Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

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57099a75200fba14003681cd	What produces tracks similar to the fossilized tracks discovered by paleontologists?	Gromia sphaerica	[ "Animal\n\nSome paleontologists suggest that animals appeared much earlier than the Cambrian explosion, possibly as early as 1 billion years ago. Trace fossils such as tracks and burrows found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of triploblastic worms, like metazoans, roughly as large (about 5 mm wide) and c...
57099b92200fba14003681d3	It is believed that animals evolved from what?	a flagellated eukaryote	[ "Animal\n\nAnimals are generally considered to have evolved from a flagellated eukaryote. Their closest known living relatives are the choanoflagellates, collared flagellates that have a morphology similar to the choanocytes of certain sponges. Molecular studies place animals in a supergroup called the opisthokonts...
57099b92200fba14003681d4	What are the closest known living relatives of animals?	choanoflagellates	[ "Animal\n\nAnimals are generally considered to have evolved from a flagellated eukaryote. Their closest known living relatives are the choanoflagellates, collared flagellates that have a morphology similar to the choanocytes of certain sponges. Molecular studies place animals in a supergroup called the opisthokonts...
57099b92200fba14003681d5	What is the name of the supergroup that animals have been placed in by molecular studies?	opisthokonts	[ "Animal\n\nAnimals are generally considered to have evolved from a flagellated eukaryote. Their closest known living relatives are the choanoflagellates, collared flagellates that have a morphology similar to the choanocytes of certain sponges. Molecular studies place animals in a supergroup called the opisthokonts...
57099b92200fba14003681d6	The opisthokonts also include what other organisms?	choanoflagellates, fungi and a few small parasitic protists	[ "Animal\n\nAnimals are generally considered to have evolved from a flagellated eukaryote. Their closest known living relatives are the choanoflagellates, collared flagellates that have a morphology similar to the choanocytes of certain sponges. Molecular studies place animals in a supergroup called the opisthokonts...
57099b92200fba14003681d7	Where does the name opisthokonts come from?	the posterior location of the flagellum in motile cells	[ "Animal\n\nAnimals are generally considered to have evolved from a flagellated eukaryote. Their closest known living relatives are the choanoflagellates, collared flagellates that have a morphology similar to the choanocytes of certain sponges. Molecular studies place animals in a supergroup called the opisthokonts...
57099f78200fba14003681ef	What is the group of animals that often have a specialized head with feeding and sensory organs called?	Bilateria	[ "Animal\n\nThe remaining animals form a monophyletic group called the Bilateria. For the most part, they are bilaterally symmetric, and often have a specialized head with feeding and sensory organs. The body is triploblastic, i.e. all three germ layers are well-developed, and tissues form distinct organs. The diges...
57099f78200fba14003681f0	How many openings in the digestive chamber do animals in the Bilateria group have?	two	[ "Animal\n\nThe remaining animals form a monophyletic group called the Bilateria. For the most part, they are bilaterally symmetric, and often have a specialized head with feeding and sensory organs. The body is triploblastic, i.e. all three germ layers are well-developed, and tissues form distinct organs. The diges...
57099f78200fba14003681f1	What are the openings in the digestive chambers for animals in the Bilateria group called?	mouth and an anus	[ "Animal\n\nThe remaining animals form a monophyletic group called the Bilateria. For the most part, they are bilaterally symmetric, and often have a specialized head with feeding and sensory organs. The body is triploblastic, i.e. all three germ layers are well-developed, and tissues form distinct organs. The diges...
57099f78200fba14003681f2	What is the internal body cavity of animals in the Bilateria group called?	coelom or pseudocoelom	[ "Animal\n\nThe remaining animals form a monophyletic group called the Bilateria. For the most part, they are bilaterally symmetric, and often have a specialized head with feeding and sensory organs. The body is triploblastic, i.e. all three germ layers are well-developed, and tissues form distinct organs. The diges...
5709a2feed30961900e843a2	What are some examples of non-bilaterian animals?	Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa	[ "Animal\n\nTraditional morphological and modern molecular phylogenetic analysis have both recognized a major evolutionary transition from \"non-bilaterian\" animals, which are those lacking a bilaterally symmetric body plan (Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa), to \"bilaterian\" animals (Bilateria) whose b...
5709a2feed30961900e843a3	What are animals whose body plans display bilateral symmetry called?	bilaterian	[ "Animal\n\nTraditional morphological and modern molecular phylogenetic analysis have both recognized a major evolutionary transition from \"non-bilaterian\" animals, which are those lacking a bilaterally symmetric body plan (Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa), to \"bilaterian\" animals (Bilateria) whose b...
