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parallel-talks-deduplicated

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My reading ability improved, but these forced reading lessons didn't exactly inspire a love of reading.
،توانای خوێندنەوەم گەشەی دەکرد بەڵام ئەم وانانە هاندەرم .بۆ خۆشەویستیم خوێندنەوە نەبوون
en-ku
High school changed everything.
La escuela secundaria cambió todo.
en-es
In 10th grade, my regular English class read short stories and did spelling tests.
고1 때 일반 영어 수업을 듣는데, 단편 소설만 읽고 맞춤법 시험만 보는 거예요.
en-ko
Out of sheer boredom, I asked to be switched into another class.
因為很無聊，我要求調到另一班。
en-zh-tw
The next semester, I joined advanced English.
،لە وەرزی دووەمی خوێندنمدا .گەیشتمە ئاستی ئینگلیزی پێشکەوتوو
en-ku
(Laughter) We read two novels and wrote two book reports that semester.
(خنده) آن فصل دو رمان خواندیم و دو نقد کتاب نوشتیم.
en-fa
The drastic difference and rigor between these two English classes angered me and spurred questions like, "Where did all these white people come from?"
Die drastische Strenge und der Unterschied zwischen den beiden Kursen verärgerte mich und regte Fragen an, wie etwa: "Woher sind all diese Weißen gekommen?"
en-de
(Laughter) My high school was over 70 percent black and Latino, but this advanced English class had white students everywhere.
(Smijeh) 70% učenika u mojoj srednjoj školi bili su crnci i latinoamerikanci, ali na ovom naprednom engleskom kolegiju posvuda su bili bijeli učenici.
en-hr
This personal encounter with institutionalized racism altered my relationship with reading forever.
这样的制度化种族主义的个人遭遇 永久地改变了我与阅读的关系。
en-zh-cn
I learned that I couldn't depend on a school, a teacher or curriculum to teach me what I needed to know.
J'ai appris que je ne pouvais pas compter sur une école, un prof ou un programme pour m'apprendre ce que je devais savoir.
en-fr
And more out of like, rebellion, than being intellectual, I decided I would no longer allow other people to dictate when and what I read.
ပညာတတ်ဖြစ်တာတာထက် သူပုန်ဖြစ်ဖို့က ပိုများသလိုပေါ့။ ဘယ်အချိန်၊ ဘာတွေဖတ်လို့ဆိုပြီး အခြားသူတွေက ကိုယ့်ကို ပြဌာန်းပေးတာ ခွင့်မပြုတော့ဘူးလို့ ဆုံးဖြတ်လိုက်တယ်
en-my
And without realizing it, I had stumbled upon a key to helping children read.
E sem perceber, encontrei a chave para ajudar as crianças a lerem.
en-pt-br
Identity.
Identitet.
en-hr
Instead of fixating on skills and moving students from one reading level to another, or forcing struggling readers to memorize lists of unfamiliar words, we should be asking ourselves this question: How can we inspire children to identify as readers?
به جای تثبیت مهارت‌ها و پیش بردن دانش‌آموزان از یک سطح مطالعه به سطح دیگر، یا مجبور کردن بچه‌هایی که در روخوانی ضعیف هستند به از بر کردن کلمات نامأنوس، باید این سوال را از خودمان بپرسیم: چطور می‌توانیم الهام بخش بچه‌ها باشیم تا به عنوان کتاب‌خوان شناخته شوند؟
en-fa
DeSean, a brilliant first-grader I taught in the Bronx, he helped me understand how identity shapes learning.
DeSean, un brillante alumno de primer grado al que enseñé en el Bronx, me ayudó a entender cómo la identidad forma el aprendizaje.
en-es
One day during math, I walk up to DeSean, and I say, "DeSean, you're a great mathematician."
Одного дня під час уроку математики, я підійшов до Дешона і сказав: «Дешоне, ти – великий математик».
en-uk
He looks at me and responds, "I'm not a mathematician, I'm a math genius!"
すると彼は私を見てこう言いました 「僕は数学者じゃなくて 数学の天才さ！」
en-ja
(Laughter) OK DeSean, right?
dedi. (Kahkahalar) Pekâlâ DeSean, sen öyle diyorsan.
en-tr
Reading?
مطالعه؟
en-fa
Completely different story.
História bem diferente.
en-pt-br
"Mr. Irby, I can't read.
"Mr. Irby, ben okuyamıyorum.
en-tr
I'm never going to learn to read," he would say.
Mai no n'aprendré" solia dir-me.
en-ca
I taught DeSean to read, but there are countless black boys who remain trapped in illiteracy.
DeSean ကို စာဖတ်တာသင်ပေးတယ်၊ ဒါပေမဲ့ စာမတတ်မှုမှာ ရုန်းမထွက်နိုင်သေးတဲ့ လူမည်းကောင်လေးတွေက အနမတဂ္ဂပါ။
en-my
According to the US Department of Education, more than 85 percent of black male fourth graders are not proficient in reading.
