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So Capgras syndrome is a disorder where you get a specific delusion.
El síndrome de Capgras es un trastorno en el que uno experimenta un delirio específico.
en-es
Sufferers of Capgras syndrome believe that the people they love most in the world have been replaced by perfect duplicates.
De som lider av Capgras syndrom tror att personerna som de älskar mest i världen har ersatts av perfekta kopior.
en-sv
Now often, a result of Capgras syndrome is tragic.
Często wynik zespołu Capgrasa jest tragiczny.
en-pl
People have murdered those that they loved, believing that they were murdering an imposter.
Људи су убијали своје вољене, верујући да убијају уљеза.
en-sr
But there's at least one case where Capgras syndrome had a happy ending.
但至少有一個病例 一位卡波格拉斯症候的病人有了美滿的結局
en-zh-tw
This was recorded in 1931.
這是1931年的一個紀錄
en-zh-tw
"Research described a woman with Capgras syndrome who complained about her poorly endowed and sexually inadequate lover."
"კვლევაში აღწერილია კაპგრის სინდრომიანი ქალი, რომელიც ჩიოდა საკუთარ გაჭირვებულ და სექსუალურად შეუძლო შეყვარებულზე"
en-ka
But that was before she got Capgras syndrome.
Mas isto foi antes de ter o síndrome de Capgras.
en-pt
After she got it, "She was happy to report that she has discovered that he possessed a double who was rich, virile, handsome and aristocratic."
Μετά "ήταν στην ευχάριστη θέση να αναφέρει πως είχε ανακαλύψει πως εκείνος διέθετε ένα δίδυμο που ήταν πλούσιος, δυνατός, όμορφος και αριστοκρατικός."
en-el
Of course, it was the same man, but she was seeing him in different ways.
რა თქმა უნდა, ეს ისევ ის კაცი იყო, მაგრამ ის მას სხვადასხვანაირად ხედავდა.
en-ka
As a third example, consider consumer products.
第三個例子 談談消費產品
en-zh-tw
So one reason why you might like something is its utility.
Една причина поради која можете да сакате нешто е неговата корисност.
en-mk
You can put shoes on your feet; you can play golf with golf clubs; and chewed up bubble gum doesn't do anything at all for you.
Čevlje lahko obujete; s palicami za golf lahko igrate golf; in od prežvečenega žvečilnega gumija nimate nobene koristi.
en-sl
But each of these three objects has value above and beyond what it can do for you based on its history.
Али сваки од ова три предмета има вредност много вишу од тога шта могу да ураде за вас, на основу своје историје.
en-sr
The golf clubs were owned by John F. Kennedy and sold for three-quarters of a million dollars at auction.
De golfclubs waren eigendom van John F. Kennedy en werden geveild voor 750.000 dollar.
en-nl
The bubble gum was chewed up by pop star Britney Spears and sold for several hundreds of dollars.
Η τσίχλα μασήθηκε από την ποπ τραγουδίστρια Μπρίτνεϊ Σπίαρς και πουλήθηκε για εκατοντάδες δολάρια.
en-el
And in fact, there's a thriving market in the partially eaten food of beloved people.
ולמעשה, יש שוק שוקק של אוכל אכול למחצה על-ידיי אנשים אהודים.
en-he
(Laughter) The shoes are perhaps the most valuable of all.
(웃음) 저 신발은 아마 가장 가치있는 것일겁니다
en-ko
According to an unconfirmed report, a Saudi millionaire offered 10 million dollars for this pair of shoes.
Према непотврђеном извору, један саудијски милионер понудио је 10 милиона долара за овај пар ципела.
en-sr
They were the ones thrown at George Bush at an Iraqi press conference several years ago.
Eles são os que foram atirados no George Bush numa coletiva de imprensa anos atrás.
en-pt-br
(Applause) Now this attraction to objects doesn't just work for celebrity objects.
(Аплауз) Оваа привлечност кон објектите не е случај само за објектите од славните луѓе.
en-mk
Each one of us, most people, have something in our life that's literally irreplaceable, in that it has value because of its history -- maybe your wedding ring, maybe your child's baby shoes -- so that if it was lost, you couldn't get it back.
