english stringlengths 2 3.06k | non_english stringlengths 1 2.84k | language stringclasses 52 values |
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It grows up into the adult stage like that and then goes through a Benjamin Button phase, and actually goes backwards and backwards until it's like a little embryo again, and then actually grows back up, and back down and back up -- sort of yo-yo -- and it never dies. | Bu ileri bir aşamaya varır ve sonra Benjamin Button'un aşamasına geçer, ve gerçekten geriye ve geriye yeniden embriyo olana kadar gider ve sonra gerçekten geri döner ve asla ölmez. | en-tr |
So it's actually life, but it's actually not as we thought life would be. | Então é realmente vida, mas não é realmente como pensamos que vida seja. | en-pt-br |
And then you see something like that. | Und dann sieht man soetwas. | en-de |
And he was like, "My God, what kind of a life form is that?" | И думаете: «Боже мой, а это как может быть формой жизни?» Кто-нибудь знает? | en-ru |
Anyone know? | Nó thực tế không phải sự sống mà là một tinh thể. | en-vi |
So once you start looking and looking at smaller and smaller things -- so this particular person wrote a whole article and said, "Hey, these are bacteria." | Donc une fois que vous avez commencé à chercher et à regarder des choses de plus en plus petites - cette personne en particulier a écrit un article entier et a dit : "Hé, voici des bactéries". | en-fr |
Except, if you look a little bit closer, you see, in fact, that this thing is way too small to be anything like that. | Kivéve persze ha közelebbről nézzük, akkor tulajdonképpen látjuk, hogy ez túl kicsi ahhoz, hogy bármi ilyesmi legyen. | en-hu |
So he was convinced, but, in fact, most people aren't. | Așa că el era convins, dar, de fapt, majoritatea oamenilor nu sunt. | en-ro |
And then, of course, NASA also had a big announcement, and President Clinton gave a press conference, about this amazing discovery of life in a Martian meteorite. | 當然, NASA做了一個重大的宣布, 此外前總統柯林頓也召開記者會, 宣布在火星的隕石裡 發現有生命的存在。 | en-zh-tw |
Except that nowadays, it's heavily disputed. | 但是現今這個說法受到嚴重的質疑。 | en-zh-tw |
If you take the lesson of all these pictures, then you realize, well, actually, maybe it's not that easy. | Se tirarmos a lição de todas estas imagens, então apercebemo-nos — bem, na verdade, talvez não seja assim tão fácil. | en-pt |
Maybe I do need a definition of life in order to make that kind of distinction. | d'une définition de la vie afin de faire ce genre de distinction. | en-fr |
So can life be defined? | Kan het leven worden gedefinieerd? Hoe zou je dat doen? | en-nl |
Well how would you go about it? | Bineînțeles, | en-ro |
Well of course, you'd go to Encyclopedia Britannica and open at L. | vamos a la Enciclopedia Britannica y abrimos en la V. | en-es |
No, of course you don't do that; you put it somewhere in Google. | 不，你不会这么做，你会在Google搜索 | en-zh-cn |
And then you might get something. | そうしたらきっと何かしらの 答えが見つかるでしょう | en-ja |
(Laughter) And what you might get -- and anything that actually refers to things that we are used to, you throw away. | 可能会得到—— 一切称我们习以为常的东西生命的 扔到一边去 然后你可能会得到这个 | en-zh-cn |
And then you might come up with something like this. | Dice algo complicado, | en-es |
And it says something complicated with lots and lots of concepts. | с много и много концепции. | en-bg |
Who on Earth would write something as convoluted and complex and inane? | Ki a fene írna valamit, ami ilyen tekervényes és összetett és semmitmondó? | en-hu |
Oh, it's actually a really, really, important set of concepts. | Oh, în realitate este un set de concepte foarte, foarte importante. | en-ro |
So I'm highlighting just a few words and saying definitions like that rely on things that are not based on amino acids or leaves or anything that we are used to, but in fact on processes only. | Istaći ću samo nekoliko reči, a davanje takvih definicija oslanja se na stvari koje nisu zasnovane na aminokiselinama ili listovima ili na bilo šta na šta smo navikli, nego isključivo na procese. | en-sr |
