gowitheflow/parallel-talks-deduplicated · Datasets at Hugging Face

english stringlengths 2 3.06k	non_english stringlengths 1 2.84k	language stringclasses 52 values
Basically, a human body is a conversation going on, both within the cells and between the cells, and they're telling each other to grow and to die, and when you're sick, something's gone wrong with that conversation.	Kortom, een menselijk lichaam is een gesprek dat gaande is, zowel binnen de cellen als tussen de cellen, en ze vertellen elkaar wanneer ze moeten groeien of sterven. Als je ziek bent, is er iets misgegaan met die conversatie.	en-nl
And so the trick is -- unfortunately, we don't have an easy way to measure these like we can measure the genome.	Et le truc est -- malheureusement, nous n'avons pas de moyen facile de les mesurer comme nous pouvons mesurer le génome.	en-fr
So the problem is that measuring -- if you try to measure all the proteins, it's a very elaborate process.	El problema es ese análisis, si tratas de evaluar todas las proteínas, es un proceso muy elaborado.	en-es
It requires hundreds of steps, and it takes a long, long time.	Száz meg száz lépésből áll, és hosszú-hosszú időbe telik.	en-hu
And it matters how much of the protein it is.	Vep proteinin ne kadarını ölçtüğünüz sonucu etkiler.	en-tr
It could be very significant that a protein changed by 10 percent, so it's not a nice digital thing like DNA.	10％の差が大きな違いになることもあります DNAのようにデジタルではないのです	en-ja
And basically our problem is somebody's in the middle of this very long stage, they pause for just a moment, and they leave something in an enzyme for a second, and all of a sudden all the measurements from then on don't work.	Fondamentalmente il nostro problema è che se qualcuno, durante questa fase molto lunga si ferma un attimo e lascia qualcosa in un enzima per un secondo, d'un tratto tutte le misurazioni da quel momento in poi non funzionano più.	en-it
And so then people get very inconsistent results when they do it this way.	Und so erhalten Leute sehr inkonsistente Resultate wenn sie das auf diesem Weg machen.	en-de
People have tried very hard to do this.	Хората много са се опитвали да направят това.	en-bg
I tried this a couple of times and looked at this problem and gave up on it.	Ik probeerde het een paar keer en gaf het op.	en-nl
I kept getting this call from this oncologist named David Agus.	我一直接到一個癌症學家的電話他叫大維艾格斯。	en-zh-tw
And Applied Minds gets a lot of calls from people who want help with their problems, and I didn't think this was a very likely one to call back, so I kept on giving him to the delay list.	Y Applied Minds recibe montones de llamadas de gente que quiere ayuda con sus problemas, y no pensaba que ésta fuera una con probabilidades de ser contestada, así que continuaba poniéndolo en la lista de espera.	en-es
And then one day, I get a call from John Doerr, Bill Berkman and Al Gore on the same day saying return David Agus's phone call.	Dar într-o zi am primit un telefon de la John Doerr, Bill Berkman şi Al Gore, toate în aceeaşi zi şi toţi îmi spuneau să îl sun pe David Agus.	en-ro
(Laughter) So I was like, "Okay. This guy's at least resourceful."	(Gelach) Dus ik had zoiets van "Ok. Deze kerel heeft tenminste een sterk netwerk."	en-nl
(Laughter) So we started talking, and he said, "I really need a better way to measure proteins."	(Risas) Así que empezamos a hablar, y dijo, "Realmente necesito una mejor manera de evaluar las proteínas."	en-es
I'm like, "Looked at that. Been there.	Я ответил: "Пробовали.	en-ru
Not going to be easy."	Няма да е лесно."	en-bg
He's like, "No, no. I really need it.	En hij weer: "Nee, nee. Ik heb dat echt nodig.	en-nl
I mean, I see patients dying every day because we don't know what's going on inside of them.	כלומר, אני רואה חולים נפטרים כל יום בגלל שאנחנו לא יודעים מה מתרחש בתוכם.	en-he
We have to have a window into this."	Musimy mieć okno, przez które będziemy mogli tam zaglądnąć."	en-pl
And he took me through specific examples of when he really needed it.	Он привёл конкретные примеры, когда это действительно было нужно.	en-ru
And I realized, wow, this would really make a big difference, if we could do it, and so I said, "Well, let's look at it."	Y me di cuenta, wau, esto realmente haría una gran diferencia, si pudiéramos hacerlo. Entonces dije, "Bien, echémosle un vistazo."	en-es
Applied Minds has enough play money that we can go and just work on something without getting anybody's funding or permission or anything.	Applied Minds haben genug Spielgeld, sodass wir hingehen können und einfach an etwas arbeiten, ohne Unterstützung oder Erlaubnis von außerhalb.	en-de
So we started playing around with this.	Tako da smo počeli da se zanimamo ovim.	en-sr
And as we did it, we realized this was the basic problem -- that taking the sip of coffee -- that there were humans doing this complicated process and that what really needed to be done was to automate this process like an assembly line and build robots that would measure proteomics.	И както го правихме, ние осъзнахме, че това беше основният проблем -- че отпивайки глътка кафе -- че хора извършваха този сложен процес и това, което трябваше да се направи е да се автоматизира процеса като поточна линия и да се направят роботи, които измерват протеините.	en-bg