Mindannyiunknak, a legtöbb embernek, van valamije az életében, ami szó szerint pótolhatatlan, mivel története miatt értékes -- talán az eljegyzési gyűrű, a gyerek babacipői, ha ez elvész, nem kaphatjuk vissza.
en-hu
You could get something that looked like it or felt like it, but you couldn't get the same object back.
Podries aconseguir alguna cosa que s'hi assemblés, però no podries recuperar el mateix objecte.
en-ca
With my colleagues George Newman and Gil Diesendruck, we've looked to see what sort of factors, what sort of history, matters for the objects that people like.
저와 동료 George Newman 와 Gil Diesendruck는, 함께 요소들의 종류, 역사들의 종류 그리고 사람들이 좋아하는 물건들의 상태를 보는걸 좋아합니다.
en-ko
So in one of our experiments, we asked people to name a famous person who they adored, a living person they adored.
في واحدة من تجاربنا طرحنا سؤلاً عن شخصية شهيرة يفضلها المُختبرون شخص يحبونه
en-ar
So one answer was George Clooney.
Eén antwoord was George Clooney.
en-nl
Then we asked them, "How much would you pay for George Clooney's sweater?"
ومن ثم طرحنا سؤلاً آخراً " كم يمكن ان تدفعوا مقابل سترة جورج كلوني
en-ar
And the answer is a fair amount -- more than you would pay for a brand new sweater or a sweater owned by somebody who you didn't adore.
En het antwoord is: behoorlijk wat -- meer dan je zou betalen voor een nieuwe trui of een trui van iemand die je niet bewondert.
en-nl
Then we asked other groups of subjects -- we gave them different restrictions and different conditions.
Tada smo pitali drugu grupu ispitanika -- dali smo im različita ograničenja i različite uvjete.
en-hr
So for instance, we told some people, "Look, you can buy the sweater, but you can't tell anybody you own it, and you can't resell it."
На пример, на едни луѓе им кажавме, "Види, можеш да го купиш џемперот, меѓутоа не смееш да кажеш на никому дека го поседуваш, а исто така не смееш да го продаваш."
en-mk
That drops the value of it, suggesting that that's one reason why we like it.
그것은 스웨터의 가치를 떨어뜨릴 것입니다. 또한 위의 요소들이 우리가 좋아하는 이유중에 하나라는 것을 제시하기도 합니다
en-ko
But what really causes an effect is you tell people, "Look, you could resell it, you could boast about it, but before it gets to you, it's thoroughly washed."
但真正造成影響的是 你告訴人們:「看,你可以再把毛衣賣出去,你可以吹捧毛衣的價值 但在你得到毛衣之前 這毛衣已經完全洗乾淨了。」
en-zh-tw
That causes a huge drop in the value.
こうすると大きく価値が下がります
en-ja
As my wife put it, "You've washed away the Clooney cooties."
Όπως είπε η σύζυγός μου, "Έπλυνες τη μυρωδιά του Κλούνι."
en-el
(Laughter) So let's go back to art.
(Râsete) Să ne întoarcem la artă.
en-ro
I would love a Chagall. I love the work of Chagall.
저는 샤갈을 좋아합니다. 저는 사걀의 작품을 좋아합니다.
en-ko
If people want to get me something at the end of the conference, you could buy me a Chagall.
Milujem jeho obrazy. Keby mi niekto chcel na konci konferencie niečo venovať, mohli by ste mi kúpiť Chagalla.
en-sk
But I don't want a duplicate, even if I can't tell the difference.
Men jeg vil ikke have en kopi, selv hvis jeg ikke kan se forskel.
en-da
That's not because, or it's not simply because, I'm a snob and want to boast about having an original.
To nie dlatego, lub nie po prostu dlatego, że jestem snobem i chcę się chwalić oryginałem.
en-pl
Rather, it's because I want something that has a specific history.
Ավելի շուտ դրա պատճառն այն է, որ ես ցանկանում եմ ունենալ մի բան, որ յուրահատուկ պատմություն ունի:
en-hy
In the case of artwork, the history is special indeed.
