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But among all those ideas that inevitably flow out into the whole world thanks to our technology, are a lot of toxic ideas.
Büyük ölçüde. Ama, teknolojimiz sayesinde, kaçınılmaz bir biçimde yayılan düşüncüler arasında zehirli düşüncüler de var.
en-tr
Now, this has been realized for some time.
Սա արդեն բավական ժամանակ է, ինչ գիտակցվում է:
en-hy
Sayyid Qutb is one of the founding fathers of fanatical Islam, one of the ideologues that inspired Osama bin Laden.
Sayyid Qutb är en av grundarna av fanatisk islamism, en av ideologerna som inspirerade Usama bin Laden.
en-sv
"One has only to glance at its press films, fashion shows, beauty contests, ballrooms, wine bars and broadcasting stations." Memes.
"Man behöver bara kasta en blick på dess filmer, modevisningar, skönhetstävlingar, balsalar, vinbarer och radiostationer."
en-sv
These memes are spreading around the world and they are wiping out whole cultures.
Memy. Tyto memy se šíří do světa a vyhlazují celé kultury.
en-cs
They are wiping out languages.
دارن زبانها رو از بین میبرند.
en-fa
They are wiping out traditions and practices.
Vyhlazují tradice a zvyky.
en-cs
And it's not our fault, anymore than it's our fault when our germs lay waste to people that haven't developed the immunity.
Och det är inte vårt fel, mer än det är vårt fel när våra bakterier får förödande inverkan på folk som inte har utvecklat immunitet mot dem.
en-sv
We have an immunity to all of the junk that lies around the edges of our culture.
Kültürümüzün kenarlarında kalan bütün o değersiz şeylere karşı bağışıklığımız var.
en-tr
We're a free society, so we let pornography and all these things -- we shrug them off.
Ние сме свободно общество, позволяваме порнографията и всички тези неща -- не им обръщаме внимание.
en-bg
They're like a mild cold.
Son como un resfriado leve.
en-es
They're not a big deal for us.
没什么大不了
en-zh-cn
But we should recognize that for many people in the world, they are a big deal.
De fel kell ismernünk, hogy a világon számos ember számára igenis nagy ügy.
en-hu
And we should be very alert to this.
Y deberíamos estar alertas.
en-es
As we spread our education and our technology, one of the things that we are doing is we're the vectors of memes that are correctly viewed by the hosts of many other memes as a dire threat to their favorite memes -- the memes that they are prepared to die for.
mens vi sprer vår utdanning og vår teknologi, en av tingene vi gjør er å være vektorer for memer som er helt riktig sett fra andre verter med mange andre memer som en skummel trussel for deres egne foretrukkete memer -- memer som de er beredt til å dø for.
en-nb
Well now, how are we going to tell the good memes from the bad memes?
Muito bem, como vamos distinguir os bons memes dos memes ruins?
en-pt-br
That is not the job of the science of memetics.
Դա մեմետիկա գիտության գործը չէ:
en-hy
Memetics is morally neutral. And so it should be.
A memética é moralmente neutra. E assim é que ela deve ser.
en-pt-br
This is not the place for hate and anger.
See pole koht vihkamise ja viha jaoks.
en-et
If you've had a friend who's died of AIDS, then you hate HIV.
Če ste imeli prijatelja, ki je umrl za AIDS-om, potem sovražite HIV.
en-sl
But the way to deal with that is to do science, and understand how it spreads and why in a morally neutral perspective.
Но начинът да се борим с него е в науката, и да разберем как се разпространява и защо от морално неутрална гледна точка.
en-bg
Get the facts.
Verilere ulaşın.
en-tr
Work out the implications.
Finn ut konsekvensene.
en-nb
There's plenty of room for moral passion once we've got the facts and can figure out the best thing to do.
Veliko bo prostora za moralo, ko nademo dejstva in ugotovimo, kaj je najbolje storiti.
en-sl
And, as with germs, the trick is not to try to annihilate them.
Ja nagu pisikutegagi, on trikk proovida neid mitte hävitada.
en-et
You will never annihilate the germs.
Jamais vous ne pourrez les détruire.
en-fr
What you can do, however, is foster public health measures and the like that will encourage the evolution of avirulence.
Co ale můžete udělat, je podporovat veřejná zdravotní opatření a podobně což podpoří vývoj k neškodnosti nákazy.
en-cs
That will encourage the spread of relatively benign mutations of the most toxic varieties.
Det vil støtte opp under spredningen av relativt godartede mutasjoner innenfor de mest giftige slag.
en-nb
That's all the time I have, so thank you very much for your attention.
