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And what we've been able to do is engineer a virus to basically take dye-absorbing molecules and line them up on the surface of the virus so it acts as an antenna, and you get an energy transfer across the virus. | Možemo izgraditi virus koji uzima molekule koje će apsorbirati pigment i poredati ih na površinu virusa tako da se ponaša kao antena i dobit ćete prijenos energije kroz virus. | en-hr |
And then we give it a second gene to grow an inorganic material that can be used to split water into oxygen and hydrogen, that can be used for clean fuels. | Y entonces le damos un segundo gen para utilizar un material inorgánico que pueda usarse para separar agua en hidrógeno y oxígeno, que puede usarse como combustible limpio. | en-es |
I brought an example of that with me today. | Danas sam sa sobom donela jedan primerak. | en-sr |
My students promised me it would work. | นักศึกษาของดิฉันสัญญากับดิฉันไว้ว่ามันจะทำงานได้แน่ | en-th |
These are virus-assembled nanowires. | Są to nanoprzewody zgromadzone za pomocą wirusów | en-pl |
When you shine light on them, you can see them bubbling. | Όταν λάμψει φως πάνω τους, μπορείτε να τα δείτε να βγάζουν φυσαλίδες. | en-el |
In this case, you're seeing oxygen bubbles come out. | Στην περίπτωση αυτή, πρόκειται για φυσαλίδες οξυγόνου. | en-el |
(Applause) Basically, by controlling the genes, you can control multiple materials to improve your device performance. | Et dans le fond en contrôlant les gènes, vous pouvez contrôler des matériaux multiples pour améliorer les performances de votre appareil. | en-fr |
The last example are solar cells. | El último ejemplo son las celdas solares. Podemos hacer esto con celdas solares. | en-es |
We've been able to engineer viruses to pick up carbon nanotubes and then grow titanium dioxide around them, and use it as a way of getting electrons through the device. | Možemo da napravimo viruse koji podižu ugljenične nano cevčice i onda uzgoje titanijum-dioksid oko sebe - i koriste ga kao način da pokrenu elektrone kroz uređaj. | en-sr |
And what we've found is through genetic engineering, we can actually increase the efficiencies of these solar cells to record numbers for these types of dye-sensitized systems. | و چیزی که دریافتهایم این است که از طریق مهندسی ژنتیک می توانیم واقعا کارآییهای این سلولهای خورشیدی را تا رکوردهای بی سابقه برای این نوع سیستمهای رنگدانه سنتز ( گریتسل ) بالا ببریم. | en-fa |
And I brought one of those as well, that you can play around with outside afterward. | Cá está uma célula desse tipo que poderemos experimentar lá fora, daqui a pouco. | en-pt |
So this is a virus-based solar cell. | Dies ist also eine Solarzelle auf Basis eines Virus. Mittels Evolution und Selektion | en-de |
Through evolution and selection, we took it from an eight percent efficiency solar cell to an 11 percent efficiency solar cell. | 저희는 8%의 효율을 가진 태양 전지를 11% 효율로 끌어올리게 되었습니다. | en-ko |
So I hope that I've convinced you that there's a lot of great, interesting things to be learned about how nature makes materials, and about taking it the next step, to see if you can force or take advantage of how nature makes materials, to make things that nature hasn't yet dreamed of making. | Tako da se nadam kako smo vas uvjerili da postoji puno izvrsnih, zanimljivih stvari za naučiti o tome kako priroda gradi materijale -- i koje mi možemo dovesti na sljedeću razinu da vidimo možemo li natjerati ili iskorisiti način na koji priroda gradi materijale, da napravimo stvari o kojima priroda još nije ni sanjala. | en-hr |
I grew up in a family of social scientists, but I was the weird child who drew. | 저는 사회학자 집안에서 자랐지만 그림 그리는 걸 좋아했던 이상한 아이였습니다. | en-ko |
(Laughter) From making sketches of the models in my mom's Sears catalog ... | (ضحك) من صنع رسومات لعارضات أزياء من كاتلوج والدتي سيرز... | en-ar |