And so we did that, and working with David, we made a little company called Applied Proteomics eventually, which makes this robotic assembly line, which, in a very consistent way, measures the protein.	To właśnie zrobiliśmy. Pracując z Davidem, stworzyliśmy małą firmę nazwaną ostatecznie Proteomika Stosowana, która tworzyła linię produkcyjną robotów, i, w bardzo spójny sposób, badała białka.	en-pl
And I'll show you what that protein measurement looks like.	Và tôi sẽ cho bạn thấy cách đo lường protein ấy như thế nào	en-vi
Basically, what we do is we take a drop of blood out of a patient, and we sort out the proteins in the drop of blood according to how much they weigh, how slippery they are, and we arrange them in an image.	أساسا, ما نعمله هو أخذ نقطة من الدم من مريض, و نفرز البروتينات في نقطة الدم. حسب مقدار وزنها, و درجة سيولتها, و نرتبهم في صورة.	en-ar
And so we can look at literally hundreds of thousands of features at once out of that drop of blood.	Ilyen módon szó szerint százas illetve ezres nagyságrendben figyelhetjük őket meg abban az egyetlen csepp vérben.	en-hu
And we can take a different one tomorrow, and you will see your proteins tomorrow will be different -- they'll be different after you eat or after you sleep.	И можем да вземем друга капка на следващия ден и ще видите, че вашите протеини на следващия ден са различни -- те ще бъдат различни, след като ядете или след като спите.	en-bg
They really tell us what's going on there.	Sie erzählen uns wirklich, was hier vor sich geht.	en-de
And so this picture, which looks like a big smudge to you, is actually the thing that got me really thrilled about this and made me feel like we were on the right track.	Deze foto, die eruit ziet als een grote vlek, is eigenlijk het ding waar ik echt enthousiast over werd en die me liet voelen dat we op het juiste spoor zaten.	en-nl
So if I zoom into that picture, I can just show you what it means.	Se eu der um zoom nesta foto, eu posso mostrar o que significa.	en-pt-br
We sort out the proteins -- from left to right is the weight of the fragments that we're getting, and from top to bottom is how slippery they are.	אנחנו ממיינים את הפרוטאינים -- משמאל לימין זה המשקל של המקטעים שאנו מקבלים. ומלמעלה למטה זה כמה הם חלקלקים.	en-he
So we're zooming in here just to show you a little bit of it.	Wir vergrößern das hier, um Ihnen einfach etwas davon zu zeigen.	en-de
And so each of these lines represents some signal that we're getting out of a piece of a protein.	這邊每一條線就是我們在看一個蛋白質時得到的訊號。	en-zh-tw
And you can see how the lines occur in these little groups of bump, bump, bump, bump, bump.	Вы видите как эти линии группируются.	en-ru
And that's because we're measuring the weight so precisely that -- carbon comes in different isotopes, so if it has an extra neutron on it, we actually measure it as a different chemical.	ეს იმიტომ, რომ ჩვენ ვზომავთ მასას ისეთი სიზუსტით, რომ... ნახშირბადი არსებობს სხვადასხვა იზოტოპების სახით, და თუ მას აქვს ზედმეტი ნეიტრონი, ჩვენ აღვრიცხავთ მას როგორც განსხვავებულ ნივთიერებას.	en-ka
So we're actually measuring each isotope as a different one.	也就是說我們把每一個同位素當作不一樣的來測量。	en-zh-tw
And so that gives you an idea of how exquisitely sensitive this is.	و هذا يعطيكم فكرة عن الحساسية الفائقة لهذا.	en-ar
So seeing this picture is sort of like getting to be Galileo and looking at the stars and looking through the telescope for the first time, and suddenly you say, "Wow, it's way more complicated than we thought it was."	Az ábra láttán kicsit olyanok leszünk, mint Galileo, aki a csillagokat vizsgálta, és amikor először nézett a távcsövébe. Először kiálthatunk fel: "Ó, ez összetettebb, mint gondoltuk"	en-hu
But we can see that stuff out there and actually see features of it.	それでも見ることはできて実際に特徴も分かるわけです	en-ja
So this is the signature out of which we're trying to get patterns.	Alors voici la signature à partir de laquelle nous essayons de tirer des modèles.	en-fr
So what we do with this is, for example, we can look at two patients, one that responded to a drug and one that didn't respond to a drug, and ask, "What's going on differently inside of them?"	We kunnen bijvoorbeeld naar twee patiënten kijken, een die reageerde op een geneesmiddel en een die daar niet op reageerde, en vragen: "Waarin verschillen die van binnen?" We kunnen deze metingen	en-nl
And so we can make these measurements precisely enough that we can overlay two patients and look at the differences.	فنستطيع أن نأخذ قياسات محددة كفاية لأن نطابق المريضين و ننظر إلى الاختلافات.	en-ar
So here we have Alice in green and Bob in red.	像这里爱丽丝的是绿色的，鲍勃的是红的，	en-zh-cn
We overlay them. This is actual data.	Összevetjük őket. Ez a jelenlegi eredmény.	en-hu
And you can see, mostly it overlaps and it's yellow, but there's some things that just Alice has and some things that just Bob has.	Burada görebildiğiniz gibi çoğu üstüste geliyor, sarı renkte. Ama sadece Alice'de olan şeyler ya da sadece Bob'da olan şeyler de var.	en-tr
