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There's designers and builders of cities who are very interested. | 매우 관심을 보이고 있는 도시 설계자들과 건설자들이 있습니다. | en-ko |
They even can bring with them some financing. | 这些甚至能带给他们一些经济支持。 | en-zh-cn |
But the one thing you know they've already solved is that there's lots of tenants. | 但是，你很清楚有一件問題是他們已經先解決了 那就是有大量的房客 | en-zh-tw |
There's lots of businesses that would like to locate in the Americas, especially in a place with a free trade zone, and there's lots of people who'd like to go there. | Rengeteg vállalkozás van, aki szívesen letelepülne az amerikai kontinensre, különösen szabad kereskedelmi zónába, és rengeteg ember van, aki beköltözne. | en-hu |
Around the world, there's 700 million people who say they'd like to move permanently someplace else right now. | rreth botes jane 700 milion njerez te cilet thone se deshirojne te shkojne diku tjeter | en-sq |
There's a million a year who leave Latin America to go to the United States. | Jane mbi nje milion ne vite te cilet e leshojn Ameriken Latine per te shkuar ne SHBA. | en-sq |
Many of these are a father who has to leave his family behind to go get a job -- sometimes a single mother who has to get enough money to even pay for food or clothing. | Много от тези са бащи, които трябва да оставят семействата си, за да си намерят работа -- понякога дори самотна майка, която няма достатъчно пари да плаща дори за храна и облекло. | en-bg |
Sadly, sometimes there are even children who are trying to get reunited with their parents that they haven't seen, in some cases, for a decade. | Bohužel to jsou děti, které se snaží setkat s rodiči, které v některých případech neviděly celých deset let. | en-cs |
So what kind of an idea is it to think about building a brand new city in Honduras? | Vậy là ý tưởng kiểu nào nếu nó là ý tưởng hướng tới xây dựng một thành phố hoàn toàn mới ở Honduras? | en-vi |
Or to build a dozen of these, or a hundred of these, around the world? | Ou construir uma dúzia delas, ou uma centena delas, mundo afora? | en-pt-br |
What kind of an idea is it to think about insisting that every family have a choice of several cities that are competing to attract new residents? | اي نوع من الافكار هي ان نفكر بمنح كل عائلة الخيار بين عدد من المدن التي تتنافس لاجتذاب السكان الجدد؟ | en-ar |
This is an idea worth spreading. | To je ideja vrijedna širenja. | en-hr |
And my friends from Honduras asked me to say thank you, TED. | 我的洪都拉斯的朋友 让我来说声感谢，TED。 | en-zh-cn |
I want you to imagine two couples in the middle of 1979 on the exact same day, at the exact same moment, each conceiving a baby, OK? | Ik wil dat je je twee koppels voorstelt, midden 1979. Op exact dezelfde dag, op exact hetzelfde moment, verwekken ze elk een baby. Twee koppels verwekken dus elk een baby. | en-nl |
So two couples each conceiving one baby. | Nie chcę, żebyście zbyt długo wyobrażali sobie sam akt poczęcia, | en-pl |
Now I don't want you to spend too much time imagining the conception, because if you do, you're not going to listen to me, so just imagine that for a moment. | nes jei jūs visą laiką įsivaizduosite apvaisinimą, jūs neklausysite, ką aš kalbu. Taigi, įsivaizduokite tai tik sekundėlę. | en-lt |
And in this scenario, I want to imagine that, in one case, the sperm is carrying a Y chromosome, meeting that X chromosome of the egg. | Jag vill att ni tänker att för ett av paren så bär spermien som befruktar ägget på en Y-kromosom medan ägget bär en X-kromoson. | en-sv |
And in the other case, the sperm is carrying an X chromosome, meeting the X chromosome of the egg. | 另一種情況 攜帶者X染色體的精子, 遇到攜帶者X染色體的卵子。 | en-zh-tw |
Both are viable; both take off. | كلاهما قابل للحياة ، وكلاهما جاهز للعمل . | en-ar |
