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6007 | dbpedia | 1 | 2 | https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/ | en | The World Factbook | [
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Armenia prides itself on being the first state to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Armenia has existed as a political entity for centuries, but for much of its history it was under the sway of various empires, including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, Ottoman, and Russian. During World War I, the Ottoman Empire instituted a policy of forced resettlement that, coupled with other harsh practices targeting its Armenian subjects, resulted in at least 1 million deaths; these actions have been widely recognized as constituting genocide. During the early 19th century, significant Armenian populations fell under Russian rule. Armenia declared its independence in 1918 in the wake of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, but it was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenia, along with Azerbaijan and Georgia, was initially incorporated into the USSR as part of the Transcaucasian Federated Soviet Socialist Republic; in 1936, the republic was separated into its three constituent entities, which were maintained until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
For over three decades, Armenia had a longstanding conflict with neighboring Azerbaijan about the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which historically had a mixed Armenian and Azerbaijani population, although ethnic Armenians have constituted the majority since the late 19th century. In 1921, Moscow placed Nagorno-Karabakh within Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast. In the late Soviet period, a separatist movement developed that sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 and escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a cease-fire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled NagornoâKarabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in a second military conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020; Armenia lost control over much of the territory it had previously captured, returning the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the territories around it to Azerbaijan. In September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain control over Nagorno-Karabakh; after an armed conflict that lasted only one day, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia.
Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan during the first period of conflict with Armenia and has since maintained a closed border, leaving Armenia with closed borders both in the west (with Turkey) and east (with Azerbaijan). Armenia and Turkey engaged in intensive diplomacy to normalize relations and open the border in 2009, but the signed agreement was not ratified in either country. In 2015, Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union alongside Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. In 2017, Armenia signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the EU.
In 2018, former President of Armenia (2008-18) Serzh SARGSIAN of the Republican Party of Armenia (RPA) tried to extend his time in power, prompting protests that became known as the âVelvet Revolution.â After SARGSIAN resigned, the National Assembly elected the leader of the protests, Civil Contract party chief Nikol PASHINYAN, as the new prime minister. PASHINYANâs party has prevailed in subsequent legislative elections, most recently in 2021.Â
Demographic profile
Armeniaâs population peaked at nearly 3.7 million in the late 1980s but has declined sharply since independence in 1991, to just over 3 million in 2021, largely as a result of its decreasing fertility rate, increasing death rate, and negative net emigration rate. The total fertility rate (the average number of children born per woman) first fell below the 2.1 replacement level in the late 1990s and has hovered around 1.6-1.65 for over 15 years. In an effort to increase the countryâs birth rate, the government has expanded its child benefits, including a substantial increase in the lump sum payment for having a first and second child and a boost in the monthly payment to mothers of children under two. Reversing net negative migration, however, remains the biggest obstacle to stabilizing or increasing population growth. Emigration causes Armenia not only lose individuals but also the children they might have.Â
The emigration of a significant number of working-age people combined with decreased fertility and increased life expectancy is causing the elderly share of Armeniaâs population to grow. The growing elderly population will put increasing pressure on the governmentâs ability to fund the pension system, health care, and other services for seniors. Improving education, creating more jobs (particularly in the formal sector), promoting labor market participation, and increasing productivity would mitigate the financial impact of supporting a growing elderly population.
Armenia has a long history of migration, some forced and some voluntary. Its large diaspora is diverse and dispersed around the world. Widely varying estimates suggest the Armenian diaspora may number anywhere from 5-9 million, easily outnumbering the number of Armenians living in Armenia. Armenians forged communities abroad from ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome to Russia and to the Americas, where they excelled as craftsmen, merchants, and in other occupations.Â
Several waves of Armenian migration occurred in the 20th century. In the aftermath of the 1915 Armenian genocide, hundreds of thousands of survivors fled to communities in the Caucasus (including present day Armenia), Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Europe, and Russia and established new communities in Africa and the Americas. In the 1930s, the Soviets deported thousands of Armenians to Siberia and Central Asia. After World War II, the Soviets encouraged the Armenian diaspora in France, the Middle East, and Iran to return the Armenian homeland in order to encourage population growth after significant losses in the male workforce during the war.Â
Following Armenian independence in 1991, the economic downturn and high unemployment prompted hundreds of thousands of Armenians to seek better economic opportunities primarily in Russia but also in the US, former Soviet states, and Europe. In the early 1990s, hundreds of thousands of Armenians fled from Azerbaijan to Armenia because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karbakh conflict, but many of them then emigrated again, mainly to Russia and the US. When the economy became more stable in the late 1990s, permanent emigration slowed, but Armenians continued to seek temporary seasonal work in Russia. The remittances families receive from relatives working abroad is vital to Armenian households and the countryâs economy. | |||||||
6007 | dbpedia | 2 | 54 | https://reliefweb.int/report/armenia/armenia-inter-agency-rapid-needs-assessment-report-october-2023 | en | Armenia: Inter-Agency Rapid Needs Assessment Report, October 2023 - Armenia | [
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] | null | [] | 2023-11-13T05:46:38+00:00 | Assessment in English on Armenia about Education, Food and Nutrition and more; published on 13 Nov 2023 by UNHCR | en | /themes/custom/common_design_subtheme/favicon.ico | ReliefWeb | https://reliefweb.int/report/armenia/armenia-inter-agency-rapid-needs-assessment-report-october-2023 | Attachments
Download Report (PDF | 468.34 KB)
Context
During the last week of September 2023, over 100,000 ethnic Armenians fled the Karabakh region and arrived in Armenia. An average of 15,000 people arrived per day, with a peak of 40,000 refugees entering the country on 27 September 2023. Overall, the number of refugees constitute almost 3 per cent of the entire Armenian population, i.e., 1 in 30 people, which adds to the 36,000 refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless people of all nationalities who were already present in the country.
As of 19 October 2023, as per the data available from the Government of the Republic of Armenia, 101 848 refugees are registered, of which 48,964 are males and 52,884 are females, 9,000 people with disabilities, 12,000 older person (65 years or above) and 30,000 are children. The refugees are currently located in different regions across Armenia, with the highest numbers residing in Yerevan, Kotayk, and Ararat. Most refugees settle in areas where they have family/ social support network, familiarity with the place, and access to services.
According to data provided by the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport, as of 20 October 2023, 15,424 refugee children were enrolled in the schools of the regions of Armenia and Yerevan. The region wise enrolment of children is as follow Syunik 585,
Vayots Dzor 324, Gegharkunik 737, Ararat 2085, Kotayk 2873, Aragatsotn 720, Armavir 1298, Shirak 629, Lori 905, Tavush 477, Yerevan 4791.As of 19 October 2023, 80 teachers from the refugee community were hired as teachers.
According to Government data, 95,200 refugees have received one-time cash assistance, including 71,200 adults and 24,000 children.
According to the data provided by the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Infrastructure (MoTAI) as of 20 October 2023, more than 55,000 refugees have found accommodation with government support, and more than 25,000 people found a place of residence on their own initiative. The Government reported about 1000 people left the hotels and guesthouses and moved to other places of residence of their choice.
As of 20 October 2023, according to data from the Ministry of Health, 41,280 refugees have been registered in polyclinics and outpatient clinics. Currently,151 refugees are hospitalised, and 100 patients have been discharged. 19 patients continue to receive their treatment outside Armenia. Government registered 88 new births from refugee household, of which 45 new-borns in Yerevan, and 43 in other regions. | ||||
6007 | dbpedia | 2 | 8 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Armenia/Settlement-patterns | en | Armenia - Mountains, Plateaus, Valleys | [
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"Ronald Grigor Suny",
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] | 1999-07-26T00:00:00+00:00 | Armenia - Mountains, Plateaus, Valleys: The population density is highest in the Ararat Plain, which serves as the centre of Armenia’s economy and culture. The river valleys in the southeast and northeast are the next most densely populated areas. Half the population is concentrated in the zone marked by an upper elevation limit of 3,300 feet, which makes up only about one-tenth of the entire territory. Many people also live in the foothills, at elevations of 3,300–4,900 feet, and in the mountains (4,900–6,600 feet). These regions account for a further third of the entire population. The high ranges and mountains are lightly populated; no one | en | /favicon.png | Encyclopedia Britannica | https://www.britannica.com/place/Armenia/Settlement-patterns | Settlement patterns
inArmenia inPeople
The population density is highest in the Ararat Plain, which serves as the centre of Armenia’s economy and culture. The river valleys in the southeast and northeast are the next most densely populated areas. Half the population is concentrated in the zone marked by an upper elevation limit of 3,300 feet, which makes up only about one-tenth of the entire territory. Many people also live in the foothills, at elevations of 3,300–4,900 feet, and in the mountains (4,900–6,600 feet). These regions account for a further third of the entire population. The high ranges and mountains are lightly populated; no one resides above 7,800 feet.
Audio File: National anthem of Armenia
Head Of Government:
Prime Minister: Nikol Pashinyan
Population:
(2024 est.) 3,009,000
Head Of State:
President: Vahagn Kachaturyan
Form Of Government:
unitary multiparty republic with a single legislative body (National Assembly [105])
Fundamental changes in the distribution of Armenia’s population have been caused by the urbanization resulting from economic growth, particularly from the country’s industrialization. Before the Russian Revolution, Armenia’s four cities—Erevan (now Yerevan), Alexandropol (Gyumri), Kamo, and Goris—accounted for about one-tenth of the total population. Two-thirds of the population are now urbanized.
Recent News
July 30, 2024, 5:09 AM ET (Voice of America)
Turkish, Armenian envoys resume talks aimed at reconciliation
July 29, 2024, 3:23 AM ET (Jerusalem Post)
Turkish, Armenian officials to hold normalization talks after 2-year lull, source says
July 26, 2024, 5:35 AM ET (ABC News (U.S.))
2 killed in a military aircraft crash in Armenia
July 23, 2024, 3:34 AM ET (Newsweek)
NATO Ally Accused of Seeking 'Confrontation' Near Russia's Borders
July 19, 2024, 9:14 AM ET (AP)
2 killed in a military aircraft crash in Armenia
The high country to the north of Shirak and in the Zangezur region has small hamlets that lie in secluded glens, on riverbanks, and near springs; in the plain, such settlements cluster around mountain streams and irrigation canals, amid orchards and vineyards.
Demographic trends
The Russian campaigns against the Persians and the Turks in the 18th and 19th centuries resulted in large emigrations of Armenians under Muslim rule to the Transcaucasian provinces of the Russian Empire and to Russia itself. Armenians settled in Yerevan, Tʿbilisi, Karabakh, Shemakha (now Şamaxı), Astrakhan, and Bessarabia. At the time of the massacres in Turkish Armenia in 1915 (see Armenian Genocide), some Armenians found asylum in Russia.
A number settled in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh, within the neighbouring Muslim country of Azerbaijan. Armenians now constitute about three-fourths of the population of Nagorno-Karabakh; since 1988 there have been violent interethnic disputes and sporadic warfare between Armenians and Azerbaijanis in and around the enclave. After the conflict between the two ethnic groups escalated, most of Armenia’s Azerbaijani population fled or was expelled from the country.
Another wave of Armenians emigrated during the economic crisis of the 1990s. By the mid-1990s an estimated 750,000 Armenians—about one-fifth of the population—had left the country. According to most estimates, as a result of the 20th-century emigration waves, at least 5,000,000 Armenians now live abroad, with a plurality living in the states of the former Soviet Union and more than 1,000,000 living in the United States.
At present, Armenia’s birth rate is below the world’s average, and its death rate is higher than average. About one-fifth of the population is under age 15, and more than two-fifths is under age 30. Life expectancy, averaging 75 years of age, is about the global mean.
Economy
Under Soviet rule the Armenian economy was transformed from agricultural to primarily industrial; agriculture, however, remains important, accounting for about two-fifths of the gross domestic product and employing one-fifth of the labour force. Industry is heavily dependent on imports of energy and raw materials.
The massive earthquake of 1988 destroyed nearly one-third of Armenia’s industrial capacity, seriously weakening the economy. In 1989 the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh led Azerbaijan to impose a blockade, closing a vital natural gas pipeline to Armenia. The subsequent severe energy shortage—combined with the disruption of key trade routes due to civil unrest in Georgia—caused a sharp drop in industrial production, further devastating the economy. Most of the population of Armenia thus experienced severe economic hardship during the 1990s.
After independence, Armenia implemented a number of structural reforms in an effort to create the institutional and legal basis for a market economy. Reforms included substantial privatization of industry and agriculture, restructuring of the tax and financial systems, and price liberalization. A new currency, the dram, was introduced in 1993, replacing the ruble.
Agriculture
Agriculture in Armenia has to contend with many difficulties. Arable land is scarce; cultivated lands (plowland, orchards, and vineyards) occupy less than two-fifths of the total area. Pastures and meadows mowed for hay cover a larger area, approaching one-fourth of the territory. Farmlands in mountain regions form a mosaic of cornfields, orchards, vineyards, and pastures. Considerable tracts of arable land also are found in the Ararat Plain, the Shirak Steppe, and the southern part of the Sevan Basin.
The extensive irrigated lands in the low, sunny Ararat Plain and cultivated stretches in the northeastern and southern river valleys yield high-quality grapes and fruits. Storage lakes, dams, and pumping stations have been built and irrigation canals dug. More than half the total arable land area is irrigated. Farming, above an elevation of 3,300 feet, also combines with cattle raising; grain crops are cultivated and cattle are raised in the mountains, while tobacco and potatoes are raised in the lower, warmer part of the mountain belt. Farm products provide raw materials for many industries.
Viticulture is the leading branch of agriculture. Among the many orchard crops, peaches and apricots are the most common. Apples, cherries, mazzards (sweet cherries), and pears are cultivated in the colder climate, and walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, pomegranates, and figs are also produced in this area. Vegetables are grown in the main agricultural regions, potatoes in the cooler mountains. Quality tobaccos are widely cultivated. Cotton and sugar beets, formerly grown in the Ararat Plain, are being succeeded by more valuable crops, such as grapes. The area under grain crops has been sharply reduced.
Extensive alpine pastures enhance the productivity of animal husbandry, whose main branches are the raising of beef and milk cattle and sheep. Pig and poultry raising, as well as sericulture and apiculture, play subsidiary roles.
Industry
Mechanical engineering, machine tools and electrical power machinery, electronics, and the chemical and mining industries hold a prominent place in Armenia’s heavy industry, but light and food industries are also fairly well advanced. Yerevan, Gyumri, and Vanadzor are machine-building cities. The centres of the chemical industries are Yerevan, Vanadzor, and Alaverdi.
