id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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570cf297b3d812140066d36f | What does needing energy to digest impose? | an "overhead charge" | [
"Digestion\n\nUnderlying the process is muscle movement throughout the system through swallowing and peristalsis. Each step in digestion requires energy, and thus imposes an \"overhead charge\" on the energy made available from absorbed substances. Differences in that overhead cost are important influences on lifes... |
570cf297b3d812140066d370 | Over head charges influence what? | lifestyle, behavior, and even physical structures | [
"Digestion\n\nUnderlying the process is muscle movement throughout the system through swallowing and peristalsis. Each step in digestion requires energy, and thus imposes an \"overhead charge\" on the energy made available from absorbed substances. Differences in that overhead cost are important influences on lifes... |
570cf2e7fed7b91900d45b49 | Where does digestion begin? | in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes | [
"Digestion\n\nDigestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which... |
570cf2e7fed7b91900d45b4a | What is food formed into before it is swallowed? | a bolus | [
"Digestion\n\nDigestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which... |
570cf2e7fed7b91900d45b4b | Where does food go after the esophagus? | the stomach | [
"Digestion\n\nDigestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which... |
570cf2e7fed7b91900d45b4c | What is the action of food being moved into the stomach? | peristalsis | [
"Digestion\n\nDigestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which... |
570cf2e7fed7b91900d45b4d | What does gastric juice consist of? | hydrochloric acid and pepsin | [
"Digestion\n\nDigestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which... |
570cf364fed7b91900d45b53 | What is lactase? | an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose to its component parts | [
"Digestion\n\nLactase is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose to its component parts, glucose and galactose. Glucose and galactose can be absorbed by the small intestine. Approximately 65 percent of the adult population produce only small amounts of lactase and are unable to eat unfermented milk-base... |
570cf364fed7b91900d45b54 | What are lactoses component parts? | glucose and galactose | [
"Digestion\n\nLactase is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose to its component parts, glucose and galactose. Glucose and galactose can be absorbed by the small intestine. Approximately 65 percent of the adult population produce only small amounts of lactase and are unable to eat unfermented milk-base... |
570cf364fed7b91900d45b55 | Where are glucose and galactose absorbed? | small intestine | [
"Digestion\n\nLactase is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose to its component parts, glucose and galactose. Glucose and galactose can be absorbed by the small intestine. Approximately 65 percent of the adult population produce only small amounts of lactase and are unable to eat unfermented milk-base... |
570cf364fed7b91900d45b56 | What percent of the population are unable to eat unfermented milk-based foods? | Approximately 65 percent | [
"Digestion\n\nLactase is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose to its component parts, glucose and galactose. Glucose and galactose can be absorbed by the small intestine. Approximately 65 percent of the adult population produce only small amounts of lactase and are unable to eat unfermented milk-base... |
570cf364fed7b91900d45b57 | What is knon as when you are unable to eat unfermented milk-based foods? | lactose intolerance | [
"Digestion\n\nLactase is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose to its component parts, glucose and galactose. Glucose and galactose can be absorbed by the small intestine. Approximately 65 percent of the adult population produce only small amounts of lactase and are unable to eat unfermented milk-base... |
570cf3cefed7b91900d45b5d | What is the resulting thick liquid called? | chyme | [
"Digestion\n\nAfter some time (typically 1β2 hours in humans, 4β6 hours in dogs, 3β4 hours in house cats),[citation needed] the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the li... |
570cf3cefed7b91900d45b5e | What does chyme mix with in the duodenum? | digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver | [
"Digestion\n\nAfter some time (typically 1β2 hours in humans, 4β6 hours in dogs, 3β4 hours in house cats),[citation needed] the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the li... |
570cf3cefed7b91900d45b5f | Where does hyme go after the duodenum? | the small intestine | [
"Digestion\n\nAfter some time (typically 1β2 hours in humans, 4β6 hours in dogs, 3β4 hours in house cats),[citation needed] the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the li... |
570cf3cefed7b91900d45b60 | Where is chyme absorbed into? | blood | [
"Digestion\n\nAfter some time (typically 1β2 hours in humans, 4β6 hours in dogs, 3β4 hours in house cats),[citation needed] the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the li... |
570cf3cefed7b91900d45b61 | Where does 95% of absobtion of nutrients occur? | the small intestine | [
"Digestion\n\nAfter some time (typically 1β2 hours in humans, 4β6 hours in dogs, 3β4 hours in house cats),[citation needed] the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the li... |
570cf442fed7b91900d45b71 | What is the firs phase in preparation for digestion in mammals? | the cephalic phase | [
"Digestion\n\nIn mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. T... |
570cf442fed7b91900d45b72 | What is the cephalic phase? | saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach | [
"Digestion\n\nIn mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. T... |
570cf442fed7b91900d45b73 | What digestions begin in the mouth? | Mechanical and chemical digestion | [
"Digestion\n\nIn mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. T... |
570cf442fed7b91900d45b74 | What happens in the stomach after the food is chewed and mixed with starches? | The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes | [
"Digestion\n\nIn mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. T... |
570cf442fed7b91900d45b75 | Where does absorption occur? | in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract | [
"Digestion\n\nIn mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. T... |
570cf4cefed7b91900d45b7b | Where does protein digestion occur? | in the stomach and duodenum | [
"Digestion\n\nProtein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum in which 3 main enzymes, pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas, break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids. The diges... |
570cf4cefed7b91900d45b7c | What are the three main enzymes that break down food? | pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin | [
"Digestion\n\nProtein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum in which 3 main enzymes, pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas, break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids. The diges... |
570cf4cefed7b91900d45b7d | What are digestive enzymes mostly secreted as? | inactive precursors, the zymogens | [
"Digestion\n\nProtein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum in which 3 main enzymes, pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas, break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids. The diges... |
570cf4cefed7b91900d45b7e | What are dipeptidases broken down into? | amino acids | [
"Digestion\n\nProtein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum in which 3 main enzymes, pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas, break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids. The diges... |
570cf4cefed7b91900d45b7f | What organ secretes chymotrypsin? | the pancreas | [
"Digestion\n\nProtein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum in which 3 main enzymes, pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas, break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids. The diges... |
570c02e4ec8fbc190045bc14 | What is the maximum length of a runway? | 25 meters | [
"Gymnastics\n\nGymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while \"punching\" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymna... |
570c02e4ec8fbc190045bc15 | Who gets to chose where a gymnast starts to run on the runway? | The gymnast | [
"Gymnastics\n\nGymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while \"punching\" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymna... |
570c02e4ec8fbc190045bc16 | What position is the gymnast when in the air? | a standing position | [
"Gymnastics\n\nGymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while \"punching\" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymna... |
570c02e4ec8fbc190045bc17 | What are later added to the landing by advanced gymnasts? | multiple twists and somersaults | [
"Gymnastics\n\nGymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while \"punching\" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymna... |
570c02e4ec8fbc190045bc18 | What do successful vaults depend on other than speed of the run? | the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, the kinesthetic awareness in the air, and the speed of rotation | [
"Gymnastics\n\nGymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while \"punching\" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymna... |
570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc28 | What rules state that only women can compete in rhythmic gymastics? | FIG | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAccording to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, ropeβon a floor a... |
570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc29 | What does rhythmic gymastics combine together? | ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAccording to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, ropeβon a floor a... |
570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc2a | What five seperate apparatuses are used in the five separate routines? | ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAccording to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, ropeβon a floor a... |
570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc2b | Which is more focused on, aesthetics or acrobatics? | aesthetic | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAccording to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, ropeβon a floor a... |
570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc2c | How many possible points are there for rhythmic routines? | 30 points | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAccording to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, ropeβon a floor a... |
570cdf17fed7b91900d45a3f | What does AGG stand for? | Aesthetic Group Gymnastics | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish \"naisvoimistelu\". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbo... |
570cdf17fed7b91900d45a40 | Why is AGG different than Rhythmic Gymnastics? | body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish \"naisvoimistelu\". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbo... |
570cdf17fed7b91900d45a41 | Do athletes use apparatuses in the international AGG competitions? | do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish \"naisvoimistelu\". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbo... |
570cdf17fed7b91900d45a42 | What physical qualities are needed for rhythmic gymastics? | flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish \"naisvoimistelu\". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbo... |
570cdf17fed7b91900d45a43 | What year was the Federsation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics established? | 2003 | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish \"naisvoimistelu\". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbo... |
570cdfbefed7b91900d45a49 | What is the rope made out of that the gymnists uses in their routine? | hemp or a synthetic material | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThis apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping ho... |
570cdfbefed7b91900d45a4a | How long is the rope? | Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThis apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping ho... |