to a bedroom so full of my craft projects that it was like my own personal art gallery, I lived to make. | 제 방은 제가 만든 작품들로 가득해서 저만의 갤러리 같았습니다. 만드는 게 제 삶이었죠. | en-ko |
I don't think anyone in my family was surprised when I became an architect. | 私が建築家になったことには 誰も驚きませんでした | en-ja |
But to be honest with you, the real foundation of the architect I became was not laid in that bedroom art gallery but by the conversations around my family's dinner table. | 但老實說， 我成為建築師，背後的積累成因， 其實並不是歸因於我的臥房美術館， 而是我們一家在晚餐時的對話。 | en-zh-tw |
There were stories of how people lived and connected to one another, from the impact of urban migration on a village in Zambia to the complex health care needs of the homeless in the streets of San Francisco. | On parlait de gens qui vivaient connectés les uns aux autres : de l'impact de l'exode rural sur un village en Zambie aux complexes besoins sanitaires des sans-abris des rues de San Francisco. | en-fr |
Now, it would be fair if you're looking over at your seatmate and wondering, "What the hell does that have to do with architecture?" | 그리고 지금, 옆에 계신 친구를 보며 "그게 건축이랑 무슨 상관이야?" 라고 생각하시는 게 당연합니다. | en-ko |
Well, all of these stories involved space and how it did or didn't accommodate us. | حسنًا، كل هذه القصص تتعلق بالفراغ وكيف يستوعبنا أو لا. | en-ar |
The fact is, we share some of our deepest connections in physical space. | Lo cierto es que nuestras conexiones más profundas se comparten dentro de un espacio físico. | en-es |
And our stories play out, even in this crazy age of texting and tweeting, in physical space. | 그리고 우리 삶의 이야기들은 지금과 같은 문자와 트위터의 시대에서도 물리적인 공간에서 일어납니다. | en-ko |
Unfortunately, architecture hasn't done a great job of telling all of our stories equally. | 残念なことに 建築は 私たちの物語を全て 平等に伝えてきませんでした | en-ja |
Too often, we see the building of monuments like the Gherkin or even Trump Tower ... | Comumente, vemos a construção de monumentos como o Gherkin ou até mesmo a Trump Tower... | en-pt-br |
(Laughter) that tell the story of the haves rather than the have-nots. | (Gülüşler) yoksulların hikâyelerinden ziyade varlıklıların hikâyelerini anlatan. | en-tr |
Throughout my career, I've actively resisted the practice of building monuments to certain peoples' stories -- usually white, male, rich -- and bulldozing other peoples' stories -- usually people of color from low-income communities. | 私はキャリアを通して 特定の人物の物語に合わせて 建築設計をすることに もっぱら抵抗してきました こういう人は ほとんどの場合 白人 男性 金持ちで 低所得層のコミュニティーに住む 大抵が有色人種の人たち等の 他の人の物語を ブルドーザーで一掃してしまう人たちです | en-ja |
I've tried to create a practice that is rooted in elevating the stories of those who have most often been silenced. | He intentado crear una práctica que rinda homenaje a la historia de quienes fueron tantas veces silenciados. | en-es |
That work -- it's been a mission in spatial justice. | 那份工作 是一個維護空間正義的任務。 | en-zh-tw |
(Applause) Now, spatial justice means that we understand that justice has a geography, and that the equitable distribution of resources, services and access is a basic human right. | (تصفيق) الآن، العدالة المكانية تعني أننا نفهم أن العدالة لها جغرافيا، وأن التوزيع العادل للموارد، والخدمات، والوصول إليها هو حق أساسي من حقوق الإنسان. | en-ar |
So what does spatial justice look like? | Então, como é a justiça espacial? | en-pt-br |
Well, I'd like to share a story with you. | Bem, eu gostaria de contar uma história. | en-pt-br |
For years, I've been working in the historically African-American neighborhood of Bayview Hunters Point in San Francisco, on a plot of land that once held a power plant. | Depuis des années, je travaille dans un quartier historiquement afro-américain, Bayview Hunters Point à San Francisco, sur un terrain autrefois occupé par une centrale électrique. | en-fr |
Back in the '90s, a community group led by mothers who lived in the public housing on the hill above the plant fought for its closure. | قديمًا في التسعينيات، مجموعة مجتمعية بقيادة بعض الأمهات اللآتي يعشن في السكن العام على القمة فوق محطة للطاقة حاربت من اجل إغلاقها. | en-ar |