We'll come back to these people later. | Voltaremos a estas pessoas mais tarde. | en-pt-br |
So I wear two hats in most of what I do. | Στο μεγαλύτερο κομμάτι της δουλειάς μου ο ρόλος μου είναι διττός. | en-el |
As the one hat, I do history of anatomy. | Jedna z nich je história anatómie. | en-sk |
I'm a historian by training, and what I study in that case is the way that people have dealt with anatomy -- meaning human bodies, animal bodies -- how they dealt with bodily fluids, concepts of bodies; how have they thought about bodies. | Jestem z wykształcenia historyczką i z tej pozycji badam, jak ludzie traktowali anatomię - rozumianą jako kwestia ludzkich i zwierzęcych ciał - jak traktowali wydzieliny ciała, koncepcję ciała, jak myśleli o ciałach. | en-pl |
The other hat that I've worn in my work is as an activist, as a patient advocate -- or, as I sometimes say, as an impatient advocate -- for people who are patients of doctors. | Di sisi lain pekerjaan saya, saya seorang aktivis, sebagai pembela pasien -- atau, seperti yang terkadang saya katakan, pembela yang tidak sabar -- bagi orang-orang yang menjadi pasien. | en-id |
In that case, what I've worked with is people who have body types that challenge social norms. | V tomto prípade som pracovala s ľuďmi, ktorých telá napádajú sociálne normy. | en-sk |
So some of what I've worked on, for example, is people who are conjoined twins -- two people within one body. | אז, כמה מהאנשים שעבדתי איתם, לשם דוגמא, היו אנשים שהם תאומים מחוברים, שני אנשים בתוך גוף אחד. | en-he |
Some of what I've worked on is people who have dwarfism -- so people who are much shorter than typical. | Niektórzy to ludzie dotknięci karłowatością, czyli ludzie o wzroście znacznie niższym niż typowy. | en-pl |
And a lot of what I've worked on is people who have atypical sex -- so people who don't have the standard male or the standard female body types. | Och många jag har arbetat med är människor med annorlunda kön -- människor som inte har den vanliga manliga eller kvinnliga kroppen. | en-sv |
And as a general term, we can use the term "intersex" for this. | E para isto podemos usar como um termo generalizado o termo intersexual. | en-pt-br |
Intersex comes in a lot of different forms. | Інтерсексуальність може мати різні прояви. | en-uk |
I'll just give you a few examples of the types of ways you can have sex that isn't standard for male or female. | Vi darò alcuni esempi di sesso che non rientra negli stereotipi maschili e femminili. | en-it |
So in one instance, you can have somebody who has an XY chromosomal basis, and that SRY gene on the Y chromosome tells the proto-gonads, which we all have in the fetal life, to become testes. | Jadi sebagai contoh, mungkin ada orang yang memiliki kromosom XY dan gen SRY pada kromosom Y memerintahkan proto-gonad, yang kita miliki saat di dalam kandungan untuk menjadi testis. Sehingga di dalam kandungan, testis mengeluarkan testosteron. | en-id |
But because this individual lacks receptors to hear that testosterone, the body doesn't react to the testosterone. | Επειδή όμως αυτό το άτομο δεν διαθέτει υποδοχείς για να «ακούσει» αυτή την τεστοστερόνη, ο οργανισμός δεν αντιδρά στην τεστοστερόνη. | en-el |
So lots of levels of testosterone, but no reaction to it. | كثير من مستويات هرمون تستوستيرون ، ولكن لا رد فعل لها . | en-ar |
As a consequence, the body develops more along the female typical path. | En conséquence, le corps se développe plus selon un modèle typiquement féminin. | en-fr |
When the child is born, she looks like a girl. | Когато се роди детето, прилича на момиче. | en-bg |
She is a girl, she is raised as a girl. | Hon är en flicka. Hon uppfostras som flicka. | en-sv |