5709a2feed30961900e843a4	Animals in what group are thought to form a monophyletic group?	bilaterian	[ "Animal\n\nTraditional morphological and modern molecular phylogenetic analysis have both recognized a major evolutionary transition from \"non-bilaterian\" animals, which are those lacking a bilaterally symmetric body plan (Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa), to \"bilaterian\" animals (Bilateria) whose b...
5709a434ed30961900e843b2	What groups is named after the trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis?	Ecdysozoa	[ "Animal\n\nThe Ecdysozoa are protostomes, named after the common trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis. The largest animal phylum belongs here, the Arthropoda, including insects, spiders, crabs, and their kin. All these organisms have a body divided into repeating segments, typically with paired appendages. Two sm...
5709a434ed30961900e843b3	What are some animals in the Arthropoda group?	insects, spiders, crabs	[ "Animal\n\nThe Ecdysozoa are protostomes, named after the common trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis. The largest animal phylum belongs here, the Arthropoda, including insects, spiders, crabs, and their kin. All these organisms have a body divided into repeating segments, typically with paired appendages. Two sm...
5709a434ed30961900e843b4	Organisms in the Arthropoda group have bodies that are divided into what?	repeating segments	[ "Animal\n\nThe Ecdysozoa are protostomes, named after the common trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis. The largest animal phylum belongs here, the Arthropoda, including insects, spiders, crabs, and their kin. All these organisms have a body divided into repeating segments, typically with paired appendages. Two sm...
5709a434ed30961900e843b5	What groups are relatives of the arthropods?	Onychophora and Tardigrada	[ "Animal\n\nThe Ecdysozoa are protostomes, named after the common trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis. The largest animal phylum belongs here, the Arthropoda, including insects, spiders, crabs, and their kin. All these organisms have a body divided into repeating segments, typically with paired appendages. Two sm...
5709a434ed30961900e843b6	What is another name for roundworms?	Nematoda	[ "Animal\n\nThe Ecdysozoa are protostomes, named after the common trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis. The largest animal phylum belongs here, the Arthropoda, including insects, spiders, crabs, and their kin. All these organisms have a body divided into repeating segments, typically with paired appendages. Two sm...
5709b099200fba140036826d	Why is it more economical for scientists to study a small number of species?	the great diversity found in animals	[ "Animal\n\nBecause of the great diversity found in animals, it is more economical for scientists to study a small number of chosen species so that connections can be drawn from their work and conclusions extrapolated about how animals function in general. Because they are easy to keep and breed, the fruit fly Droso...
5709b099200fba140036826e	Which organisms were among the first life-forms to be genetically sequenced?	fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	[ "Animal\n\nBecause of the great diversity found in animals, it is more economical for scientists to study a small number of chosen species so that connections can be drawn from their work and conclusions extrapolated about how animals function in general. Because they are easy to keep and breed, the fruit fly Droso...
5709b099200fba140036826f	Why are the fruit fly and the nematode the most intensively studied metazoan model organisms?	they are easy to keep and breed	[ "Animal\n\nBecause of the great diversity found in animals, it is more economical for scientists to study a small number of chosen species so that connections can be drawn from their work and conclusions extrapolated about how animals function in general. Because they are easy to keep and breed, the fruit fly Droso...
5709b099200fba1400368270	Analysis of what genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to the Eumetazoa?	starlet sea anemone	[ "Animal\n\nBecause of the great diversity found in animals, it is more economical for scientists to study a small number of chosen species so that connections can be drawn from their work and conclusions extrapolated about how animals function in general. Because they are easy to keep and breed, the fruit fly Droso...
5709c643ed30961900e8448a	What are two of the most successful animal phyla?	Mollusca and Annelida	[ "Animal\n\nThe Lophotrochozoa, evolved within Protostomia, include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida. The former, which is the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes animals such as snails, clams, and squids, and the latter comprises the segmented worm...
5709c643ed30961900e8448b	What are some of the animals in Mollusca?	snails, clams, and squids	[ "Animal\n\nThe Lophotrochozoa, evolved within Protostomia, include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida. The former, which is the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes animals such as snails, clams, and squids, and the latter comprises the segmented worm...
5709c643ed30961900e8448c	What are some of the animals in Annelida?	earthworms and leeches	[ "Animal\n\nThe Lophotrochozoa, evolved within Protostomia, include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida. The former, which is the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes animals such as snails, clams, and squids, and the latter comprises the segmented worm...