And if we find a pattern of things of the responders to the drug, we see that in the blood, they have the condition that allows them to respond to this drug.	I ukoliko pronađemo šablon koji opisuje grupu ljudi na koje postojeći lek ispoljava željeni efekat, mi vidimo to u krvi, oni imaju uslove koji im omogućuju da uspešno odreaguju na tretman.	en-sr
We might not even know what this protein is, but we can see it's a marker for the response to the disease.	S-ar putea să nu știm care este proteina aceasta, dar putem observa că este un indicator pentru răspunsul la maladie.	en-ro
So this already, I think, is tremendously useful in all kinds of medicine.	Dit alleen al, denk ik, is enorm nuttig voor allerlei vormen van geneeskunde.	en-nl
But I think this is actually just the beginning of how we're going to treat cancer.	Но аз мисля, че това всъщност е само началото, на това как ще лекуваме рака.	en-bg
So let me move to cancer.	A sada bih da pričam malo više o raku.	en-sr
The thing about cancer -- when I got into this, I really knew nothing about it, but working with David Agus, I started watching how cancer was actually being treated and went to operations where it was being cut out.	암이란 주제에 있어- 제가 이것을 들여다보기 시작했을 때 암에 대해 아는 게 정말 없었죠. 하지만 데이비드 아구스와 일하면서 암이 어떻게 다뤄지는지, 또 제거 수술이 어떻게 이뤄지는지 제대로 볼 수 있었습니다.	en-ko
And as I looked at it, to me it didn't make sense how we were approaching cancer, and in order to make sense of it, I had to learn where did this come from.	Și pe măsură ce priveam, pentru mine nu avea sens modul în care abordăm cancerul. Așadar pentru a avea un sens, a trebuit să învăț de ce procedăm așa.	en-ro
We're treating cancer almost like it's an infectious disease.	Chúng ta điều trị ung thư cứ như nó là một căn bệnh truyền nhiễm.	en-vi
We're treating it as something that got inside of you that we have to kill.	We behandelen het alsof we iets dat je binnenkreeg, moeten doden.	en-nl
So this is the great paradigm.	これは重要なパラダイムです	en-ja
This is another case where a theoretical paradigm in biology really worked -- was the germ theory of disease.	생물학에서 이론적 고정관념인 병원균 이론이 잘 맞아 떨어지기는 하지만- 그 것과는 별개의 문제입니다.	en-ko
So what doctors are mostly trained to do is diagnose -- that is, put you into a category and apply a scientifically proven treatment for that diagnosis -- and that works great for infectious diseases.	Os médicos são em geral treinados para diagnosticar - ou seja, colocá-lo em uma categoria - e aplicar um tratamento cientificamente comprovado para aquele diagnóstico. E isso funciona bem com doenças infecciosas.	en-pt-br
So if we put you in the category of you've got syphilis, we can give you penicillin.	فإذا وضعناكم في فئة لمن حصل لهم الزهري، نستطيع إعطائكم البنسلين.	en-ar
We know that that works.	We weten dat dat werkt.	en-nl
If you've got malaria, we give you quinine or some derivative of it.	Ако имате малария, ние ви даваме хинин или някакво негово производно.	en-bg
And so that's the basic thing doctors are trained to do, and it's miraculous in the case of infectious disease -- how well it works.	Doktorların eğitim aldıkları temel konular bunlar. Bu, enfeksiyon hastalıklarında adeta bir mucize gibi çalışıyor.	en-tr
And many people in this audience probably wouldn't be alive if doctors didn't do this.	E muitas pessoas nesta plateia provavelmente não estariam vivas se médicos não fizessem isso.	en-pt-br
But now let's apply that to systems diseases like cancer.	Să aplicăm această practică la bolile de sistem, precum cancerul.	en-ro
The problem is that, in cancer, there isn't something else that's inside of you.	Το πρόβλημα είναι ότι στον καρκίνο, δεν είναι κάτι άλλο που βρίσκεται μέσα σου.	en-el
It's you; you're broken.	Nó chính là bạn, cơ thể bạn có lỗi.	en-vi
That conversation inside of you got mixed up in some way.	那個你身體中的對話出了問題。	en-zh-tw
So how do we diagnose that conversation?	Πώς κάνουμε διάγνωση για τη συνομιλία αυτή;	en-el
Well, right now what we do is we divide it by part of the body -- you know, where did it appear? -- and we put you in different categories according to the part of the body.	Şu an yapmakta olduğumuz şey, vücudu bölgelerine ayırmak -- biliyorsunuz, kanserin nereden çıktığına göre. -- ve sizi kanserin hangi vücut bölgesinde çıktığına göre farklı sınıflara ayırıyoruz.	en-tr
And then we do a clinical trial for a drug for lung cancer and one for prostate cancer and one for breast cancer, and we treat these as if they're separate diseases and that this way of dividing them had something to do with what actually went wrong.	Und dann machen wir eine klinische Behandlung mit einem Medikament für Lungenkrebs und einem für Prostatakrebs und einem für Brustkrebs, und wir behandeln diese als wären sie unterschiedliche Krankheiten und diese Art, sie zu unterscheiden hatte etwas mit dem zu tun, was eigentlich schief lief.	en-de
And of course, it really doesn't have that much to do with what went wrong because cancer is a failure of the system.	Elbette, ter giden şeyin ne olduğu ile çok fazla ilgisi yok. Çünkü kanser sistemin iflasıdır.	en-tr
And in fact, I think we're even wrong when we talk about cancer as a thing.	事实上，我认为像这样把癌症当成是一件事来谈，都是错误的。	en-zh-cn
I think this is the big mistake.	Azt hiszem, ebben áll a nagy tévedésünk.	en-hu