And if you take a look at that, this was actually in a book that I wrote that deals with artificial life. | ist dies eigentlich in einem Buch, das ich über künstliches Leben geschrieben habe. | en-de |
And that explains why that NASA manager was actually in my office to begin with. | Ve niçin Nasa yöneticisinin benim ofisimde olduğunu açıklar. | en-tr |
Because the idea was that, with concepts like that, maybe we can actually manufacture a form of life. | כי הרעיון הוא שעם מושגים כאלה אולי נוכל לייצר צורת חיים. | en-he |
And so if you go and ask yourself, "What on Earth is artificial life?", let me give you a whirlwind tour of how all this stuff came about. | Ve böylece gidip kendi kendine ''Dünyada ki yapay yaşam nedir?'' diye sorarsan, bana bu şeylerin nasıl meydana geldiği konusunda bir fikir ver. | en-tr |
And it started out quite a while ago, when someone wrote one of the first successful computer viruses. | و این بحثها تقریبا ازمدتی پیش شروع شد زمانی که یک نفر یکی از اولین ویروسهای کامپیوتری موفق را نوشت. زمانی که یک نفر یکی از اولین ویروسهای کامپیوتری موفق را نوشت. | en-fa |
And for those of you who aren't old enough, you have no idea how this infection was working -- namely, through these floppy disks. | Niektórzy z was mogą nie pamiętać, w jaki sposób wirusy się rozprzestrzeniały. Nośnikami były dyskietki. | en-pl |
But the interesting thing about these computer virus infections was that, if you look at the rate at which the infection worked, they show this spiky behavior that you're used to from a flu virus. | אבל מה שמעניין בקשר לוירוסי מחשב אלה הוא שאם מסתכלים על קצב פעולתם, מתגלה התנהגות זיגזגית שאנו מכירים מוירוס שפעת. | en-he |
And it is in fact due to this arms race between hackers and operating system designers that things go back and forth. | És tulajdonképpen ennek a fegyverkezési versenynek köszönhető a hackerek és az operációs rendszerek tervezői között, hogy ezek a dolgok oda-vissza haladnak. | en-hu |
And the result is kind of a tree of life of these viruses, a phylogeny that looks very much like the type of life that we're used to, at least on the viral level. | Le résultat est une sorte d'arbre de vie de ces virus, une phylogénie qui ressemble beaucoup au type de vie auquel nous sommes habitués, du moins au niveau viral. | en-fr |
So is that life? | 那这是生命吗？至少我不这么认为 | en-zh-cn |
Not as far as I'm concerned. | Pse? Sepse këto gjëra nuk evoluojnë nga vetvetja. | en-sq |
In fact, they have hackers writing them. | אלא פורצי מחשבים כותבים אותם. | en-he |
But the idea was taken very quickly a little bit further, when a scientist working at the Santa Fe Institute decided, "Why don't we try to package these little viruses in artificial worlds inside of the computer and let them evolve?" | 但是這個想法不久就有了一點進展, 有一個在新墨西哥州的科學家決定, 「我們為何不把這些電腦病毒 放進電腦的虛擬世界, 讓它們自行演化?」 | en-zh-tw |
And this was Steen Rasmussen. | Questo era Steen Rasmussen. | en-it |
And he designed this system, but it really didn't work, because his viruses were constantly destroying each other. | Και σχεδίασε αυτό το σύστημα, αλλά στην πραγματικότητα δεν δούλεψε, διότι οι ιοί του συνεχώς κατέστρεφαν ο ένας τον άλλο. | en-el |
But there was another scientist who had been watching this, an ecologist. | اما یک دانشمند دیگر هم بود که این آزمایش را رصد میکرد، یک بوم شناس. | en-fa |
And he went home and says, "I know how to fix this." | 「自分ならこのシステムを 修正できる」と言って | en-ja |
And he wrote the Tierra system, and, in my book, is in fact one of the first truly artificial living systems -- except for the fact that these programs didn't really grow in complexity. | Той написа системата Тиера, и в моята книга, е наистина една от първите истински изкуствени живи системи -- с изключение на това, че тези програми не можеха да растат по сложност. | en-bg |
So having seen this work, worked a little bit on this, this is where I came in. | Habiendo visto su trabajo y trabajado un poco en eso, es cuando llego yo | en-es |