And it's often not until she hits puberty and she's growing and developing breasts, but she's not getting her period, that somebody figures out something's up here. | ve bu kız ergenlik çağına gelinceye kadar böyle devam ediyor. ve kız büyüyor, göğüsleri gelişmeye başlıyor, ancak reglisi başlamıyor, birilerinin burda ne olduğunu bulması gerek. ve anlamak için testler yapılmaya başlanıyor | en-tr |
And they do some tests and figure out that, instead of having ovaries inside and a uterus, she has testes inside, and she has a Y chromosome. | že namiesto toho, aby mala vaječníky a maternicu, má vnútri seba semenníky a chromozóm Y. Čomu je dôležité rozumieť, je, | en-sk |
Now what's important to understand is you may think of this person as really being male, but they're really not. | poate credeţi că persoana respectivă e de fapt bărbat, dar nu e chiar aşa. Femeile, ca şi bărbaţii, | en-ro |
Females, like males, have in our bodies something called the adrenal glands. | memiliki sesuatu yang disebut kelenjar adrenal. Kelenjar itu ada di bagian belakang tubuh. | en-id |
They're in the back of our body. | E as glândulas supra-renais produzem androgénios | en-pt |
And the adrenal glands make androgens, which are a masculinizing hormone. | que são um hormônio masculinizante. | en-pt-br |
Most females like me -- I believe myself to be a typical female -- I don't actually know my chromosomal make-up, but I think I'm probably typical -- most females like me are actually androgen-sensitive. | 私の体は標準的な女性だと思いますが 自分の染色体構成を知りません 多分標準的とは思います 私を含めてほとんどの女性は アンドロゲン感受性があります | en-ja |
We're making androgen, and we're responding to androgens. | Chúng tôi tạo ra androgen, và có phản ứng với androgen. | en-vi |
The consequence is that somebody like me has actually had a brain exposed to more androgens than the woman born with testes who has androgen insensitivity syndrome. | والنتيجة هي أن شخصاً مثلي قد تعرضت إلى تأثير هرمون أندروجين أكثر من إمرأة ولدت بخصيتين التى لديها أعراض قلة حساسية تجاه الأندروجين . | en-ar |
So sex is really complicated -- it's not just that intersex people are in the middle of all the sex spectrum -- in some ways, they can be all over the place. | Так что вопрос половой принадлежности очень сложный, а интерсексуальность — это не что-то среднее, в некотором смысле, это что угодно. Ещё один пример. | en-ru |
Another example: a few years ago I got a call from a man who was 19 years old, who was born a boy, raised a boy, had a girlfriend, had sex with his girlfriend, had a life as a guy, and had just found out that he had ovaries and a uterus inside. | Преди няколко години ми се обади 19-годишен мъж, който е роден като момче, отгледан е като момче, има приятелка, прави секс с приятелката си, има живот на мъж, и наскоро са открили, че в тялото му има яйчници и матка. | en-bg |
What he had was an extreme form of a condition called congenital adrenal hyperplasia. | Mal mimoriadny druh vrodenej nadobličkovej hyperplázie. | en-sk |
He had XX chromosomes, and in the womb, his adrenal glands were in such high gear that it created, essentially, a masculine hormonal environment. | Dia memiliki kromosom XX dan sewaktu di dalam kandungan kelenjar adrenalnya sangat aktif sehingga kelenjar itu menciptakan lingkungan hormon maskulin. | en-id |
And as a consequence, his genitals were masculinized, his brain was subject to the more typical masculine component of hormones. | Ως συνέπεια, τα γεννητικά του όργανα ήταν ανδρικά, καθώς ο εγκέφαλός του παρήγαγε τις πιο τυπικές ανδρικές ορμόνες. | en-el |
And he was born looking like a boy -- nobody suspected anything. | 그는 남자아이처럼 태어났고, 아무도 의심하지 않았죠. | en-ko |
And it was only when he had reached the age of 19 that he began to have enough medical problems from menstruating internally, that doctors figured out that, in fact, he was female, internally. | I tek kada je došao do 19. godine počeli su njegovi ozbiljniji medicinski problemi, od unutrašnje mentruacije kada su doktori otkrili da je on unutra zapravo žensko. | en-hr |