I think cancer should not be a noun.	Cancer nu ar trebui să fie un substantiv.	en-ro
We should talk about cancering as something we do, not something we have.	Powinniśmy mówić o "nowotworzeniu" jako coś, co robimy, nie coś, co mamy.	en-pl
And so those tumors, those are symptoms of cancer.	Vậy nên những khối u này, chúng là triệu chứng của ung thư.	en-vi
And so your body is probably cancering all the time, but there are lots of systems in your body that keep it under control.	Büyük ihtimalle vücudunuz her an kanserleşiyor. Ama vücudunuzda bu durumu kontrol altında tutacak çok fazla savunma sistemi de var.	en-tr
And so to give you an idea of an analogy of what I mean by thinking of cancering as a verb, imagine we didn't know anything about plumbing, and the way that we talked about it, we'd come home and we'd find a leak in our kitchen and we'd say, "Oh, my house has water."	و لأعطيكم فكرة مماثلة لما أقصد في التفكير بالسرطان كفعل، تخيلوا أننا لم نعرف أي شىء عن السباكة، وطريقة تكلمنا عنها، لنحضر إلى المنزل و نجد تسرب في المطبخ و سنقول، " اه، منزلي فيه ماء"	en-ar
We might divide it -- the plumber would say, "Well, where's the water?"	Chúng ta có thể chia nó ra -- thợ ống nước sẽ nói, "Nước rỉ ở đâu?"	en-vi
"Well, it's in the kitchen." "Oh, you must have kitchen water."	"Bien, está en la cocina." "Oh, debes tener agua de cocina."	en-es
That's kind of the level at which it is.	Op dat niveau spreken we bij kanker.	en-nl
"Kitchen water, well, first of all, we'll go in there and we'll mop out a lot of it.	"Mutfak suyu mu?" Herşeyden önce mutfağa girip orayı paspaslamamız gerek.	en-tr
And then we know that if we sprinkle Drano around the kitchen, that helps.	然後我們知道如果在廚房撒Draino清潔劑會有幫助。	en-zh-tw
Whereas living room water, it's better to do tar on the roof."	Trong khi đó, với nước phòng khách, sẽ tốt hơn nếu ta rải hắc ín trên mái nhà"	en-vi
And it sounds silly, but that's basically what we do.	Ostobán hangzik, de alapjában véve ilyenek vagyunk.	en-hu
And I'm not saying you shouldn't mop up your water if you have cancer, but I'm saying that's not really the problem; that's the symptom of the problem.	Я не говорю, что вы не должны убирать воду, если у вас рак. Но это не проблема, это признак проблемы.	en-ru
What we really need to get at is the process that's going on, and that's happening at the level of the proteonomic actions, happening at the level of why is your body not healing itself in the way that it normally does?	우리가 정말로 해야할 일은 병이 진행되는 과정을 살피고, 그 정도 진행단계에서는 무슨 일이 일어날지를 단백체학적 활동으로 파악하고, 정상적인 상태에서는 몸 스스로 치료할 수 있는 단계인데도 어째서 자연치유가 되지 않는지를 물어야 하는 것입니다.	en-ko
Because normally, your body is dealing with this problem all the time.	因為平常你的身體隨時都在處理各種問題。	en-zh-tw
So your house is dealing with leaks all the time, but it's fixing them. It's draining them out and so on.	Так же, как наш дом все время имеет дело с утечкой воды. Но он с этим справляется, это слив и так далее.	en-ru
So what we need is to have a causative model of what's actually going on, and proteomics actually gives us the ability to build a model like that.	Isušuje vodu. Tako da je nama neophodan sada uzročni model onoga što se zaista dešava. Proteomika nam pruža mogućnost da napokon izgradimo takav model.	en-sr
David got me invited to give a talk at National Cancer Institute and Anna Barker was there.	David conseguiu que eu desse uma palestra do Instituto Nacional do Câncer e Anna Barker estava lá.	en-pt-br
And so I gave this talk and said, "Why don't you guys do this?"	我在那演了講問說：「為什麼你們不這麼做？」	en-zh-tw
And Anna said, "Because nobody within cancer would look at it this way.	安娜说： “因为癌症学界没有人能从这个角度看事情。	en-zh-cn
But what we're going to do, is we're going to create a program for people outside the field of cancer to get together with doctors who really know about cancer and work out different programs of research."	但是我们想要做的，是成立一个计划署，让不在癌症学界工作的人们来和真正对付癌症的医生们合作，发展出一个不同的研究方案。”	en-zh-cn
So David and I applied to this program and created a consortium at USC where we've got some of the best oncologists in the world and some of the best biologists in the world, from Cold Spring Harbor, Stanford, Austin -- I won't even go through and name all the places -- to have a research project that will last for five years where we're really going to try to build a model of cancer like this.	所以大維和我申請了這個計畫且在南加大創造了一個聯合會，在那我們有世界上最好的癌症學家，一些世界上頂尖的生物學家，從冷泉港，從史丹佛，從奧斯丁-- 我不列舉全部的地方-- 這些人一起做這個研究計畫花五年的時間，我們要試著去建造一個癌症模型。	en-zh-tw
We're doing it in mice first, and we will kill a lot of mice in the process of doing this, but they will die for a good cause.	Pentru început vom face teste pe șoareci. Vom omorî foarte mulți șoareci în procesul de cercetare, dar vor muri pentru cauză bună.	en-ro
And we will actually try to get to the point where we have a predictive model where we can understand, when cancer happens, what's actually happening in there and which treatment will treat that cancer.	実際に予測モデルを作成しどのような時に癌が発症し何が実際起こっているのかどの治療が癌に効果があるのかを理解できるところまで達成したいと思っています	en-ja
So let me just end with giving you a little picture of what I think cancer treatment will be like in the future.	I za sam kraj bih vam pokazao mali shematski prikaz kako ja zamišljam da tretman protiv raka izgleda u budućnosti.	en-sr

