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It's a little brain worm.
Dat is een kleine hersenworm.
en-nl
It's a parasitic brain worm that has to get into the stomach of a sheep or a cow in order to continue its life cycle.
Tai parazitinė smegenų kirmelė, kuri turi patekti į avies ar karvės skrandį tam, kad pratęstų savo gyvenimo ciklą.
en-lt
Salmon swim upstream to get to their spawning grounds, and lancet flukes commandeer a passing ant, crawl into its brain, and drive it up a blade of grass like an all-terrain vehicle.
Сьомгата плува срещу течението, за да стигне до мястото, където хвърля хайвера си, а ланцета хваща някоя минаваща мравка, пропълзява в мозъка й и я кара нагоре по стрък трева като високопроходим автомобил.
en-bg
So there's nothing in it for the ant.
Det er altså ingen fordel for mauren.
en-nb
The ant's brain has been hijacked by a parasite that infects the brain, inducing suicidal behavior.
Mózg mrówki został uprowadzony przez pasożyta, który zaraża ten mózg, wywołując samobójcze zachowanie.
en-pl
Pretty scary.
Prilično strašno.
en-sr
Well, does anything like that happen with human beings?
Peki buna benzer şeyler insanlarda da oluyor mu?
en-tr
This is all on behalf of a cause other than one's own genetic fitness, of course.
Όλα αυτά βέβαια εκ μέρους μιας αιτίας εκτός της γενετικής του ικανότητας φυσικά.
en-el
Well, it may already have occurred to you that Islam means "surrender," or "submission of self-interest to the will of Allah."
Galbūt jūs jau žinote, kad "islamas" reiškia "pasiduoti" arba "savanaudiškumo perleidimas Alacho valiai".
en-lt
Well, it's ideas -- not worms -- that hijack our brains.
Takže, jsou to myšlenky -- nikoliv červi -- kteří přepadají naše mozky.
en-cs
Now, am I saying that a sizable minority of the world's population has had their brain hijacked by parasitic ideas?
Sto forse dicendo che una minoranza rilevante della popolazione mondiale è presa in ostaggio da idee parassite?
en-it
No, it's worse than that.
Không, nó còn tệ hơn thế nữa
en-vi
Most people have.
אדרבא, מדובר ברוב בני-האדם.
en-he
(Laughter) There are a lot of ideas to die for.
(Смех) Имеется множество идей, за которые люди готовы положить жизнь.
en-ru
Freedom, if you're from New Hampshire.
'자유'가 있죠. 뉴 햄프셔 출신이라면요.
en-ko
(Laughter) Justice. Truth. Communism.
(Rires) La Justice, la Vérité, le Communisme.
en-fr
Many people have laid down their lives for communism, and many have laid down their lives for capitalism.
Daug žmonių paaukojo savo gyvenimus dėl komunizmo, ir daug žmonių paaukojo savo gyvenimus dėl kapitalizmo.
en-lt
And many for Catholicism. And many for Islam.
A mnoho pro katolicismus. A mnoho pro Islám.
en-cs
These are just a few of the ideas that are to die for.
이는 목숨을 바칠만한 사상의 일부에 불과합니다.
en-ko
They're infectious.
Τις κολλάμε όλοι.
en-el
Yesterday, Amory Lovins spoke about "infectious repititis."
Dün, Amory Lovins "mikrobik tekrar"dan bahsetti.
en-tr
It was a term of abuse, in effect.
Foi um termo ofensivo, com efeito.
en-pt-br
This is unthinking engineering.
Относится к бездумному копированию идей и разработок.
en-ru
Well, most of the cultural spread that goes on is not brilliant, new, out-of-the-box thinking.
Het merendeel van de culturele verspreiding die zich afspeelt is niet briljant, nieuw, of denken vanuit nieuwe gezichtspunten.
en-nl
It's "infectious repetitis," and we might as well try to have a theory of what's going on when that happens so that we can understand the conditions of infection.
Ez ragályos ismétlődés. És megpróbálhatunk felállítani egy teóriát arról, hogy mi történik olyankor, így megérthetjük a fertőzés feltételeit.
en-hu
Hosts work hard to spread these ideas to others.
