id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
570bdcc9ec8fbc190045bb95 | What year did Gabriel estimate 30% of of all species will be extinct by? | 2050 | [
"Biodiversity\n\nDuring the last century, decreases in biodiversity have been increasingly observed. In 2007, German Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel cited estimates that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050. Of these, about one eighth of known plant species are threatened with extinction. Es... |
570bdcc9ec8fbc190045bb96 | How many plant species are close to extinction? | about one eighth | [
"Biodiversity\n\nDuring the last century, decreases in biodiversity have been increasingly observed. In 2007, German Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel cited estimates that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050. Of these, about one eighth of known plant species are threatened with extinction. Es... |
570bdcc9ec8fbc190045bb97 | 2012 studies estimated what percentage of mammals could be extinct in 20 years? | 25% | [
"Biodiversity\n\nDuring the last century, decreases in biodiversity have been increasingly observed. In 2007, German Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel cited estimates that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050. Of these, about one eighth of known plant species are threatened with extinction. Es... |
570bdd6fec8fbc190045bb9c | What is systematically related to the numbers of species? | Habitat size | [
"Biodiversity\n\nHabitat size and numbers of species are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area. Conversion to \"trivial\" standardized ecosystems (e.g., monoculture following deforestation) effect... |
570bdd6fec8fbc190045bb9d | What animals are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area? | Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans | [
"Biodiversity\n\nHabitat size and numbers of species are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area. Conversion to \"trivial\" standardized ecosystems (e.g., monoculture following deforestation) effect... |
570bdd6fec8fbc190045bb9e | How is a standardized ecosystem formed? | monoculture following deforestation | [
"Biodiversity\n\nHabitat size and numbers of species are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area. Conversion to \"trivial\" standardized ecosystems (e.g., monoculture following deforestation) effect... |
570bdd6fec8fbc190045bb9f | What leads to biodiversity loss is some countries? | lack of property rights or lax law/regulatory enforcement | [
"Biodiversity\n\nHabitat size and numbers of species are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area. Conversion to \"trivial\" standardized ecosystems (e.g., monoculture following deforestation) effect... |
570bde086b8089140040faa4 | What animal unintentionally invaded the US waterways? | the zebra mussel | [
"Biodiversity\n\nNot all introduced species are invasive, nor all invasive species deliberately introduced. In cases such as the zebra mussel, invasion of US waterways was unintentional. In other cases, such as mongooses in Hawaii, the introduction is deliberate but ineffective (nocturnal rats were not vulnerable t... |
570bde086b8089140040faa5 | What animal intentionally invaded Hawaii? | mongooses | [
"Biodiversity\n\nNot all introduced species are invasive, nor all invasive species deliberately introduced. In cases such as the zebra mussel, invasion of US waterways was unintentional. In other cases, such as mongooses in Hawaii, the introduction is deliberate but ineffective (nocturnal rats were not vulnerable t... |
570bde086b8089140040faa6 | What animals were not vulnerable to the mongoose? | nocturnal rats | [
"Biodiversity\n\nNot all introduced species are invasive, nor all invasive species deliberately introduced. In cases such as the zebra mussel, invasion of US waterways was unintentional. In other cases, such as mongooses in Hawaii, the introduction is deliberate but ineffective (nocturnal rats were not vulnerable t... |
570bde086b8089140040faa7 | What countries experienced unintended consequences from species invasion? | Indonesia and Malaysia, | [
"Biodiversity\n\nNot all introduced species are invasive, nor all invasive species deliberately introduced. In cases such as the zebra mussel, invasion of US waterways was unintentional. In other cases, such as mongooses in Hawaii, the introduction is deliberate but ineffective (nocturnal rats were not vulnerable t... |
570bdec2ec8fbc190045bbae | What type of science is firmly fixated on the visible world? | Contemporary biodiversity physics | [
"Biodiversity\n\nLess than 1% of all species that have been described have been studied beyond simply noting their existence. The vast majority of Earth's species are microbial. Contemporary biodiversity physics is \"firmly fixated on the visible [macroscopic] world\". For example, microbial life is metabolically a... |
570bdec2ec8fbc190045bbaf | What type of life is more metabolically diverse than multicellular life? | microbial life | [
"Biodiversity\n\nLess than 1% of all species that have been described have been studied beyond simply noting their existence. The vast majority of Earth's species are microbial. Contemporary biodiversity physics is \"firmly fixated on the visible [macroscopic] world\". For example, microbial life is metabolically a... |