במקרה של עבודות אומנות, ההיסטוריה בהחלט ייחודית.
en-he
The philosopher Denis Dutton in his wonderful book "The Art Instinct" makes the case that, "The value of an artwork is rooted in assumptions about the human performance underlying its creation."
Filozof Denis Dutton v svoji čudoviti knjigi "The Art Instinct" ugotavlja, da je "vrednost umetniškega dela zakoreninjena v domnevah o človeškem delu, potrebnem za njegovo stvaritev. "
en-sl
And that could explain the difference between an original and a forgery.
Και αυτό μπορεί να εξηγήσει τη διαφορά ανάμεσα στο αυθεντικό και το πλαστό.
en-el
They may look alike, but they have a different history.
Eles podem parecer iguais, mas têm histórias diferentes.
en-pt-br
The original is typically the product of a creative act, the forgery isn't.
Oriģināls parasti ir radošas darbības iznākums, bet viltojums nav.
en-lv
I think this approach can explain differences in people's taste in art.
Мисля, че този подход може да обясни разликите във вкуса на хората към изкуството.
en-bg
This is a work by Jackson Pollock.
Esta es una obra de Jackson Pollock.
en-es
Who here likes the work of Jackson Pollock?
Իսկ ներկաներից ո ՞ւմ է դուր գալիս Ջեքսոն Պոլլոկի գործունեությունը:
en-hy
Okay. Who here, it does nothing for them?
A chi, invece, non dicono niente?
en-it
They just don't like it.
Po prostu go nie lubią.
en-pl
I'm not going to make a claim about who's right, but I will make an empirical claim about people's intuitions, which is that, if you like the work of Jackson Pollock, you'll tend more so than the people who don't like it to believe that these works are difficult to create, that they require a lot of time and energy and creative energy.
Jeg vil ikke komme med nogle påstande om hvem der har ret, men jeg vil lave en empirisk påstand om menneskers intuitioner, som er, hvis man kan lide Jackson Pollock værker, er der en større tendens til, end ved mennesker der ikke kan lide det, at tro på at disse værker er svære at skabe, at de kræver meget tid og energi og kreativ energi.
en-da
I use Jackson Pollock on purpose as an example because there's a young American artist who paints very much in the style of Jackson Pollock, and her work was worth many tens of thousands of dollars -- in large part because she's a very young artist.
אני משתמש בג'קסון פולוק כדוגמה מכיוון שיש אמנית אמריקאית צעירה שמציירת דומה מאוד לסגנונו של ג'קסון פולוק, ועבודתה שווה עשרות רבות של אלפי דולרים -- בעיקר בגלל היותה אמנית כה צעירה.
en-he
This is Marla Olmstead who did most of her work when she was three years old.
Detta är Marla Olmstead som gjorde de flesta av sina verk vid tre års ålder.
en-sv
The interesting thing about Marla Olmstead is her family made the mistake of inviting the television program 60 Minutes II into their house to film her painting.
Ce qui est intéressant à propos de Marla Olmstead est que sa famille a fait l’erreur d’inviter l’émission télé 60 Minutes II chez eux pour la filmer en train de peindre.
en-fr
And they then reported that her father was coaching her.
და თქვეს რომ მას მისი მამა ავარჯიშებდა.
en-ka
When this came out on television, the value of her art dropped to nothing.
Quando isto apareceu na televisão, o valor da sua arte caiu para zero.
en-pt
It was the same art, physically, but the history had changed.
ეს იგივე ნახატები იყო ფიზიკურად, მაგრამ მათი ისტორია შეიცვალა.
en-ka
I've been focusing now on the visual arts, but I want to give two examples from music.
Şimdilerde görsel sanatlar üzerine yoğunlaşıyorum, ama müzikle ilgili iki örnek vermek isterim.
en-tr
This is Joshua Bell, a very famous violinist.
Detta är Joshua Bell, en mycket berömd violinist.
en-sv
And the Washington Post reporter Gene Weingarten decided to enlist him for an audacious experiment.