Les hôtes travaillent dur pour répandre ces idées.
en-fr
I myself am a philosopher, and one of our occupational hazards is that people ask us what the meaning of life is.
Jaz sem filozof in ena naših poklicnih nevarnosti je, da te ljudje sprašujejo, kaj je smisel življenja.
en-sl
And you have to have a bumper sticker, you know. You have to have a statement.
Și tu trebuie să ai un abțibild pe mașină, știţi, trebuie să ai o declarație.
en-ro
So, this is mine.
Вот вам моё.
en-ru
The secret of happiness is: Find something more important than you are and dedicate your life to it.
Le secret du bonheur est : Trouvez quelque chose de plus important que vous et dédiez y votre vie.
en-fr
Most of us -- now that the "Me Decade" is well in the past -- now we actually do this.
Çoğumuz, -- 70'ler epey geride kaldığına göre -- aslında şu anda bunu yapıyoruz.
en-tr
One set of ideas or another have simply replaced our biological imperatives in our own lives.
En uppsättning idéer eller en annan har helt enkelt ersatt våra biologiska drifter i våra liv.
en-sv
This is what our summum bonum is.
זהו הערך העליון בחיינו,
en-he
It's not maximizing the number of grandchildren we have.
torunlarımızın sayısını maksimize etmek değil.
en-tr
Now, this is a profound biological effect.
Αυτό, τώρα, είναι μια βαθιά βιολογική συνέπεια.
en-el
It's the subordination of genetic interest to other interests.
Tai - genetinių reikmių subordinavimas kitoms reikmėms.
en-lt
And no other species does anything at all like it.
Եվ ոչ մի այլ տեսակ դրա նման որևէ բան չի անում:
en-hy
Well, how are we going to think about this?
Nun, was sollen wir darüber denken?
en-de
It is, on the one hand, a biological effect, and a very large one.
Aan de ene kant een heel groot biologisch effect.
en-nl
Unmistakable.
紛れもありません
en-ja
Now, what theories do we want to use to look at this?
Ποιες θεωρίες, λοιπόν, θα χρησιμοποιήσουμε για να το εξετάσουμε αυτό;
en-el
Well, many theories. But how could something tie them together?
Nåväl, många teorier. Men hur kan vi binda samman dem?
en-sv
The idea of replicating ideas; ideas that replicate by passing from brain to brain.
Η ιδεά της ανατύπωσης ιδεών, ιδεών που ανατυπώνονται περνώντας από εγκέφαλο σε εγκέφαλο.
en-el
Richard Dawkins, whom you'll be hearing later in the day, invented the term "memes," and put forward the first really clear and vivid version of this idea in his book "The Selfish Gene."
ريتشرد دوكينز والذي ستسمعونه لاحقا ابتكر المصطلح "ميم" ..المخيال.. وقدم لإول مرة الفكرة بشكل واضح وصريح.. في كتابه "أنانية الصفة الوراثية."
en-ar
Now here am I talking about his idea.
Ora ne parlerò io stesso.
en-it
Well, you see, it's not his. Yes -- he started it.
Görüyorsunuz, artık onun değil. Tamam, -- o çıkardı.
en-tr
But it's everybody's idea now.
Joda -- han begynte den. Men den er blitt alles ide nå.
en-nb
And he's not responsible for what I say about memes.
Han är inte ansvarig för vad jag säger om memer.
en-sv
I'm responsible for what I say about memes.
Jag är ansvarig för vad jag säger om memer.
en-sv
Actually, I think we're all responsible for not just the intended effects of our ideas, but for their likely misuses.
Valójában, szerintem mindannyian felelősek vagyunk nemcsak az elméleteink jövőbeli hatásaiért, de az esetleges téves felhasználásokért is.
en-hu
So it is important, I think, to Richard, and to me, that these ideas not be abused and misused.
Por isso acho que é importante, para Richard e para mim, que estas ideias não sejam deturpadas ou mal utilizadas.
en-pt
They're very easy to misuse. That's why they're dangerous.
