият приятел домашното пиле. | en-bg |
And chickens and ducks and geese and turkeys are basically as dumb as dumps. | I kurczaki oraz kaczki i gęsi i indyki są głupie jak but. | en-pl |
So they're very, very good at pecking for grain, and they're not much good at doing anything else. | Então elas são muito boas em bicar grãos, e não são eficientes em nada mais além disso. | en-pt-br |
Well it turns out that the babies, the New Caledonian crow babies, are fledglings. | Öyle görünüyorki bebekler Yani Kaledonya karga yavruları, tecrübesiz çaylaklar, | en-tr |
They depend on their moms to drop worms in their little open mouths for as long as two years, which is a really long time in the life of a bird. | Jsou závislé na svých matkách, nosí jim červy až do zobáků po dobu dvou let, což je v ptačím životě opravdu dlouhá doba. | en-cs |
Whereas the chickens are actually mature within a couple of months. | Hvorimod kyllingerne faktisk bliver modne på et par måneder. | en-da |
So childhood is the reason why the crows end up on the cover of Science and the chickens end up in the soup pot. | Tātad bērnība ir iemesls, kāpēc vārnas nokļūst uz <i>Science</i> vāka un vistas – zupas katlā. | en-lv |
There's something about that long childhood that seems to be connected to knowledge and learning. | Ka dicka per kete femijeri te gjate qe duket qe te jete e lidhur me njohuri dhe te mesuar. | en-sq |
Well what kind of explanation could we have for this? | ئەی دەبێت چ جۆرە ڕوون کردنەوەیەکمان هەبێت بۆ ئەمە؟ | en-ku |
Well some animals, like the chicken, seem to be beautifully suited to doing just one thing very well. | Nun, einige Tiere, wie die Hühner, scheinen bestens dazu geeignet, nur eine Sache besonders gut zu können. | en-de |
So they seem to be beautifully suited to pecking grain in one environment. | Estas parecem estar perfeitamente adaptadas a bicar o grão num ambiente. | en-pt |
Other creatures, like the crows, aren't very good at doing anything in particular, but they're extremely good at learning about laws of different environments. | Jiní tvorové, jako třeba vrány, nejsou moc dobří v dělání něčeho konkrétního, ale nadprůměrně dobře se naučí principy různých prostředí. | en-cs |
And of course, we human beings are way out on the end of the distribution like the crows. | E claro, nós seres humanos estamos além da curva de distribuição como os corvos. | en-pt-br |
We have bigger brains relative to our bodies by far than any other animal. | Ne kemi trurin me te madh krahasuar me trupin tone me te madh nga cdo kafshe tjeter. | en-sq |
We're smarter, we're more flexible, we can learn more, we survive in more different environments, we migrated to cover the world and even go to outer space. | Ми розумніші, ми більш гнучкі, ми можемо вивчати більше, ми виживаємо в більш різноманітних середовищах, ми охопили цілий світ мігруючи і навіть бували в космосі. | en-uk |
And our babies and children are dependent on us for much longer than the babies of any other species. | Et nos bébés et enfants sont dépendants de nous, pendant bien plus longtemps que les bébés des autres espèces. | en-fr |
My son is 23. | Mio figlio ha 23 anni. | en-it |
(Laughter) And at least until they're 23, we're still popping those worms into those little open mouths. | (Смех) И, по крайней мере, до этого возраста мы все ещё вкладываем червячков в их раскрытые клювики. | en-ru |
All right, why would we see this correlation? | Baik, mengapa kita melihat hubungan ini? | en-id |
Well an idea is that that strategy, that learning strategy, is an extremely powerful, great strategy for getting on in the world, but it has one big disadvantage. | Ena zamisel je, da je ta strategija, strategija učenja, zelo prodorna, veličastna strategija za to, da uspevamo v svetu, vendar ima veliko pomanjkljivost. | en-sl |
And that one big disadvantage is that, until you actually do all that learning, you're going to be helpless. | Ta pomanjkljivost je, da dokler ne izvedeš vsega tega učenja, ostajaš nebogljen. | en-sl |
So you don't want to have the mastodon charging at you and be saying to yourself, "A slingshot or maybe a spear might work. Which would actually be better?" | Quindi non ti va di avere il mastodonte che ti carica mentre dici a te stesso: "Una catapulta o forse una lancia potrebbe funzionare. | en-it |
You want to know all that before the mastodons actually show up. | こうしたことは実際にマストドンに遭遇する前に 知っておきたいはずです | en-ja |
And the way the evolutions seems to have solved that problem is with a kind of division of labor. | ئەو ڕێگەیەی کە یاسای گەشەسەندن دۆزیویەتەوە بۆ چارەسەر کردنی کێشەکە بریتییە لە دابەش کردنی هەوڵدانەکان | en-ku |
So the idea is that we have this early period when we're completely protected. | Så tanken er, at vi har en tidlig periode, hvor vi er fuldstændigt beskyttet. | en-da |