570bdec2ec8fbc190045bbb0 | What type of life is more enviromentally diverse than multicellular life? | microbial life | [
"Biodiversity\n\nLess than 1% of all species that have been described have been studied beyond simply noting their existence. The vast majority of Earth's species are microbial. Contemporary biodiversity physics is \"firmly fixated on the visible [macroscopic] world\". For example, microbial life is metabolically a... |
570bdec2ec8fbc190045bbb1 | What rate supports the Holocene extinction hypothesis? | Insect extinction rates | [
"Biodiversity\n\nLess than 1% of all species that have been described have been studied beyond simply noting their existence. The vast majority of Earth's species are microbial. Contemporary biodiversity physics is \"firmly fixated on the visible [macroscopic] world\". For example, microbial life is metabolically a... |
570bdf846b8089140040faac | What term describes the number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms in existence? | biodiversity | [
"Biodiversity\n\nThe number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on ... |
570bdf846b8089140040faad | What ensures the survival of human species by providing food, shelter, other resources to mankind? | biodiversity | [
"Biodiversity\n\nThe number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on ... |
570bdf846b8089140040faae | What influences richness of biodiversity? | the climatic conditions and area of the region | [
"Biodiversity\n\nThe number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on ... |
570bdf846b8089140040faaf | What term describes all the species of plants in existence? | flora | [
"Biodiversity\n\nThe number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on ... |
570be04b6b8089140040fab4 | Which scientist first used the term biological diversity? | Raymond F. Dasmann | [
"Biodiversity\n\nThe term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science ... |
570be04b6b8089140040fab5 | What book first contained the term biological diversity? | A Different Kind of Country | [
"Biodiversity\n\nThe term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science ... |
570be04b6b8089140040fab6 | What decade did the term biological diversity become common usage in science and economics? | the 1980s | [
"Biodiversity\n\nThe term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science ... |
570be04b6b8089140040fab7 | Who introduced the term biological diversity to the scientific community? | Thomas Lovejoy | [
"Biodiversity\n\nThe term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science ... |
570be04b6b8089140040fab8 | What term was common before biological diversity? | "natural diversity" | [
"Biodiversity\n\nThe term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science ... |
570be0da6b8089140040fabe | What provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources? | Biodiversity | [
"Biodiversity\n\nBiodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from plants, animals, and ... |
570be0da6b8089140040fabf | What percentage of US drugs are derived from plants, animals, and micro-organisms? | at least 50% | [
"Biodiversity\n\nBiodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from plants, animals, and ... |
570be0da6b8089140040fac0 | What percentage of worldwide drugs are derived from nature? | about 80% | [
"Biodiversity\n\nBiodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from plants, animals, and ... |
570be0da6b8089140040fac1 | What field has biodiversity made critical advances in? | bionics | [
"Biodiversity\n\nBiodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from plants, animals, and ... |
570be1b6ec8fbc190045bbb6 | What popularized the use of conventional hybridization to increase yield? | the Green Revolution | [
"Biodiversity\n\nIn agriculture and animal husbandry, the Green Revolution popularized the use of conventional hybridization to increase yield. Often hybridized breeds originated in developed countries and were further hybridized with local varieties in the developing world to create high yield strains resistant to... |
570be1b6ec8fbc190045bbb7 | What did the high yield strains become resistant to? | local climate and diseases | [
"Biodiversity\n\nIn agriculture and animal husbandry, the Green Revolution popularized the use of conventional hybridization to increase yield. Often hybridized breeds originated in developed countries and were further hybridized with local varieties in the developing world to create high yield strains resistant to... |
570be1b6ec8fbc190045bbb8 | Who has been pushing for hybridization? | Local governments and industry | [
"Biodiversity\n\nIn agriculture and animal husbandry, the Green Revolution popularized the use of conventional hybridization to increase yield. Often hybridized breeds originated in developed countries and were further hybridized with local varieties in the developing world to create high yield strains resistant to... |
570be1b6ec8fbc190045bbb9 | What caused the loss of biodiversity? | Formerly huge gene pools of various wild and indigenous breeds have collapsed causing widespread genetic erosion | [