570cdfbefed7b91900d45a4b | What are at the ends of the ropes to help the gymnists hold it? | One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope while doing the routine. | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThis apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping ho... |
570cdfbefed7b91900d45a4c | What other requirement is there for the rope? | The rope must be coloured, either all or partially and may either be of a uniform diameter or be progressively thicker in the center | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThis apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping ho... |
570cdfbefed7b91900d45a4d | When did FIG decide to nullify the use of ropes in competition? | 2011 | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThis apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping ho... |
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5d | Where was the FIG founded? | Liege | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first \"modern\" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international compet... |
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5e | What year was FIG founded? | 1881 | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first \"modern\" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international compet... |
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5f | When was gymnastics included in the Olympics? | 1896 | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first \"modern\" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international compet... |
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a60 | When were the first women's Olympic competitions held? | 1928 | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first \"modern\" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international compet... |
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a61 | Where were the first women's Olympic competitions held? | in Amsterdam | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first \"modern\" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international compet... |
570ce135fed7b91900d45a67 | How long is the run way in vaulting? | 25 metres (82 ft) | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIn the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then p... |
570ce135fed7b91900d45a68 | How man feet do vaulters land on? | a two footed landing | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIn the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then p... |
570ce135fed7b91900d45a69 | What determines where a vaulter starts on the runway? | their height and strength | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIn the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then p... |
570ce135fed7b91900d45a6a | What is a round-off entry vault called? | Yurchenko | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIn the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then p... |
570ce135fed7b91900d45a6b | What is the most common vault in elite level gymnastics? | yurchenko | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIn the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then p... |
570ce1bab3d812140066d2e1 | How are gymnasts scored? | from deductions taken from their start value | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score i... |
570ce1bab3d812140066d2e2 | How is the start vaule determined? | e start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score i... |
570ce1bab3d812140066d2e3 | What is this score called? | D score | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score i... |
570ce1bab3d812140066d2e4 | Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from what score? | 10.0 | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score i... |
570ce1bab3d812140066d2e5 | What were added to scoring in 2007? | adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score i... |
570ce23eb3d812140066d2eb | When were the technical rules for the Japanses version of men's rhythmic gymnastics formed? | 1970s | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring ... |
570ce23eb3d812140066d2ec | How many apparatuses are used? | only four types | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring ... |
570ce23eb3d812140066d2ed | What are the types of apparatuses used? | the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring ... |
570ce23eb3d812140066d2ee | What apparatuses do groups use? | Groups do not use any apparatus | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring ... |
570ce23eb3d812140066d2ef | When did Japan hold the first of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Champtionship? | November 27β29, 2003 | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring ... |
570ce35bfed7b91900d45a85 | What Greek word did gymnastics derive from? | Ξ³Ο
ΞΌΞ½ΟΟ (gymnos) meaning "naked" | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe word gymnastics derives from the common Greek adjective Ξ³Ο
ΞΌΞ½ΟΟ (gymnos) meaning \"naked\", by way of the related verb Ξ³Ο
ΞΌΞ½Ξ¬ΞΆΟ (gymnazo), whose meaning is to train naked\", \"train in gymnastic exercise\", generally \"to train, to exercise\". The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient ... |
570ce35bfed7b91900d45a86 | What does the verb gymnazo mean? | to train naked", "train in gymnastic exercise", generally "to train, to exercise" | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe word gymnastics derives from the common Greek adjective Ξ³Ο
ΞΌΞ½ΟΟ (gymnos) meaning \"naked\", by way of the related verb Ξ³Ο
ΞΌΞ½Ξ¬ΞΆΟ (gymnazo), whose meaning is to train naked\", \"train in gymnastic exercise\", generally \"to train, to exercise\". The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient ... |
570ce35bfed7b91900d45a87 | Why was this verb used? | because athletes in ancient times exercised and competed without clothing | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe word gymnastics derives from the common Greek adjective Ξ³Ο
ΞΌΞ½ΟΟ (gymnos) meaning \"naked\", by way of the related verb Ξ³Ο