OK, so just one more quick example of a way you can have intersex. | Một ví dụ nhỏ khác về hiện tượng lưỡng tính là | en-vi |
Some people who have XX chromosomes develop what are called ovotestis, which is when you have ovarian tissue with testicular tissue wrapped around it. | XX kromozomu olan insanların bir kısmı ovo-testis geliştirirler, yani rahim dokunuz vardır ve rahim testis dokusu ile çevrelenmiştir. | en-tr |
And we're not exactly sure why that happens. | Vi vet inte säkert varför det händer. | en-sv |
So sex can come in lots of different varieties. | כך שמין יכול לבוא במגוון שלם של אפיונים. | en-he |
The reason that children with these kinds of bodies -- whether it's dwarfism, or it's conjoined twinning, or it's an intersex type -- are often "normalized" by surgeons is not because it actually leaves them better off in terms of physical health. | Ο λόγος που τα παιδιά με αυτού του είδους τα σώματα -είτε πρόκειται για νανισμό, για σιαμαία δίδυμα, ή ερμαφροδιτισμό- υπόκεινται σε χειρουργικές διορθωτικές επεμβάσεις, δεν είναι ουσιαστικά επειδή έτσι βελτιώνεται η υγεία τους. | en-el |
In many cases, people are actually perfectly healthy. | V mnohých prípadoch sú títo ľudia úplne zdraví. | en-sk |
The reason they're often subject to various kinds of surgeries is because they threaten our social categories. | Il motivo dell'intervento chirurgico risiede nello scongiurare la minaccia che rappresentano per le nostre categorie sociali. | en-it |
Our system has been based typically on the idea that a particular kind of anatomy comes with a particular identity. | Nasz system jest zazwyczaj oparty na założeniu, że określona konstytucja anatomiczna niesie określoną tożsamość. | en-pl |
So we have the concept that what it means to be a woman is to have a female identity; what it means to be a black person is, allegedly, to have an African anatomy in terms of your history. | Mamy zatem wyobrażenie, że być kobietą to mieć żeńską tożsamość; być czarnoskórym to, przypuszczalnie, mieć afrykańską anatomię pod względem historii. | en-pl |
And so we have this terribly simplistic idea. | 因此我們就有了這種過於簡單而糟糕的認識。 | en-zh-tw |
And when we're faced with a body that actually presents us something quite different, it startles us in terms of those categorizations. | Als we geconfronteerd worden met een lichaam dat ons eigenlijk iets heel anders presenteert, jaagt dat ons angst aan in termen van die categorieën. | en-nl |
So we have a lot of very romantic ideas in our culture about individualism. | Vi har många romantiska idéer i vår kultur om individualitet. | en-sv |
And our nation's really founded on a very romantic concept of individualism. | ロマンチックな 概念のもとに築かれています | en-ja |
You can imagine how startling then it is when you have children who are born who are two people inside of one body. | Viete si teda predstaviť aké zarážajúce to potom je, keď sa narodí dieťa s dvoma jedincami vo svojom tele. | en-sk |
Where I ran into the most heat from this most recently was last year when South African runner, Caster Semenya, had her sex called into question at the International Games in Berlin. | Наиболее остро эта тема встала год назад, с южно-африканской бегуньей Кастер Семеней, чья половая принадлежность оказалась под вопросом на Чемпионате мира по лёгкой атлетике в Берлине. | en-ru |
I had a lot of journalists calling me, asking me, "Which is the test they're going to run that will tell us whether or not Caster Semenya is male or female?" | Muitos jornalistas me telefonaram perguntando: “Qual é o teste que vão fazer que nos dirá se Caster Semenya é homem ou mulher?” | en-pt-br |