"Biodiversity\n\nIn agriculture and animal husbandry, the Green Revolution popularized the use of conventional hybridization to increase yield. Often hybridized breeds originated in developed countries and were further hybridized with local varieties in the developing world to create high yield strains resistant to... |
570bce516b8089140040fa42 | What is the ASCII based on? | English alphabet | [
"ASCII\n\nOriginally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Te... |
570bce516b8089140040fa43 | How many specific characters are there in the ASCII code? | 128 specified characters | [
"ASCII\n\nOriginally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Te... |
570bce516b8089140040fa44 | How many are non-printing control characters? | 33 are non-printing control characters | [
"ASCII\n\nOriginally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Te... |
570bce516b8089140040fa45 | How many characters are printable characters? | 95 printable characters | [
"ASCII\n\nOriginally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Te... |
570bce516b8089140040fa46 | What is the space also known as what? | invisible graphic:223 | [
"ASCII\n\nOriginally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Te... |
570bd0da6b8089140040fa60 | Why was the code patterned so that most codes were together? | for ease of identification | [
"ASCII\n\nThe code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification. The first two columns (32 positions) were reserved for control characters.:220, 236 § 8,9) The \"space\" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so... |
570bd0da6b8089140040fa61 | How many positions are in the first two columns? | 32 positions | [
"ASCII\n\nThe code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification. The first two columns (32 positions) were reserved for control characters.:220, 236 § 8,9) The \"space\" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so... |
570bd0da6b8089140040fa62 | What did the committee decide was important? | to support uppercase 64-character alphabets | [
"ASCII\n\nThe code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification. The first two columns (32 positions) were reserved for control characters.:220, 236 § 8,9) The \"space\" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so... |
570bd0da6b8089140040fa63 | Where was the letter A places in position? | 41hex | [
"ASCII\n\nThe code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification. The first two columns (32 positions) were reserved for control characters.:220, 236 § 8,9) The \"space\" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so... |
570bd1adec8fbc190045bb22 | ASCII was incorporated into what other character set? | Unicode | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII was incorporated into the Unicode character set as the first 128 symbols, so the 7-bit ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets. This allows UTF-8 to be backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII, as a UTF-8 file containing only ASCII characters is identical to an ASCII file containing th... |
570bd1adec8fbc190045bb23 | How many of the symbols are the same in the beginning of the ASCII and Unicode? | 128 symbols | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII was incorporated into the Unicode character set as the first 128 symbols, so the 7-bit ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets. This allows UTF-8 to be backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII, as a UTF-8 file containing only ASCII characters is identical to an ASCII file containing th... |
570bd1adec8fbc190045bb24 | What set is backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII? | UTF-8 | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII was incorporated into the Unicode character set as the first 128 symbols, so the 7-bit ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets. This allows UTF-8 to be backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII, as a UTF-8 file containing only ASCII characters is identical to an ASCII file containing th... |
570bd2ec6b8089140040fa68 | What casued the automatic paper tape reader to stop? | a Control-S | [
"ASCII\n\nWhen a Teletype 33 ASR equipped with the automatic paper tape reader received a Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off), it caused the tape reader to stop; receiving Control-Q (XON, \"transmit on\") caused the tape reader to resume. This technique became adopted by several early computer operat... |
570bd2ec6b8089140040fa69 | What caused the automatic paper tape reader to start again? | Control-Q | [
"ASCII\n\nWhen a Teletype 33 ASR equipped with the automatic paper tape reader received a Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off), it caused the tape reader to stop; receiving Control-Q (XON, \"transmit on\") caused the tape reader to resume. This technique became adopted by several early computer operat... |
570bd2ec6b8089140040fa6a | What was the warning signal called that warned the sender that there was impending overflow? | handshaking | [
"ASCII\n\nWhen a Teletype 33 ASR equipped with the automatic paper tape reader received a Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off), it caused the tape reader to stop; receiving Control-Q (XON, \"transmit on\") caused the tape reader to resume. This technique became adopted by several early computer operat... |