We don't have to do anything. All we have to do is learn. | हमें खुद कुछ नहीं करना होता। हमें बस सीखना होता है। | en-hi |
And then as adults, we can take all those things that we learned when we were babies and children and actually put them to work to do things out there in the world. | و بعد بهعنوان یک بزرگسال ما میتونیم همه اون چیزهايي رو که در زمان بچگي یادگرفتیم برای انجام دادن کارها در جهان بيروني استفاده كنيم. | en-fa |
So one way of thinking about it is that babies and young children are like the research and development division of the human species. | Có một cách nghĩ về vấn đề này đó là trẻ sơ sinh và trẻ nhỏ giống như sự phân chia nghiên cứu và phát triển của loài người. | en-vi |
So they're the protected blue sky guys who just have to go out and learn and have good ideas, and we're production and marketing. | Så de er de beskyttede fantaster, som bare skal ud at lære og få gode idéer, og vi er produktion og markedsføring. | en-da |
We have to take all those ideas that we learned when we were children and actually put them to use. | Nosotros tenemos que retomar todas esas ideas que aprendimos de pequeños y ponerlas en práctica. | en-es |
Another way of thinking about it is instead of thinking of babies and children as being like defective grownups, we should think about them as being a different developmental stage of the same species -- kind of like caterpillars and butterflies -- except that they're actually the brilliant butterflies who are flitting around the garden and exploring, and we're the caterpillars who are inching along our narrow, grownup, adult path. | 또 다른 방식으로 생각해 본다면 아기들과 아이들이라고 여기는 대신 불완전한 성체와 같이 생각하는 것으로, 우리는 그들에 대해 같은 종의 서로 다른 개발 단계에 있는 것으로 즉, 애벌레와 나비 같이 생각해야 합니다. 그들이 실제론 정원을 날아다니고 여기저기 탐색하는 눈부신 나비이고 우리는 좁은 성체로의 성장 과정을 따라 조금씩 움직이고 있는 애벌레입니다. | en-ko |
If this is true, if these babies are designed to learn -- and this evolutionary story would say children are for learning, that's what they're for -- we might expect that they would have really powerful learning mechanisms. | Αν αυτό είναι αλήθεια, αν αυτά τα μωρά είναι φτιαγμένα για να μαθαίνουν -- κι η ιστορία της εξέλιξης έλεγε πως τα παιδιά είναι για να μαθαίνουν - πως υπάρχουν γι' αυτό -- θα μπορούσαμε να περιμένουμε πως θα είχαν πολύ ισχυρούς μηχανισμούς εκμάθησης. | en-el |
And in fact, the baby's brain seems to be the most powerful learning computer on the planet. | Dhe ne te vertete, truri i bebeve duket te jete kompjuteri me i fuqishem i te mesuarit ne planet. | en-sq |
But real computers are actually getting to be a lot better. | Aínda que os verdadeiros ordenadores están a mellorar moito. | en-gl |
And there's been a revolution in our understanding of machine learning recently. | un ir notikusi revolūcija mūsu sapratnē par mašīnmācīšanos. | en-lv |
And it all depends on the ideas of this guy, the Reverend Thomas Bayes, who was a statistician and mathematician in the 18th century. | I tot es basa en les idees d'aquest home, el reverend Thomas Bayes, que fou un estadístic i matemàtic del segle XVIII. | en-ca |
And essentially what Bayes did was to provide a mathematical way using probability theory to characterize, describe, the way that scientists find out about the world. | Būtībā Beiza veikums bija viņa radītā matemātiskā metode, kas izmantoja varbūtības teoriju, lai raksturotu, aprakstītu, veidu, kā zinātnieki izzina pasauli. | en-lv |
So what scientists do is they have a hypothesis that they think might be likely to start with. | Així que el que fan els científics és que comencen amb una hipòtesi que creuen possible. | en-ca |
They go out and test it against the evidence. | Zatim je ispituju pomoću dokaza. | en-hr |
The evidence makes them change that hypothesis. | Op basis daarvan passen ze hun hypothese aan. | en-nl |
Then they test that new hypothesis and so on and so forth. | Potem sprawdzają tą nową hipotezę i tak dalej. | en-pl |
And what Bayes showed was a mathematical way that you could do that. | 또한 Bayes 씨가 제시한 것은 여러분도 할 수 있는 수학적인 방법입니다. | en-ko |
And that mathematics is at the core of the best machine learning programs that we have now. | Och den matematiken utgör kärnan i de bästa programmen för inlärning som vi har idag. | en-sv |
And some 10 years ago, I suggested that babies might be doing the same thing. | और कुछ दस साल पहले, मैने सुझाया था कि बच्चे भी यही करते होंगे। | en-hi |
So if you want to know what's going on underneath those beautiful brown eyes, I think it actually looks something like this. | 若你要知道 寶寶美麗棕色的眼內含著什麼心思, 我認為很可能就如同這一般。 | en-zh-tw |
This is Reverend Bayes's notebook. | Este é o caderno de apontamentos do Reverendo Bayes. | en-pt |