アメリカ教育省によると 黒人男子 ４年生の 85パーセント以上は 読むことに堪能ではありません
en-ja
85 percent!
85 percento!
en-it
The more challenges to reading children face, the more culturally competent educators need to be.
ยิ่งเด็กเจอความยากในการอ่านมากเท่าไหร่ คุณครูจะต้องมีความสามารถ ทางวัฒนธรรมมากขึ้นเท่านั้น
en-th
Moonlighting as a stand-up comedian for the past eight years, I understand the importance of cultural competency, which I define as the ability to translate what you want someone else to know or be able to do into communication or experiences that they find relevant and engaging.
مونلایتنگ بۆماوەی هەشت ساڵە ،وەک کۆمیدی وەستاوی سەر ستەیج کاردەکات تێگەیشتم گرنگترین لایەنی کەلتورێکی سەرکەوتوو ئەوەیە کە توانای وەرگێڕانی ئەوەی هەبێت کە کەسێک چی دەزانێت و چی دەتوانێ بکات .لەبارەی پەیوەندی یان ئەزموونی منداڵی
en-ku
Before going on stage, I assess an audience.
每次在上台前，我會評估聽眾。
en-zh-tw
Are they white, are they Latino?
Це білі чи латиноамериканці?
en-uk
Are they old, young, professional, conservative?
Genç, yaşlı, profesyonel ya da muhafazakârlar mı?
en-tr
Then I curate and modify my jokes based on what I think would generate the most laughter.
然後我策劃和修改我的笑話 基於我認為會產生最多笑聲的想法。
en-zh-tw
While performing in a church, I could tell bar jokes.
لە کەنیسە چەند جارێک نوکتەی بێمانام گوت
en-ku
But that might not result in laughter.
Mas não resultaria em gargalhada.
en-pt-br
(Laughter) As a society, we're creating reading experiences for children that are the equivalent of telling bar jokes in a church.
(Lachen) Als Gesellschaft schaffen wir Leseerfahrungen für Kinder, als ob wir Barwitze in einer Kirche erzählen.
en-de
And then we wonder why so many children don't read.
然後我們想知道 為什麼這麼多孩子不愛閱讀。
en-zh-tw
Educator and philosopher Paulo Freire believed that teaching and learning should be two-way.
El educador y filósofo Paulo Freire creía que la enseñanza y el aprendizaje deberían ser bidireccionales.
en-es
Students shouldn't be viewed as empty buckets to be filled with facts but as cocreators of knowledge.
Ученики не должны быть просто коробками для наполнения фактами, а должны быть со-создателями знаний.
en-ru
Cookie-cutter curriculums and school policies that require students to sit statue-still or to work in complete silence -- these environments often exclude the individual learning needs, the interest and expertise of children.
A tömeggyártású tananyagok és oktatáspolitika megkövetelik a diáktól, hogy úgy üljön, mint egy szobor, vagy néma csendben dolgozzon – ilyen környezetben gyakran elvesznek az egyéni tanulási szükségletek, kialszik a gyerekekben az érdeklődés és a szaktudás.
en-hu
Especially black boys.
especialmente de los chicos negros.
en-es
Many of the children's books promoted to black boys focus on serious topics, like slavery, civil rights and biographies.
Muchos de los libros para niños que presentan a niños negros se centran en temas serios, como esclavitud, derechos civiles y biografías.
en-es
Less than two percent of teachers in the United States are black males.
Менее чем два процента учителей в США — чернокожие мужчины.
en-ru
And a majority of black boys are raised by single mothers.
و اکثریت پسران سیاه را مادران تنها بزرگ می‌کنند.
en-fa
There are literally young black boys who have never seen a black man reading.
Há jovens negros que nunca viram um homem negro lendo,
en-pt-br
Or never had a black man encourage him to read.
І навряд, чи хоч один темношкірий чоловік надихав їх читати.
en-uk
What cultural factors, what social cues are present that would lead a young black boy to conclude that reading is even something he should do?
どんな文化的要因や 社会的きっかけがあれば 黒人男子は 読書をすべきだという 結論に達するのでしょう？
en-ja
This is why I created Barbershop Books.
นี้คือเหตุผลที่ผมตั้งห้องสมุดร้านตัดผม Barbershop Books ขึ้นมา
en-th
It's a literacy nonprofit that creates child-friendly reading spaces in barber shops.
To je neprofitna pismenost koja stvara djeci ugodne prostore za čitanje u brijačnicama.
en-hr
The mission is simple: to help young black boys identify as readers.
我們的任務很簡單： 幫助黑人男孩認同自己為閱讀者。
en-zh-tw
Lots of black boys go to the barber shop once or twice a month.