570bd2ec6b8089140040fa6b | What two controls can be configured with 33 ASR? | Control-R (DC2) and Control-T (DC4) | [
"ASCII\n\nWhen a Teletype 33 ASR equipped with the automatic paper tape reader received a Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off), it caused the tape reader to stop; receiving Control-Q (XON, \"transmit on\") caused the tape reader to resume. This technique became adopted by several early computer operat... |
570bd3ceec8fbc190045bb3c | What are glass TTYs also known as? | CRTs or terminals | [
"ASCII\n\nDEC operating systems (OS/8, RT-11, RSX-11, RSTS, TOPS-10, etc.) used both characters to mark the end of a line so that the console device (originally Teletype machines) would work. By the time so-called \"glass TTYs\" (later called CRTs or terminals) came along, the convention was so well established tha... |
570bd3ceec8fbc190045bb3d | What did Gary Kildall clone to create CP/M? | RT-11 | [
"ASCII\n\nDEC operating systems (OS/8, RT-11, RSX-11, RSTS, TOPS-10, etc.) used both characters to mark the end of a line so that the console device (originally Teletype machines) would work. By the time so-called \"glass TTYs\" (later called CRTs or terminals) came along, the convention was so well established tha... |
570bd3ceec8fbc190045bb3e | When was the introduction of PC DOS? | 1981 | [
"ASCII\n\nDEC operating systems (OS/8, RT-11, RSX-11, RSTS, TOPS-10, etc.) used both characters to mark the end of a line so that the console device (originally Teletype machines) would work. By the time so-called \"glass TTYs\" (later called CRTs or terminals) came along, the convention was so well established tha... |
570bd3ceec8fbc190045bb3f | What programming did IBM use in the 1970s? | EBCDIC | [
"ASCII\n\nDEC operating systems (OS/8, RT-11, RSX-11, RSTS, TOPS-10, etc.) used both characters to mark the end of a line so that the console device (originally Teletype machines) would work. By the time so-called \"glass TTYs\" (later called CRTs or terminals) came along, the convention was so well established tha... |
570bd3ceec8fbc190045bb40 | What was IBM's PC DOS marketed as by Microsoft? | MS-DOS | [
"ASCII\n\nDEC operating systems (OS/8, RT-11, RSX-11, RSTS, TOPS-10, etc.) used both characters to mark the end of a line so that the console device (originally Teletype machines) would work. By the time so-called \"glass TTYs\" (later called CRTs or terminals) came along, the convention was so well established tha... |
570bd4a6ec8fbc190045bb4e | What was created to solve the problem for ANSI C? | C trigraphs | [
"ASCII\n\nC trigraphs were created to solve this problem for ANSI C, although their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers limited their use. Many programmers kept their computers on US-ASCII, so plain-text in Swedish, German etc. (for example, in e-mail or Usenet) contained \"{, }\" and sim... |
570bd4a6ec8fbc190045bb4f | Why was their use limited? | their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers | [
"ASCII\n\nC trigraphs were created to solve this problem for ANSI C, although their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers limited their use. Many programmers kept their computers on US-ASCII, so plain-text in Swedish, German etc. (for example, in e-mail or Usenet) contained \"{, }\" and sim... |
570bd4a6ec8fbc190045bb50 | What did many programmers keep their computers on? | US-ASCII | [
"ASCII\n\nC trigraphs were created to solve this problem for ANSI C, although their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers limited their use. Many programmers kept their computers on US-ASCII, so plain-text in Swedish, German etc. (for example, in e-mail or Usenet) contained \"{, }\" and sim... |
570bd4a6ec8fbc190045bb51 | What what happening to the words that were sent from programmers? | contained "{, }" and similar variants in the middle of words | [
"ASCII\n\nC trigraphs were created to solve this problem for ANSI C, although their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers limited their use. Many programmers kept their computers on US-ASCII, so plain-text in Swedish, German etc. (for example, in e-mail or Usenet) contained \"{, }\" and sim... |
570bd80cec8fbc190045bb5e | What was ASCII based on? | teleprinter encoding systems | [
"ASCII\n\nThe X3.2 subcommittee designed ASCII based on the earlier teleprinter encoding systems. Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (i.e. graphemes and control characters). This allows digital devices to communicate with each other an... |
570bd80cec8fbc190045bb5f | ASCII specifies correspondence between what? | digital bit patterns and character symbols | [
"ASCII\n\nThe X3.2 subcommittee designed ASCII based on the earlier teleprinter encoding systems. Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (i.e. graphemes and control characters). This allows digital devices to communicate with each other an... |
570bd80cec8fbc190045bb60 | What does ASCII correspondence allow digital devices to do? | communicate with each other and to process, store, and communicate character-oriented information | [