And I decided to create a system that has all the properties that are necessary to see, in fact, the evolution of complexity, more and more complex problems constantly evolving. | 我决定创造一个系统 其属性必须支持 复杂体的进化 越来越多的复杂问题不断进化 | en-zh-cn |
And of course, since I really don't know how to write code, I had help in this. | 私はコードの書き方を知らないので 人の助けを借りました 私はカリフォルニア工科大学で | en-ja |
I had two undergraduate students at California Institute of Technology that worked with me. | benle birlikte California Teknoloji Enstütüsünde çalışan. Bu solda ki Charles Offria, sağda ki Titus Brown. | en-tr |
They are now, actually, respectable professors at Michigan State University, but I can assure you, back in the day, we were not a respectable team. | Ils sont en fait désormais de respectables professeurs à l'Université d'État du Michigan, mais je peux vous assurer qu'à l'époque, nous ne faisions pas une équipe respectable. | en-fr |
And I'm really happy that no photo survives of the three of us anywhere close together. | 我很高兴那些我们三个人老粘在一起的照片 都没有保留下来 | en-zh-cn |
But what is this system like? | 하지만 이 시스템은 무엇같은가요? 세부사항으로 들어갈 수는 없지만 | en-ko |
Well I can't really go into the details, but what you see here is some of the entrails. | mas o que vêem aqui são algumas das entranhas. | en-pt |
But what I wanted to focus on is this type of population structure. | Nhưng cái mà tôi muốn tập trung vào là loại cấu trúc tập thể này. | en-vi |
There's about 10,000 programs sitting here. | Ovde se nalazi oko 10.000 programa. | en-sr |
And all different strains are colored in different colors. | Và tất cả những mối khác nhau có màu khác nhau. | en-vi |
And as you see here, there are groups that are growing on top of each other, because they are spreading. | E vedete qui, ci sono gruppi che crescono l'uno sull'altro, perché si estendono. | en-it |
Any time there is a program that's better at surviving in this world, due to whatever mutation it has acquired, it is going to spread over the others and drive the others to extinction. | 任何时刻一个程序 因为获得某个突变 从而在这个世界里更好的生存 那它讲不断扩散把其他程度逼入绝境 | en-zh-cn |
So I'm going to show you a movie where you're going to see that kind of dynamic. | Я вам зараз покажу запис, на якому видно цей процес. Цей процес розпочався | en-uk |
And these kinds of experiments are started with programs that we wrote ourselves. | con programas que escribimos nosotros mismos. | en-es |
We write our own stuff, replicate it, and are very proud of ourselves. | Escribimos nuestros propios programas, los replicamos, y nos sentimos orgullosos. | en-es |
And we put them in, and what you see immediately is that there are waves and waves of innovation. | Nous les implantons, et on peut immédiatement voir qu'il y a des flots et des flots d'innovation. | en-fr |
By the way, this is highly accelerated, so it's like a 1000 generations a second. | Bu arada bu son derece hızlandırılmıştır, ikinci jenerasyon gibi. | en-tr |
But immediately, the system goes like, "What kind of dumb piece of code was this? | Sytem natychmiast wykrywa głupie fragmenty programu, | en-pl |
This can be improved upon in so many ways, so quickly." | 这可以以很多种方式 很快地改善” | en-zh-cn |
So you see waves of new types taking over the other types. | تُشاهدون أمواج من الانواع الجديدة تطغى على الانواع الأُخرى | en-ar |
And this type of activity goes on for quite a while, until the main easy things have been acquired by these programs. | Và chuyển động này diễn ra trong một khoảng thời gian, cho đến khi những thứ chính đã được thu lại bởi chương trình. | en-vi |
And then, you see sort of like a stasis coming on where the system essentially waits for a new type of innovation, like this one, which is going to spread over all the other innovations that were before and is erasing the genes that it had before, until a new type of higher level of complexity has been achieved. | Και μετά βλέπετε μια στάσιμη κατάσταση όπου το σύστημα περιμένει ουσιαστικά για ένα νέο τύπο καινοτομίας, σαν κι αυτόν, ο οποίος πρόκειται να εξαπλωθεί πάνω σε όλες τις άλλες καινοτομίες που υπήρχαν πριν και σβήνει τα γονίδια που είχε πριν, μέχρι ότου επιτευχθεί ένας νέος τύπος υψηλότερης πολυπλοκότητας. | en-el |