5709c643ed30961900e8448d	Why are the Mollusca and Annelida considered to be close relatives?	common presence of trochophore larvae	[ "Animal\n\nThe Lophotrochozoa, evolved within Protostomia, include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida. The former, which is the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes animals such as snails, clams, and squids, and the latter comprises the segmented worm...
5709c643ed30961900e8448e	What are the phyla that have a ring of ciliated tentacles around the mouth called?	lophophore	[ "Animal\n\nThe Lophotrochozoa, evolved within Protostomia, include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida. The former, which is the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes animals such as snails, clams, and squids, and the latter comprises the segmented worm...
5709c9c4ed30961900e844a8	Animal phyla that are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry are thought to have come from where?	other animals early in evolution	[ "Animal\n\nSeveral animal phyla are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry, and are thought to have diverged from other animals early in evolution. Among these, the sponges (Porifera) were long thought to have diverged first, representing the oldest animal phylum. They lack the complex organization found i...
5709c9c4ed30961900e844a9	Which animal represents the oldest animal phyla?	sponges	[ "Animal\n\nSeveral animal phyla are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry, and are thought to have diverged from other animals early in evolution. Among these, the sponges (Porifera) were long thought to have diverged first, representing the oldest animal phylum. They lack the complex organization found i...
5709c9c4ed30961900e844aa	How do sponges typically feed?	drawing in water through pores	[ "Animal\n\nSeveral animal phyla are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry, and are thought to have diverged from other animals early in evolution. Among these, the sponges (Porifera) were long thought to have diverged first, representing the oldest animal phylum. They lack the complex organization found i...
5709c9c4ed30961900e844ab	During what time were a series of phylogenomic studies conducted that found support for comb jellies as the basal lineage of animals?	2008-2015	[ "Animal\n\nSeveral animal phyla are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry, and are thought to have diverged from other animals early in evolution. Among these, the sponges (Porifera) were long thought to have diverged first, representing the oldest animal phylum. They lack the complex organization found i...
5709cfcc4103511400d59450	What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common?	both groups possess a complete digestive tract	[ "Animal\n\nDeuterostomes differ from protostomes in several ways. Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract. However, in protostomes, the first opening of the gut to appear in embryological development (the archenteron) develops into the mouth, with the anus forming secondarily. In deuterostomes t...
5709cfcc4103511400d59451	In which group does the anus form first, with the mouth developing secondarily?	deuterostomes	[ "Animal\n\nDeuterostomes differ from protostomes in several ways. Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract. However, in protostomes, the first opening of the gut to appear in embryological development (the archenteron) develops into the mouth, with the anus forming secondarily. In deuterostomes t...
5709cfcc4103511400d59452	What is the process in which cells fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm called?	schizocoelous development	[ "Animal\n\nDeuterostomes differ from protostomes in several ways. Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract. However, in protostomes, the first opening of the gut to appear in embryological development (the archenteron) develops into the mouth, with the anus forming secondarily. In deuterostomes t...
5709cfcc4103511400d59453	What is the process in which the mesoderm is formed through invagination of the endoderm called?	enterocoelic pouching	[ "Animal\n\nDeuterostomes differ from protostomes in several ways. Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract. However, in protostomes, the first opening of the gut to appear in embryological development (the archenteron) develops into the mouth, with the anus forming secondarily. In deuterostomes t...
5709cfcc4103511400d59454	What do deuterostome embryos undergo during cell division?	radial cleavage	[ "Animal\n\nDeuterostomes differ from protostomes in several ways. Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract. However, in protostomes, the first opening of the gut to appear in embryological development (the archenteron) develops into the mouth, with the anus forming secondarily. In deuterostomes t...
5709d15f4103511400d59464	What is another name for flatworm?	Platyhelminthes	[ "Animal\n\nThe Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. A number of parasites are included in this group, such as the flukes and tapeworms. Flatworms are acoelomat...
5709d15f4103511400d59465	What are some parasites included in the Platyhelminthes group?	flukes and tapeworms	[ "Animal\n\nThe Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. A number of parasites are included in this group, such as the flukes and tapeworms. Flatworms are acoelomat...
5709d15f4103511400d59466	What does acoelomates mean?	lacking a body cavity	[ "Animal\n\nThe Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. A number of parasites are included in this group, such as the flukes and tapeworms. Flatworms are acoelomat...
5709d15f4103511400d59467	What are the flatworms closest relative?	Gastrotricha	[ "Animal\n\nThe Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. A number of parasites are included in this group, such as the flukes and tapeworms. Flatworms are acoelomat...