ვაშინგტონ პოსტის ჟურნალისტმა ჯინ ვაინგარტენმა გადაწყვიტა ის თამამ ექსპერიმენტში ჩაერთო.
en-ka
The question is: How much would people like Joshua Bell, the music of Joshua Bell, if they didn't know they were listening to Joshua Bell?
问题是:大家愿意花多少钱在约书亚·贝尔的身上 和约书亚·贝尔的音乐 如果他们不知道他们是在听约书亚·贝尔的情况下呢?
en-zh-cn
So he got Joshua Bell to take his million dollar violin down to a Washington D.C. subway station and stand in the corner and see how much money he would make.
Така той помолил Джошуа Бел да вземе цигулката си за един милион долара в метро станция на Вашингтон, окръг Колумбия, и да застане в ъгъла и да види колко пари ще изкара.
en-bg
And here's a brief clip of this.
Erről látnak egy rövid bejátszást.
en-hu
(Violin music) After being there for three-quarters of an hour, he made 32 dollars.
(Musica di violino) Dopo tre quarti d'ora, aveva raccolto 32 dollari.
en-it
Not bad. It's also not good.
Не е лошо. Но, не е ниту добро.
en-mk
Apparently to really enjoy the music of Joshua Bell, you have to know you're listening to Joshua Bell.
듣자하니 조슈아 벨의 음악을 정말로 즐기기 위해서는 여러분이 조슈아 벨의 것을 듣고 있다는걸 알아야 합니다
en-ko
He actually made 20 dollars more than that, but he didn't count it.
הוא למעשה עשה 20$ יותר מזה, אבל הוא לא כלל את זה.
en-he
Because this woman comes up -- you see at the end of the video -- she comes up.
Ortaya çıkan bu kadın yüzünden-- bakın videonun sonunda---o görünen kadın
en-tr
She had heard him at the Library of Congress a few weeks before at this extravagant black-tie affair.
Ela ouviu-o na "Biblioteca do Congresso" umas semanas antes neste extravagante encontro "black-tie".
en-pt
So she's stunned that he's standing in a subway station.
Está sorprendida de que esté allí en la estación de metro.
en-es
So she's struck with pity.
görünce şaşakalır. Acıma hissiyle sarsılır.
en-tr
She reaches into her purse and hands him a 20.
Посегла је у ташну и дала му двадесет долара.
en-sr
(Laughter) (Applause) The second example from music is from John Cage's modernist composition, "4'33"."
پێکەنین چەپڵە نمونەی دووەم لەسەر مۆسیقا لە (جۆن کاج)ەوە کە هونەرمەندێکی مۆدێرنە ٤'٣٣
en-ku
As many of you know, this is the composition where the pianist sits at a bench, opens up the piano and sits and does nothing for four minutes and 33 seconds -- that period of silence.
Kuten monet teistä tietävät, tämä on sävellys, jossa pianisti istuu penkille, avaa pianon kannen, istuu eikä tee mitään neljään minuuttiin ja 33 sekuntiin -- hiljaisuuden aika.
en-fi
And people have different views on this.
A ľudia majú na to rôzne názory.
en-sk
But what I want to point out is you can buy this from iTunes.
Ale to, na čo chcem upozorniť, je, že túto skladbu si môžete kúpiť na iTunes.
en-sk
(Laughter) For a dollar 99, you can listen to that silence, which is different than other forms of silence.
(Râsete) La un dolar și nouăzeci și nouă de cenți, poți asculta acea tăcere, diferită de alte forme de tăcere.
en-ro
(Laughter) Now I've been talking so far about pleasure, but what I want to suggest is that everything I've said applies as well to pain.
پێکەنین من ئێستا زۆر دوورکەوتمەوە لە باسکردنی خۆشی بەڵام ئەوەی دەمەوێت باسی بکەم ئەوەیە کە هەموو ئەو شتانەی باسم کرد پەیوەندی دەبێت بە ئازاریشەوە
en-ku
And how you think about what you're experiencing, your beliefs about the essence of it, affect how it hurts.
I to, jak myślisz o swoim doświadczeniu, twoje poglądy na jego esencję, wpływają na to, jak bardzo boli.
en-pl
One lovely experiment was done by Kurt Gray and Dan Wegner.