They won. | Kazandılar. | en-tr |
The utility company finally tore it down, cleaned the soil and capped most of the site with asphalt so that the clean soil wouldn't blow away. | Kamu hizmeti veren şirket en sonunda yıktı, toprağı temizledi ve alanın büyük bir kısmını asfaltla kapladı ki temizlenen toprak alan tarumar edilmesin. | en-tr |
Sounds like a success story, right? | 聽起來是個成功故事，對嗎？ | en-zh-tw |
Well, not so fast. | ただ そう簡単にはいきません | en-ja |
You see, because of various issues like land entitlements, lease agreements, etc., the land actually couldn't be redeveloped for at least five to 10 years. | 土地の権利や賃貸契約等の いくつかの問題で 実際にはこの土地は 最低５から10年間 再開発不可能となりました | en-ja |
What that meant is that this community that had been living near a power plant for decades, now had 30 acres of asphalt in their backyard. | 이것은 다시 말해서 발전소 옆에서 수십 년을 살아온 마을 사람들이 이제 뒷마당에 12만 평방미터의 아스팔트 땅을 갖게 되었다는 의미입니다. | en-ko |
To put that in context for you, 30 acres is equal to about 30 football fields. | اگه بخواهم برای شما وصف کنم، ۱۲ هکتار حدودا برابر است با ۳۰ زمین فوتبال. | en-fa |
Now, the utility company didn't want to be the bad guy here. | 한편 그 공기업은 이곳에서 악역을 맡고 싶지 않았습니다. | en-ko |
Recognizing that they owed the community, they actually put out a call for designers to propose temporary uses for this site, hoping to turn it into a community benefit rather than blight. | 他們承認他們虧欠這個社區， 他們開始徵尋設計師 提出對這塊地的暫時使用提案， 希望把它轉成社區的利益 而不是禍害。 | en-zh-tw |
I'm part of the diverse team of designers that responded to that call, and for the last four years, we've been collaborating with those mothers and other residents, as well as local organizations and the utility company. | 我是回應該公司的多樣化 設計師團隊中的一員， 在過去四年間， 我們一直和那些母親 以及其他居民、 地方組織，及該公用事業公司合作。 | en-zh-tw |
We've been experimenting with all types of events to try and address issues of spatial justice. | Nós estivemos testando todos os tipos de eventos para encaminhar questões de justiça espacial. | en-pt-br |
Everything from job training workshops to an annual circus to even a beautiful, new shoreline trail. | 職業訓練のワークショップや 毎年恒例のサーカス 海岸線に沿った美しい歩道まで作りました | en-ja |
In the four years that we've been operational, over 12,000 people have come and done something on this site that we hope has transformed their relationship to it. | 저희가 작업한 4년 동안 12,000명이 넘는 사람들이 이 부지에 와서 부지와 사람들의 관계에 변화를 가져올 수 있을 일들을 했습니다. | en-ko |
But lately, I'm starting to realize that events are not enough. | Mas ultimamente, comecei a perceber que esses eventos não são suficientes. | en-pt-br |
A few months ago, there was a community meeting in this neighborhood. | 数ヶ月前 この地域のコミュニティーミーティングが 開催されました | en-ja |
The utility company was finally ready to talk concretely about long-term redevelopment. | کارخانه بالاخره حاضرشد که به طور مشخص در مورد توسعه مجدد بلندمدت صحبت کند. | en-fa |
That meeting was kind of a disaster. | 회의는 처참했습니다. | en-ko |
There was a lot of yelling and anger. | بسیاری فریاد و خشم به همراه داشت. | en-fa |
People asked things like, "If you're going to sell it to a developer, wouldn't they just build luxury condos like everyone else?" | 大家會問這類問題： 「若你要把它賣給開發商， 他們難道不會像別人一樣 建造奢侈的公寓嗎？」 | en-zh-tw |
And "Where has the city been?" | ", e "Por onde anda a prefeitura? | en-pt-br |
"Why aren't there more jobs and resources in this neighborhood?" | "چرا کار و منابع بیشتری در این محله وجود ندارد؟" | en-fa |
It was not that our events had failed to bring joy. | 並不是我們的活動沒有帶來喜悅。 | en-zh-tw |
But in spite of that, there was still pain here. | Pero a pesar de eso, aún había dolor. | en-es |
Pain from a history of environmental injustice that left many industrial uses in this neighborhood, leaving residents living near toxic waste and, literally, shit. | دردی که ازتاریخ نابرابری محیطی آمده بود. که استفاده های متعدد صنعتی از محله شده بود و ساکنین را در کنار زبالههای سمی رها کرده بود. و واقعاً وحشتناک بود. | en-fa |