Jsou velmi snadno zneužitelné. Proto jsou nebezpečné.
en-cs
And it's just about a full-time job trying to prevent people who are scared of these ideas from caricaturing them and then running off to one dire purpose or another.
Treba nam puno radno vrijeme za sprječavanje ljudi koji se plaše ovih ideja od karikiranja tih ideja zbog raznih ciljeva.
en-hr
So we have to keep plugging away, trying to correct the misapprehensions so that only the benign and useful variants of our ideas continue to spread.
Vì vậy chúng ta phải không ngừng kiên trì và bền bỉ, cố gắng chỉnh sửa những cách hiểu sai lầm như thế thì lòng tốt và những biến thể hữu dụng từ
en-vi
But it is a problem.
Men det er et problem her.
en-nb
We don't have much time, and I'm going to go over just a little bit of this and cut out, because there's a lot of other things that are going to be said.
We hebben weinig tijd en ik ga er slechts een klein deel van bespreken omdat er nog vele andere dingen zijn die besproken zullen worden.
en-nl
So let me just point out: memes are like viruses.
Leiskite man pasakyti: memai yra lyg virusai.
en-lt
That's what Richard said, back in '93.
זה מה שריצ'רד אמר עוד ב-93.
en-he
And you might think, "Well, how can that be?
Vocês podem pensar: "Como é que isso é possível?
en-pt
I mean, a virus is -- you know, it's stuff! What's a meme made of?"
Turiu omeny, juk virusas yra, žinote, daiktas!
en-lt
Yesterday, Negroponte was talking about viral telecommunications but -- what's a virus?
De que é feito um meme? Ontem, Negroponte falou sobre telecomunicações virais mas... o que é um vírus?
en-pt
A virus is a string of nucleic acid with attitude.
ウイルスとは 行儀の悪い糸状の核酸です
en-ja
(Laughter) That is, there is something about it that tends to make it replicate better than the competition does.
(Nevetés) Van benne valami, amitől igyekszik a versenytársainál jobban sokszorozódni.
en-hu
And that's what a meme is. It's an information packet with attitude.
這也就是模因，它是一包有態度的資訊。
en-zh-tw
What's a meme made of? What are bits made of, Mom?
Miből van egy mém? Miből vannak a bit-ek, anya?
en-hu
Not silicon.
Nicht aus Silikon.
en-de
They're made of information, and can be carried in any physical medium.
Sie bestehen aus Information, und können in jedem physischen Medium transportiert werden.
en-de
What's a word made of?
Ինչի՞ց է բառը կազմված:
en-hy
Sometimes when people say, "Do memes exist?"
לעתים, כשאנשים שואלים, "האם הממים קיימים?"
en-he
I say, "Well, do words exist? Are they in your ontology?"
Vastan ma: “Kas sõnad eksisteerivad? Kas nad on sinu jaoks ontoloogiliselt olemas?”
en-et
If they are, words are memes that can be pronounced.
Ako jesu, reči su memi koji se mogu izgovoriti.
en-sr
Then there's all the other memes that can't be pronounced.
Như thế thì có rất nhiều memes khác mà chúng ta không thể đánh vần được.
en-vi
There are different species of memes.
Postoje različite vrste mema.
en-hr
Remember the Shakers? Gift to be simple?
Kommer ni ihåg Shakers? Enkelhet är en dygd?
en-sv
Simple, beautiful furniture?
Jednoduchý, nádherný nábytek?
en-cs
And, of course, they're basically extinct now.
当然了，他们基本上已经灭绝了。
en-zh-cn
And one of the reasons is that among the creed of Shaker-dom is that one should be celibate.
其中的一个原因是，他们的信条当中， 有一条求要独身。
en-zh-cn
Not just the priests. Everybody.
聖職者だけでなく 皆です
en-ja
Well, it's not so surprising that they've gone extinct. (Laughter) But in fact that's not why they went extinct.