And this process goes on and on and on. | І так триває до безконечності. | en-uk |
So what we see here is a system that lives in very much the way we're used to how life goes. | Então, o que vemos aqui é um sistema que vive muito da maneira a que estamos acostumados à vida. | en-pt-br |
But what the NASA people had asked me really was, "Do these guys have a biosignature? | لكن ما سألني عنه موظفي وكالة ناسا كان "هل تلك الاشياء لديها بصمة حيوية؟ | en-ar |
Can we measure this type of life? | האם נוכל למדוד חיים כאלה? | en-he |
Because if we can, maybe we have a chance of actually discovering life somewhere else without being biased by things like amino acids." | Защото ако можем, тогава може би имаме шанс наистина да открием живот някъде другаде, без да сме повлияни от неща като амино киселини.'' | en-bg |
So I said, "Well, perhaps we should construct a biosignature based on life as a universal process. | قُلت,"حسناً رُبما يجب ان نبني بصمة حيوية اعتماداً على الحياة كعملية شاملة | en-ar |
In fact, it should perhaps make use of the concepts that I developed just in order to sort of capture what a simple living system might be." | في الواقع رُبما استفاد من المفهوم الذي طورته فقط من اجل الوصول لربما ، ماهية نظام الحياة البسيط." | en-ar |
And the thing I came up with -- I have to first give you an introduction about the idea, and maybe that would be a meaning detector, rather than a life detector. | Und was ich mir ausgedacht habe -- Ich muss Ihnen zuerst eine Einführung in die Idee geben, und vielleicht wäre das eher ein Bedeutungs-Detektor als ein Lebensdetektor. | en-de |
And the way we would do that -- I would like to find out how I can distinguish text that was written by a million monkeys, as opposed to text that is in our books. | Robi się to tak... Chcę się dowiedzieć, jak odróżnić tekst napisany przez milion małp, od tekstów z naszych książek. | en-pl |
And I would like to do it in such a way that I don't actually have to be able to read the language, because I'm sure I won't be able to. | Và tôi muốn thực hiện điều đó theo cái cách mà tôi không nhất thiết phải biết đọc ngôn ngữ đó, vì tôi biết rằng tôi cũng không thể làm như vậy. Miễn là tôi biết tới có một hệ thống chữ cái như vậy. | en-vi |
As long as I know that there's some sort of alphabet. | Então este seria um gráfico de frequência | en-pt-br |
So here would be a frequency plot of how often you find each of the 26 letters of the alphabet in a text written by random monkeys. | hoe vaak elk van de 26 letters van het alfabet voorkomt in een tekst geschreven door willekeurige apen. | en-nl |
And obviously, each of these letters comes off about roughly equally frequent. | Očigledno, svako od ovih slova javlja se otprilike podjednako često. | en-sr |
But if you now look at the same distribution in English texts, it looks like that. | Dar dacă ne uităm acum la aceeași distribuție în textele englezesti, arată în felul următor. | en-ro |
And I'm telling you, this is very robust across English texts. | وللمعلومية,هذا الشيء يظهر بقوة في النصوص الانجليزية | en-ar |
And if I look at French texts, it looks a little bit different, or Italian or German. | И ако се вгледам във френски текстове, изглежда малко по-различно, или в италиански, или немски. Те всичките си имат свои собствени разпределения на честотите, | en-bg |
They all have their own type of frequency distribution, but it's robust. | اما این توزیع بسیار نیرومند است. مهم نیست که متن دارد از سیاست حرف میزند یا دربارهی دانش. | en-fa |
It doesn't matter whether it's a poem or whether it's a mathematical text. | Nem számít, hogy egy versről vagy matematikai szövegről van szó. | en-hu |
It's a robust signature, and it's very stable. | ova slika je vrlo robusna i stabilna. | en-sr |
As long as our books are written in English -- because people are rewriting them and recopying them -- it's going to be there. | Amíg a könyveink angol nyelven íródnak -- mert az emberek újraírják és lemásolják őket -- addig jelen lesz. | en-hu |