And I had to explain to the journalists there isn't such a test. | Musiałam tłumaczyć dziennikarzom, że nie ma takiego badania. | en-pl |
In fact, we now know that sex is complicated enough that we have to admit: Nature doesn't draw the line for us between male and female, or between male and intersex and female and intersex; we actually draw that line on nature. | Na verdade, sabemos agora que o sexo é tão complicado que temos de admitir que a natureza não nos traçou a linha entre masculino e feminino, ou entre masculino e intersexual e feminino e intersexual; nós na verdade traçamos essa linha pela natureza. | en-pt |
So what we have is a sort of situation where the farther our science goes, the more we have to admit to ourselves that these categories that we thought of as stable anatomical categories, that mapped very simply to stable identity categories are a lot more fuzzy than we thought. | Şimdi öyle bir komuma geldik ki bilim ilerledikçe kendimize itiraf etmemiz gereken bizim durağan anatomik katogoriler olarak düşünüp basitçe haritalandırıp durağan kimlik katogorileri oluşturduğumuz bu kategorilerin düşündüğümüzden çok daha karmaşık olduğudur. | en-tr |
And it's not just in terms of sex. | Şi nu doar în termeni de sex. | en-ro |
It's also in terms of race, which turns out to be vastly more complicated than our terminology has allowed. | De asemenea în termeni de rasă, care se dovedeşte a fi mult mai complicată decât ne permit limitele terminologiei. | en-ro |
As we look, we get into all sorts of uncomfortable areas. | Kada pogledamo, dolazimo do raznih vrsta neugodnih područja. | en-hr |
We look, for example, about the fact that we share at least 95 percent of our DNA with chimpanzees. | 我们来看一个例子，现实情况是 我们用95%的人类的DNA 与大猩猩进行对比 | en-zh-cn |
What are we to make of the fact that we differ from them only, really, by a few nucleotides? | Wat moeten we denken van het feit dat we maar een paar nucleotiden van hen verschillen? | en-nl |
And as we get farther and farther with our science, we get more and more into a discomforted zone, where we have to acknowledge that the simplistic categories we've had are probably overly simplistic. | Y a medida que progresamos en la ciencia nos metemos cada vez más en una zona incómoda en la que tenemos que reconocer que las categorías simplistas que manejábamos probablemente son demasiado simplistas. | en-es |
So we're seeing this in all sorts of places in human life. | Vedem asta într-o mulţime de aspecte din viaţa umană. | en-ro |
One of the places we're seeing it, for example, in our culture, in the United States today, is battles over the beginning of life and the end of life. | Jedno od mjesta na kojem to vidimo su, na primjer, u našoj današnjoj kulturi, danas u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, bitke oko početka života i završetka života. | en-hr |
We have difficult conversations about at what point we decide a body becomes a human, such that it has a different right than a fetal life. | Nós temos conversas difíceis sobre em que ponto decidimos que um corpo se torna humano, de tal modo que tem direitos diferentes de um feto. | en-pt |
We have very difficult conversations nowadays -- probably not out in the open as much as within medicine -- about the question of when somebody's dead. | لدينا مناقشات حاده جداً هذه الأيام -- ربما ليست فى العلن بقدر ما في الطب -- حول مسألة متى يعتبر شخص ما ميت . | en-ar |
In the past, our ancestors never had to struggle so much with this question of when somebody was dead. | У минулому наші предки не мали жодних сумнівів з приводу того, коли саме вважати людину мертвою. Зазвичай, вони прикладали до носа людини пір'я, | en-uk |