Tai visas man skirtas laikas, taigi labai dėkoju už jūsų dėmesį.
en-lt
This is a representation of your brain, and your brain can be broken into two parts.
これは脳を表しています 脳は二つの部分に分けられます
en-ja
There's the left half, which is the logical side, and then the right half, which is the intuitive.
Tu je leva hemisfera, ki je logična, tu pa desna hemisfera, ki je intuitivna.
en-sl
And so if we had a scale to measure the aptitude of each hemisphere, then we can plot our brain.
És ha lenne egy mérőeszközünk agyféltekéink rátermettségének vizsgálatára, akkor fel tudnánk térképezni az agyunkat.
en-hu
And for example, this would be somebody who's completely logical.
例えばこの場合 完全に論理的な人を表します
en-ja
This would be someone who's entirely intuitive.
А это - человек, полагающийся на интуицию.
en-ru
So where would you put your brain on this scale?
Kam byste na této stupnici umístili svůj mozek vy?
en-cs
Some of us may have opted for one of these extremes, but I think for most people in the audience, your brain is something like this -- with a high aptitude in both hemispheres at the same time.
一些人可能会选这极端情况的一种, 但是我觉得大多数听众, 你的大脑位置应该大致像这样-- 两个脑半球同时有着很高的潜力。
en-zh-cn
It's not like they're mutually exclusive or anything.
Tai nėra taip, kad jos vienu metu nesuderinamos.
en-lt
You can be logical and intuitive.
Pode-se ser lógico e intuitivo.
en-pt
And so I consider myself one of these people, along with most of the other experimental quantum physicists, who need a good deal of logic to string together these complex ideas.
Sam sebe prištevam med tiste ljudi, skupaj z večino drugih eksperimentalnih kvantnih fizikov, ki veliko uporabljajo logiko, da povežejo te zapletene zamisli.
en-sl
But at the same time, we need a good deal of intuition to actually make the experiments work.
A hkrati potrebujemo veliko intuicije, da lahko poskusi zaživijo.
en-sl
How do we develop this intuition? Well we like to play with stuff.
כיצד אנו מפתחים אינטואיציה זו? ובכן, אנו אוהבים לשחק עם דברים.
en-he
So we go out and play with it, and then we see how it acts, and then we develop our intuition from there.
Bu yüzden onunla iyice oynarız sonra onun nasıl davrandığına bakarız. Böylelikle sezgimiz gelişir.
en-tr
And really you do the same thing.
Tudi pri vas je enako.
en-sl
So some intuition that you may have developed over the years is that one thing is only in one place at a time.
何年もかけて 皆さんが培ってきた直感の一つは 一つの物は 同時に二つの場所に存在しないということです
en-ja
I mean, it can sound weird to think about one thing being in two different places at the same time, but you weren't born with this notion, you developed it.
Vreau să spun, poate să sune ciudat să te gândeşti la un lucru ca fiind în două locuri diferite în acelaşi timp, dar nu v-aţi născut cu noţiunea asta, aţi dezvoltat-o.
en-ro
And I remember watching a kid playing on a car stop.
Dan saya ingat melihat seorang anak bermain dengan pengganjal roda mobil.
en-id
He was just a toddler and he wasn't very good at it, and he kept falling over.
Dia seorang balita dan tidak mahir dengan hal ini, dan selalu jatuh.
en-id
But I bet playing with this car stop taught him a really valuable lesson, and that's that large things don't let you get right past them, and that they stay in one place.
그런데 아마 거기서 놀면서 아주 중요한 것을 배웠을 겁니다 큰 물체를 통과해서 지나갈 수는 없고 큰 물체는 한 곳에 가만히 있다는 것을요
en-ko
And so this is a great conceptual model to have of the world, unless you're a particle physicist.
Így ez egy komoly elméleti modell a világ felépítésére, kivéve persze, ha részecskefizikusok vagyunk.
en-hu
It'd be a terrible model for a particle physicist, because they don't play with car stops, they play with these little weird particles.
Byłby to okropny model dla fizyka cząsteczkowego, ponieważ oni nie bawią się z blokadą na samochody, ale z małymi dziwnymi cząsteczkami.
en-pl
And when they play with their particles, they find they do all sorts of really weird things -- like they can fly right through walls, or they can be in two different places at the same time.
Iar când se joacă cu particulele lor, descoperă că ele fac tot felul de lucruri ciudate -- cum ar fi că pot zbura prin pereţi, sau că pot fi în două locuri în acelaşi timp.
en-ro
And so they wrote down all these observations, and they called it the theory of quantum mechanics.