So I think those babies are actually making complicated calculations with conditional probabilities that they're revising to figure out how the world works. | Je pense donc que ces bébés effectuent en fait des calculs compliqués avec des probabilités conditionnelles qu'ils révisent pour se représenter comment le monde fonctionne. | en-fr |
All right, now that might seem like an even taller order to actually demonstrate. | Très bien, c’est une séquence qui parait encore plus difficile à démontrer. | en-fr |
Because after all, if you ask even grownups about statistics, they look extremely stupid. | Afinal de contas, se perguntarmos a adultos sobre estatística, eles fazem figuras ridículas. | en-pt |
How could it be that children are doing statistics? | Com pot ser que els nens prenguin estadístiques? | en-ca |
So to test this we used a machine that we have called the Blicket Detector. | ولاختبار ذلك استخدمنا آلة لدينا تُدعى كاشف البليكيت. | en-ar |
This is a box that lights up and plays music when you put some things on it and not others. | Det er en kasse, som lyser og spiller musik, når du putter visse ting på den, og ikke andre. | en-da |
And using this very simple machine, my lab and others have done dozens of studies showing just how good babies are at learning about the world. | Dhe per te perdorur kete makine shume te thjeshte, laboratori im por edhe te tjerat kane bere me dhjetra studime per te treguar sesa te zote jane femijet per te mesuarit rreth botes. | en-sq |
Let me mention just one that we did with Tumar Kushner, my student. | Deixem-me mencionar apenas um que fizemos com Tumar Kushner, meu aluno. | en-pt-br |
If I showed you this detector, you would be likely to think to begin with that the way to make the detector go would be to put a block on top of the detector. | Si les hubiera mostrado este detector, seguramente habrían pensado que la manera de hacerlo funcionar sería colocando un bloque sobre él. | en-es |
But actually, this detector works in a bit of a strange way. | Ama aslında bu algılayıcı biraz garip bir şekilde çalışıyor. | en-tr |
Because if you wave a block over the top of the detector, something you wouldn't ever think of to begin with, the detector will actually activate two out of three times. | Karena jika anda mengayunkan balok di atasnya, sesuatu yang tidak akan pernah anda pikirkan, alat ini akan aktif dua kali dari tiga kali percobaan. | en-id |
Whereas, if you do the likely thing, put the block on the detector, it will only activate two out of six times. | Wohingegen sich der Detektor, wenn Sie das Wahrscheinliche tun und den Block auf ihn stellen, nur in zwei von sechs Fällen aktiviert. | en-de |
So the unlikely hypothesis actually has stronger evidence. | אז להנחה הסבירה פחות יש למעשה ראיות חזקות יותר. | en-he |
It looks as if the waving is a more effective strategy than the other strategy. | Het lijkt dus alsof zwaaien een efficiëntere strategie is dan de andere strategie. | en-nl |
So we did just this; we gave four year-olds this pattern of evidence, and we just asked them to make it go. | Biz de şöyle yaptık, 4 yaşındaki deneklere bu bulgu örneğini verdik ve sadece çalıştırmalarını istedik. | en-tr |
And sure enough, the four year-olds used the evidence to wave the object on top of the detector. | するとどうでしょう 四歳児はこの積み木を振る という証拠を発見しました | en-ja |
Now there are two things that are really interesting about this. | Są dwie naprawdę interesujące rzeczy z tym związane. | en-pl |
The first one is, again, remember, these are four year-olds. | Det första är, återigen, och kom ihåg att detta är fyraåringar. | en-sv |
They're just learning how to count. | Elas estão começando a aprender a contar. | en-pt-br |
But unconsciously, they're doing these quite complicated calculations that will give them a conditional probability measure. | No nesvjesno izvode prilično komplicirane izračune koji će im dati mjeru za vjerojatnost. | en-hr |
And the other interesting thing is that they're using that evidence to get to an idea, get to a hypothesis about the world, that seems very unlikely to begin with. | Det andra som är intressant är att de använder sig av evidensen för att skapa sig en idé, en hypotes om världen, som till att börja med inte verkar särskilt sannolik. | en-sv |
And in studies we've just been doing in my lab, similar studies, we've show that four year-olds are actually better at finding out an unlikely hypothesis than adults are when we give them exactly the same task. | A ve studiích, které jsme prováděli v laboratoři, při podobných studiích, jsme ukázali, že čtyřleté děti jsou vlastně lepší v objevení nepravděpodobné hypotézy, než jsou dospělí, kterým zadáte stejný úkol. | en-cs |
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