การทดลองที่ดีอันหนึ่ง ทดลองโดย เคิร์ท เกรย์และ แดน เวกเนอร์
en-th
What they did was they hooked up Harvard undergraduates to an electric shock machine.
그들이 한것은 하버드 대학생들을 전기 충격장치로 유혹한 것입니다
en-ko
And they gave them a series of painful electric shocks.
Και τους προκάλεσαν μία σειρά από επίπονα ηλεκτροσόκ.
en-el
So it was a series of five painful shocks.
Takže išlo o sériu piatich bolestivých šokov.
en-sk
Half of them are told that they're being given the shocks by somebody in another room, but the person in the other room doesn't know they're giving them shocks.
بە نیوەیان وترابوو کە کارەبایان لێدابوون لە لایەن کەسێکەوە لە ژوورەکەی تر بەڵام کەسەکەی ژوورەکەی تر پێی نەوترابوو کە کارەبایان لێدەدات
en-ku
There's no malevolence, they're just pressing a button.
他们没有恶意,只是按一个按钮
en-zh-cn
The first shock is recorded as very painful.
첫번째 전기자극이 가장 고통스러웠다고 기록되었습니다
en-ko
The second shock feels less painful, because you get a bit used to it.
第二次刺激感到轻了一点,因为你感到有些习惯了
en-zh-cn
The third drops, the fourth, the fifth.
3回 4回 5回目とましになり
en-ja
The pain gets less.
El dolor disminueix.
en-ca
In the other condition, they're told that the person in the next room is shocking them on purpose -- knows they're shocking them.
במצב השני, נאמר להם שהאדם בחדר ליד נותן להם מכות חשמל בכוונה -- הוא יודע שהוא נותן להם מכות חשמל.
en-he
The first shock hurts like hell.
Првиот е пеколно болен.
en-mk
The second shock hurts just as much, and the third and the fourth and the fifth.
شوک دوم از اون هم دردناک تر. سومی و چهارمی و پنجمی،
en-fa
It hurts more if you believe somebody is doing it to you on purpose.
Fa més mal si creus que algú t'ho està fent expressament.
en-ca
The most extreme example of this is that in some cases, pain under the right circumstances can transform into pleasure.
Ví dụ cực đoan nhất cho lý luận này chính là trong một số chuyện đau đớn khi được đặt trong tình huống hợp lý có thể trở thành hạnh phúc.
en-vi
Humans have this extraordinarily interesting property that will often seek out low-level doses of pain in controlled circumstances and take pleasure from it -- as in the eating of hot chili peppers and roller coaster rides.
Los humanos tenemos esta propiedad extraordinariamente interesante que a menudo buscamos pequeñas dosis de dolor en circunstancias controladas y eso nos da placer; como consumir chiles picantes y dar paseos en montaña rusa.
en-es
The point was nicely summarized by the poet John Milton who wrote, "The mind is its own place, and in itself can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven."
ئەو خاڵە بە باشی کورت کرابۆوە لەلایەن شاعیر جۆن میڵتۆن کە نوسیویەتی: ئەقڵ لە جێی خۆیەتی وە لەناو خۆیدا دەتوانێت بەهەشتێک لە دۆزەخ دروست بکات دۆزەخێک لە بەهەشت
en-ku
And I'll end with that. Thank you.
ואני אסיים בזה. תודה רבה.
en-he
Well after many years working in trade and economics, four years ago, I found myself working on the front lines of human vulnerability.
व्यापार और अर्थव्यवस्था के क्षेत्रों में काफी साल बिताने के बाद, चार साल पहले, मैंने स्वयं को मानवी निर्बलता की सीमाओं पर काम करते हुए देखा.
en-hi
And I found myself in the places where people are fighting every day to survive and can't even obtain a meal.
Našla sam se na mjestima na kojima se ljudi svakodnevno bore da bi preživjeli te ne mogu dobiti čak ni obrok.
en-hr
This red cup comes from Rwanda from a child named Fabian.
הספל האדום הזה מגיע מרואנדה מילד ושמו פביאן
en-he