Nonferrous metallurgy—in Alaverdi in the northern Highland and in Kapan and Kajaran along the southern Zangezur (Siuniq) mountains—includes the mining and dressing of copper, molybdenum, and other ores, the smelting of copper, and the extraction of precious and rare metals.
The food industry processes farm products, which meet domestic demand and are exported. The most advanced branches are involved in the primary processing of grapes and production of high-quality brandy, wines, canned fruits, and vegetables for export.
Light industry—a modern innovation—specializes in the production of woolen, silk, and cotton fabrics; knitted goods and clothes; carpets; and footwear.
Yerevan is the main industrial centre, accounting for nearly three-fifths of the total industrial output of Armenia. Other industrial centres and regions are developing, notably in the north, where Gyumri and Vanadzor are now major industrial centres.
Energy
At the initial stage of industrialization, the creation of a power base utilizing the hydraulic potential of mountain streams was of decisive importance. Production of electricity was combined with the building of irrigation works and water-supply systems for industries and cities. The Sevan-Hrazdan series of hydroelectric power stations was a first-priority project that used not only the waters of the Hrazdan but also those of Lake Sevan. This project made possible the electrification of agriculture and helped to build numerous industries. In the 1960s and ’70s emphasis shifted to thermal electric power stations burning fossil fuels and to nuclear energy. Armenia’s sole nuclear power station, near Yerevan, was shut down following the 1988 earthquake, but after Azerbaijan closed its gas pipeline to Armenia—causing a severe energy shortage—Armenia reopened the plant in 1995.
Transportation
The mountainous terrain is a serious impediment to the construction of land transport routes of any kind, although distances between towns and regions are not great. A railway line, leading to Tʿbilisi in the north and Baku in the east, runs through the northern, western, and southern regions of Armenia, but the rail link to Baku was closed in 1989. Yerevan is linked with the Sevan Basin by a line running along the Hrazdan River. Clustered along the rail routes are major industrial centres.
The network of roads is much denser, with Yerevan as the main hub. Road transport carries more freight than the railways; buses remain the chief mode of travel between towns and villages.
Air routes link Yerevan with Moscow and many Russian cities and with international cities including Athens, Paris, and Tehrān. Aircraft carry fresh fruits and grapes to Moscow, St. Petersburg, and elsewhere. Pipelines link Armenia with the Azerbaijani and Georgian gas fields, though the Azerbaijani pipeline was closed in 1989, and the Georgian pipeline has been subject to periodic disruption.
Trade
Armenia has a negative trade balance, importing more than it exports. It exports chemicals, nonferrous metals, machines, precision instruments, textiles and clothing, wine, brandy, and foodstuffs. Its major imports, in addition to coal and petroleum products, include ferrous metals, wood and paper products, grain, meat, milk, butter, and consumer goods. Armenia’s major import source and export destination is Russia; other trading partners include China, Georgia, Germany, and Iran. | ||||
6007 | dbpedia | 1 | 57 | https://www.geopoliticalmonitor.com/is-russias-demographic-decline-irreversible/ | en | Is Russia’s Demographic Decline Irreversible? | [
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] | 2022-05-24T01:42:44+00:00 | A fast-declining population has the potential to compromise Russia’s ambitious revisionist plans and perhaps even its own survival as a national state. | en | Geopolitical Monitor | https://www.geopoliticalmonitor.com/is-russias-demographic-decline-irreversible/ | In today’s global strategic environment, Russia is one of the international system’s major players along with the US and China. Its national power encompasses formidable military, intelligence, and technological capabilities, as well as the world’s largest nuclear arsenal and an assertive diplomatic projection that relies on asymmetric equalizers and force multipliers. Likewise, the Kremlin has also mastered the esoteric art of hybrid warfare. Plus, it contains vast deposits of natural resources, including fossil fuels like oil and natural gas, metallic minerals, uranium, gemstones, fresh water, and timber, amongst others. Moreover, although its ultimate outcome is still unclear at this point, the Russian invasion of Ukraine shows that Moscow is willing to use military might in order to restore its status as a major force to be reckoned with. However, the country’s long-term demographic prospects look rather gloomy, an issue that represents a critical Achilles’ heel. If this phenomenon is not dealt with, Russia’s fate might be sealed in an unfavorable way. Needless to say, a declining population can potentially compromise Russia’s ambitious revisionist plans and perhaps even its own survival as a national state.
Although Russia is the world’s ninth most populated nation (with 145 million people), its population density is dismal. With only 22 inhabitants per square mile, Russia is below much smaller countries like New Zealand (45) and Belize (43). This contrast is even more baffling considering that the Russian Federation covers more than 6.6 million square miles, which makes it the world’s largest country. On the other hand, the Russian population is not evenly distributed. Nearly three fourths of it are located in European Russia, the area west of the Urals that constitutes the Eurasian behemoth’s heartland. In turn, despite its huge extension, the Siberian hinterland is sparsely populated and only contains some regional nerve centers, such as Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Vladivostok. Based on this disproportion, some geopolitical thinkers ‒ including Zbigniew Brzezinski ‒ have argued that Russia could eventually end up losing its easternmost territories as a result of foreign predation, balkanization, or the gradual transformation of these areas’ demographic profile due to immigration from nearby Asian countries.
Furthermore, the Russian fertility rate fell below replacement levels after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the downward trend was not reverted until the early 2000s. In 2021, there were 1.823 births per woman, a noteworthy improvement in comparison to the figures seen in the 90s (the lowest point was observed in 1998 when it plunged to 1.247). However, the replacement rate (2.1 births per woman in average) has not been reached yet. In the long run, this decline can be explained as a result of the combination of difficult circumstances that have discouraged births and increased mortality, including several conflicts, prolonged economic hardship, widespread pessimism, financial volatility, currency depreciation, deindustrialization, mismanagement, political turmoil, alcoholism, and drug abuse, amongst others.
Many of these problems were common in the last decade of the 20th century, an era of constant chaos that can be regarded as the period of ‘Weimar Russia.’ After Vladimir Putin and his Siloviki clan took over, there has been an attempt to solve complicated societal issues but, so far, there is only a partial degree of success. In this regard, the Kremlin has explicitly stated that addressing the ongoing Russian demographic crisis is an urgent priority. After all, since Russia is hard to defend due to its vulnerable geopolitical exposure in the very core of Eurasia, depopulation would deepen the weakness of its position and perhaps even embolden potential invaders to strike. In the last couple of decades, some progress has been made thanks to favorable externalities (like high oil prices), the growing strength of the control held by state as an anchor of stability, the restoration of national morale, and the intervention of skillful technocrats. Nevertheless, in other areas and there are no effective solutions in sight. Plus, it remains to be seen if the Ukraine War will entail a high number of military casualties and if the impact of Western economic and financial sanctions brings a severe demographic downturn.
Accordingly, certain geopolitical analysts, think tanks, leaders, and policymakers contend that the long-term deterioration of Russia’s demographic shortcomings will lead to either its fragmentation or downfall as a functional national state, permanently undercutting Russia’s status as a great power. After all, without a sustainable and abundant manpower, it would be tremendously challenging to hold the country together, foster a dynamic consumer market, revive industrial productiveness, retain strong military capabilities, and preserve the continuous existence of Russian culture, identity, and language. Moreover, a rapidly ageing population is a sure recipe for economic disaster. Younger generations will have to carry the growing burden of having to pay the pensions and social security services of their elders. In turn, that distortion will diminish the availability of funds for savings, investments, credit for business projects that generate wealth, and the budgets used by the state to cover defense expenditures, and services such as education and healthcare.
In short, a demographic contraction entails detrimental consequences for national power. In fact, according to Hans Morgenthau, “no country can remain or become a first-rate power which does not belong to the most populous nations of the earth.” Indeed, historical experience demonstrates that large populations are a necessary ingredient to run flourishing empires. To a certain extent, such axiom is still valid nowadays. One of the common denominators shared by both great powers (like the US and China) and emerging powers (such as India, Brazil, Turkey) is a large population. Nevertheless, the connection between an abundant demographic volume and a dominant position is not so straightforward. Nobody believes that Indonesia, Nigeria, or Pakistan can achieve global hegemony in the 21st century only because they are highly populated states. On the other hand, nations with small populations (including Israel, Cuba, or Switzerland) can compensate their limited demographic size with other elements of national power in order to develop an assertive attitude and punch far above their weight. Moreover, fertility rates in advanced countries like Germany (1.602), Japan (1.368), and South Korea (1.082) are way lower than in Russia, but their demise is not necessarily seen as imminent.
Hence, it is debatable if Russia truly has its days numbered as a great power due to an inevitable demographic twilight. Yet, such possibility represents a feasible scenario so Moscow cannot afford to ignore it just because it sounds unpleasant, especially since the phenomenon could jeopardize the very survival of the Russian state by increasing the chances of external aggression and/or an implosion. Therefore, it is pertinent to examine if and how the Eurasian heavyweight could counter, diminish or ‒ at the very least ‒ manage the problems associated with its shrinking population. In fact, as shown below, a closer analysis reveals that there are complementary strategic courses of action that Moscow is already following, but all of them entail meaningful challenges, risks, and difficulties. Since there is no abundance of cards the Kremlin can play with, upping the ante and aiming higher is likely the only way forward. Backing down would be the equivalent of conceding defeat.
Encouragement of Higher Birth Rates
The most direct intervention involves the encouragement of higher birth rates amongst the Russian population. This can be done through ideological elements and by offering material incentives. The former has to do with the revival of ‘family values’ through the mobilization of organized religion as an instrument of societal influence. Indeed, just like most other Abrahamic religions (including many branches of Christianity), the Russian Orthodox church strongly endorses traditional perceptions about gender roles, marriage, motherhood, childrearing, parenting, social mores, faith as an element that provides a sense of meaningfulness, and the place of an individual as a member of a community of fellow believers. Unsurprisingly, such teachings favor the development of conservative identities, worldviews, and lifestyles. Likewise, Islam ‒ one of the most important religious faiths in Russia ‒ emphasizes similar values.
Concerning its demographic implications, this doctrinal framework promotes the growth of fertility rates. Indeed, highly religious groups like Haredi Jews, Evangelical Christians, or pious Muslims tend to have large families. This is one of the reasons why the ruling Siloviki clan has courted the Russian Orthodox church as an ideological and political ally. Even President Putin has explicitly presented himself in public as a devout believer. Through said partnership, Russia has sought to position itself as a neo-Byzantine civilizational bulwark of Orthodox Christendom ‒ the country’s hegemonic religious denomination ‒ that openly rejects classical Western liberalism, a school of thought whose tenets include individual liberty, secularism, cosmopolitanism, the legitimacy of self-gratification, and a strong distrust in structures like religion, families, and the state. Besides, some of the leaders and clerics of religious minorities present in Russia have been co-opted as well, which is understandable considering that, although Russia is mainly a Slavic nation, it has also operated as a multi-ethnic empire for centuries.
At a first glance, this path might seem counterintuitive in a country in which Marxism ‒ which prescribes the enforcement of militant atheism ‒ was the state’s official ideology for more than seven decades. It also sounds rather old-fashioned from the perspective of Western observers, but one must keep in mind that it would hardly be the first time that religion is used as a tool of statecraft. Paraphrasing Cardinal Richelieu, the state ‒ unlike the eternal souls of humans ‒ has no immortality so its ‘salvation’ requires the timely and crafty use of worldly methods. Plus, it would be consistent with the contemporary return of religion as major political force in places like Turkey, Israel, Poland, Iran, Brazil, and even the US. However, even though the Orthodox Church is a relevant wielder of influence in Russian society, this path has its limits. In fact, the overwhelming majority of Russian citizens are nominally classified as Orthodox Christians, but nearly half (44%) of those under the age of 25 do not regard themselves as religious. In other words, this approach might not suffice to convince the younger generations to have more kids.
The second option comprises policies that provide incentives that support bigger families. In fact, in order to foster “maternity capital,” the Russian government has ‒ not unlike other European states facing similar demographic issues ‒ implemented pro-natalist measures like the distribution of welfare benefits, tax breaks, and free meals for schoolchildren. The idea is that these economic rewards can make it easier for low-income couples to have children. Yet, it is doubtful if handouts are powerful enough to offset structural phenomena which diminish the willingness of people to reproduce, including technological change, urbanization, modernity, the availability of contraceptives and increasingly demanding professional environments. Another possibility would be to redesign educational contents (especially for young children and teenagers) so that students embrace the idea of having kids as something desirable, but even if such plan is moderately successful, the transformation of cultural mindsets and attitudes of a whole nation takes generations and Russia could be running out of time in the near future.
Regional Hegemony in the post-Soviet Space
Much has been written about Moscow’s relentless campaign to regain its previous position as the regional hegemon in the post-Soviet space, an interest whose rationale responds to geopolitics, national security, and grand strategy. However, this attempt to recover the sphere of influence once held by both the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union is also motivated by the fact that several countries in the so-called ‘near abroad’ contain sizeable populations of ethnic Russians, Russian speakers, and other communities that share certain common denominators with Russians in terms of history, religion, or sociocultural profiles. To a certain extent, that is what the concept of the so-called ‘Russian world’ evokes. In other words, Russia’s immediate periphery represents a vast reservoir of people, the resource it lacks most.
The desire to harvest this external demographic bonus is one of the key reasons that explains the Kremlin’s strong interest and active involvement in Ukraine, the Crimean Peninsula, the Donbass, Belarus, the Caucasus, Transnistria, Central Asia, and the Baltics. For instance, although Ukraine also has a declining population ‒ a phenomenon accelerated by the large exodus triggered by the ongoing war ‒ the country might still offer a substantial demographic bonus worth absorbing. Plus, the efforts undertaken by Moscow to foster reintegration ‒ reflected in the creation of frameworks like the Eurasian Economic Union or the Collective Security Treaty Organization and projects such as unification with Belarus ‒ under Russian leadership are stepping stones towards the goal of compensating Russia’s demographic decline. Ideologically, this course of action responds to what the doctrine of Eurasianism holds about the condition of Russia as the spiritual imperial successor of both Byzantines and Mongols. Moreover, the delivery of Russian passports in some of these areas and the creation of facts on the ground ‒ like annexations or outright military interventions ‒ have been explicitly justified as an expression of the role of Russian Federation as the ultimate defender of ethnic Russians, even if they were born and raised in neighboring countries.
Nevertheless, this pursuit is complex and challenging. For instance, there are diverging attitudes. The populations of Belarus, Eastern Ukraine ‒ often referred to as ‘Novorossiya’ ‒ Armenia, Kazakhstan, Abkhazia, South Ossetia harbor Russophile sentiments, but other groups (Western Ukrainians, Georgians and the non-Slavic peoples of the Baltics) are deeply reluctant to find themselves again under Russian suzerainty. On the other hand, the Azeris, Uzbeks, and Turkmens have embraced an orientation of strict strategic neutrality, but they are fiercely protective of their independence and identity. Places like Transnistria are not even contiguous to Russian territory, so their eventual absorption seems unlikely, at least for the time being. Thus, in order to enhance the attractiveness of its gravitational pull, Moscow can resort to the generation of shared economic incentives, the Russification of non-Slavic populations so that they feel like they belong to a ‘Greater Russia,’ and the acceptance of immigrants willing to assimilate.