그래서 이런 관찰 결과들을 모두 기록하고는 그것들 두고 양자역학 이론이라고 했습니다
en-ko
And so that's where physics was at a few years ago; you needed quantum mechanics to describe little, tiny particles.
Era onde a física se encontrava há poucos anos. Era necessária a mecânica quântica para descrever partículas muito, muito pequeninas.
en-pt
But you didn't need it to describe the large, everyday objects around us.
اما شما برای توضیح اشیاء بزرگ که روزانه اطراف ما هستند ، به آن نیازی نداشتید
en-fa
This didn't really sit well with my intuition, and maybe it's just because I don't play with particles very often.
Tačiau tai nesutapo su mano intuicija, galbūt todėl, kad aš nežaidžiu su dalelėmis labai dažnai.
en-lt
Well, I play with them sometimes, but not very often.
我有時候也會玩這些, 但不是常常。
en-zh-tw
And I've never seen them.
انا لم آراهم
en-ar
I mean, nobody's ever seen a particle.
Turiu omeny, niekas niekada nėra matęs dalelės.
en-lt
But it didn't sit well with my logical side either.
אבל זה גם לא הסתדר לי עם ההיגיון.
en-he
Because if everything is made up of little particles and all the little particles follow quantum mechanics, then shouldn't everything just follow quantum mechanics?
Perché se tutto è composto da piccole particelle e tutte le particelle seguono la meccanica quantistica, allora la meccanica quantistica non dovrebbe applicarsi a tutto?
en-it
I don't see any reason why it shouldn't.
Не виждам никаква причина, поради която не трябва да е така.
en-bg
And so I'd feel a lot better about the whole thing if we could somehow show that an everyday object also follows quantum mechanics.
И така, щях да се почувствам много по-добре за цялото това нещо, ако можехме по някакъв начин да покажем, че всекидневен обект също следва квантовата механика.
en-bg
So a few years ago, I set off to do just that.
Έτσι, πριν μερικά χρόνια έβαλα μπρος να κάνω ακριβώς αυτό.
en-el
So I made one.
Udało mi się zrobić jeden projekt.
en-pl
This is the first object that you can see that has been in a mechanical quantum superposition.
これが機械的に 量子重ね合わせ状態になった 肉眼で見える初めての物体です
en-ja
So what we're looking at here is a tiny computer chip.
Então, o que estamos vendo aqui é um minúsculo chip de computador.
en-pt-br
And you can sort of see this green dot right in the middle.
而且你可以稍微看到這中間的綠點。
en-zh-tw
And that's this piece of metal I'm going to be talking about in a minute.
É desta peça de metal que vos vou falar dentro de um minuto.
en-pt
This is a photograph of the object.
Dit is een foto van het object.
en-nl
And here I'll zoom in a little bit. We're looking right there in the center.
Dan di sini saya akan zoom-in sedikit. Kita melihatnya di bagian tengah.
en-id
And then here's a really, really big close-up of the little piece of metal.
وهذه صورة مقربة جداً لقطعة المعدن تلك
en-ar
So what we're looking at is a little chunk of metal, and it's shaped like a diving board, and it's sticking out over a ledge.
Estamos a olhar para um pequeno pedaço de metal, que tem a forma de uma prancha, e sai mais de uma borda.
en-pt
And so I made this thing in nearly the same way as you make a computer chip.
E, pois bem, eu fiz esta coisa quase da mesma forma que se faz um chip de computador.
en-pt-br
I went into a clean room with a fresh silicon wafer, and then I just cranked away at all the big machines for about 100 hours.
Nuėjau į švarų kambarį su šviežia silicio lipde ir tuomet aš maždaug šimtą valandų gaminau visas tas dideles mašinas.
en-lt
For the last stuff, I had to build my own machine -- to make this swimming pool-shaped hole underneath the device.
Cuối cùng, tôi phải tự tạo ra chiếc máy của mình -- để làm ra cái hố dạng bể bơi này ở bên dưới thiết bị.
en-vi
This device has the ability to be in a quantum superposition, but it needs a little help to do it.
Il dispositivo ha la capacità di sovrapposizione quantistica, ma ha bisogno di un piccolo aiuto per riuscirci.
en-it
Here, let me give you an analogy.
現在,讓我給你們一個比喻。
en-zh-tw
You know how uncomfortable it is to be in a crowded elevator?
چگونه احساس ناراحتی در آسانسور شلوغ می کنید؟
en-fa
I mean, when I'm in an elevator all alone, I do all sorts of weird things, but then other people get on board and I stop doing those things because I don't want to bother them, or, frankly, scare them.