"ASCII\n\nThe X3.2 subcommittee designed ASCII based on the earlier teleprinter encoding systems. Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (i.e. graphemes and control characters). This allows digital devices to communicate with each other an... |
570bd80cec8fbc190045bb61 | How many graphic symbols were used before ASCII? | 11 to 25 special graphic symbols | [
"ASCII\n\nThe X3.2 subcommittee designed ASCII based on the earlier teleprinter encoding systems. Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (i.e. graphemes and control characters). This allows digital devices to communicate with each other an... |
570bd80cec8fbc190045bb62 | How many codes were required for ASCII? | more than 64 codes | [
"ASCII\n\nThe X3.2 subcommittee designed ASCII based on the earlier teleprinter encoding systems. Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (i.e. graphemes and control characters). This allows digital devices to communicate with each other an... |
570bd90fec8fbc190045bb72 | When was ASCII first commercially used? | 1963 | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network. TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2, which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system. Bob Bemer introduced features such ... |
570bd90fec8fbc190045bb73 | What was it used for? | a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network. TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2, which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system. Bob Bemer introduced features such ... |
570bd90fec8fbc190045bb74 | What did TWX use before ASCII? | five-bit ITA2 | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network. TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2, which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system. Bob Bemer introduced features such ... |
570bd90fec8fbc190045bb75 | Who is the father of ASCII? | Bob Bemer | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network. TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2, which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system. Bob Bemer introduced features such ... |
570bd90fec8fbc190045bb76 | What was the code first called in Europe? | Bemer-Ross Code | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network. TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2, which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system. Bob Bemer introduced features such ... |
570bdaffec8fbc190045bb8c | What does the "line feed" function do? | causes a printer to advance its paper | [
"ASCII\n\nFor example, character 10 represents the \"line feed\" function (which causes a printer to advance its paper), and character 8 represents \"backspace\". RFC 2822 refers to control characters that do not include carriage return, line feed or white space as non-whitespace control characters. Except for the ... |
570bdaffec8fbc190045bb8d | What character represents the "line feed" function? | character 10 | [
"ASCII\n\nFor example, character 10 represents the \"line feed\" function (which causes a printer to advance its paper), and character 8 represents \"backspace\". RFC 2822 refers to control characters that do not include carriage return, line feed or white space as non-whitespace control characters. Except for the ... |
570bdaffec8fbc190045bb8e | What does character 8 represent? | backspace | [
"ASCII\n\nFor example, character 10 represents the \"line feed\" function (which causes a printer to advance its paper), and character 8 represents \"backspace\". RFC 2822 refers to control characters that do not include carriage return, line feed or white space as non-whitespace control characters. Except for the ... |
570bdaffec8fbc190045bb8f | What does RFC 2822 refers to what kind of control characters? | control characters that do not include carriage return, line feed or white space as non-whitespace control characters | [
"ASCII\n\nFor example, character 10 represents the \"line feed\" function (which causes a printer to advance its paper), and character 8 represents \"backspace\". RFC 2822 refers to control characters that do not include carriage return, line feed or white space as non-whitespace control characters. Except for the ... |
570bdc256b8089140040fa9c | What did some software do to the ASCII characters? | assigned special meanings | [
"ASCII\n\nSome software assigned special meanings to ASCII characters sent to the software from the terminal. Operating systems from Digital Equipment Corporation, for example, interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning \"remove previously-typed input character\", and this interpretation also became common in... |
570bdc256b8089140040fa9d | What interpretation became common in Unix systmes? | interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning "remove previously-typed input character" | [
"ASCII\n\nSome software assigned special meanings to ASCII characters sent to the software from the terminal. Operating systems from Digital Equipment Corporation, for example, interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning \"remove previously-typed input character\", and this interpretation also became common in... |
570bdc256b8089140040fa9e | What do most other systmes use the DEL to mean? | remove the character at the cursor | [