The achievement of regional hegemony in the post-Soviet space is the cornerstone of contemporary Russian grand strategy and the realization of this ambition would be a major geopolitical accomplishment that could bring demographic benefits. Yet, as Machiavelli observed, in the sphere of high politics, nothing of importance can be attained without exposure to a substantial amount of danger. In this respect, the risks associated with this project include the foreseeable intensification of geopolitical rivalries with NATO in multiple fronts, toxic fallout derived from the Ukraine War, the prospect of awakening local frozen conflicts, more ‘color revolutions,’ tensions with regional powers such as Turkey and Iran, centrifugal forces ‒ like separatist militias or jihadist insurgencies ‒ and the counterproductive effects of using too much hard power. Hence, Moscow needs to chart its course carefully. The plan can be derailed as a result of miscalculation or hostile intervention. Under these circumstances, resorting to sheer military coercion on a large-scale could backfire, since it would portray Moscow as an illegitimate and heavy-handed imperial conqueror and also because a high number of casualties in a war could make Russia bleed badly, accelerating further the very process that the Russians are desperately trying to avoid.
The Quest for Lebensraum in the Arctic
Far from being neutral, climate change is a phenomenon that entails political implications, especially in a zero-sum system in which relative gains are the rule rather than the exception. Therefore, even if it will unleash a negative impact for several countries, it could also represent a beneficial externality for others. It must be noted that, since geography shapes the behavior of states in international politics, a tectonic environmental transformation will likely act as a geopolitical game-changer regarding the realities associated with the strategic control of physical space and the global balance of power.
In this case, Russia is well positioned to harness the advantages derived from increasing temperatures in the Arctic. The proximity of the Siberian coastline to the North Pole, the availability of gateways ‒ like the ports of Murmansk, Arkhangelsk and Vladivostok ‒ its unparalleled fleet of nuclear icebreakers and its scientific expeditionary expertise give Moscow a leading edge in the race for the conquest of the world’s northernmost corner. Melting ice sheets would eventually provide a window of opportunity to tap the vast deposits of natural resources found there (fossil fuels, metallic minerals, fresh water and fisheries) in the coming decades, as well as to pursue an imperial ambition that has remained unsatisfied since the time of the Czars: acquiring access to warm water ports in order to develop the ability to turn Russia into a world-class maritime power. The Russian Federation would finally have the unrestricted chance to engage in international trade and to dominate ‒ militarily and geoeconomically ‒ the Arctic Ocean. The materialization of this scenario could render Siberia inhabitable for the very first time in modern history as deep tundra recedes. Its economic revitalization could generate incentives to attract settlers from other parts of Russia in search for better opportunities and willing to start new lives there in communities of frontiersmen and pioneers. Therefore, the expectation is that the resulting bonanza could act as a catalyst of demographic growth.
Accordingly, this “cryo-political” quest for Lebensraum in the Arctic holds a promising potential to boost the overall vital strength of the Russian state as a living organism. Moreover, in this undertaking time is on Moscow’s side. Plus, Beijing’s plans to create a ‘Polar Silk Road’ as a geoeconomic corridor that connects Asia with Europe through shipping lanes across the Arctic can also be helpful for Moscow’s interests since they contemplate the upgrade of existing infrastructure, the creation of new transportation channels, the flow of investments and trade, the extraction of raw materials, and the generation of lots of profitable business opportunities.
Nonetheless, the future is not written in stone. The Kremlin is going to need assertiveness, a close coordination with Beijing to forge a win-win framework, a meticulous formulation of sound policies that align available means with the intended outcomes, and a great deal of resources to make it happen. Otherwise, the opportunity will be missed. However, there is an important catch that cannot be overlooked. Considering the far-reaching significance of what is at stake, other circumpolar states ‒including the US, Canada and Scandinavian countries ‒ will try to curtail Russian ambitions there in order to advance their own geopolitical agendas in the far North. Keep in mind that, as a by-product of the Ukraine War, both Finland and Sweden will likely join NATO. Accordingly, these clashing interests will fuel an intense strategic competition between the Eurasian powers and the West, opening yet another front in the new Cold War. In short, this road can be simultaneously rewarding and hazardous.
Upgrade of Technological Capabilities
Per se, technological progress does not have the power to stop a demographic crisis, but innovations like the automation of systematized industrial processes, advanced robotics, and artificial intelligence can perform tasks traditionally undertaken by human operators in business activities and battlefields. Others like quantum computing and nanotechnology can exponentially enhance the ability to deliver outcomes of high added value with fewer resources. Hence, it represents an asset that can compensate shortages of labor and soldiers. Moreover, even if the overall availability of manpower decreases, the quality, competitiveness, and comparative advantages of specialized human capital can still be fostered in high-tech professional environments. Hence, cutting-edge technologies can diminish the detrimental effects of depopulation on national power and economic productiveness.
Since the early 20th century, the Russians have certainly been aware of the growing strategic significance of technology. Under Stalin’s draconian rule, the Soviet Union carried out an ambitious plan of accelerated industrialization as a priority for closing gaps which could compromise national security. Unsurprisingly, nowadays the Russian Federation has the globe’s fourth largest number of STEM graduates. Nonetheless, regarding technological capabilities, Russia is in a paradoxical situation. It has a military-industrial complex that manufactures state-of-the-art weaponry and it is one of the leading powers in the field of aerospace. Nonetheless, such advantages rarely transcend the domain of defense, national security, and intelligence. In contrast, the civilian and commercial sectors of the Russian economy are badly outdated, underfunded and underdeveloped. Notably, Russia has established research and development sites ‒such as Zelenograd and the Skolkovo Innovation Centre‒ whose projects would be useful to generate advanced technological inventions that can harness the market potential of the so-called “Fourth Industrial Revolution.” Hence, these clusters can support the diversification of the structural profile of the Russian economy, which is still highly reliant on the exports of commodities as a source of hard currency.
Furthermore, a demographic benefit of reindustrialization is that, since it increases wealth and development, the process can bring favorable conditions that encourage people to have kids based on the assumption that prosperity can provide a bright future and rewarding opportunities for their offspring. Nonetheless, lack of credit, the imposition of economic sanctions (like the restrictions of Western exports of high-tech items to Russia), financial instability, deficient internal economic interconnectedness, and a limited access to international trade as a result of Russia’s condition as a de facto landlocked country represent powerful obstacles that cannot be easily overcome. Thus, the pursuit of this course of action would require a much greater effort. Otherwise, stagnancy will not trigger the industrial boost that is needed to counter the pernicious ramifications of a sharp demographic downturn. As the race for global technological superiority intensifies, the accomplishment of this imperative becomes even more pressing.
Concluding Remarks
Russia’s demographic crisis represents a problem that could unravel its position as a great power in a foreseeable future. The clock is ticking and if this structural weakness is not effectively addressed soon, it is a matter of time before a point of no return is reached. However, it is premature to assume that Russia is already doomed no matter what. Population is certainly important and inertia could very well lead to the demise of Russia as a functional national state, but the course of history is determined by a myriad of factors.
Since inaction is not an option, several strategies are being implemented to prevent such catastrophe or ‒ at the very least ‒ diminish its most corrosive consequences, but none of them can be seen as a silver bullet. Therefore, even if approaching these challenges is an uphill battle, Moscow has no choice but to double down and muster every resource, capability, and instrument at its disposal in order to avert the threatening prospect of depopulation and come up with countermeasures. The testament of history dictates that, when the very survival of a nation is at stake ‒ particularly if that nation happens to be a major power ‒ there is a determined resolve to act aggressively in an attempt to reach a more secure destination.
Regardless of whether the Russian gamble is successful or not ‒ it could lead to either disastrous ruin or enhanced safety ‒ the shockwaves of the aftermath will resonate for decades to come. Since this is a literally a matter of life and death, all bets are off.
*This article was originally published on May 2, 2022.
The views expressed in this article belong to the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect those of Geopoliticalmonitor.com | |||||
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"ermen... | null | [] | null | Istanbul, which was built between the years 325-330, has always been an important center for the Armenians because it was the capital of the Eastern ... | en | https://turksandarmenians.marmara.edu.tr/wp-content/themes/turksandarmenians/favicon/favicon.ico | Turks and Armenians - Turkish-Armenian Relations Throughout History | A Project by Marmara University | https://turksandarmenians.marmara.edu.tr/en/the-settlement-of-armenians-in-the-ottoman-period/ | Istanbul, which was built between the years 325-330, has always been an important center for the Armenians because it was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. When the Armenian Catholicos of the period, i.e. the head bishop Surp Sahag, who came to Istanbul to obtain ratification from the Empire at the beginning of the years of the Eastern Roman Empire, together with Surp Mesrob and his students, they stayed at the Agomidian Monastery. The group studied theology and philosophy in the capital, they succeeded in their purpose for coming to the city, and they managed to develop an alphabet that was suitable for the sound system of the Armenian in the years 404-405. That is, the Armenian alpahabet that is also used today was developed in Istanbul and it was taken to Armenia from there (Grousset, 2005, s.166-169)
Since the geography in which the Armenians lived was between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Sasani Empire, the Armenians were affected the most by the wars and conflicts between the two states. Especially in the fifth century a large Armenian population, most important of which were the aristocrats, moved to Istanbul during the long war that was aged between the Armenians and Sassanians in the fifth century (Grousset, 2005, p. 185 ?vd.). The Eastern Roman Empire welcomed these new immigrants in a nice manner because the existence of Goths and Jews in the army had been ended and there was an attempt to fill the void that was left with the Armenians (Mango, 2008, s. 33). The migrations that continued in the fifth and sixth centuries reached such a stage that by the year 572, it was possible to speak of a crowded and organized Armenian community in Istanbul (Pamukciyan, 2002, p.1).
According to what Assyrian Mikhael wrote in his Vekayiname, the Armenians, who were able to organize as a separate community in Istanbul, had a church named Armenion within the city. This church was administered by the notable Armenian civilians of the city and they were headed by a priest. However, Emperor Alxios I (1081-1118), who got angry because the Armenians collaborated with the Turks, who were attacking the imperial territories, had this church destroyed and had all of the sacred properties of the Armenians burned in the squares of the city (Assyrian Mikhael). After this date, the Armenians could not have a church in Istanbul again when it was under Byzantine rule. However, they were able to establish a church and episcopate in Galata, which was under the Genoese rule (Tuğlacı, 1984, p.194).
When Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror conquered Istanbul, the city, which had not erased the traces of the Latin invasion period, had turned into ruins completely under the seige. The population of Istanbul is estimated to be between thirty thousand and fifty thousand when the Ottomans conquered it. Sultan Mehmed, who was determined to return the city to its former majesty, started a big movement for building development. New shopping centers were built in the city center and the city walls were fortified (İnalcık, 54). In addition, Subashi (Municipal official) Suleiman Bey was appointed to increase the population of the city and families were brought to the city from Anatolia – at first on a voluntary basis and then in compulsory manner- and there were also Armenians among those who came to the city (Aşıkpaşazade, 157).
Thanks to this, it became possible to create an Armenian community in Istanbul in a short amount of time. There were Armenians also among those families who were brought to the city by force. Nerses, who was an Armenian merchant from Amasya, accused Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror in his poem that he wrote in 1480 of starting storms among people by dragging his people and the Christians from place to place and he stated that he was brought to Istanbul against his will (Mansel, 15). The population of Istanbul in 1478 reached 14,803 households including the ones who came voluntarily and those who were brought by force, and 817 of those households were Armenian (İnalcık, 54). Since a large movement for building development was experienced in Istanbul in the Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror period, having mostly architects, foremen, and workers among those who were broght to the city was emphasized. While those who were tradesmen, merchants, and professionals among those who came to the city were settled in the city, others were settled in the villages around the city and artists, carpenters, ship builders, architects, and foremen were directly commissioned to work for the Sultan (İnalcık, 2000, p. 54; Karaca, 2008, p. 28).
The first big convoy of Armenians who were brought to the city by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror were the Armenians of Bursa, who came to the city under the leadership of the Bursa head bishop in 1461. So the Armenian Episcopate, which had been in Bursa since the time of Orhan Gazi, moved to Istanbul as well. This was so important that many researchers, among whom Chamchiyan was a pioneer, deemed this migration in 1461 as the establishment of the Istanbul Armenian Patriarchate (Çamiçyan, 1776, s. 500). Among the first Armenians who came to the city were clerics, artists, architects, tradesmen, merchants, farmers, and workers. These people were mainly settled in houses and rooms in the following neighborhoods: Samatya, Kumkapı, Narlıkapı, Beyoğlu, Gedikpaşa, and Galata. Since the Armenians were mainly settled in six neighborhoods when they were first brought to Istanbul, they were called the “Six Communities” in the city until the middle of the 1800s. This expression was used not only among the people, but also in the official documents (Tuğlacı, 1984, s. 5; Pamukciyan, 2002, s. 4).
The second large-scale collective migration of the Armenians into the city during the Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror period took place in 1475 after the conquest of Crimea. The Genoese who were brought from Kaffa and who were mostly working in trade and the Armenians were settled mostly in two neighborhoods: Galata and Karagumruk. Therefore, the already high Armenian population in Galata increased and the Armenians were able to have a neighborhood for themselves apart from the mixed neighborhoods. The Galata Armenians, who constituted the wealthiest and most cultured group, also used Turkish names of Tatar origin such as Orhan, Tanrıvermish, Eyne Bey, Shadi Bey, Shirin Hatun and Melek Hatun, in addition to Armenian names, because they were from Crimea originally (Kuban, 2004, s. 217).
The second neighborhood in which the Armenians from Kaffa were settled was Karagumruk. The neighborhood started to be called “Kaffali” (i.e. from Kaffa) because mostly the Genoese and Armenians who were brought from Kaffa were settled here and it still has this name today. The two abandoned Greek churches in the area were given to be controlled by the Dominican priests who came from Kaffa. The first of these churches was named Santa Maria (Odalar Masjid) and the second one was named Saint Nicola (Kaffali Mosque). Therefore, all the church records were kept in Latin and Armenian and these books are preserved at the Saint Paul Dominican Church archives in Galata today. Later on, the right to use Saint Nicola was taken from the Armenians and the community was allocated an abandoned Greek church in Balat instead. This church is currently used by the Armenian community under the name Surp Hreshdagabed (Frazee, 16; İncicyan, 38).