5709d15f4103511400d59468	Where are the rotifera most prominent?	in aqueous environments	[ "Animal\n\nThe Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. A number of parasites are included in this group, such as the flukes and tapeworms. Flatworms are acoelomat...
5709d4004103511400d59476	How do most animals use the energy of sunlight?	eating plants or plant-eating animals	[ "Animal\n\nMost animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bon...
5709d4004103511400d59477	What do plants use to convert inorganic molecules into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules?	light	[ "Animal\n\nMost animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bon...
5709d4004103511400d59478	What does photosynthesis convert the energy of sunlight into?	chemical energy	[ "Animal\n\nMost animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bon...
5709d4004103511400d59479	When an animal eats plants or another animal that has eaten plants, what happens to the reduced carbon compounds in the food?	become a source of energy and building materials for the animal	[ "Animal\n\nMost animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bon...
5709d4004103511400d5947a	What happens with the reduced carbon compounds in the food are broken down releasing stored solar energy?	giving the animal the energy required for motion	[ "Animal\n\nMost animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bon...
57099056ed30961900e84328	What is the process of making beer called?	brewing	[ "Beer\n\nThe process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commerc...
57099056ed30961900e84329	What is a building called that is used for making beer?	a brewery	[ "Beer\n\nThe process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commerc...
57099056ed30961900e8432a	What is company that makes beer typically known as?	a brewing company	[ "Beer\n\nThe process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commerc...
57099056ed30961900e8432b	What is beer classified as when it is made for non-commerical consumption?	homebrewing	[ "Beer\n\nThe process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commerc...
57099056ed30961900e8432c	In what year was home brewing first allowed in the UK?	1963	[ "Beer\n\nThe process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commerc...
57099360ed30961900e8434a	In breweries, what do you call a small vat that is filled with hops?	a hopback	[ "Beer\n\nAfter boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is ...
57099360ed30961900e8434b	In what phase of brewing does hopped wort become beer?	fermentation	[ "Beer\n\nAfter boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is ...
57099360ed30961900e8434c	What substance settles and make beer clear after it ferments?	yeast	[ "Beer\n\nAfter boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is ...
57099360ed30961900e8434d	How long does the fermentation process take in brewing beer?	a week to months	[ "Beer\n\nAfter boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is ...
57099360ed30961900e8434e	What substance is added to hopped wort once it cools after boiling?	yeast	[ "Beer\n\nAfter boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is ...
570a2cda6d058f1900182cd0	What is the main source of starch and most beer?	barley malt	[ "Beer\n\nNearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as...
570a2cda6d058f1900182cd1	At what point does barley have it's hull broken up into pieces?	After malting	[ "Beer\n\nNearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as...
570a2cda6d058f1900182cd2	What takes the place of barley malt in gluten-free beer?	sorghum	[ "Beer\n\nNearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as...
570a2cda6d058f1900182cd3	When is sweet wort separated during the brewing process?	during lautering	[ "Beer\n\nNearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as...
570a2cda6d058f1900182cd4	Aside from barley, what is a another product founded beer that might contain gluten?	wheat	[ "Beer\n\nNearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as...
570a30f74103511400d595b2	What is a brewery called that makes a small amount of beer?	microbrewery	[ "Beer\n\nA microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) ...
570a30f74103511400d595b3	In general, how much beer can a microbrewery make and still be classified as a microbrewery?	around 15,000 barrels	[ "Beer\n\nA microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) ...
570a30f74103511400d595b4	What would you call a microbrewery that also has a restaurant or a pub?	brewpub	[ "Beer\n\nA microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) ...
570a30f74103511400d595b5	What city is home to the oldest known brewery in the world that is still active?	Freising	[ "Beer\n\nA microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) ...
570a30f74103511400d595b6	What year was The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery first licensed as a brewery?	1040	[ "Beer\n\nA microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) ...
570a329c4103511400d595bc	What is the main source of the alcohol in beer?	sugars	[ "Beer\n\nThe alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable su...
570a329c4103511400d595bd	What is the process during brewing in which sugar is metabolized into alcohol?	fermentation	[ "Beer\n\nThe alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable su...
570a329c4103511400d595be	At what concentration can yeast no longer survive in alcohol?	above 12%	[ "Beer\n\nThe alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable su...
570a329c4103511400d595bf	What could decrease alcohol content during the brewing process?	Low temperatures	[ "Beer\n\nThe alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable su...
570a329c4103511400d595c0	Why would more fermentable sugars be added to be beer during the brewing process?	to increase alcohol content	[ "Beer\n\nThe alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable su...