Es decir, cuando estoy en un elevador solo, hago toda clase de cosas raras, pero luego cuando otra gente sube dejo de hacer esas cosas, porque no los quiero molestar, o, en realidad, asustar.
en-es
So quantum mechanics says that inanimate objects feel the same way.
Mecanica cuantică spune că obiectele neînsufleţite se simt la fel.
en-ro
The fellow passengers for inanimate objects are not just people, but it's also the light shining on it and the wind blowing past it and the heat of the room.
Die Mitfahrer für unbewegliche Objekte sind nicht nur Menschen, sondern auch das Licht, das auf sie scheint und der Wind, der an ihnen vorbei fegt und die Hitze des Raums.
en-de
And so we knew, if we wanted to see this piece of metal behave quantum mechanically, we're going to have to kick out all the other passengers.
所以我們知道,如果我們想要看 這塊金屬以量子力學的方式呈現, 我們需要把所有乘客都趕出去。
en-zh-tw
And so that's what we did.
Và đó là những chúng tôi đã làm.
en-vi
We turned off the lights, and then we put it in a vacuum and sucked out all the air, and then we cooled it down to just a fraction of a degree above absolute zero.
Kita mematikan lampu, dan kita menempatkannya di vakum dan menyedot udara keluar, lalu kita dinginkan sehingga menjadi hanya sedikit di atas nol mutlak
en-id
Now, all alone in the elevator, the little chunk of metal is free to act however it wanted.
Sekarang, sendirian di lift, potongan kecil logam ini bebas untuk melakukan apa saja.
en-id
And so we measured its motion.
А мы в это время измеряли его движения.
en-ru
We found it was moving in really weird ways.
Dowiedzieliśmy się, że porusza się on w bardzo dziwny sposób.
en-pl
Instead of just sitting perfectly still, it was vibrating, and the way it was vibrating was breathing something like this -- like expanding and contracting bellows.
במקום פשוט להיות במנוחה, היא רטטה. והאופן בו רטטה היה לנשום ככה -- כאילו מפוח שמתפשט ומתכווץ.
en-he
And by giving it a gentle nudge, we were able to make it both vibrate and not vibrate at the same time -- something that's only allowed with quantum mechanics.
وبهز الجهاز قليلاً كنا على استطاعة بان نجعل الجسيم يهتز ولا يهتز في وقت واحد ! شيء يمكن القيام به فحسب في ميكانيكا الكم
en-ar
So what I'm telling you here is something truly fantastic.
Donc, ce que je suis entrain de vous raconter ici est réellement fantastique.
en-fr
What does it mean for one thing to be both vibrating and not vibrating at the same time?
Kaj pomeni, da stvar hkrati vibrira in ne vibrira?
en-sl
So let's think about the atoms.
Penseu en els àtoms.
en-ca
So in one case: all the trillions of atoms that make up that chunk of metal are sitting still and at the same time those same atoms are moving up and down.
Assim, um cenário: todo o trilhão de átomos que constituem aquele pedaço de metal estão parados e ao mesmo tempo esses mesmos átomos estão se movendo para cima e para baixo.
en-pt-br
Now it's only at precise times when they align.
Isso, apenas nos precisos momentos quando estão alinhados.
en-pt-br
The rest of the time they're delocalized.
Pada waktu yang lainnya, mereka terdelokalisasi.
en-id
That means that every atom is in two different places at the same time, which in turn means the entire chunk of metal is in two different places.
To pomeni, da je vsak atom na dveh različnih mestih hkrati, kar posledično pomeni, da je celoten koviski del na dveh mestih hkrati.
en-sl
I think this is really cool.
אני חושב שזה ממש מדליק.
en-he
(Laughter) Really.
(خنده حاضران) حقیقتا.
en-fa
(Applause) It was worth locking myself in a clean room to do this for all those years because, check this out, the difference in scale between a single atom and that chunk of metal is about the same as the difference between that chunk of metal and you.
(Aplavz) Bilo je vredno, da sem toliko let preždel v sterilni sobi in to počel. Le pomislite, da je razlika v velikosti med atomom in tem kosom kovine podobna razliki v velikosti med tem kosom in vami.
en-sl
So if a single atom can be in two different places at the same time, that chunk of metal can be in two different places, then why not you?
לכן אם אטום בודד יכול להיות בשני מקומות שונים בו-זמנית, ואותה פיסת מתכת יכולה להיות בשני מקומות שונים, אז מדוע לא אנחנו?
en-he