The neighborhood in which the Armenian population in the city was most dense was Samatya. Most of the Armenians who were brought to the city in 1461 were brought here, and after 1470 and the conquest of Karaman, the Armenians in Anatolia were brought to Istanbul, and settled in this neighborhood. Therefore, the Armenian population in this neighborhood is generally from Anatolia. Until 1478, the Armenian population in Konya, Karaman, Aksaray, and Eregli continued to be brought to Istanbul and settled in Samatya. In addition, the Peribletoptos Monastery in Samatya, which was one of the most magnificent and sacred places of worship in the city, was allocated for the use of the Armenians and this sanctuary was the venue for the Istanbul Armenian Patriarchate until 1641. As a matter of fact, this sanctuary is still being used by the Armenian community under the name Surp Kevork (Kuban, 2004, s. 188; Eremya Çelebi, 3).
The forced relocation of the Armenians to Istanbul continued also during the reigns of the sultans that came to power after Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. During the Iran campaign of Sultan Yavuz Selim in 1514, many Armenian families around Tabriz, Erzurum, Kemah, Muş, Sivas, and Erzincan were forced to relocate to Istanbul. In addition, many Armenian families around Ankara, Sivas, Tokat, Bayburt, and Adana were also forced to relocate to Istanbul in the same period and they were settled in various neighborhoods. Sultan Yavuz Selim had 200 Armenian trademen families brought from Tabriz to Istanbul during the Iran campaigns and he had 500 Armenian tradesmen families from Cairo brought to Istanbul and he used them in various services (İnalcık, 200, p. 67).
Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent also had Armenians brought to Istanbul in the campaigns he organized in the east and he had them settled. However, the most notable ones of the Armeinan families who were brought during the reign of the Sultan Suleiman were the goldsmiths who were brought from Eghin. These Armenian aristocrats, who traced their lienage to the Vaspuragan Armenian Kingdom because they were from Eghin and who considered themselves a remnant of that kingdom, were settled in Haskoy. These people, who took over the administration of the Armenian community in Istanbul in a short amount of time and who raised to the position of the civilan leaders of the community, maintained the administration of the community in their hands until the middle of the 1800s because they established close relations with the Ottoman palace. During the reign of Sultan Murad III many artists, farmers, workers, foremen, and architects of Armeinan origin were brought to Istanbul from Tabriz, Georgia, and Nakhchivan and they were employed by the palace and they worked in the building development activities in Istanbul (İnalcık, 2000, s. 69; Pamukciyan, 5).
The rise of the Armenian population in the city rapidly and its reaching a high number took place as a result of the Jalali rebellions, which occurred at the beginning of the seventeenth century. The rebellious movements, which took place between the years 1596-1610, started a migration movement, which was named as “The Big Escape” in Anatolia. Peoples came from not only Anatolia, but also from the different corners of the empire such as Thrace, Crimea, and Syria and there were also Armenian families among those who fled. Especially the Armenians in the Caucasus fled to Istanbul in large convoys. The Ottoman administration did not want to accept them at first, but they had to accept them after the eruption of the rebellion movements in 1612. According to what was recorded by the Simeon of Poland in his Travel Book, while there was a small Armenian population in Istanbul before, this population reached forty thousand households with those who fled the Jalali rebellions (İnalcık, 2000, s. 69; Pamukciyan, 5).
The Armenians were generally settled in the neighborhoods around the city gates. For example, Armenian gypsies called Posha used to live in Topkapi. Most of these Poshas, who generally made a living as sieve masters, converted to Islam during the reign of Ahmed III and the rest assimilated within the Armenian people (Kömürcüyan, 23). Another neighborhood in which the Armenians had a population density was Yenikapi. Before the Imperial Edict of Gulhane, the size, architectural plans and exterior fronts of the houses of non-Muslims were subject to certain rules and restrictions. Nevertheless, the neighborhood in which the Armenians were most free was Yenikapi, because this area used to be a bay before and there used to be a marble tower which was left from the Byzantine period in the middle of the sea. The stones and rubbles that emerged during the construction of the Laleli Mosque were poured into the sea, this bay was filled and this new area that was gained was sold to the non-Muslims. Generally Armenians lived here together with a small number of Greeks (İncicyan, 1976, p. 4 vd.)
When we look outside the city walls, the Armenians generally had a population density in the Haskoy, Kasimpasha, Beyoglu, and Galata neighborhoods. In addition, the neighborhood in which they lived generally indicated the profession in which they worked. For example, Haskoy Armenians were generally goldsmiths, Beyoglu Armenians were millers or bakers, Galata Armenians were merhcants, and Kasimpasha Armenians were mostly dock workers or sailors. Furthermore, especially wealthy Armenians started to live in the villages at the Bosphorus as summer houses and places of entertainment starting in the eighteenth century. On the other side of the Bosphorus, there was generally a dense population of Armenians in the neighborhoods of Beykoz and Uskudar. Especially Uskudar was an important center in which a close-knit community life was lived together with deep-rooted institutions such as churches, monasteries, schools, and clerical schools, which had continued their existence since the sixteenth century (Dadyan, 71 vd.).
After the Big Beyoglu Fire in 1870, the Armenians who had lived around Beyoglu and Galata started to spread mostly to the Pangalti and Kurtuluş areas and this is one of the neighborhoods in which the community is mostly concentrated today. Today the Armenian community in Istanbul is estimated to be between fifty thousand and sixty thousand, and most of this population lives in neighborhoods that are linked with the counties of Şişli, Bakirkoy, Kadikoy, and Adalar (Prince Islands). | ||||
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] | null | [] | null | en | /favicon.ico | null | Armenia is an Asian country located in the Eurasia Region on the Armenian Highlands. To give you an idea of where this is, picture Russia on a map. Armenia is located to the southwest, with the Black Sea on one side and the Caspian Sea on the other. As one of the former Soviet republics, Armenia is the smallest of them all.
GPS Coordinates
Armenia is located at a latitude of 40.0691° N and a longitude of 45.0382° E.
Levels of Elevation in Armenia
At its highest point, Armenia reaches an altitude of 13,419 feet above sea level. Located atop Mount Aragats, the highest point is found on a volcano. In the opposite direction, Armenia’s lowest point is 1,312 feet above sea level. This point is located along the Debed River in along the northern parts of Armenia.
Most Extreme Points
In the north, Armenia shares borders with Georgia. The northernmost part of Armenia is the province of Tavush, with GPS coordinates of 41°17′ N and 45°0′ E. In the east, Armenia shares borders with two different areas: Azerbaijan and the Republic of Artsakh. The easternmost point of Armenia is located in the province of Syunik with coordinates of 39°13′ N and 46°37′ E. In the south lie Nakhchivan and Iran. The most extreme point in southern Armenia is also located in the Syunik province at a latitude of 38°49′ N and 46°10′ E. In the west, Armenia shares borders with Turkey, with the most extreme point situated in the Shirak province at a latitude of 41°5′ N and longitude of 43°27′ E.
Total Area and Population Density of Armenia
The total area of Armenia is 11,484 square feet, which marks Armenia as the 138th largest country based on total area alone. Armenia is a landlocked state, but there are areas of water within the boundaries of the country. Of its total area, Armenia is made up of 594.6 square miles of water. The remaining 10,889.4 square miles are land areas. In terms of percentages, Armenia is 94.9% land and 5.1% water.
The Republic of Armenia has a population of 2,935,242 people. Taking total area and population into consideration, we are able to calculate the population density of Armenia. By dividing the population by the total area, the outcome is a population density of approximately 255.59, which is rounded to 256. This means that there are just about 256 people per square mile in Armenia. Based on population, Armenia is the 134th most populated country in the world, and in terms of density, it is the 99th most dense country. | ||||
6007 | dbpedia | 1 | 41 | https://www.countryflags.com/flag-of-armenia/ | en | Flag of Armenia image and meaning Armenian flag | [
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] | null | [] | 2020-11-23T18:06:41+00:00 | Armenian flag colors, history and symbolism of the national flag of Armenia. Download free images, wallpapers and icons of the Armenian flag. | en | Country flags | https://www.countryflags.com/flag-of-armenia/ | The Armenian flag is the flag of the country named Armenia. Armenia is located in continental Asia. Armenia has 4 neighbouring countries. The total length of land borders of Armenia is 779 mi/ 1 254 km. Armenia border neighbours and border lengths are: Azerbaijan: 787 km, Georgia: 164 km, Iran: 35 km, Turkey: 268 km.
3 045 191 people are living in Armenia, a country stretching over 11 484 sq mi/ 29 743 km² (5.18% water). The population density in Armenia is of 265 per sq mi/ 102 people per km². The official language of Armenia is Armenian. The capital city of Armenia is Eriwan. Armenia is a Unitary semi-presidential republic.
The currency in Armenia is the Armenian dram (AMD). UTC (standard time) in Armenia is UTC+04:00 and UTC+04:00 in summer. Armenia has the unique two-letter country code, AM (also Internet top-level domain), its three-letter country code is ARM, and its three-digit country code is 051. The calling code for Armenia is +374. | |||||
6007 | dbpedia | 2 | 80 | https://www.houshamadyan.org/introduction/houshamadyans-column.html | en | Houshamadyans column :: Houshamadyan - a project to reconstruct Ottoman Armenian town and village life | [
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] | null | [] | null | https://www.houshamadyan.org/favicon.ico | Houshamadyan | https://www.houshamadyan.org/introduction/houshamadyans-column.html | The First Stone - Palu -
From today we can say that Houshamadyan has been born, is working and is appearing.The first geographical region that we are dealing with in these pages is Palu, with its town and surrounding villages. Of course it is possible to ask why Palu? Why this choice? Our research on Palu has given us the opportunity for unforeseen, enjoyable and useful meetings. We are hopeful that many more meetings like this will happen during our travels. more...
To Marash
The journey that Houshamadyan began with Palu continues with Marash. We will present, under this general heading, the district (sandjak) of Marash during the Ottoman era. The Marash work area on the website – just like that of Palu – was the place where new acquaintances and new meetings were made. Such encounters make us truly enthusiastic. more...
The Harput plain
Houshamadyan, under this heading, will reflect on the Armenian places in the plain. Under the Ottoman administrative system, this area accords to the Harput sub-district (kaza) which is part of the province (vilayet) of Mamuretül-aziz.
This area, during the Ottoman era, has had a dense population of Armenians located in villages and towns. Its main towns are Harput and Mezire (Mamuretül-aziz) and, around them, tens of villages and small towns inhabited by Armenians. More...
Zeytun
There are locations that have come to represent something emblematic in a people’s collective memory. The location and the name stop merely denoting a place, a city, a village, and start representing historic moments, or symbolic images closely associated with a people’s history. The memory of such an historical place can survive 100 years or more even when the place no longer physically exists, or even when it is destroyed, and the people who used to live there have vanished. More...
Yozgat
The town of Yozgat and the villages in the surrounding area
Under the title of ‘Yozgat district’ (sandjak), Houshamadyan turns its attention to a relatively less well known geographical area in the general history of the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire. This sandjak does not form part of the area historically settled by Armenians in the Ottoman Armenian world. More...
Van
The Van region, or the historic Vasbouragan, is one of the most important cradles in Armenian civilization. There are many age-old traces of Armenian identity and culture in this geographical area. The Armenian entity is an important presence also during the Ottoman years in the city of Van and in the whole region. In other words, during this era, the Armenian stamp is also felt tremendously on the local culture, and on the economic, social, political and religious life. More...
Sis
In the annals of Armenian history, the city of Sis (present-day Kozan) is mostly remembered as the long-time capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Sis also served as the seat of the Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia. Sis, however, was also a predominately Armenian city, and information regarding the daily life of its residents and the local history can mostly be found in rare primary sources. More...
Dörtyol
Located on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, Dörtyol became an important center for orange production during the Ottoman period. The town’s Armenians played a major part in the quick growth of this agricultural sector. The Armenians of Dörtyol, who comprised a majority of the population, lived a flourishing life. An entire network of community institutions (churches and schools) was located here, and local Armenians were known for their prosperous standard of living. More... | ||||||
6007 | dbpedia | 3 | 23 | https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/colombia-population/ | en | Colombia Population (2024) | http://www.worldometers.info/img/worldometers-fb.jpg | http://www.worldometers.info/img/worldometers-fb.jpg | [
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] | null | [] | null | Population of Colombia: current, historical, and projected population, growth rate, immigration, median age, total fertility rate (TFR), population density, urbanization, urban population, country's share of world population, and global rank. Data tables, maps, charts, and live population clock | en | /favicon/favicon.ico | null | Yearly % Change: For 2023: percentage change in total population over the last year (from July 1, 2022 to June 30 2023). For all other years: latest year annual percentage change equivalent assuming homogeneous change in the preceding five year period, calculated through reverse compounding.
Yearly Change: For 2023: absolute change in total population (increase or decrease in number of people) over the last year (from July 1, 2022 to June 30 2023). For all other years: average annual numerical change over the preceding five year period.
Migrants (net): The average annual number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants over the preceding five year period (running from July 1 to June 30 of the initial and final years), or subsequent five year period (for 2016 data). A negative number means that there are more emigrants than immigrants.
Median Age: age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups: half of the people are older than the median age indicated and half are younger. This parameter provides an indication of age distribution.
Fertility Rate: (Total Fertility Rate, or TFR), it is expressed as children per woman. It is calculated as the average number of children an average woman will have during her reproductive period (15 to 49 years old) based on the current fertility rates of every age group in the country, and assuming she is not subject to mortality.
Density (P/Km²): (Population Density) Population per square Kilometer (Km²).
Urban Pop % : Urban population as a percentage of total population.
Urban Population: Population living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used by each country.
Country's Share of World Pop: Total population in the country as a percentage of total World Population as of July 1 of the year indicated.
World Population: Total World Population as of July 1 of the year indicated. | |||
6007 | dbpedia | 2 | 38 | https://merip.org/2013/06/becoming-armenian-in-lebanon/ | en | Becoming Armenian in Lebanon | [
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"Amanda Ufheil-Somers"
] | 2013-06-02T16:07:38+00:00 | Each year in April, the municipality of Burj Hammoud, a densely populated residential and commercial city just east of Beirut, hosts a three-day festival called Badguer, the Armenian word for “image.” Free and open to the public, the event has variously been staged in an old concrete factory, a blocked-off street and other sites. In 2012, Badguer was held at La Maison Rose, a newly opened cultural center for Armenian artists and craftsmen. Like the annual celebration, La Maison Rose is part of a local effort to promote “our living Armenian cultural patrimony.” | en | MERIP | https://merip.org/2013/06/becoming-armenian-in-lebanon/ | Each year in April, the municipality of Burj Hammoud, a densely populated residential and commercial city just east of Beirut, hosts a three-day festival called Badguer, the Armenian word for “image.” Free and open to the public, the event has variously been staged in an old concrete factory, a blocked-off street and other sites. In 2012, Badguer was held at La Maison Rose, a newly opened cultural center for Armenian artists and craftsmen. Like the annual celebration, La Maison Rose is part of a local effort to promote “our living Armenian cultural patrimony.”