There's pain from the fact that this zip code still has one of the lowest per capita income, highest unemployment and highest incarceration rates in a city which tech giants like Twitter, Airbnb and Uber call home. | این دردی است از یک حقیقتی که مردم این ناحیه هنوز پایینترین سرانه درآمدی، بالاترین نرخ بیکاری و بالاترین نرخ زندانی را داشتند. در شهری که غولهای تکنولوژی مانند توییتر، ایر بیاندبی و اوبر وجود داشتند. | en-fa |
And those tech companies -- hm -- they've actually helped to trigger a gentrification push that is rapidly redefining this neighborhood, both in terms of identity and population. | 而那些科技公司， 嗯， 他們其實是在助推中產階級化， 那會快速重新定義這個街坊， 在身分上以及人口上皆是如此。 | en-zh-tw |
Now let me pause for a moment to talk about gentrification. | Laissez-moi faire un aparté pour vous parler de gentrification. | en-fr |
I suspect for a lot of us, it's kind of like a dirty word. | أظن أن الكثير منا يظن أنها نوع من الكلمات البذيئة. | en-ar |
It's become synonymous with the displacement of poor residents from their neighborhood by wealthier newcomers. | Se ha transformado en sinónimo de desplazamiento de vecinos pobres de su propio barrio para dar lugar a otros más adinerados. | en-es |
If you've ever been displaced, then you know the agony of losing a place that held your story. | Eğer daha önce yerinizden edilmişseniz hikâyenizi taşıyan yeri kaybetmenin verdiği ızdırabı bilirsiniz. | en-tr |
And if you haven't experienced this, then I'm going to ask you to try and imagine your way into it right now. | Si vous ne l'avez pas vécu, je vous demande d'essayer de l'imaginer maintenant. | en-fr |
Think about what it would be like to find your favorite local spot, a place where you often went and hung out with the old-timers or your friends, had vanished. | 想想看，你在當地最喜歡的地點， 你常常和老居民或朋友 去打發時間的地方， 它消失了。 | en-zh-tw |
And then you get home, and you find a letter from your landlord, saying that your rent's been doubled. | Evinize gittiğinizde, ev sahibinizden kiranızın ikiye katlandığını söyleyen bir yazı geldiğini düşünün. | en-tr |
The choice to stay -- it's not yours to make. | 떠나지 않겠다는 선택은 여러분이 결정할 수 없습니다. | en-ko |
You no longer belong in your home. | Ya no pertenecen a su casa. | en-es |
And know that this feeling you're feeling right now, it would be the same regardless of whether or not the person who harmed you meant to do so. | Vos sentiments à ce moment précis seront les mêmes qu'on vous ait fait du tort intentionnellement ou non. | en-fr |
Developer Majora Carter once said to me, "Poor people don't hate gentrification. | 부동산개발업자 마조라 카터는 저에게 이런 말을 한 적이 있죠. "가난한 사람들은 젠트리피케이션을 싫어한다. | en-ko |
They just hate that they rarely get to hang around long enough to enjoy its benefits." | 他們只是痛恨他們 無法在這裡待得夠久， 以享受它帶來的益處。」 | en-zh-tw |
Why is it that we treat culture erasure and economic displacement as inevitable? | » Pourquoi effacement culturel et délogement économique nous semblent-ils inévitables ? | en-fr |
We could approach development with an acknowledgment of past injustices -- find value not only in those new stories but the old ones, too. | Geçmişteki adaletsizliklerin bilinci ile, sadece yeni değil, eski hikâyelerde de değerler bularak | en-tr |
And make a commitment to build people's capacity to stay -- to stay in their homes, to stay in their communities, to stay where they feel whole. | insanların evleri, toplulukları, bir bütünmüş gibi hissettikleri yerlerde kalabilmeleri için taahhütler vererek yeni bir yaklaşım geliştirebiliriz. | en-tr |
But to do this rethink, it requires looking at those past injustices and the pain and grief that is interwoven into them. | 하지만, 다시 생각해보면, 그 것은 서로 얽혀있는 과거의 부당함과 함께 고통과 슬픔을 볼 필요가 있습니다. | en-ko |
And as I started to reflect on my own work, I realized that pain and grief have been recurring themes. | Cuando empecé a pensar en mi propio trabajo, noté que la pena y la angustia eran temas recurrentes. | en-es |