"ASCII\n\nSome software assigned special meanings to ASCII characters sent to the software from the terminal. Operating systems from Digital Equipment Corporation, for example, interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning \"remove previously-typed input character\", and this interpretation also became common in... |
570bdc256b8089140040fa9f | What did other systmes us for "remove previously-typed input character"? | BS | [
"ASCII\n\nSome software assigned special meanings to ASCII characters sent to the software from the terminal. Operating systems from Digital Equipment Corporation, for example, interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning \"remove previously-typed input character\", and this interpretation also became common in... |
570bddefec8fbc190045bba4 | What do computers attached to the ARPANET use for line endings? | CR-LF | [
"ASCII\n\nComputers attached to the ARPANET included machines running operating systems such as TOPS-10 and TENEX using CR-LF line endings, machines running operating systems such as Multics using LF line endings, and machines running operating systems such as OS/360 that represented lines as a character count foll... |
570bddefec8fbc190045bba5 | What do computers using operating systems use for line endings? | LF | [
"ASCII\n\nComputers attached to the ARPANET included machines running operating systems such as TOPS-10 and TENEX using CR-LF line endings, machines running operating systems such as Multics using LF line endings, and machines running operating systems such as OS/360 that represented lines as a character count foll... |
570bddefec8fbc190045bba6 | Why did Telnet define an ASCII as a Network Virtual Terminal? | so that connections between hosts with different line-ending conventions and character sets could be supported | [
"ASCII\n\nComputers attached to the ARPANET included machines running operating systems such as TOPS-10 and TENEX using CR-LF line endings, machines running operating systems such as Multics using LF line endings, and machines running operating systems such as OS/360 that represented lines as a character count foll... |
570bddefec8fbc190045bba7 | How were the connections supported? | by transmitting a standard text format over the network | [
"ASCII\n\nComputers attached to the ARPANET included machines running operating systems such as TOPS-10 and TENEX using CR-LF line endings, machines running operating systems such as Multics using LF line endings, and machines running operating systems such as OS/360 that represented lines as a character count foll... |
570bddefec8fbc190045bba8 | Who else adopted this practice from Telnet? | The File Transfer Protocol | [
"ASCII\n\nComputers attached to the ARPANET included machines running operating systems such as TOPS-10 and TENEX using CR-LF line endings, machines running operating systems such as Multics using LF line endings, and machines running operating systems such as OS/360 that represented lines as a character count foll... |
570be770ec8fbc190045bbda | When was ISO/IEC 646 published? | 1972 | [
"ASCII\n\nFrom early in its development, ASCII was intended to be just one of several national variants of an international character code standard, ultimately published as ISO/IEC 646 (1972), which would share most characters in common but assign other locally useful characters to several code points reserved for ... |
570be770ec8fbc190045bbdb | What was ASCII inteded to be? | one of several national variants of an international character code standard | [
"ASCII\n\nFrom early in its development, ASCII was intended to be just one of several national variants of an international character code standard, ultimately published as ISO/IEC 646 (1972), which would share most characters in common but assign other locally useful characters to several code points reserved for ... |
570be770ec8fbc190045bbdc | When was ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation? | 1967 | [
"ASCII\n\nFrom early in its development, ASCII was intended to be just one of several national variants of an international character code standard, ultimately published as ISO/IEC 646 (1972), which would share most characters in common but assign other locally useful characters to several code points reserved for ... |
570be770ec8fbc190045bbdd | What was causing the confusion and incompatibility of the code points? | ASCII's choices for the national use characters to seem to be de facto standards for the world | [
"ASCII\n\nFrom early in its development, ASCII was intended to be just one of several national variants of an international character code standard, ultimately published as ISO/IEC 646 (1972), which would share most characters in common but assign other locally useful characters to several code points reserved for ... |
570beefe6b8089140040fac6 | What did most early home computers develop? | their own 8-bit character sets | [
"ASCII\n\nMost early home computer systems developed their own 8-bit character sets containing line-drawing and game glyphs, and often filled in some or all of the control characters from 0–31 with more graphics. Kaypro CP/M computers used the \"upper\" 128 characters for the Greek alphabet. The IBM PC defined code... |
570beefe6b8089140040fac7 | What did Kaypro CP/M computers use? | the "upper" 128 characters for the Greek alphabet | [