Badguer featured Armenian folk musical performances and exhibitions of local arts and crafts, such as photography, metal arts and paintings. One day was devoted entirely to presentations of university projects completed by Armenian architecture students about problems in the Burj Hammoud area, such as pollution in the Beirut river or the housing crisis in Camp Sanjak, an informal residential district (originally a refugee camp for Armenians displaced from Iskenderun in 1939) that the Burj Hammoud city government intends to redevelop. Promotional flyers sold these presentations as addressing “our ancestry caught between the culture of origin and the challenges of the new country.” By framing development initiatives as part of a project of historic and cultural preservation and by presenting Lebanon as the “new country,” even though most everyone involved is at least second- or third-generation Lebanese-born, Badguer makes explicit what many Lebanese already believe about Burj Hammoud — that it is Beirut’s Armenian quarter.
For most Beirut dwellers, Burj Hammoud has the reputation of an insular enclave for working-class Armenians where little Arabic is spoken. The city is home to the headquarters of the main Armenian political party and is dense with Armenian schools, clinics and businesses. Many signs are written in Armenian script. Stereotypical portraits of Armenians who speak no Arabic and resist assimilating to life in Lebanon are widespread; some Lebanese believe this separation is the Armenians’ fault. As one very liberal NGO worker (who does not work with the Armenian population) declared: “We tried to assimilate them, but they do not want to be Lebanese. They want to be Armenians.” Viewing Armenians as outsiders, as foreigners who should return to where they came from, resonates with anti-Palestinian discourses in Lebanon, though few people make this connection explicit. Though their experiences and histories are very different, most Armenians and Palestinians came to Lebanon as refugees. While Armenians were granted citizenship during the French Mandate era, most Palestinians were not. This, of course, had radically different consequences for both communities. With citizenship, Armenians could work legally and own property, and were able to move out of the refugee camps and more quickly integrate into Lebanese economic and political life. Still, despite gaining citizenship, racist discourses present Armenians as not quite Lebanese, as foreign. These ethnopolitical tensions complicate the widely shared sense — both inside and outside the country — that Lebanon’s conflicts are rooted in religious intolerance or religious difference alone. The fact that most Armenians belong to one of three Christian sects (Apostolic, Protestant and Catholic) has not historically spared them from xenophobic attacks, even from other Christian political parties.
In fact, the stereotype of Burj Hammoud as a monolithic Armenian district is misleading, as the city is quite demographically diverse. While Armenians make up a large portion of the population, recent studies suggest that they are not, in fact, the majority. No official census has been conducted in Lebanon since 1932. But a number of studies conducted by NGOs and humanitarian organizations have reached the same conclusion: Burj Hammoud is not as Armenian as most Lebanese think it is. A study conducted in 2006 by the Christian humanitarian organization World Vision, with the assistance of several local NGOs in Burj Hammoud, determined that only one sector of Burj Hammoud has a majority-Armenian population. In all other sectors, the majority of residents were Lebanese Christians of various sects, Lebanese Shi‘a and non-Lebanese migrant workers. The decline of the Armenian population in Burj Hammoud began in the 1940s, when many Armenians answered the call to settle in Soviet Armenia. Vacancies in Burj Hammoud were then filled by an influx of mainly Shi‘i migrants who had come to Beirut seeking work. During the civil war of 1975-1990, right-wing Christian militias forced Shi‘i and Palestinian residents out of Naba‘a, a neighborhood within the Burj Hammoud municipal district, though some Shi‘i residents later returned. The area is now home to significant populations of Maronites, Greek Orthodox and Shi‘a, as well as migrant workers from Syria (mostly Kurds), Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, the Philippines and Nepal. Many of these migrants work in the nearby industrial zone of Dakwana, which developed in part from the growth of small-scale manufacturing among Armenian artisans in Burj Hammoud. Despite this diversity, Burj Hammoud continues to be regarded as an Armenian territory, both by those who disparage its alleged insularity and by Armenians who value living within their “own community” and conducting much of their daily affairs in Armenian.
The story of Burj Hammoud is part of a history of displacement and migration in the aftermath of the breakdown of the Ottoman Empire and, in later decades, within Lebanon. Though Armenians regard the area as an important site for Armenian diasporic cultural production, Western Armenian language and literature, the Armenian identity of Burj Hammoud is made possible by Lebanon’s unique confessional system and its logic of “self-rule.” Distributing power by sect has necessitated the existence of religious communities as the vectors of social and political participation. Separate religious courts govern issues of personal status, such as marriage, divorce and child custody, for each of the 18 recognized sects. Nearly all political parties are organized by religious affiliation and parliamentary seats and other elected positions are governed by a quota system that dates back to demographic data from the 1932 census. Thus the story of Armenians and Burj Hammoud does not fit neatly into any broad narrative about Christians as a minority population in the Middle East or in Lebanon. The Armenian experience in Lebanon stems from the specific experience of post-genocide, diasporic Armenian identity construction in the context of the Lebanese confessional political system, and cannot be collapsed into a “Christian” Lebanese identity. In fact, the concept of a “Christian” identity is a highly problematic one, as the experiences and political mobilizations of various Christian sects (Maronite, Greek Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic, to name a few) differ widely. Despite discourses about Armenian ethnic and social insularity, Armenian identity in Lebanon has much more to do with the social and historical construction of all confessional identities in Lebanon than some kind of Armenian exceptionalism.
Becoming Armenian
Burj Hammoud’s reputation as the “Armenian quarter,” though not based on demographic facts, nonetheless reflects the importance of Armenian settlement in this part of greater Beirut since the 1920s. Driven from their homes by massacres and deportations during the genocide of 1915-1919, Armenians from various parts of what is now Turkey were sent on death marches into the deserts of Syria. Survivors eventually settled in a number of countries in the Middle East, including Lebanon, but many ended up migrating to Europe or North America. Many Armenians in Lebanon are from Cilicia, a region in southwestern Turkey. Those who survived deportation found themselves in refugee camps, mainly in Syria, without permanent quarters and hoping to return to their villages and towns. In 1919, in an attempt to bolster their territorial interests in the Middle East, the French attempted to repatriate Armenians to Cilicia in order to create an autonomous region sympathetic to Europe and also to thwart the Kemalist nationalist aspirations to create a Turkish state out of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. After more than a year of military resistance from Turkish forces in Cilicia, however, France took a more conciliatory approach in order to prevent Britain from overthrowing the nationalist government and installing a regime more aligned with British interests in the region. In October 1921, the Treaty of Ankara assured French withdrawal from Cilicia in exchange for Turkey’s acceptance of French dominion over Greater Syria.
In November and December 1921, French administrators evacuated the Armenian refugees remaining in Syria by boat. About 15,500 of the 60,000 Cilician refugees landed in Beirut, the only port that was open to the refugees without restriction, though others fled to Syria, Iraq and Greece, and eventually further west to France and the US. [1] The resettlement of Armenians in Lebanon was likely influenced by France’s nation-building project in Greater Syria, which aimed to create a demographic Christian majority in Lebanon. The French hoped that “Christian” Lebanon would be a long-lasting ally in a largely Islamic region. The refugees were deposited at La Quarantaine (still known locally as Karantina), an immigration quarantine area near the port in East Beirut. Many refugees spent years in this village of makeshift shacks, where unsanitary conditions spread cholera and other diseases.
With the help of the French Mandate government, along with Lebanese elites, most of the Armenian refugees were able to leave the camp and settle in East Beirut within a few years. For Armenians, becoming Lebanese citizens meant more than just legal rights to own property and work; they were also officially recognized as a sect with full political rights of participation in government. [2] By the 1930s, much of the then-agricultural district of Burj Hammoud had been purchased by Armenian town associations and subdivided for sale to individual association members and their families, effectively creating distinct neighborhoods that bore the name of the town of origin. Both Armenians and non-Armenians still refer to their neighborhoods by these names. Marash or Nor Marash (New Marash) in the northwestern corner of Burj Hammoud was the first neighborhood to be built up by what is still the largest and most powerful of the compatriotic unions.
Town associations played a crucial role in marshaling resources and establishing the Armenian community in Lebanon in those early years. Among the early obstacles for Armenian refugees in Beirut was the great degree of internal linguistic, cultural and religious diversity. Armenians spoke a number of village dialects or Turkish as their first language, and many of the dialects were mutually incomprehensible. There were also class and denominational differences. None of the Armenian political parties or the church apparatus was able to consolidate a unified Armenian bloc during the first elections in 1934, and many of the refugees remained apathetic about participation in Lebanese politics. [3] While pan-Armenian political parties and organizations such as the Armenian General Benevolent Union organized social and cultural activities as part of an attempt to consolidate a national consciousness and to promote an ethnic identity, many in Lebanon continued to organize themselves according to village and regional ties.
It was not until later that Armenian organizations in Lebanon began to cultivate a unified Armenian identity. The most important vectors of “Armenianization” were the teaching of Western Armenian — the standardized form of Armenian spoken in much of the diaspora — in local schools, as well as promoting the study of Armenian history and, depending on the politics of the school, a sense of connection to Soviet Armenia (later the Republic of Armenia). While this project was not exclusive to Lebanon, and Armenian schools and churches attempted to build this national identity elsewhere, it was incredibly successful in Lebanon because of the specific “confessional” mode of governance. The project of cultivating an Armenian identity became even more crucial in Lebanon, as every sect was expected to have its own politico-religious apparatus for issues of personal status, as well as to elect representatives to serve in Parliament, where seats are based on confessional demographics. [4] Though the cultivation of Armenian national identity was a deliberate project, community leaders at the time portrayed the development of Burj Hammoud as a collection of village-based neighborhoods as a reconstruction effort, whereby the Armenian community was simply resurrected in a new location. This discourse has continued into the present day, as many still imagine Burj Hammoud as an immigrant enclave, despite the fact that most Armenians living there were born in Lebanon. While Western Armenian is the language of daily life among Armenians in Burj Hammoud, most people under 50 are also fluent in Arabic, as they increasingly seek work outside of the neighborhood, learn to read and write Arabic in Armenian schools, and watch Lebanese television programs.
Lebanon is also home to one of the two branches of the Armenian Apostolic Church. The Apostolic See in Antalyas, a suburb northeast of Beirut, administers about 40 churches in North America, as well as 11 dioceses in the Middle East. The See also houses a memorial containing the bones of some of those who perished during the deportations. The remains of these anonymous victims were found in the deserts of northern Syria and brought to Antalyas decades later. They are kept behind glass, like relics, as a reminder to coming generations of the events that brought Armenians to Lebanon. The monument ultimately tells a story of survival, and foregrounds the sense of insecurity that Armenians traditionally felt as an ethnic minority.
From Others to Swing Voters
Narratives about the precariousness of the Armenian community have long shaped its political activities in Lebanon, though in reality, the Armenian parties have been involved in larger inter-confessional alliances and factions within the Lebanese political world for decades. There are six parliamentary seats allotted to Armenians by religious sect: five for Armenian Orthodox and one for Armenian Catholics. There are three major Armenian political parties that take up most of these seats: Tashnak, Hnchak and Ramgavar. Officially, the parties have interested themselves solely in maintaining the security of Armenians as a minority, and have remained neutral on controversial political questions. In practice, Armenian political parties have been neither neutral nor united in their alignments. During the first civil war in 1958, the two main parties, Hnchak and Tashnak, who had long been in dispute over the leadership of the Armenian church in Lebanon, among other issues, fought one another on opposing sides of the larger Lebanese conflict. The church was more than just the spiritual center of the Apostolic religion; it was an important political organization whose courts determined personal status laws and whose schools were the backbone of the Armenian education system in Lebanon. The Armenian parties’ participation in the war of 1958 also amplified intracommunal disputes over the relationship between the diaspora and then Soviet-controlled Armenia, local Lebanese politics and alliances with other Lebanese parties. While the Tashnak party supported the pro-Western, Christian conservative Lebanese factions, the Hnchak party supported the national opposition. Since the 1970s, the bluster between the parties has cooled and Tashnak has captured the dominant share of the Armenian vote.
Armenians are now more visible and vocal players on the field of Lebanese politics, though, for many, the goal of political action is still the safety and security of Armenians as a minority group. The two major political parties are on opposing sides of the political spectrum in Lebanon today. Tashnak belongs to the coalition that includes Hizballah and Amal, the two main Shi‘i political parties in Lebanon, as well as some other Christian parties and the major Druze party. Hnchak is currently a member of the coalition dominated by the Future Party founded by former Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri, the most popular Sunni party in Lebanon, but which includes several Christian parties. Much media attention was given in the last few elections to the Armenian “swing vote,” as the one sect that could determine which political faction would become dominant.
A great many Armenians in Burj Hammoud still insist on the notion of Armenian neutrality, at least during times of violence, in order to protect the security of the community as a minority group, as well as to avoid scrutiny or attack by other confessional parties. Many Armenians, however, feel it is a natural step for Armenian parties to be more involved in Lebanese political life, not only in order to “safeguard” the security of the community, but also because “we are Lebanese after all.” While an underlying fear of persecution as an ethnic minority still haunts the political discourse of the Armenian parties, there is increasing movement within the community to regard Armenians’ position as a legitimate Lebanese sect, operating within the confessional political system not as “guests” or “recent arrivals,” but as citizens. While the terms of this citizenship might be particular to Lebanon’s confessional form of governance, an increasing number of Armenians, particularly the generations under the age of 50, are feeling more integrated into this system.
Armenian Roots, Lebanese Lives
Some Armenians who left Burj Hammoud for more prosperous suburbs farther from downtown share the image of the district as an Armenian ghetto and reject attempts to define the area as an authentically Armenian space. Even many of these upwardly mobile Armenians, however, describe a feeling of safety and belonging in Burj Hammoud, though they may feel comfortable communicating in Arabic and work outside of the neighborhood. One woman explained how she felt visiting Burj Hammoud, describing it as “a place where you can belong. It is very special to me, every time I walk there on the streets I feel secure. It’s weird, but it’s true. I feel familiar. As if I’m in my house.” A man who grew up in Burj Hammoud explained that, as a young child, he used to think he lived in Armenia, so complete was his sense of being enmeshed in the linguistic and cultural world of this neighborhood, but that even that aspect of the neighborhood had changed somewhat in recent years. He commented: “Everything around me referenced ‘Armenian’ culture rather than a ‘Lebanese’ culture. From street signs to shop names, everything was in Armenian. Today, most stores in Burj Hammoud have changed their signage to Arabic and English to cater to non-Armenian-speaking customers. But as you walk through the streets, you feel this isn’t like any other part of Beirut.”