Basically, a human body is a conversation going on, both within the cells and between the cells, and they're telling each other to grow and to die, and when you're sick, something's gone wrong with that conversation.

Kortom, een menselijk lichaam is een gesprek dat gaande is, zowel binnen de cellen als tussen de cellen, en ze vertellen elkaar wanneer ze moeten groeien of sterven. Als je ziek bent, is er iets misgegaan met die conversatie.

en-nl

And so the trick is -- unfortunately, we don't have an easy way to measure these like we can measure the genome.

Et le truc est -- malheureusement, nous n'avons pas de moyen facile de les mesurer comme nous pouvons mesurer le génome.

en-fr

So the problem is that measuring -- if you try to measure all the proteins, it's a very elaborate process.

El problema es ese análisis, si tratas de evaluar todas las proteínas, es un proceso muy elaborado.

en-es

It requires hundreds of steps, and it takes a long, long time.

Száz meg száz lépésből áll, és hosszú-hosszú időbe telik.

en-hu

And it matters how much of the protein it is.

Vep proteinin ne kadarını ölçtüğünüz sonucu etkiler.

en-tr

It could be very significant that a protein changed by 10 percent, so it's not a nice digital thing like DNA.

10％の差が大きな違いになることもあります DNAのようにデジタルではないのです

en-ja

And basically our problem is somebody's in the middle of this very long stage, they pause for just a moment, and they leave something in an enzyme for a second, and all of a sudden all the measurements from then on don't work.

Fondamentalmente il nostro problema è che se qualcuno, durante questa fase molto lunga si ferma un attimo e lascia qualcosa in un enzima per un secondo, d'un tratto tutte le misurazioni da quel momento in poi non funzionano più.

en-it

And so then people get very inconsistent results when they do it this way.

Und so erhalten Leute sehr inkonsistente Resultate wenn sie das auf diesem Weg machen.

en-de

People have tried very hard to do this.

Хората много са се опитвали да направят това.

en-bg

I tried this a couple of times and looked at this problem and gave up on it.

Ik probeerde het een paar keer en gaf het op.

en-nl

I kept getting this call from this oncologist named David Agus.

我一直接到一個癌症學家的電話他叫大維艾格斯。

en-zh-tw

And Applied Minds gets a lot of calls from people who want help with their problems, and I didn't think this was a very likely one to call back, so I kept on giving him to the delay list.

Y Applied Minds recibe montones de llamadas de gente que quiere ayuda con sus problemas, y no pensaba que ésta fuera una con probabilidades de ser contestada, así que continuaba poniéndolo en la lista de espera.

en-es

And then one day, I get a call from John Doerr, Bill Berkman and Al Gore on the same day saying return David Agus's phone call.

Dar într-o zi am primit un telefon de la John Doerr, Bill Berkman şi Al Gore, toate în aceeaşi zi şi toţi îmi spuneau să îl sun pe David Agus.

en-ro

(Laughter) So I was like, "Okay. This guy's at least resourceful."

(Gelach) Dus ik had zoiets van "Ok. Deze kerel heeft tenminste een sterk netwerk."

en-nl

(Laughter) So we started talking, and he said, "I really need a better way to measure proteins."

(Risas) Así que empezamos a hablar, y dijo, "Realmente necesito una mejor manera de evaluar las proteínas."

en-es

I'm like, "Looked at that. Been there.

Я ответил: "Пробовали.

en-ru

Not going to be easy."

Няма да е лесно."

en-bg

He's like, "No, no. I really need it.

En hij weer: "Nee, nee. Ik heb dat echt nodig.

en-nl

I mean, I see patients dying every day because we don't know what's going on inside of them.

כלומר, אני רואה חולים נפטרים כל יום בגלל שאנחנו לא יודעים מה מתרחש בתוכם.

en-he

We have to have a window into this."

Musimy mieć okno, przez które będziemy mogli tam zaglądnąć."

en-pl

And he took me through specific examples of when he really needed it.

Он привёл конкретные примеры, когда это действительно было нужно.

en-ru

And I realized, wow, this would really make a big difference, if we could do it, and so I said, "Well, let's look at it."

Y me di cuenta, wau, esto realmente haría una gran diferencia, si pudiéramos hacerlo. Entonces dije, "Bien, echémosle un vistazo."

en-es

Applied Minds has enough play money that we can go and just work on something without getting anybody's funding or permission or anything.

Applied Minds haben genug Spielgeld, sodass wir hingehen können und einfach an etwas arbeiten, ohne Unterstützung oder Erlaubnis von außerhalb.

en-de

So we started playing around with this.

Tako da smo počeli da se zanimamo ovim.

en-sr

And as we did it, we realized this was the basic problem -- that taking the sip of coffee -- that there were humans doing this complicated process and that what really needed to be done was to automate this process like an assembly line and build robots that would measure proteomics.

И както го правихме, ние осъзнахме, че това беше основният проблем -- че отпивайки глътка кафе -- че хора извършваха този сложен процес и това, което трябваше да се направи е да се автоматизира процеса като поточна линия и да се направят роботи, които измерват протеините.

en-bg

And so we did that, and working with David, we made a little company called Applied Proteomics eventually, which makes this robotic assembly line, which, in a very consistent way, measures the protein.

To właśnie zrobiliśmy. Pracując z Davidem, stworzyliśmy małą firmę nazwaną ostatecznie Proteomika Stosowana, która tworzyła linię produkcyjną robotów, i, w bardzo spójny sposób, badała białka.

en-pl

And I'll show you what that protein measurement looks like.