Muitos vão à barbearia uma ou duas vezes no mês.
en-pt-br
Some see their barbers more than they see their fathers.
တစ်ချို့ဆို သူတို့အဖေတွေထက် ဆံပင်ညှပ်သမားကို ပိုတွေ့ကြတယ်။
en-my
Barbershop Books connects reading to a male-centered space and involves black men and boys' early reading experiences.
理髮店書籍將閱讀與 男性為中心的空間連結起來， 讓成年黑人男子參與 男孩早期的閱讀經驗。
en-zh-tw
This identity-based reading program uses a curated list of children's books recommended by black boys.
Tento čtenářský program založený na ztotožnění se využívá seznam vybraných dětských knih doporučených černošskými chlapci.
en-cs
These are the books that they actually want to read.
これらは 彼らが実際に読みたい本です
en-ja
Scholastic's 2016 Kids and Family Report found that the number one thing children look for when choosing a book is a book that will make them laugh.
스콜라스틱 출판사의 2016년 어린이와 가족 독서실태 보고서에 따르면 아이들이 책을 고를 때 첫 번째로 꼽는 것은 재미있어야 한다는 것이었습니다.
en-ko
So if we're serious about helping black boys and other children to read when it's not required, we need to incorporate relevant male reading models into early literacy and exchange some of the children's books that adults love so much for funny, silly or even gross books, like "Gross Greg".
우리가 정말로 흑인 남자아이들을 포함한 모든 아이들이 자발적으로 책을 읽게 하고 싶다면 초기 읽기 교육에서부터 어른들이 함께 책을 읽어야 합니다. 아동 독서 목록에서 어른들이 좋아하는 책 대신 웃기고 재밌는, 아니면 좀 "지저분한 그레그" 같은 책도 읽게 해줘야 해요.
en-ko
(Laughter) "You call them boogers. Greg calls them delicious little sugars."
(Rialles) "Vosaltres les anomeneu burilles. En Greg, boletes de sucre ben bones."
en-ca
(Laughter) That laugh, that positive reaction or gross reaction some of you just had, (Laughter) black boys deserve and desperately need more of that.
(Kahkahalar) Bu kahkaha, bu pozitif tepki ya da bazılarınızın iğrendiğini gösteren o tepki. (Kahkahalar) Zenci erkek çocukları bunu daha fazla hak ediyorlar ve buna çok ihtiyaçları var.
en-tr
Dismantling the savage inequalities that plague American education requires us to create reading experiences that inspire all children to say three words: I'm a reader.
Desmantelar a grande desigualdade que atormenta a educação americana requer que criemos experiências de leitura que inspirem todas as crianças a dizer três palavras: sou um leitor.
en-pt-br
Good morning everybody.
Добро утро на всички.
en-bg
I work with really amazing, little, itty-bitty creatures called cells.
Το αντικείμενό μου είναι τα πραγματικά απίστευτα μικρά τοσοδούλικα πλασματάκια που ονομάζονται κύτταρα.
en-el
And let me tell you what it's like to grow these cells in the lab.
A dovoľte mi povedať, aké to je pestovať tieto bunky v laboratóriu.
en-sk
I work in a lab where we take cells out of their native environment.
ฉันทำงานในห้องทดลองที่เราเอาเซลล์มาจากแหล่งที่อยู่ตามธรรมชาติของมัน
en-th
We plate them into dishes that we sometimes call petri dishes.
培養皿に入れます これはペトリ皿とも言います
en-ja
And we feed them -- sterilely of course -- with what we call cell culture media -- which is like their food -- and we grow them in incubators.
我們當然是用無菌的方式餵食這些細胞 用的是稱為細胞培養基的東西，這就如同它們的食物 然後我們在培養機中培養它們
en-zh-tw
Why do I do this?
Pourquoi fais-je cela ?
en-fr
We observe the cells in a plate, and they're just on the surface.
Kami mengamati sel di atas cawan ini, namun itu hanya permukaannya saja.
en-id
But what we're really trying to do in my lab is to engineer tissues out of them.
저희가 연구실에서 진짜로 하려는 일은 생체 조직을 조작하는 것이예요.
en-ko
What does that even mean?
I què significa això?
en-ca
Well it means growing an actual heart, let's say, or grow a piece of bone that can be put into the body.
To znamená vypěstovat skutečné srdce, například, nebo vypěstovat kost, kterou můžeme implantovat do těla.
en-cs
Not only that, but they can also be used for disease models.
И не только в тело. Их можно использовать при моделировании болезни.
en-ru
And for this purpose, traditional cell culture techniques just really aren't enough.
И для этой цели традиционных способов выращивания клеток недостаточно.
en-ru
The cells are kind of homesick; the dish doesn't feel like their home.