So that inspired me to think about, well, what if I try to use this idea in order, not to detect random texts from texts with meaning, but rather detect the fact that there is meaning in the biomolecules that make up life. | 그래서 그것이 제게 이 아이디어를 순서대로, 의미를 지닌 텍스트에서 어떤 텍스트를 감지할것이 아니라, 생명을 구성하는 생체분자에 의미가 있다는 사실을 인지할것을 시도 해보는 것에 대해 생각하도록 영감을 주었습니다 | en-ko |
But first I have to ask: what are these building blocks, like the alphabet, elements that I showed you? | De először is meg kell kérdeznem: mik ezek az építőkockák, mint az abc, az elemek, amelyeket mutattam önöknek? | en-hu |
Well it turns out, we have many different alternatives for such a set of building blocks. | Виявляється, ми маємо багато альтернатив для їх визначення. Ми можемо використати амінокислоти, | en-uk |
We could use amino acids, we could use nucleic acids, carboxylic acids, fatty acids. | To mogu biti aminokiseline, nukleinske kiseline, karboksilne kiseline, masne kiseline. | en-sr |
In fact, chemistry's extremely rich, and our body uses a lot of them. | 実際 化学物質は実に多様で 私たちの体にはその多くが使われているので | en-ja |
So that we actually, to test this idea, first took a look at amino acids and some other carboxylic acids. | Para que nós realmente, para testar essa ideia, primeiro observei aminoácidos e alguns outros ácidos carboxílicos. | en-pt-br |
And here's the result. | これがその結果です | en-ja |
Here is, in fact, what you get if you, for example, look at the distribution of amino acids on a comet or in interstellar space or, in fact, in a laboratory, where you made very sure that in your primordial soup, there is no living stuff in there. | 事實上, 譬如, 如果你觀察一個彗星或星際空間, 或者一個實驗室裡 所充斥的胺基酸, 但必須保證在原生湯裡 沒有任何生命存在。 你能找到的大部分是甘氨酸和丙氨酸, | en-zh-tw |
What you find is mostly glycine and then alanine and there's some trace elements of the other ones. | 다른 것들 중 일부 미량 원소가 있습니다 | en-ko |
That is also very robust -- what you find in systems like Earth where there are amino acids, but there is no life. | И това също е много силно изразено -- в това, което може да се намери в системи като тази на Земята, където има амино киселини, но там няма никакъв живот. | en-bg |
But suppose you take some dirt and dig through it and then put it into these spectrometers, because there's bacteria all over the place; or you take water anywhere on Earth, because it's teaming with life, and you make the same analysis; the spectrum looks completely different. | Но ако примерно вземем пръст и прокопаем през нея, и след това я сложим в тези спектометри, тогава там ще гъмжи от бактерии; или вземем вода от където и да е на Земята, тогава тя ще е пълна с живот, и направим същият анализ; спектъра ще изглежда съвсем различно. | en-bg |
Of course, there is still glycine and alanine, but in fact, there are these heavy elements, these heavy amino acids, that are being produced because they are valuable to the organism. | É claro, ainda há glicina e alanina, mas, na verdade, há esses elementos pesados, esses aminoácidos pesados, que estão sendo produzidos porque eles são valiosos para o organismo. | en-pt-br |
And some other ones that are not used in the set of 20, they will not appear at all in any type of concentration. | Dhe disa të tjerë që nuk janë përdorur në bashkësinë e të 20-ave ato nuk do të shfaqen fare në asnjë lloj koncentrimi. | en-sq |
So this also turns out to be extremely robust. | Quindi anche questo si rivela essere accertato. | en-it |
It doesn't matter what kind of sediment you're using to grind up, whether it's bacteria or any other plants or animals. | هیچ اهمیتی ندارد که چهجور رسوباتی را آسیاب میکنید، که آیا باکتریست یا گیاهست یا جانور. | en-fa |
Anywhere there's life, you're going to have this distribution, as opposed to that distribution. | Всюди де буде присутнє життя, ви знайдете розпреділення певного видо, що буде відрізнятися від інших. | en-uk |
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