Jeder. Es ist also nicht überraschend, dass sie ausgestorben sind. (Lachen) Aber das ist nicht die eigentliche Ursache für ihr Aussterben.
en-de
They survived as long as they did at a time when the social safety nets weren't there.
Oni su preživljavali koliko jesu u vreme kada nisu postojale društvene bezbednosne mreže.
en-sr
And there were lots of widows and orphans, people like that, who needed a foster home.
Имало е много вдовици и сираци, хора, които са имали нужда от приемен дом.
en-bg
And so they had a ready supply of converts.
Ze hadden dus een beschikbare voorraad bekeerlingen.
en-nl
And they could keep it going.
这样他们就不会绝迹。
en-zh-cn
And, in principle, it could've gone on forever, with perfect celibacy on the part of the hosts.
В принципе, это могло продолжаться бесконечно. При полном безбрачии носителей
en-ru
The idea being passed on through proselytizing, instead of through the gene line.
Idėja yra perduodama atverčiant į tikėjimą, o ne per genų liniją.
en-lt
So the ideas can live on in spite of the fact that they're not being passed on genetically.
De ideeën houden dus stand ondanks het feit dat ze niet op genetische basis werden overgedragen.
en-nl
A meme can flourish in spite of having a negative impact on genetic fitness.
پس یک مم میتونه منتشر بشه بطوری که حتی بر سلامتی ژنی تاثیر کاملا منفی بذاره.
en-fa
After all, the meme for Shaker-dom was essentially a sterilizing parasite.
Till syvende och sist så var memet Shaker-läran i grunden en parasit som orsakade sterilitet.
en-sv
There are other parasites that do this -- which render the host sterile.
Hay otros parásitos que también hacen esto -- que dejan a su hospedador estéril.
en-es
It's part of their plan.
Es parte de su plan.
en-es
They don't have to have minds to have a plan.
Ils n'ont pas besoin d'esprits pour avoir un plan.
en-fr
I'm just going to draw your attention to just one of the many implications of the memetic perspective, which I recommend.
Ich möchte Ihre Aufmerksamkeit nur auf eine der vielen Implikationen der memetischen Anschauungsweise lenken, die ich empfehle.
en-de
I've not time to go into more of it.
Nie mam czasu by bardziej się w to wgłębiać.
en-pl
In Jared Diamond's wonderful book, "Guns, Germs and Steel," he talks about how it was germs, more than guns and steel, that conquered the new hemisphere -- the Western hemisphere -- that conquered the rest of the world.
في كتاب جيرد دايموندس الرائع "البنادق، الجراثيم، والحديد" يتحدث عن كيف قامت الجراثيم وليس البنادق أو الحديد.. بغزو نصف الكرة الأرضية الشمالي الجديد.. الغربي.. والتي غزت بقية أنحاء العالم.
en-ar
When European explorers and travelers spread out, they brought with them the germs that they had become essentially immune to, that they had learned how to tolerate over hundreds and hundreds of years, thousands of years, of living with domesticated animals who were the sources of those pathogens.
Kada su se evropski istraživači i putnici raširili, poneli su sa sobom klice na koje su u suštini postali imuni, koje su naučili da tolerišu tokom stotina i stotina, hiljada godina življenja sa pripitomljenim životinjama koje su bile izvori ovih patogena,
en-sr
And they just wiped out -- these pathogens just wiped out the native people, who had no immunity to them at all.
I ovi patogeni su izbrisali domorodački narod, koji nije imao imunitet prema njima.
en-hr
And we're doing it again.
現在我們又在做同樣的事
en-zh-tw
We're doing it this time with toxic ideas.
Tokrat to počnemo s strupenimi idejami.
en-sl
Yesterday, a number of people -- Nicholas Negroponte and others -- spoke about all the wonderful things that are happening when our ideas get spread out, thanks to all the new technology all over the world.
Igår var det flera personer -- bland andra Nicholas Negroponte -- som talade om allehanda underbara saker som händer när våra idéer sprids tack vare all den nya teknologi som sprids över världen.
en-sv
And I agree. It is largely wonderful. Largely wonderful.
Sono d'accordo, in gran parte è magnifico.
en-it