I heard it early on in the Bayview Hunters Point project when a man named Daryl said, "We've always been set aside like an island -- a no-man's-land." | ベイヴュー・ハンターズ・ポイントの 開発初期にも聞きました ダリルというある男性が言ったことです 「私たちはいつも まるで島国のように 別扱いされていた— まるで無人島だ」 | en-ja |
I also heard it in Houston, when I was working on a project with day laborers. | Eu também ouvi isso em Houston, trabalhando num projeto com trabalhadores diurnos. | en-pt-br |
And as Juan told me stories of being robbed of his wages many times on the corner in which he stood every day to earn a living to support his family, he asked, "Why can't anyone see the sacredness of this site?" | 璜告訴我的故事是 他的薪資曾多次被搶劫， 就在他每天為了支助家人生計 所站的角落， 他問： 「為何沒人能看到 這個地方的神聖性？」 | en-zh-tw |
You know, you've seen the pain, too. | Biliyorsun, acıyı sen de gördün. | en-tr |
From campaigns around statue removals in Charlottesville and New Orleans ... | 從夏洛蒂鎮以及紐奧良的 雕像拆除運動… | en-zh-tw |
to towns that have lost their industrial lifeblood and are now dying, like Lorain, Ohio and Bolton, England. | endüstriyel gücünü kaybeden ve Lorain, Ohio, Bolton gibi ölen şehirlere kadar... | en-tr |
We often rush to remake these places, thinking that we can ease their pain. | ما اغلب سریع شروع به بازسازی کردن این مکانها میکنیم، با این امید که میتوانیم دردهایشان را پاک کنیم. | en-fa |
But in our boundless desire to do good, to get past all of our mistakes, to build places that hold possibility, we often maintain a blissful ignorance of a landscape filled with a very long trail of broken promises and squelched dreams. | Pero con nuestro deseo ilimitado de hacer el bien, de olvidar todos los errores, de construir sitios que abran oportunidades, solemos pecar de absoluta ignorancia por desconocer la larga lista de promesas incumplidas y de sueños pisoteados. | en-es |
We are building on top of brokenness. | Çatlakların üzerine inşa ediyoruz. | en-tr |
Is it any wonder that the foundations cannot hold? | Alguma dúvida de que os alicerces não vão aguentar? | en-pt-br |
Holding space for pain and grief was never part of my job description as an architect -- after all, it's not expedient, focused on beauty, and hell, even requested by my clients. | Deixar espaço pra dor nunca foi parte do meu trabalho como arquiteta, afinal, não é expediente, focado na beleza, e caramba, até requisitado pelos meus clientes. | en-pt-br |
But I've seen what happens when there's space for pain. | 但我見過留些空間給痛苦會怎樣， | en-zh-tw |
It can be transformational. | Dönüşümsel olabilir. | en-tr |
Returning to our story, when we first started working in the neighborhood, one of the first things we did was go out and interview the activists who had led the fight to close the plant. | برگردیم به داستان خودمان، وقتی ما اول شروع کردیم به کار در محله، اولین کارهایی که انجام دادیم، رفتن به بیرون و مصاحبه با فعالانی بود که برای بسته شدن کارخانه جنگیده بودند. | en-fa |
We consistently heard and felt from them a sense of impending loss. | Nous avons à chaque fois perçu un sentiment de perte à venir. | en-fr |
The neighborhood was already changing, even back then. | Mahalle halihazırda değişiyordu, o zamanlarda bile. | en-tr |
People were leaving or dying of old age, and with those departures, stories were being lost. | 人々は徐々に離れて行くか 高齢のため亡くなり 住民がいなくなるたびに 物語が失われていました | en-ja |
To those activists, no one was going to know the amazing things that had happened in this community, because to everyone on the outside, it was the ghetto. | 그 행동가들에게 어느 누구도 이 지역사회에서 일어난 그 놀라운 일들을 알리려하지 않았습니다. 외부의 모든 사람들에게 그건 빈민가였기때문이었죠. | en-ko |
At worst, a place of violence; at best, a blank slate. | No pior, um lugar de violência, no melhor, uma tela em branco. | en-pt-br |
Neither was true, of course. | Rien de tout ça n'était vrai, bien sûr. | en-fr |
So my colleagues and I, we reached out to StoryCorps. | لذا، أنا وزملائي، تواصلنا مع ستوري كروبس. | en-ar |
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