At most, they'd stick a feather on somebody's nose, and if it twitched, they didn't bury them yet. | و اگر اون منقبض شد، اونها اون رو دفن نمی کردند. اگر اون حالت منقبض شدن قطع شد، اونها اون رو دفن می کردند. | en-fa |
If it stopped twitching, you bury them. | Но сегодня мы находимся в ситуации, | en-ru |
But today, we have a situation where we want to take vital organs out of beings and give them to other beings. | 今は 生命維持に必要な臓器を 取り出して 他者へと 移植するようになりました | en-ja |
And as a consequence, we have to struggle with this really difficult question about who's dead, and this leads us to a really difficult situation where we don't have such simple categories as we've had before. | Dan sebagai akibatnya, kita terjebak dalam pertarungan tentang pertanyaan yang sangat sulit ini tentang siapa yang meninggal dan hal ini membawa kita pada keadaan yang sangat sulit di mana tidak ada lagi hal sederhana yang kita miliki sebelumnya. | en-id |
Now you might think that all this breaking-down of categories would make somebody like me really happy. | Možno si myslíte, že celé toto rozoberanie kategórií by niekoho, ako som ja, urobilo veľmi šťastným. | en-sk |
I'm a political progressive, I defend people with unusual bodies, but I have to admit to you that it makes me nervous. | Je suis progressiste politiquement, je défends des gens qui ont des corps hors du commun, mais je dois admettre que ça me rend nerveuse. Il faut comprendre que le fait que ces catégories | en-fr |
Understanding that these categories are really much more unstable than we thought makes me tense. | הן למעשה הרבה פחות יציבות ממה שחשבנו, מלחיצה אותי. | en-he |
It makes me tense from the point of view of thinking about democracy. | Tesa dal punto di vista del concetto di democrazia. | en-it |
So in order to tell you about that tension, I have to first admit to you a huge fan of the Founding Fathers. | Για να σας εξηγήσω γιατί νιώθω αυτή την ένταση, πρέπει να παραδεχτώ ότι είμαι λάτρης των Ιδρυτών του αμερικανικού έθνους. | en-el |
I know they were racists, I know they were sexist, but they were great. | أنا أعلم أنهم كانوا عنصريين , أعلم أنهم كانوا جنسيين , لكنهم كانوا عظماء . | en-ar |
I mean, they were so brave and so bold and so radical in what they did, that I find myself watching that cheesy musical "1776" every few years, and it's not because of the music, which is totally forgettable. | Εννοώ ότι ήταν τόσο γενναίοι και τολμηροί, και τόσο ριζοσπαστικοί σε ό,τι έκαναν με αποτέλεσμα να παρακολουθώ το κακόγουστο μιούζικαλ «1776» κάθε τόσο, και όχι λόγω της τελείως αδιάφορης μουσικής του. | en-el |
It's because of what happened in 1776 with the Founding Fathers. | C'est à cause de ce qui s'est passé en 1776 avec les Pères Fondateurs. | en-fr |
The Founding Fathers were, for my point of view, the original anatomical activists, and this is why. | Erau, din punctul meu de vedere, activiştii originari pentru anatomie, şi iată de ce. | en-ro |
What they rejected was an anatomical concept and replaced it with another one that was radical and beautiful and held us for 200 years. | 他们反对了一个解剖学的概念 并且用另一个取而代之 这个新进的美好的概念保持了200年 | en-zh-cn |
So as you all recall, what our Founding Fathers were rejecting was a concept of monarchy, and the monarchy was basically based on a very simplistic concept of anatomy. | Nếu các bạn còn nhớ, những người cha của chúng ta đã phủ nhận khái niệm của chế độ quân chủ. Và chế độ quân chủ về cơ bản dựa trên một khái niệm rất đơn giản của giải phẫu học. | en-vi |
The monarchs of the old world didn't have a concept of DNA, but they did have a concept of birthright. | Eski dünyanın kralları DNA kavramından habersizdi, ama doğumla kazanılan haklar kavramına sahiptiler. | en-tr |
They had a concept of blue blood. | 貴族の血統です | en-ja |
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