For its boosters, promoting Burj Hammoud as an Armenian territory is not about protecting an enclave, but about maintaining a daily practice of communicating in Armenian and having access to Armenian social institutions. Increasingly, this identification does not disavow Lebanese identity, or, rather, the specificity of being Lebanese-Armenian, but provides a sense of origin and rootedness. Lebanon is not merely a container within which one experiences being Armenian, as though there were a kind of floating diasporic identity unrooted in any particular locale. When asked about feeling Armenian and Lebanese, one woman replied: “Wa-law (of course) I’m Lebanese! I love the smell of manqousha in the morning! I feel Armenian, too. That’s different. That’s in my blood, under my skin. Feeling Armenian means being a little bit different.” Being Armenian might mean being “different,” but it is a difference that has room to thrive within a Lebanese context of ethnic and religious diversity where there is no one dominant or normative Lebanese citizen. This same woman described the alienation she felt when she traveled to the Republic of Armenia in the early 2000s. It was an unfamiliar place that made her question her own sense of Armenian identity. Her experience in Armenia helped inform her own sense of rootedness and belonging in Lebanon. Another young man who grew up in Burj Hammoud expressed his own experience of being Lebanese-Armenian as not at all contradictory. In fact, he noted a great deal of fluidity in being Lebanese-Armenian and did not experience it as a negotiation of two separate or distinct identities: “Being born and raised here I cannot separate one [cultural influence] from the other. The line between the cultural influences is pretty blurry most of the time.”
While some municipal actors have genuinely tried to be inclusive in their cultural events and activities, most of the events tend to focus on Armenian cultural production. These events have the effect of overshadowing non-Armenian residents’ belonging and participation in the cultural life of Burj Hammoud. Similarly, the Armenian-dominated municipality sometimes overlooks the parts of Burj Hammoud that have less of an Armenian presence in its plans for infrastructure upgrades. Even simple projects like sidewalk beautification happen more frequently in the commercially viable, Armenian-occupied areas and highlight the class and ethnic divisions among neighborhoods within the municipality. For example, in Naba‘a, the neighborhood at the southern end of Burj Hammoud, there are few Armenian institutions. Most of the apartment buildings are owned by Lebanese Shi‘a, and the district’s two mosques are located here. It is also home to a large proportion of non-Lebanese migrant workers. Armenians often refer to Naba‘a as “not really” Burj Hammoud, precisely because the area lacks a high proportion of Armenian residents and businesses. This uneven development, however, is not unique to Burj Hammoud. Confessional parties often dominate the political leadership of municipalities, and thus manage many of the urban infrastructure projects that create similar divisions in space and social worlds. [5]
Yet as a space largely occupied by low-income Armenians, Lebanese and migrant workers, Burj Hammoud reflects an alternate story of Beirut, one shaped less by communitarian conflict than by shared histories of migration and labor. It is a place where people have, at many times, lived and worked together in relationships that defy a simple confessional reading of urban history and space. In many ways, the story of Armenians in Lebanon is about the production of a national community from a somewhat disparate group of displaced people. It is a nation-building story from within a nation whose governance encourages social and political fragmentation along religious and ethnic lines. The history of producing an Armenian identity is, in fact, a very Lebanese story.
Endnotes | |||||
6007 | dbpedia | 3 | 74 | https://www.everyculture.com/wc/Afghanistan-to-Bosnia-Herzegovina/Armenians.html | en | Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore, Religion, Major holidays, Rites of passage | [
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] | null | [] | null | Armenians - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore, Religion, Major holidays, Rites of passage Afghanistan to Bosnia Herzegovina | en | null | Armenians
PRONUNCIATON: ahr-MEE-nee-uhns
ALTERNATE NAMES: Hay
LOCATION: Armenia (in the southwest of the former Soviet Union)
POPULATION: 5–7 million
LANGUAGE: Armenian
RELIGION: Armenian Apostolic Church; some American Christian sects
2 • LOCATION
The Republic of Armenia is located in the southwestern part of the former Soviet Union, and shares borders with Iran to the south, Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, and Azerbaijan to the east. The country is landlocked, extremely dry, and has very few natural resources. Although the Republic of Armenia's area is only 11,620 square miles (30,100 square kilometers), Armenians have historically occupied a much larger territory. Their culture once spread throughout north-and west-central Asia.
Estimates of the worldwide Armenian population range between five and seven million. About three and one-half million Armenians live in the Republic of Armenia. A large Armenian diaspora (a community of people living as refugees) exists in many countries of the world.
Ethnic Armenians make up more than 90 percent of the total population of the Republic of Armenia. Large communities of Azerbaijani Turks and Kurds lived in Armenia until 1988. They left as conflict grew between Armenians and Azeris in the neighboring republic of Azerbaijan. Other minority populations in Armenia include Russians, Greeks, and Jews.
3 • LANGUAGE
The Armenian language was written for the first time in the early fifth century. Its alphabet was invented by a scribe named Mesrop Mashtots, so that Christian liturgy and scriptures could be translated and written for the Armenian people.
The Armenian language has many dialects, some of which cannot be understood by speakers of other dialects. Two standard printed dialects exist: Western and Eastern. Western Armenian was the dialect of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire and is used by the Armenian diaspora. Eastern Armenian was the dialect of Armenians in the Russian Empire and Iran; it is the official language of the Republic of Armenia. Armenians everywhere think that being able to speak the language is an important part of being Armenian.
5 • RELIGION
Some people believe that Christianity was introduced in Armenia by the apostles Thaddeus and Bartholomew. But it was not until King Trdat III's conversion that Christianity became the state religion. By the late twentieth century, the Armenian liturgy had not changed much since the Middle Ages.
Not all Armenians are members of the Armenian Apostolic Church, partly due to the pressures of communism in Soviet Armenia. Nevertheless, the Armenian Church has played an important role in preserving the history and culture of its people.
8 • RELATIONSHIPS
Family and friends are very close in Armenia. It is considered polite to visit without an invitation, unlike the custom in the United States where it is considered impolite to visit someone's home unannounced.
As a sign of affection and respect, most social gatherings include toasting (with alcoholic drinks) each other's families, health, and good luck.
Armenians greet one another with handshakes or with kisses on the cheek. Women and men alike show physical affection with friends of the same sex. It is as common to see two men walking down the street armin-arm as it is to see two women doing so. Teenage boys and girls date one another, usually going to the movies or talking together in coffeehouses.
9 • LIVING CONDITIONS
More than one-third of the population lives in Yerevan, the capital. Another third lives in other industrial and urban areas. The remaining third lives in villages of varying sizes across the country.
In urban Armenia, most families live in apartment buildings ranging from four to fifteen stories high. By American standards, apartments are small. They consist of a kitchen, living room, separate bathroom, one or two bedrooms, and perhaps a balcony. Children and grandparents rarely have their own bedrooms. They sleep together on beds or sofas in the living room or balcony. Parents sleep together in the bedroom, sometimes with one or more children.
In villages, many Armenians have private houses, ranging in size from two rooms with a kitchen to very large houses with many rooms. Village homes may have small farming plots and small barns where cows, pigs, chickens, goats, and sheep are kept. Compared with other republics of the former Soviet Union, Armenians enjoy a wide variety of goods and services, such as public transportation, telephones, indoor running water, and electricity.
10 • FAMILY LIFE
In cities, towns, and villages alike, adults live with their parents even after marriage. A new bride will move into her husband's parents' home. Children care for their parents in old age, and grandparents play a large role in raising their grandchildren. Siblings and cousins play together as children, and usually remain close throughout adulthood.
In villages and towns, marriages are sometimes arranged by older relatives and friends. Divorce and remarriage is far less common in Armenia than in the United States. Armenians have large families, although the birthrate has declined recently.
11 • CLOTHING
For more than one hundred years, urban Armenians have dressed like other urban peoples of Europe. Jeans are popular with young people.
Traditional costumes for both men and women include baggy pants worn under long shifts or overcoats. These costumes are worn for special cultural celebrations and dances. Distinctive regional accessories include sheepskin hats, engraved metal belts, and jewelry, sometimes made of coins. Women traditionally wear their hair in two long braids.
15 • EMPLOYMENT
Work in Armenia is much like work in other industrialized countries. Clothing manufacturing, shoemaking, and computer technology are among Armenia's light industries. Chemical industries include the production of neoprene rubber.
Women make up a large proportion of the work force as teachers, doctors, musicians, physicists, researchers, factory workers, and governmental and nongovernmental administrators.
In rural Armenia, farmers work the land and care for livestock. Rural women do domestic work. Even the smallest towns and villages have schools, regional government representation, shops, and other kinds of non-agricultural employment.
16 • SPORTS
In the late twentieth century, Armenians received Olympic gold medals in wrestling, weight-lifting, and boxing. Skiing and tennis are also popular sports, but soccer is perhaps the most popular. The Armenian soccer team, Ararat, was the champion of the Soviet Union in 1973.
17 • RECREATION
Armenian entertainment includes movies, music, and traditional and modern dance. The Armenian symphony in Yerevan gives weekly performances that draw large crowds of all ages to the Opera House, which also hosts national operas and ballets. Armenian men like to play backgammon and chess at home and in city parks when the weather is nice. Armenians of all ages enjoy walks and visits to outdoor cafes. In the summer, the most popular forms of relaxation are trips to the beach at Lake Sevan and picnics in the countryside, where they roast meat and vegetables over open fires.
19 • SOCIAL PROBLEMS
The main social problem in Armenia is its tense relationship with its neighbor Azerbaijan. There is a large Armenian section of Azerbaijan in which Armenians form a majority of the population but where they are treated as second-class citizens. Complicating the situation is the fact that Armenians are largely Christians and the people of Azerbaijan are mostly Muslim. There was a short but violent war fought in the early 1990s, followed by several years of uneasy peace. | ||||||
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Armenia, landlocked country of Transcaucasia, lying just south of the great mountain range of the Caucasus and fronting the northwestern extremity of Asia. To the north and east Armenia is bounded by Georgia and Azerbaijan, while its neighbours to the southeast and west are, respectively, Iran and Turkey. Naxçıvan, an exclave of Azerbaijan, borders Armenia to the southwest. The capital is Yerevan (Erevan).
Audio File: National anthem of Armenia
Head Of Government:
Prime Minister: Nikol Pashinyan
Population:
(2024 est.) 3,009,000
Head Of State:
President: Vahagn Kachaturyan
Form Of Government:
unitary multiparty republic with a single legislative body (National Assembly [105])
Modern Armenia comprises only a small portion of ancient Armenia, one of the world’s oldest centres of civilization. At its height, Armenia extended from the south-central Black Sea coast to the Caspian Sea and from the Mediterranean Sea to Lake Urmia in present-day Iran. Ancient Armenia was subjected to constant foreign incursions, finally losing its autonomy in the 14th century ce. The centuries-long rule of Ottoman and Persian conquerors imperiled the very existence of the Armenian people. Eastern Armenia was annexed by Russia during the 19th century, while western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule, and in 1894–96 and 1915 the Ottoman government perpetrated systematic massacres and forced deportations of Armenians.
Recent News
July 30, 2024, 5:09 AM ET (Voice of America)
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July 19, 2024, 9:14 AM ET (AP)
2 killed in a military aircraft crash in Armenia
The portion of Armenia lying within the former Russian Empire declared independence on May 28, 1918, but in 1920 it was invaded by forces from Turkey and Soviet Russia. The Soviet Republic of Armenia was established on November 29, 1920; in 1922 Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic; and in 1936 this republic was dissolved and Armenia became a constituent (union) republic of the Soviet Union. Armenia declared sovereignty on August 23, 1990, and independence on September 23, 1991.
The status of Nagorno-Karabakh (also called Artsakh), an enclave of 1,700 square miles (4,400 square km) in southwestern Azerbaijan populated primarily by ethnic Armenians, was from 1988 the source of bitter conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. By the mid-1990s Karabakh Armenian forces had occupied much of southwestern Azerbaijan, but, after a devastating war in 2020, they were compelled to withdraw from most of that area.
Land
Relief
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Armenia is a mountainous country characterized by a great variety of scenery and geologic instability. The average elevation is 5,900 feet (1,800 metres) above sea level. There are no lowlands: half the territory lies at elevations of 3,300 to 6,600 feet; only about one-tenth lies below the 3,300-foot mark.
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The northwestern part of the Armenian Highland—containing Mount Aragats (Alaghez), the highest peak (13,418 feet, or 4,090 metres) in the country—is a combination of lofty mountain ranges, deep river valleys, and lava plateaus dotted with extinct volcanoes. To the north and east, the Somkhet, Bazum, Pambak, Gugark, Areguni, Shakhdag, and Vardenis ranges of the Lesser Caucasus lie across the northern sector of Armenia. Elevated volcanic plateaus (Lory, Shirak, and others), cut by deep river valleys, lie amid these ranges.
In the eastern part of Armenia, the Sevan Basin, containing Lake Sevan (525 square miles) and hemmed in by ranges soaring as high as 11,800 feet, lies at an elevation of about 6,200 feet. In the southwest, a large depression—the Ararat Plain—lies at the foot of Mount Aragats and the Geghama Range; the Aras River cuts this important plain into halves, the northern half lying in Armenia and the southern in Turkey and Iran.
Armenia is subject to damaging earthquakes. On December 7, 1988, an earthquake destroyed the northwestern town of Spitak and caused severe damage to Leninakan (now Gyumri), Armenia’s second most populous city. About 25,000 people were killed.
Drainage
Of the total precipitation, some two-thirds is evaporated, and one-third percolates into the rocks, notably the volcanic rocks, which are porous and fissured. The many rivers in Armenia are short and turbulent with numerous rapids and waterfalls. The water level is highest when the snow melts in the spring and during the autumn rains. As a result of considerable difference in elevation along their length, some rivers have great hydroelectric potential.
Most of the rivers fall into the drainage area of the Aras (itself a tributary of the Kura River of the Caspian Basin), which, for 300 miles (480 kilometres), forms a natural boundary between Armenia and Turkey and Iran.
The Aras’ main left-bank tributaries, the Akhuryan (130 miles), the Hrazdan (90 miles), the Arpa (80 miles), and the Vorotan (Bargyushad; 111 miles), serve to irrigate most of Armenia. The tributaries of the Kura—the Debed (109 miles), the Aghstev (80 miles), and others—pass through Armenia’s northeastern regions. Lake Sevan, with a capacity in excess of 9 cubic miles (39 cubic kilometres) of water, is fed by dozens of rivers, but only the Hrazdan leaves its confines.