Và tôi sẽ cho bạn thấy cách đo lường protein ấy như thế nào

en-vi

Basically, what we do is we take a drop of blood out of a patient, and we sort out the proteins in the drop of blood according to how much they weigh, how slippery they are, and we arrange them in an image.

أساسا, ما نعمله هو أخذ نقطة من الدم من مريض, و نفرز البروتينات في نقطة الدم. حسب مقدار وزنها, و درجة سيولتها, و نرتبهم في صورة.

en-ar

And so we can look at literally hundreds of thousands of features at once out of that drop of blood.

Ilyen módon szó szerint százas illetve ezres nagyságrendben figyelhetjük őket meg abban az egyetlen csepp vérben.

en-hu

And we can take a different one tomorrow, and you will see your proteins tomorrow will be different -- they'll be different after you eat or after you sleep.

И можем да вземем друга капка на следващия ден и ще видите, че вашите протеини на следващия ден са различни -- те ще бъдат различни, след като ядете или след като спите.

en-bg

They really tell us what's going on there.

Sie erzählen uns wirklich, was hier vor sich geht.

en-de

And so this picture, which looks like a big smudge to you, is actually the thing that got me really thrilled about this and made me feel like we were on the right track.

Deze foto, die eruit ziet als een grote vlek, is eigenlijk het ding waar ik echt enthousiast over werd en die me liet voelen dat we op het juiste spoor zaten.

en-nl

So if I zoom into that picture, I can just show you what it means.

Se eu der um zoom nesta foto, eu posso mostrar o que significa.

en-pt-br

We sort out the proteins -- from left to right is the weight of the fragments that we're getting, and from top to bottom is how slippery they are.

אנחנו ממיינים את הפרוטאינים -- משמאל לימין זה המשקל של המקטעים שאנו מקבלים. ומלמעלה למטה זה כמה הם חלקלקים.

en-he

So we're zooming in here just to show you a little bit of it.

Wir vergrößern das hier, um Ihnen einfach etwas davon zu zeigen.

en-de

And so each of these lines represents some signal that we're getting out of a piece of a protein.

這邊每一條線就是我們在看一個蛋白質時得到的訊號。

en-zh-tw

And you can see how the lines occur in these little groups of bump, bump, bump, bump, bump.

Вы видите как эти линии группируются.

en-ru

And that's because we're measuring the weight so precisely that -- carbon comes in different isotopes, so if it has an extra neutron on it, we actually measure it as a different chemical.

ეს იმიტომ, რომ ჩვენ ვზომავთ მასას ისეთი სიზუსტით, რომ... ნახშირბადი არსებობს სხვადასხვა იზოტოპების სახით, და თუ მას აქვს ზედმეტი ნეიტრონი, ჩვენ აღვრიცხავთ მას როგორც განსხვავებულ ნივთიერებას.

en-ka

So we're actually measuring each isotope as a different one.

也就是說我們把每一個同位素當作不一樣的來測量。

en-zh-tw

And so that gives you an idea of how exquisitely sensitive this is.

و هذا يعطيكم فكرة عن الحساسية الفائقة لهذا.

en-ar

So seeing this picture is sort of like getting to be Galileo and looking at the stars and looking through the telescope for the first time, and suddenly you say, "Wow, it's way more complicated than we thought it was."

Az ábra láttán kicsit olyanok leszünk, mint Galileo, aki a csillagokat vizsgálta, és amikor először nézett a távcsövébe. Először kiálthatunk fel: "Ó, ez összetettebb, mint gondoltuk"

en-hu

But we can see that stuff out there and actually see features of it.

それでも見ることはできて実際に特徴も分かるわけです

en-ja

So this is the signature out of which we're trying to get patterns.

Alors voici la signature à partir de laquelle nous essayons de tirer des modèles.

en-fr

So what we do with this is, for example, we can look at two patients, one that responded to a drug and one that didn't respond to a drug, and ask, "What's going on differently inside of them?"

We kunnen bijvoorbeeld naar twee patiënten kijken, een die reageerde op een geneesmiddel en een die daar niet op reageerde, en vragen: "Waarin verschillen die van binnen?" We kunnen deze metingen

en-nl

And so we can make these measurements precisely enough that we can overlay two patients and look at the differences.

فنستطيع أن نأخذ قياسات محددة كفاية لأن نطابق المريضين و ننظر إلى الاختلافات.

en-ar

So here we have Alice in green and Bob in red.

像这里爱丽丝的是绿色的，鲍勃的是红的，

en-zh-cn

We overlay them. This is actual data.

Összevetjük őket. Ez a jelenlegi eredmény.

en-hu

And you can see, mostly it overlaps and it's yellow, but there's some things that just Alice has and some things that just Bob has.

Burada görebildiğiniz gibi çoğu üstüste geliyor, sarı renkte. Ama sadece Alice'de olan şeyler ya da sadece Bob'da olan şeyler de var.

en-tr

And if we find a pattern of things of the responders to the drug, we see that in the blood, they have the condition that allows them to respond to this drug.

I ukoliko pronađemo šablon koji opisuje grupu ljudi na koje postojeći lek ispoljava željeni efekat, mi vidimo to u krvi, oni imaju uslove koji im omogućuju da uspešno odreaguju na tretman.

en-sr

We might not even know what this protein is, but we can see it's a marker for the response to the disease.

S-ar putea să nu știm care este proteina aceasta, dar putem observa că este un indicator pentru răspunsul la maladie.

en-ro

So this already, I think, is tremendously useful in all kinds of medicine.