"ASCII\n\nMost early home computer systems developed their own 8-bit character sets containing line-drawing and game glyphs, and often filled in some or all of the control characters from 0–31 with more graphics. Kaypro CP/M computers used the \"upper\" 128 characters for the Greek alphabet. The IBM PC defined code... |
570beefe6b8089140040fac8 | What did IBM PC replace the control-characters with? | graphic symbols such as smiley faces | [
"ASCII\n\nMost early home computer systems developed their own 8-bit character sets containing line-drawing and game glyphs, and often filled in some or all of the control characters from 0–31 with more graphics. Kaypro CP/M computers used the \"upper\" 128 characters for the Greek alphabet. The IBM PC defined code... |
570beefe6b8089140040fac9 | What did Digital Equipment Corporation develop? | Multinational Character Set (DEC-MCS) | [
"ASCII\n\nMost early home computer systems developed their own 8-bit character sets containing line-drawing and game glyphs, and often filled in some or all of the control characters from 0–31 with more graphics. Kaypro CP/M computers used the \"upper\" 128 characters for the Greek alphabet. The IBM PC defined code... |
570beefe6b8089140040faca | What did Macintosh use instead of graphics? | typographic punctuation marks | [
"ASCII\n\nMost early home computer systems developed their own 8-bit character sets containing line-drawing and game glyphs, and often filled in some or all of the control characters from 0–31 with more graphics. Kaypro CP/M computers used the \"upper\" 128 characters for the Greek alphabet. The IBM PC defined code... |
570bf0126b8089140040fad0 | What does ASCII stand for? | American Standard Code for Information Interchange | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are... |
570bf0126b8089140040fad1 | What is the definition of ASCII? | is a character-encoding scheme | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are... |
570bf0126b8089140040fad2 | What does ASCII code represent? | text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are... |
570bf0126b8089140040fad3 | ASCI was the most common character encoding on the world wide web until when? | December 2007 | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are... |
570bf0126b8089140040fad4 | Who surpassed ASCII? | UTF-8 | [
"ASCII\n\nASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are... |
570bf0896b8089140040fada | Why did the committee debate adding a shift function? | would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code | [
"ASCII\n\nThe committee debated the possibility of a shift function (like in ITA2), which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code. In a shifted code, some character codes determine choices between options for the following character codes. It allows compact encoding, but is less reliable ... |
570bf0896b8089140040fadb | What is different in a shifted code? | some character codes determine choices between options for the following character codes | [
"ASCII\n\nThe committee debated the possibility of a shift function (like in ITA2), which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code. In a shifted code, some character codes determine choices between options for the following character codes. It allows compact encoding, but is less reliable ... |
570bf0896b8089140040fadc | Why did they decide against shifting code? | less reliable for data transmission as an error in transmitting the shift code typically makes a long part of the transmission unreadable | [
"ASCII\n\nThe committee debated the possibility of a shift function (like in ITA2), which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code. In a shifted code, some character codes determine choices between options for the following character codes. It allows compact encoding, but is less reliable ... |
570bf0896b8089140040fadd | What happened after they decided agasint shifting? | ASCII required at least a seven-bit code | [
"ASCII\n\nThe committee debated the possibility of a shift function (like in ITA2), which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code. In a shifted code, some character codes determine choices between options for the following character codes. It allows compact encoding, but is less reliable ... |
570bf1486b8089140040fae2 | What was the "escape" character originally intended for? | to allow sending other control characters as literals instead of invoking their meaning | [
"ASCII\n\nMany more of the control codes have been given meanings quite different from their original ones. The \"escape\" character (ESC, code 27), for example, was intended originally to allow sending other control characters as literals instead of invoking their meaning. This is the same meaning of \"escape\" en... |
570bf1486b8089140040fae3 | What does modern ESC code do? | most often used as an out-of-band character used to terminate an operation | [
"ASCII\n\nMany more of the control codes have been given meanings quite different from their original ones. The \"escape\" character (ESC, code 27), for example, was intended originally to allow sending other control characters as literals instead of invoking their meaning. This is the same meaning of \"escape\" en... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.