Armenia is rich in springs and wells, some of which possess medicinal properties.
Soils
More than 15 soil types occur in Armenia, including light brown alluvial soils found in the Aras River plain and the Ararat Plain, poor in humus but still intensively cultivated; rich brown soils, found at higher elevations in the hill country; and chernozem (black earth) soils, which cover much of the higher steppe region. Much of Armenia’s soil—formed partly by residues of volcanic lava—is rich in nitrogen, potash, and phosphates. The labour required to clear the surface stones and debris from the soil, however, has made farming in Armenia difficult.
Climate
Because of Armenia’s position in the deep interior of the northern part of the subtropical zone, enclosed by lofty ranges, its climate is dry and continental. Regional climatic variation is nevertheless considerable. Intense sunshine occurs on many days of the year. Summer, except in high-elevation areas, is long and hot, the average June and August temperature in the plain being 77° F (25° C); sometimes it rises to uncomfortable levels. Winter is generally not cold; the average January temperature in the plain and foothills is about 23° F (−5° C), whereas in the mountains it drops to 10° F (−12° C). Invasions of Arctic air sometimes cause the temperature to drop sharply: the record low is −51° F (−46° C). Winter is particularly inclement on the elevated, windswept plateaus. Autumn—long, mild, and sunny—is the most pleasant season.
The ranges of the Lesser Caucasus prevent humid air masses from reaching the inner regions of Armenia. On the mountain slopes, at elevations from 4,600 to 6,600 feet, yearly rainfall approaches 32 inches (800 millimetres), while the sheltered inland hollows and plains receive only 8 to 16 inches of rainfall a year.
The climate changes with elevation, ranging from the dry subtropical and dry continental types found in the plain and in the foothills up to a height of 3,000 to 4,600 feet, to the cold type above the 6,600-foot mark.
Plant and animal life
The broken relief of Armenia, together with the fact that its highland lies at the junction of various biogeographic regions, has produced a great variety of landscapes. Though a small country, Armenia boasts more plant species (in excess of 3,000) than the vast Russian Plain. There are five altitudinal vegetation zones: semidesert, steppe, forest, alpine meadow, and high-elevation tundra.
The semidesert landscape, ascending to an elevation of 4,300 to 4,600 feet, consists of a slightly rolling plain covered with scanty vegetation, mostly sagebrush. The vegetation includes drought-resisting plants such as juniper, sloe, dog rose, and honeysuckle. The boar, wildcat, jackal, adder, gurza (a venomous snake), scorpion, and, more rarely, the leopard inhabit this region.
Steppes predominate in Armenia. They start at elevations of 4,300 to 4,600 feet, and in the northeast they ascend to 6,200 to 6,600 feet. In the central region they reach 6,600 to 7,200 feet and in the south are found as high as 7,900 to 8,200 feet. In the lower elevations the steppes are covered with drought-resistant grasses, while the mountain slopes are overgrown with thorny bushes and juniper.
The forest zone lies in the southeast of Armenia, at elevations of 6,200 to 6,600 feet, where the humidity is considerable, and also in the northeast, at elevations of 7,200 to 7,900 feet. Occupying nearly one-tenth of Armenia, the northeastern forests are largely beech. Oak forests predominate in the southeastern regions, where the climate is drier, and in the lower part of the forest zone hackberry, pistachio, honeysuckle, and dogwood grow. The animal kingdom is represented by the Syrian bear, wildcat, lynx, and squirrel. Birds—woodcock, robin, warbler, titmouse, and woodpecker—are numerous.
The alpine zone lies above 6,600 feet, with stunted grass providing good summer pastures. The fauna is rich; the abundant birdlife includes the mountain turkey, horned lark, and bearded vulture, while the mountains also harbour the bezoar goat and the mountain sheep, or mouflon.
Finally, the alpine tundra, with its scant cushion plants, covers only limited mountain areas and solitary peaks.
People
Ethnic groups
Armenians constitute nearly all of the country’s population; they speak Armenian, a distinct branch of the Indo-European language family. The remainder of the population includes Kurds, Russians, and small numbers of Ukrainians, Assyrians, and other groups.
Religion
Armenia was converted to Christianity about 300 ce, becoming the first kingdom to adopt the religion after the Arsacid king Tiridates III was converted by St. Gregory the Illuminator. The Armenians have therefore maintained an ancient and rich liturgical and Christian literary tradition. Believing Armenians today belong mainly to the Armenian Apostolic (Orthodox) Church or the Armenian Catholic Church, in communion with Rome. | ||||
6007 | dbpedia | 3 | 62 | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/21/nagorno-karabakh-five-things-to-know-about-the-latest-crisis | en | One month of fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh: Five things to know | [
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] | 2020-10-21T00:00:00 | Three truce attempts have failed to stop Azerbaijan and Armenia fighting, with more than 1,000 killed in one month. | en | /favicon_aje.ico | Al Jazeera | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/21/nagorno-karabakh-five-things-to-know-about-the-latest-crisis | Nagorno-Karabakh is at the heart of a decades-old conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia, both former Soviet republics.
It is internationally recognised as Azerbaijani territory, but is run by ethnic Armenians who either want to secede or join Armenia.
According to Azerbaijan, ethnic Armenians are occupying their land.
Tensions grew in the 1980s. Ethnic nationalism had been frowned upon in Soviet times, so when the Soviet Union dissolved, ethnic Armenians saw a chance to petition to join Armenia.
The result was a bloody war in the 1990s that killed 30,000 and displaced millions. Both sides were accused of attacking civilians, but Azerbaijan bore the greater cost with more deaths and refugees. By the time the war ended, Armenia had seized Nagorno-Karabakh and some surrounding areas.
Known as Artsakh to Armenians, about 150,000 people live in the mountain enclave, with a third of the population in the main city of Stepanakert.
It is about 4,400 square kilometres (2,734 square miles) and lies close to westward oil and gas pipelines.
On September 27, the rivals clashed again, beginning the worst fighting to hit the region since the 1990s. Analysts have warned that this time, the conflict is different mainly because new weapons are being used. There are also fears of an all-out war emerging, drawing in Russia and Turkey.
How did the conflict restart?
As is often the case when the rivals battle, each side blamed the other.
Azerbaijan’s defence industry said it had launched a “counteroffensive to suppress Armenia’s combat activity and ensure the safety of the population”, while Armenia accused Azerbaijan of attacking civilian settlements in Nagorno-Karabakh.
It is very difficult to verify these claims and in the past few weeks, each country has regularly denied the other’s account of attacks and suffering, especially when it comes to hitting civilian areas.
Read more about the information war here.
Why did it begin?
The conflict has always been on the boil. Despite a 1994 ceasefire, clashes have periodically broken out since then. In 2016, hundreds died in four days of fighting. In July this year, dozens on both sides died, mostly troops.
Some analysts have said that the coronavirus pandemic made shuttle diplomacy harder in the months before the clash began. Meanwhile, the pandemic and other issues such as protests in Belarus had taken up international mediators’ attention.
In a recent column for Al Jazeera, Robert M Cutler, a fellow at the Canadian Global Affairs Institute, argued that Nikol Pashinyan, the Armenian prime minister, is increasingly nationalistic and has said he does not recognise the proposed peace settlements known as the Madrid Principles, angering Azerbaijan.
“The Madrid Principles had foreseen and agreed that Yerevan hand over to Azerbaijan the occupied regions around Nagorno-Karabakh. It is clear that if Yerevan had accomplished this undertaking, then the lives of many Armenians and Azerbaijanis would have been spared,” wrote Cutler.
“These terms have been on the table for over a decade, and they are not just Azerbaijan’s. They are supported by the international community and therefore unlikely to change. Azerbaijan now has the upper hand and the military potential to take back all the occupied territories.”
What’s the human cost?
In less than a month, at least 65 Azerbaijani civilians and 37 ethnic Armenians have been killed.
Armenia-backed officials in Nagorno-Karabakh say 974 troops have died, while Azerbaijan has not disclosed its military death toll. President Ilham Aliyev has said he would announce the details when the clashes subside.
Many believe the actual toll is far higher than what has so far been reported.
Thousands have reportedly fled Stepanakert to nearby Armenia and some of those who remain live underground in bomb shelters.
People in Azeri towns that have been hit, such as Tartar, have fled to relatively safer areas.
There are major concerns over the extent of the bloodshed in this round of clashes, with new, advanced weaponry in use. Read more about those new weapons here.
What is the international community doing about it?
So far, there have been three attempts at a humanitarian truce that would allow prisoners and the war dead to be swapped. Brokered by international mediators, all have failed.
The first on October 10 was brokered in Russia after marathon talks between the two sides and the second came a week later, after Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov spoke to his Armenian and Azeri counterparts by phone.
The latest truce attempt was brokered by the US, and came into effect on October 26.
In all instances, the warring sides accused one another of breaking the ceasefire hours after the agreed deadlines.
In a wider sense, talks have been ongoing since 1992 under the OSCE Minsk Group, led by its three co-chairs – Russia, France and the United States.
While Russia has good relations with Azerbaijan, Moscow is viewed as supportive of Armenia, although Armenians are concerned that Pashinyan’s small step towards the West may have upset the Kremlin.
Meanwhile, Turkey is Azerbaijan’s most fervent and vocal supporter and Baku wants Ankara at the negotiating table. For its part, Turkey has criticised the Minsk group’s efforts.
What might happen next?
Despite three attempts at a ceasefire, there has been no let-up in the fighting. International players renew their calls for peace on a daily basis.
It appears there is little hope for peace.
In his most recent address to the nation, on October 26, Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev said: “We are restoring historical justice on the battlefield because Nagorno-Karabakh is ancient and historical land of Azerbaijan.”
In a recent tweet, Pashinyan said: “I would like to state that the efforts of the international community, this time brokered by the #UnitedStates, to establish a ceasefire, have failed. As a result of continuous shelling by Azerbaijan, civilians were killed and wounded in #Artsakh today.”
But at the same time, leaders and top officials from both sides continue to talk to international players and in media interviews, Aliyev and Pashinyan suggest a willingness to seek a truce. | ||||
6007 | dbpedia | 2 | 96 | https://www.newsweek.com/azerbaijan-president-calls-total-surrender-nagorno-karabakh-raising-fears-ethnic-cleansing-1535650 | en | Azerbaijan President Demands Total Armenian Retreat From Nagorno | [
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] | 2020-10-01T11:17:05-04:00 | Azerbaijan has vowed to take control of the Armenian-controlled Nagorno-Karabakh pocket amid an eruption of violence there. | en | Newsweek | https://www.newsweek.com/azerbaijan-president-calls-total-surrender-nagorno-karabakh-raising-fears-ethnic-cleansing-1535650 | Azerbaijan and Armenia have both dismissed calls for a ceasefire amid the latest outbreak of fighting around the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region.
The two sides have been in conflict over the pocket—internationally recognized Azeri land but governed by the ethnic Armenian, self-declared Republic of Artsakh—for decades, but this week's violence is the most serious since a bout of fighting 2016.
Both sides have deployed heavy artillery, tanks and drones, and more than 100 people—including civilians—have been killed so far.
International calls for calm have fallen on deaf ears. Azeri President Ilham Aliyev said Wednesday: "We only have one condition: Armenian armed forces must unconditionally, fully, and immediately leave our lands."
The country's foreign ministry said Wednesday that the government is "resolutely determined to continue the counteroffensive operation until its sovereignty and territorial integrity is fully restored...[and] we clearly see the Armenian troops leaving the territory of Azerbaijan."
There are some 150,000 people living in Nagorno-Karabakh, the majority of those ethnic Armenians who fear violence if Azeri troops do indeed take control of the territory. Observers have warned that ethnic cleansing is a possibility.
"It's quite realistic," said Laurence Broers, a Caucasus analyst at the British Chatham House think tank. "I can understand that there is concern about this."
There is a dark history of violence and ethnic cleansing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, who fought a war over Nagorno-Karabakh between 1988 and 1994 amid the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Ethnic cleansing was a feature of that conflict, Broers said.
"I think it's part of what people expect, in a gruesome and very concerning way," he told Newsweek. "Neither society has ever had a reckoning with the fact that very substantial numbers of people from the other nationality were ethnically cleansed from their territory."
The areas immediately around the front lines are sparsely populated, though shelling has been reported in more densely populated civilian areas. For now, it is the troops taking the majority of the casualties. But if Azeri forces are able to advance, they will pose a threat to civilians.
Azeri troops were accused of executing and mutilating Armenian soldiers and civilians during the 2016 fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh. Olesya Vartanyan, an analyst at the Crisis Group, warned that fresh atrocities could occur if populated areas are caught up in the violence.
The Azeri side has "made no secret of its main goal in this current fighting," Vartanyan told Newsweek. "The president spoke about this on the very first day of the fighting—he wants to take back the territories and the territories are populated only by ethnic Armenians."
"If the Azerbaijani army moves in, we unfortunately will probably see lots of destruction," Vartanyan said. "If the Azerbaijani army is able to hold the territory, then I cannot imagine any ethnic Armenian—especially after this fighting—will want to go back to the territory to live under the Azerbaijani rule." | |||||
6007 | dbpedia | 0 | 60 | https://www.academia.edu/111648615/Sri_Lanka_to_Monte_Pellegrino_The_Tamil_People_and_Santa_Rosalia | en | Sri Lanka to Monte Pellegrino: The Tamil People and Santa Rosalia | http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif | http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif | [
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Globalization, Immigration, and Transformation in the Underwater Archaeological Record Assuming that maritime archaeology conducted in Sri Lanka is new to most readers, the present paper has been written with a dual purpose. First, it tries to give some background to the birth and growth of the discipline in this country and shows its involvement in ICOMOS––ICUCH (International Council on Monuments and Sites––International Committee on the Underwater Cultural Heritage) activities. Second, it tries to deal with the focus of the 2013 SHA conference by addressing three sites, each of which can be developed into a case study relating to the conference themes. Sri Lanka was always a place where East/West shipping interacted, whether before or after A.D. 1500, and was also always conscious of the looming presence of India. This paper, however, deals only with material aspects in the period after 1500.