Dit alleen al, denk ik, is enorm nuttig voor allerlei vormen van geneeskunde.

en-nl

But I think this is actually just the beginning of how we're going to treat cancer.

Но аз мисля, че това всъщност е само началото, на това как ще лекуваме рака.

en-bg

So let me move to cancer.

A sada bih da pričam malo više o raku.

en-sr

The thing about cancer -- when I got into this, I really knew nothing about it, but working with David Agus, I started watching how cancer was actually being treated and went to operations where it was being cut out.

암이란 주제에 있어- 제가 이것을 들여다보기 시작했을 때 암에 대해 아는 게 정말 없었죠. 하지만 데이비드 아구스와 일하면서 암이 어떻게 다뤄지는지, 또 제거 수술이 어떻게 이뤄지는지 제대로 볼 수 있었습니다.

en-ko

And as I looked at it, to me it didn't make sense how we were approaching cancer, and in order to make sense of it, I had to learn where did this come from.

Și pe măsură ce priveam, pentru mine nu avea sens modul în care abordăm cancerul. Așadar pentru a avea un sens, a trebuit să învăț de ce procedăm așa.

en-ro

We're treating cancer almost like it's an infectious disease.

Chúng ta điều trị ung thư cứ như nó là một căn bệnh truyền nhiễm.

en-vi

We're treating it as something that got inside of you that we have to kill.

We behandelen het alsof we iets dat je binnenkreeg, moeten doden.

en-nl

So this is the great paradigm.

これは重要なパラダイムです

en-ja

This is another case where a theoretical paradigm in biology really worked -- was the germ theory of disease.

생물학에서 이론적 고정관념인 병원균 이론이 잘 맞아 떨어지기는 하지만- 그 것과는 별개의 문제입니다.

en-ko

So what doctors are mostly trained to do is diagnose -- that is, put you into a category and apply a scientifically proven treatment for that diagnosis -- and that works great for infectious diseases.

Os médicos são em geral treinados para diagnosticar - ou seja, colocá-lo em uma categoria - e aplicar um tratamento cientificamente comprovado para aquele diagnóstico. E isso funciona bem com doenças infecciosas.

en-pt-br

So if we put you in the category of you've got syphilis, we can give you penicillin.

فإذا وضعناكم في فئة لمن حصل لهم الزهري، نستطيع إعطائكم البنسلين.

en-ar

We know that that works.

We weten dat dat werkt.

en-nl

If you've got malaria, we give you quinine or some derivative of it.

Ако имате малария, ние ви даваме хинин или някакво негово производно.

en-bg

And so that's the basic thing doctors are trained to do, and it's miraculous in the case of infectious disease -- how well it works.

Doktorların eğitim aldıkları temel konular bunlar. Bu, enfeksiyon hastalıklarında adeta bir mucize gibi çalışıyor.

en-tr

And many people in this audience probably wouldn't be alive if doctors didn't do this.

E muitas pessoas nesta plateia provavelmente não estariam vivas se médicos não fizessem isso.

en-pt-br

But now let's apply that to systems diseases like cancer.

Să aplicăm această practică la bolile de sistem, precum cancerul.

en-ro

The problem is that, in cancer, there isn't something else that's inside of you.

Το πρόβλημα είναι ότι στον καρκίνο, δεν είναι κάτι άλλο που βρίσκεται μέσα σου.

en-el

It's you; you're broken.

Nó chính là bạn, cơ thể bạn có lỗi.

en-vi

That conversation inside of you got mixed up in some way.

那個你身體中的對話出了問題。

en-zh-tw

So how do we diagnose that conversation?

Πώς κάνουμε διάγνωση για τη συνομιλία αυτή;

en-el

Well, right now what we do is we divide it by part of the body -- you know, where did it appear? -- and we put you in different categories according to the part of the body.

Şu an yapmakta olduğumuz şey, vücudu bölgelerine ayırmak -- biliyorsunuz, kanserin nereden çıktığına göre. -- ve sizi kanserin hangi vücut bölgesinde çıktığına göre farklı sınıflara ayırıyoruz.

en-tr

And then we do a clinical trial for a drug for lung cancer and one for prostate cancer and one for breast cancer, and we treat these as if they're separate diseases and that this way of dividing them had something to do with what actually went wrong.

Und dann machen wir eine klinische Behandlung mit einem Medikament für Lungenkrebs und einem für Prostatakrebs und einem für Brustkrebs, und wir behandeln diese als wären sie unterschiedliche Krankheiten und diese Art, sie zu unterscheiden hatte etwas mit dem zu tun, was eigentlich schief lief.

en-de

And of course, it really doesn't have that much to do with what went wrong because cancer is a failure of the system.

Elbette, ter giden şeyin ne olduğu ile çok fazla ilgisi yok. Çünkü kanser sistemin iflasıdır.

en-tr

And in fact, I think we're even wrong when we talk about cancer as a thing.

事实上，我认为像这样把癌症当成是一件事来谈，都是错误的。

en-zh-cn

I think this is the big mistake.

Azt hiszem, ebben áll a nagy tévedésünk.

en-hu

I think cancer should not be a noun.

Cancer nu ar trebui să fie un substantiv.

en-ro

We should talk about cancering as something we do, not something we have.

Powinniśmy mówić o "nowotworzeniu" jako coś, co robimy, nie coś, co mamy.

en-pl

And so those tumors, those are symptoms of cancer.