570a34484103511400d595c6	What would you call a beer that has not been filtered or pasteurized?	Cask-conditioned ales	[ "Beer\n\nCask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed \"real ale\" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a \"stillage\" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and the...
570a34484103511400d595c7	What would you call a frame that holds the cask of beer horizontally when it arrives at the pub?	stillage	[ "Beer\n\nCask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed \"real ale\" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a \"stillage\" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and the...
570a34484103511400d595c8	What temperature are cask ales stored at before being tapped?	52–55 °F	[ "Beer\n\nCask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed \"real ale\" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a \"stillage\" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and the...
570a34484103511400d595c9	How long does it take for sediment to settle and clear after a cask ale has been tapped?	from several hours to several days	[ "Beer\n\nCask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed \"real ale\" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a \"stillage\" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and the...
570a34484103511400d595ca	What tool is used to pull beer from a cask to serve?	a hand pump	[ "Beer\n\nCask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed \"real ale\" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a \"stillage\" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and the...
570a35f06d058f1900182cee	What type of alcohol is found in beer?	ethyl alcohol	[ "Beer\n\nBeer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol dep...
570a35f06d058f1900182cef	How is alcohol measured in the human body?	blood alcohol concentration	[ "Beer\n\nBeer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol dep...
570a35f06d058f1900182cf0	What type of alcohol is found in wine and distilled spirits?	ethyl alcohol	[ "Beer\n\nBeer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol dep...
570a35f06d058f1900182cf1	What is it called when someone dies from inhaling vomit?	pulmonary aspiration	[ "Beer\n\nBeer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol dep...
570a35f06d058f1900182cf2	What could be caused by a 0.80% Blood alcohol content in a human?	fatal alcohol poisoning	[ "Beer\n\nBeer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol dep...
570a37326d058f1900182cf8	What types of containers is beer generally sold in?	bottles and cans	[ "Beer\n\nBeer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer i...
570a37326d058f1900182cf9	In addition to bottles and cans, How is beer often sold in bars?	draught	[ "Beer\n\nBeer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer i...
570a37326d058f1900182cfa	In general, what is usually the alcohol content in most beer?	around 4% to 6%	[ "Beer\n\nBeer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer i...
570a37326d058f1900182cfb	What festivals are a social tradition in many beer drinking countries?	beer festivals,	[ "Beer\n\nBeer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer i...
570a37326d058f1900182cfc	What is a pub game that is popular in many beer drinking nations?	bar billiards	[ "Beer\n\nBeer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer i...
570a38604103511400d595d0	What is the main ingredient in beer?	water	[ "Beer\n\nBeer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; whil...
570a38604103511400d595d1	What type of water is good for making stout beer, like Guinness?	hard water	[ "Beer\n\nBeer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; whil...
570a38604103511400d595d2	What type of water is best for making pale lager?	soft water	[ "Beer\n\nBeer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; whil...
570a38604103511400d595d3	What is the process called when gypsum is added to water?	Burtonisation	[ "Beer\n\nBeer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; whil...
570a38604103511400d595d4	What type of beer benefits most from water that contains gypsum?	pale ale	[ "Beer\n\nBeer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; whil...
570a3a0e6d058f1900182d02	In what year did William IV adopt a purity law pertaining to beer?	1516	[ "Beer\n\nIn 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be...
570a3a0e6d058f1900182d03	What was the title of William IV in 1516?	Duke of Bavaria	[ "Beer\n\nIn 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be...
570a3a0e6d058f1900182d04	What was the name of the purity law that regulated beer in 1516, and is still in use today?	Reinheitsgebot	[ "Beer\n\nIn 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be...
570a3a0e6d058f1900182d05	Aside from water and hops, what is the only other ingredient allowed in beer?	barley-malt	[ "Beer\n\nIn 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be...
570a3a0e6d058f1900182d06	Who was the Duke of Bavaria in 1516?	William IV	[ "Beer\n\nIn 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be...
570a3bf74103511400d595da	What is the main cause for the bitterness in beer?	Hops	[ "Beer\n\nHops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antib...
570a3bf74103511400d595db	What is the main goals for the sweetness of beer?	malt	[ "Beer\n\nHops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antib...
570a3bf74103511400d595dc	How is the bitterness in most beers generally measured?	the International Bitterness Units scale	[ "Beer\n\nHops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antib...
570a3bf74103511400d595dd	The acidity of what ingredient acts as a preservative in beer?	hops	[ "Beer\n\nHops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antib...

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