ΞΌΞ½Ξ¬ΞΆΟ (gymnazo), whose meaning is to train naked\", \"train in gymnastic exercise\", generally \"to train, to exercise\". The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient ... |
570ce35bfed7b91900d45a88 | When did the word come into use? | 1570s | [
"Gymnastics\n\nThe word gymnastics derives from the common Greek adjective Ξ³Ο
ΞΌΞ½ΟΟ (gymnos) meaning \"naked\", by way of the related verb Ξ³Ο
ΞΌΞ½Ξ¬ΞΆΟ (gymnazo), whose meaning is to train naked\", \"train in gymnastic exercise\", generally \"to train, to exercise\". The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient ... |
570ce418fed7b91900d45a8d | What year was the Olympic Games apparatus and events standardized? | 1954 | [
"Gymnastics\n\nBy 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances,... |
570ce418fed7b91900d45a8e | What is the grading structure? | a point system from 1 to 15 | [
"Gymnastics\n\nBy 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances,... |
570ce418fed7b91900d45a8f | Who set the first precedent that continues this day? | Soviet gymnasts | [
"Gymnastics\n\nBy 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances,... |
570ce418fed7b91900d45a90 | Who recieved the first perfect score? | Nadia ComΔneci | [
"Gymnastics\n\nBy 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances,... |
570ce418fed7b91900d45a91 | What year and where was the first perfect score given? | 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada | [
"Gymnastics\n\nBy 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances,... |
570ce4cfb3d812140066d2ff | What does a typical pommel horse exercise consist of? | both single leg and double leg work | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or... |
570ce4cfb3d812140066d300 | Single leg skills are found in the form of what normally? | form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or... |
570ce4cfb3d812140066d301 | What is the main staple of this event? | Double leg work | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or... |
570ce4cfb3d812140066d302 | When does the routine end? | when the gymnast performs a dismount | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or... |
570ce4cfb3d812140066d303 | What are two ways that a gymnist dismounts? | by swinging his body over the horse, or landing after a handstand | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or... |
570ce79dfed7b91900d45ab3 | What is a critical skill in terms of execution in scores? | landing | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIn a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaini... |
570ce79dfed7b91900d45ab4 | Where do most injuries happen? | the lower extremities such as: cartilage lesions, ligament tears, and bone bruises/fractures | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIn a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaini... |
570ce79dfed7b91900d45ab5 | How do you avoid injuries? | proper technique must be used by the gymnast | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIn a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaini... |
570ce79dfed7b91900d45ab6 | What is a successful landing? | soft, meaning the knee and hip joints are at greater than 63 degrees of flexion | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIn a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaini... |
570ce830fed7b91900d45abb | Individual routines start with what phases? | build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIndividual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additio... |
570ce830fed7b91900d45abc | What does the gymnast do during the 10 bounces. | a sequence of aerial skills | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIndividual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additio... |
570ce830fed7b91900d45abd | What is the maximum scroe for routines? | 10 points | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIndividual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additio... |
570ce830fed7b91900d45abe | How can additional points be earned? | depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIndividual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additio... |
570ce830fed7b91900d45abf | In high level competitions how many preliminary rountines are there? | two preliminary routines | [
"Gymnastics\n\nIndividual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additio... |
570ce8b4fed7b91900d45ac5 | What are the uneven bars? | two horizontal bars set at different heights | [
"Gymnastics\n\nOn the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to ... |
570ce8b4fed7b91900d45ac6 | What are these bars made out of? | fiberglass covered in wood laminate | [
"Gymnastics\n\nOn the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to ... |
570ce8b4fed7b91900d45ac7 | Why are the bars not made of wood anymore? | the bars were prone to breaking, | [
"Gymnastics\n\nOn the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to ... |
570ce8b4fed7b91900d45ac8 | How have the bars changed over the years? | They've been moved increasingly further apart | [
"Gymnastics\n\nOn the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to ... |
570ce8b4fed7b91900d45ac9 | How do gymnasts normally mount the uneven bars? | using a springboard, or a small mat | [
"Gymnastics\n\nOn the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to ... |
570ce94dfed7b91900d45acf | What does a higher flight phase result in? | a higher vertical ground reaction force | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear ... |
570ce94dfed7b91900d45ad0 | What is vertical ground reaction force? | s external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear ... |
570ce94dfed7b91900d45ad1 | What else is an important aspect that affects linear and agular movements? | time the landing takes Gymnasts | [
"Gymnastics\n\nA higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear ... |
570ce9e1b3d812140066d309 | What was aerobic gymnastics called orginally? | Sport Aerobics | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also ... |
570ce9e1b3d812140066d30a | What does aerobic gymnastiscs involve? | the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness | [
"Gymnastics\n\nAerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also ... |
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