Vậy nên những khối u này, chúng là triệu chứng của ung thư.

en-vi

And so your body is probably cancering all the time, but there are lots of systems in your body that keep it under control.

Büyük ihtimalle vücudunuz her an kanserleşiyor. Ama vücudunuzda bu durumu kontrol altında tutacak çok fazla savunma sistemi de var.

en-tr

And so to give you an idea of an analogy of what I mean by thinking of cancering as a verb, imagine we didn't know anything about plumbing, and the way that we talked about it, we'd come home and we'd find a leak in our kitchen and we'd say, "Oh, my house has water."

و لأعطيكم فكرة مماثلة لما أقصد في التفكير بالسرطان كفعل، تخيلوا أننا لم نعرف أي شىء عن السباكة، وطريقة تكلمنا عنها، لنحضر إلى المنزل و نجد تسرب في المطبخ و سنقول، " اه، منزلي فيه ماء"

en-ar

We might divide it -- the plumber would say, "Well, where's the water?"

Chúng ta có thể chia nó ra -- thợ ống nước sẽ nói, "Nước rỉ ở đâu?"

en-vi

"Well, it's in the kitchen." "Oh, you must have kitchen water."

"Bien, está en la cocina." "Oh, debes tener agua de cocina."

en-es

That's kind of the level at which it is.

Op dat niveau spreken we bij kanker.

en-nl

"Kitchen water, well, first of all, we'll go in there and we'll mop out a lot of it.

"Mutfak suyu mu?" Herşeyden önce mutfağa girip orayı paspaslamamız gerek.

en-tr

And then we know that if we sprinkle Drano around the kitchen, that helps.

然後我們知道如果在廚房撒Draino清潔劑會有幫助。

en-zh-tw

Whereas living room water, it's better to do tar on the roof."

Trong khi đó, với nước phòng khách, sẽ tốt hơn nếu ta rải hắc ín trên mái nhà"

en-vi

And it sounds silly, but that's basically what we do.

Ostobán hangzik, de alapjában véve ilyenek vagyunk.

en-hu

And I'm not saying you shouldn't mop up your water if you have cancer, but I'm saying that's not really the problem; that's the symptom of the problem.

Я не говорю, что вы не должны убирать воду, если у вас рак. Но это не проблема, это признак проблемы.

en-ru

What we really need to get at is the process that's going on, and that's happening at the level of the proteonomic actions, happening at the level of why is your body not healing itself in the way that it normally does?

우리가 정말로 해야할 일은 병이 진행되는 과정을 살피고, 그 정도 진행단계에서는 무슨 일이 일어날지를 단백체학적 활동으로 파악하고, 정상적인 상태에서는 몸 스스로 치료할 수 있는 단계인데도 어째서 자연치유가 되지 않는지를 물어야 하는 것입니다.

en-ko

Because normally, your body is dealing with this problem all the time.

因為平常你的身體隨時都在處理各種問題。

en-zh-tw

So your house is dealing with leaks all the time, but it's fixing them. It's draining them out and so on.

Так же, как наш дом все время имеет дело с утечкой воды. Но он с этим справляется, это слив и так далее.

en-ru

So what we need is to have a causative model of what's actually going on, and proteomics actually gives us the ability to build a model like that.

Isušuje vodu. Tako da je nama neophodan sada uzročni model onoga što se zaista dešava. Proteomika nam pruža mogućnost da napokon izgradimo takav model.

en-sr

David got me invited to give a talk at National Cancer Institute and Anna Barker was there.

David conseguiu que eu desse uma palestra do Instituto Nacional do Câncer e Anna Barker estava lá.

en-pt-br

And so I gave this talk and said, "Why don't you guys do this?"

我在那演了講問說：「為什麼你們不這麼做？」

en-zh-tw

And Anna said, "Because nobody within cancer would look at it this way.

安娜说： “因为癌症学界没有人能从这个角度看事情。

en-zh-cn

But what we're going to do, is we're going to create a program for people outside the field of cancer to get together with doctors who really know about cancer and work out different programs of research."

但是我们想要做的，是成立一个计划署，让不在癌症学界工作的人们来和真正对付癌症的医生们合作，发展出一个不同的研究方案。”

en-zh-cn

So David and I applied to this program and created a consortium at USC where we've got some of the best oncologists in the world and some of the best biologists in the world, from Cold Spring Harbor, Stanford, Austin -- I won't even go through and name all the places -- to have a research project that will last for five years where we're really going to try to build a model of cancer like this.

所以大維和我申請了這個計畫且在南加大創造了一個聯合會，在那我們有世界上最好的癌症學家，一些世界上頂尖的生物學家，從冷泉港，從史丹佛，從奧斯丁-- 我不列舉全部的地方-- 這些人一起做這個研究計畫花五年的時間，我們要試著去建造一個癌症模型。

en-zh-tw

We're doing it in mice first, and we will kill a lot of mice in the process of doing this, but they will die for a good cause.

Pentru început vom face teste pe șoareci. Vom omorî foarte mulți șoareci în procesul de cercetare, dar vor muri pentru cauză bună.

en-ro

And we will actually try to get to the point where we have a predictive model where we can understand, when cancer happens, what's actually happening in there and which treatment will treat that cancer.

実際に予測モデルを作成しどのような時に癌が発症し何が実際起こっているのかどの治療が癌に効果があるのかを理解できるところまで達成したいと思っています

en-ja

So let me just end with giving you a little picture of what I think cancer treatment will be like in the future.

I za sam kraj bih vam pokazao mali shematski prikaz kako ja zamišljam da tretman protiv raka izgleda u budućnosti.

en-sr