Las células tienen una especie de nostalgia; la placa no les resulta familiar.
en-es
And so we need to do better at copying their natural environment to get them to thrive.
E quindi dobbiamo migliorare nel ricreare il loro ambiente naturale per far sì che prosperino.
en-it
We call this the biomimetic paradigm -- copying nature in the lab.
To zovemo biomimetičkom paradigmom -- kopiranje prirode u laboratoriju.
en-hr
Let's take the example of the heart, the topic of a lot of my research.
我們拿心臟來當例子好了 這是我研究很多的主題
en-zh-tw
What makes the heart unique?
Mitől egyedi a szív?
en-hu
Well, the heart beats, rhythmically, tirelessly, faithfully.
Se sykkii rytmissä, väsymättä, uskollisesti.
en-fi
We copy this in the lab by outfitting cell culture systems with electrodes.
Mi kopiramo taj proces u laboratoriji tako što stimulišemo ćelije u kulturi elektrodama.
en-sr
These electrodes act like mini pacemakers to get the cells to contract in the lab.
Estes elétrodos são semelhantes a pequenos "pacemakers" de modo a que as células contraiam no laboratório.
en-pt
What else do we know about the heart?
Kalp hakkında başka ne biliyoruz?
en-tr
Well, heart cells are pretty greedy.
Jo hjärtceller är ganska giriga.
en-sv
Nature feeds the heart cells in your body with a very, very dense blood supply.
Alam memberi makan sel jantung di dalam tubuh Anda dengan darah yang sangat pekat.
en-id
In the lab, we micro-pattern channels in the biomaterials on which we grow the cells, and this allows us to flow the cell culture media, the cells' food, through the scaffolds where we're growing the cells -- a lot like what you might expect from a capillary bed in the heart.
I laboratoriet former vi i mikro mønstre, kanaler i biomaterialet hvorpå vi dyrker cellerne. Det giver os mulighed for at få en slags strøm igennem folderne i cellekultur mediet, cellernes mad, der hvor vi dyrker cellerne -- det er en hel del som man ville forvente i et af hjertets kapillære kammer.
en-da
So this brings me to lesson number one: life can do a lot with very little.
Hal ini membawa saya kepada pelajaran nomor satu: hidup dapat melakukan banyak hal dengan sedikit bahan.
en-id
Let's take the example of electrical stimulation.
Візьмемо, для прикладу, електростимуляцію.
en-uk
Let's see how powerful just one of these essentials can be.
Нека да видим колко мощен може да един от тези необходими елементи.
en-bg
On the left, we see a tiny piece of beating heart tissue that I engineered from rat cells in the lab.
در سمت چپ، ما یک تکه کوچک از بافت تپشدار قلب را می بینیم که من از سلولهای موشها در آزمایشگاه مهندسی کردم.
en-fa
It's about the size of a mini marshmallow.
Se on pienen vaahtokarkin kokoinen.
en-fi
And after one week, it's beating.
وبعد أسبوع، إنها تنبض.
en-ar
You can see it in the upper left-hand corner.
Це видно у верхньому лівому кутку,
en-uk
But don't worry if you can't see it so well.
Ale netrápte sa, ak to dobre nevidíte.
en-sk
It's amazing that these cells beat at all.
這些細胞光是會跳動就很令人驚奇了
en-zh-tw
But what's really amazing is that the cells, when we electrically stimulate them, like with a pacemaker, that they beat so much more.
אבל מה שמדהים באמת זה שהתאים, כשאנחנו מגרים אותם חשמלית כמו עם קוצב לב, הם פועמים מהר יותר.
en-he
But that brings me to lesson number two: cells do all the work.
A to me dovodi do lekcije broj dva: stanice obave cijeli posao.
en-hr
In a sense, tissue engineers have a bit of an identity crisis here, because structural engineers build bridges and big things, computer engineers, computers, but what we are doing is actually building enabling technologies for the cells themselves.
조직공학은 어떤 정체성의 문제가 있다고 할 수 있는데, 왜냐하면 구조공학에서는 다리를 건설하거나 큰 무언가를 만들고 컴퓨터 공학에서는 컴퓨터를 만들지만 조직공학에서 하는 일은 세포가 스스로 자라게 하는 기술이기 때문입니다.
en-ko
What does this mean for us?
O que isto significa para nós?
en-pt-br
Let's do something really simple.
Poďme spraviť niečo veľmi jednoduché.
en-sk
Let's remind ourselves that cells are not an abstract concept.
Hajde da se podsetimo da ćelije nisu neki apstraktni koncept.
en-sr
Let's remember that our cells sustain our lives in a very real way.
Нека си спомним, че клетките поддържат живота ни по един много истински начин.
en-bg
"We are what we eat," could easily be described as, "We are what our cells eat."
"Somos o que comemos," podia ser facilmente descrito como: "Somos o que as nossas células comem."
en-pt