This is a case study that shows how the Indian Ocean was a major maritime hub up to the 15th century and was gradually replaced by the Atlantic Ocean after the discovery of the Americas by the Europeans and Christopher Columbus. The Arabs and Chinese played a major role in it up to 1433, but for domestic political reasons, the Chinese dropped all practice of ocean navigation and commerce even before the arrival of the Europeans, which contributed to its decline. Right now we are witnessing a reversal, both the come-back of the Indian Ocean as a crucial global area as well as the come-back of the Chinese as the main actor in this area in the present global context. We are going to show striking similarities between the two historical periods (pre-14th century and 21st century). We will consider the central features of this form of the evolution of the Indian Ocean and consider it in terms of the basic perspective of recent post-civil-conflict in Sri Lanka. | |||||
6007 | dbpedia | 3 | 42 | https://www.citiesabc.com/city/yerevan/ | en | Yerevan | [
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] | null | [] | 2020-05-08T12:34:12+00:00 | Yerevan is the capital and largest city of Armenia as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities. | en | citiesabc the digital Magna Carta social impact platform for cities | https://www.citiesabc.com/city/yerevan/ | Introduction
Yerevan is the capital and largest city of Armenia as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities. It is situated on the Hrazdan River, 14 miles from the Turkish frontier. Though first historically recorded in 607 ce, Yerevan dates by archaeological evidence to a settlement on the site in the 6th–3rd millennia bce and subsequently to the fortress of Yerbuni in 783 bce. From the 6th century bce it formed part of the Armenian kingdom. Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. It has been the capital since 1918, the fourteenth in the history of Armenia and the seventh located in or around the Ararat plain. The city also serves as the seat of the Araratian Pontifical Diocese; the largest diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church and one of the oldest dioceses in the world.The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC by king Argishti I at the western extreme of the Ararat plain. Erebuni was «designed as a great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital.» By the late ancient Armenian Kingdom, new capital cities were established and Yerevan declined in importance. Under Iranian and Russian rule, it was the center of the Erivan Khanate from 1736 to 1828 and the Erivan Governorate from 1850 to 1917, respectively. After World War I, Yerevan became the capital of the First Republic of Armenia as thousands of survivors of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire arrived in the area.
The city expanded rapidly during the 20th century as Armenia became part of the Soviet Union. In a few decades, Yerevan was transformed from a provincial town within the Russian Empire to Armenia's principal cultural, artistic, and industrial center, as well as becoming the seat of national government. With the growth of the Armenian economy, Yerevan has undergone major transformation. Much construction has been done throughout the city since the early 2000s, and retail outlets such as restaurants, shops, and street cafés, which were rare during Soviet times, have multiplied. As of 2011, the population of Yerevan was 1,060,138, just over 35% of the Republic of Armenia's total population. According to the official estimate of 2016, the current population of the city is 1,073,700.
Yerevan was named the 2012 World Book Capital by UNESCO. Yerevan is an associate member of Eurocities.Of the notable landmarks of Yerevan, Erebuni Fortress is considered to be the birthplace of the city, the Katoghike Tsiranavor church is the oldest surviving church of Yerevan and Saint Gregory Cathedral is the largest Armenian cathedral in the world, Tsitsernakaberd is the official memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide, and several opera houses, theatres, museums, libraries, and other cultural institutions. Yerevan Opera Theatre is the main spectacle hall of the Armenian capital, the National Gallery of Armenia is the largest art museum in Armenia and shares a building with the History Museum of Armenia, and the Matenadaran repository contains one of the largest depositories of ancient books and manuscripts in the world.
Data and Facts
The total land area of Yerevan is 86 square miles (223 square kilometres)
Yerevan’s population was 1,075,000 in 2016 which gives it a population density of around 12,400 residents per square mile
It is located 3,246 ft above sea level
It enjoys a semi-arid climate with long, hot summers, followed by short and cold winters, a high temperature range and an average annual temperature of 12.4°C
Yerevan is known as the ‘pink city’. This is due to the wonderful natural colour of the historic buildings which were made from naturally coloured volcanic rock
Armenia welcomed 1,204,000 tourists into the country in 2014, many of whom visited Yerevan for its wonderful mix of tradition and modern prosperity which is evident in every area of life
Administration
Yerevan has been the capital of Armenia since the independence of the First Republic in 1918. Situated in the Ararat plain, the historic lands of Armenia, it served as the best logical choice for capital of the young republic at the time. When Armenia became a republic of the Soviet Union, Yerevan remained as capital and accommodated all the political and diplomatic institutions in the republic. In 1991 with the independence of Armenia, Yerevan continued with its status as the political and cultural centre of the country, being home to all the national institutions: the Government House, the National Assembly, the Presidential Palace, the Central Bank, the Constitutional Court, all ministries, judicial bodies and other government organizations.
The first city council formed was headed by Hovhannes Ghorghanyan, who became the first mayor of Yerevan. The Constitution of the Republic of Armenia adopted on 5 July 1995, granted Yerevan the status of a marz .
Therefore, Yerevan functions similarly to the provinces of Armenia with a few specifications.
The mayor, appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister, alongside a group of four deputy mayors heading eleven ministries , the Yerevan City Council, regrouping the Heads of community districts under the authority of the mayor, twelve “community districts”, with each having its own leader and their elected councils.Yerevan has a principal city hall and twelve deputy mayors of districts.
The first election of the Yerevan City Council took place in 2009 and won by the ruling Republican Party of Armenia.In addition to the national police and road police, Yerevan has its own municipal police. All three bodies cooperate to maintain law in the city. Yerevan is divided into twelve «administrative districts» each with an elected leader.
Economy
As of 2013, the share of Yerevan in the annual total industrial product of Armenia is 41%.The industry of Yerevan is quite diversified including chemicals, primary metals and steel products, machinery, rubber products, plastics, rugs and carpets, textiles, clothing and footwear, jewellery, wood products and furniture, building materials and stone-processing, alcoholic beverages, mineral water, dairy product and processed food. Even though the economic crisis of the '90s ravaged the industry of the country, several factories remain always in service, notably in the petrochemical and the aluminium sectors. Armenian beverages, especially Armenian cognac and beer, have a worldwide fame. Hence, Yerevan is home to many leading enterprises of Armenia and the Caucasus for the production of alcoholic beverages, such as the Yerevan Ararat Brandy Factory, Yerevan Brandy Company, Yerevan Champagne Wines Factory, «Beer of Yerevan» brewery, Armco Brandy Factory, Proshyan Brandy Factory and Astafian Wine-Brandy Factory. The 2 tobacco producers in Yerevan are the «Cigaronne» and «Grand Tabak» companies.Carpet industry in Armenia has a deeply rooted history with ancient traditions, therefore, carpet production is rather developed in Yerevan with three major factories that also produce hand-made rugs.The «Megerian Carpet» factory is the leading in this sector.
Other major plants in the city include the «Nairit» chemical and rubber plant, Rusal Armenal aluminum foil mill, «Grand Candy» Armenian-Canadian confectionery manufacturers, «Arcolad» chocolate factory, «Marianna» factory for dairy products, «Talgrig Group» for wheat and flour products, «Shant» ice cream factory, «Crown Chemicals» for paints, «ATMC» travertine mining company, Yerevan Watch Factory «AWI watches», Yerevan Jewellry Plant, and the mineral water factories of «Arzni», «Sil», and «Dilijan Frolova». As an attractive outsourcing location for Western European, Russian and American multinationals, Yerevan headquarters many international companies. It is Armenia's financial hub, being home to the Central Bank of Armenia, the Armenian Stock Exchange , as well as the majority of the country's largest commercial banks.
As of 2013, the city dominates over 85% of the annual total services in Armenia, as well as over 84% of the annual total retail trade. Many subsidiaries of Russian service companies and banks operate in Yerevan, including Gazprom, Ingo Armenia, Rosgosstrakh and VTB Bank. The ACBA-Credit Agricole is a subsidiary of the French Crédit Agricole, while the HSBC Bank Armenia is also operating in Yerevan.
The construction sector has experienced a significant growth during the 1st decade of the 21st century. Many major construction projects has been conducted in Yerevan, such as the Northern Avenue and the rehabilitation of Old Yerevan on Aram Street. The Northern Avenue is completed and was opened in 2007, while the Old Yerevan project is still under development. In the past few years, the city centre has also witnessed major road reconstruction, as well as the renovation of the Republic square, funded by the American-Armenian billionaire Kirk Kerkorian. On the other hand, the Argentina-based Armenian businessman Eduardo Eurnekian took over the airport, while the cascade development project was funded by the US based Armenian millionaire Gerard L. Cafesjian.
However, the sector has significantly dropped by the end of the 1st decade of the 21st century, as a result of the global real estate crisis in 2007–09. In 2013, Yerevan dominated over 58% of the annual total construction sector of Armenia.
In February 2017, the urban development committee of the government revealed its plans for the upcoming major construction projects in the city.
Business Environment
Situated at the very edge of Europe, the city’s local flavour has been shaped by its traditional role as a cultural crossroads. The list of competing regional empires which have continuously fought over this historic city include the Romans, Arabs, Byzantines, Persians, Mongols, Ottomans, Russians and most recently, the Soviets.While the collapse of the Soviet Union spelt economic uncertainty for Armenia, it also played a hand in reshaping the capital city as a modern startup hub. Ties between the ex-soviet «Silicon Valley», and its Californian namesake were firmly established as ethnic-Armenian executives in Palo Alto helped establish R&D centres for firms such as Oracle, Microsoft, Synopsis, National Instruments, Synergy Systems, Mentor Graphics, Cisco, and more in Yerevan, making good use of the country’s software talent.Currently, this tiny European capital of about a million inhabitants, nestled in the Caucasus Mountains, is witnessing the progression of a very unique and vibrant startup scene, invigorated by extremely low living costs, ease of starting a business, access to resources, and proactive government policies designed to embrace this new movement. Parliament recently passed a tax exemption bill for Armenian newly established technology startups. The cityscape, which has been marked by successive changes in urban planning philosophies is characterised by 19th-century neoclassical structures interspersed between large, modern tree-lined boulevards, while the distant suburbs feature the famously bland Brezhnev-era residential blocks typical of the Comintern.
Though Armenia is quickly building a reputation for itself as an easy place to start a business, thanks in part to the lobbying work done by the Union of Information Technology Enterprises independent resources are also available to make the process as easy as possible. Entrepreneurs can always use the considerable resources of the Small and Medium Entrepreneurship Development National centre at their disposal.
Armenia facilitates the process of doing business through improved e-government programmes. Additional legal help with starting or running a business in Armenia can be provided by the partners at the LegalLab Law Boutique, or the Margarian Law firm. Locals are very proud of the Made in Armenia brand. As such, startups and tech companies with over 50% of their code written in Armenia can be found listed on madeinarmenia.org. The Armenian startup community is globally connected and can count on a number of tech heavyweights the likes of Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian to offer mentorship and advice for newly established startups. Yerevan is witnessing an exciting explosion in entrepreneurial activity, with a vibrant startup scene, a lot to do, and many challenges.
Infrastructure
Yerevan is served by the Zvartnots International Airport, located 12 kilometres west of the city center. It is the primary airport of the country. Inaugurated in 1961 during the Soviet era, Zvartnots airport was renovated for the first time in 1985 and a second time in 2002 in order to adapt to international norms. It went through a facelift starting in 2004 with the construction of a new terminal. The first phase of the construction ended in September 2006 with the opening of the arrivals zone. A second section designated for departures was inaugurated in May 2007. The departure terminal is anticipated, October 2011 housing state of the art facilities and technology. This will make Yerevan Zvartnots International Airport, the largest, busiest and most modern airport in the entire Caucasus. Currently there are no national airlines operating in Armenia. The entire project costs more than US$100 million.
A second airport, Erebuni Airport, is located just south of the city. Since the independence, «Erebuni» is mainly used for military or private flights. The Armenian Air Force has equally installed its base there and there are several MiG-29s stationed on Erebuni's tarmac. Public transport in Yerevan is heavily privatized and mostly handled by around 60 private operators. But the 50.4% of public transit is still served by «public vans», locally known as marshrutka. These are about 1210 Russian-made GAZelle vans with 13 seats, that operate same way as buses, having 79 different lines with certain routes and same stops. According to Yerevan Municipality office, in future, marshrutkas should be replaced by ordinary larger buses. Despite having about 13 seats, the limit of passengers is not controlled, so usually these vans carry many more people who stand inside.
The Yerevan trolleybus system has been operating since 1949. Some old Soviet-era trolleybuses have been replaced with comparably new ones. As of May 2017, only 5 trolleybus lines are in operation , with around 45 units in service. The trolleybus system is owned and operated by the municipality.
The tram network that operated in Yerevan since 1906 was decommissioned in January 2004. Its operation had a cost 2.4 times higher than the generated profits, which pushed the municipality to shut down the network, despite a last-ditch effort to save it towards the end of 2003. Since the closure, the rails have been dismantled and sold.
Due to being dispersed among dozens of private operators, the transportation is barely regulated, with only trip fee is being a subject of regulation. Thus, the quality of vehicles is often inadequate, with no certain regulations for safety. Unlike the majority of world capitals, there is no established ticketing system in Yerevan's public transportation. The central station in Nor Kilikia neighborhood serves as bus terminal for inter-city transport, serving outbound routes towards practically all the cities of Armenia as well as abroad, notably Tbilisi and Tabriz.
The Yerevan Metro named after Karen Demirchyan, is a rapid transit system that serves the capital city since 1981. It has a single line of 12.1 km length with 10 active stations and 45 units in service. The interiors of the stations resemble that of the former western Soviet nations, with chandeliers hanging from the corridors. The metro stations had most of their names changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the independence of the Republic of Armenia. A northeastern extension of the line with two new stations is currently being developed. The construction of the first station and of the one-kilometre tunnel linking it to the rest of the network will cost US$18 million. The time of the end of the project has not yet been defined. Another long-term project is the construction of two new lines, but these have been suspended due to lack of finance. The system transports more than 60,000 people on a daily basis.
Yerevan has a single central railway station that is connected to the metro via the Sasuntsi Davit station. The railway station is made in Soviet-style architecture with its long point on the building roof, representing the symbols of communism: red star, hammer and sickle. Due to the Turkish and Azerbaijani blockades of Armenia, there is only one international train that passes by once every two days, with neighboring Georgia being its destination. For example, for a sum of 9 000 to 18 000 dram, it is possible to take the night train to the Georgian capital, Tbilisi.
This train then continues to its destination of Batumi, on the shores of the Black sea in the summer season. The only railway that goes to Iran to the south passes by the closed border of Nakhichevan.
Technology
Under the Soviet rule, Yerevan has turned into a major centre for science and research. The Armenian National Academy of Sciences is the pioneer of scientific research in Armenia. It was founded in 1943 as the Armenian Branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences to become the primary body that conducts research and coordinates activities in the fields of science in Armenia. It has many divisions, including Mathematical and Technical Sciences, Physics and Astrophysics, Natural Sciences, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Armenology and Social Sciences.After the independence, many new research centres were opened in the city, such as the CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute , Tumo Center for Creative Technologies , and Nerses Mets Medical Research and Education Center .
The location of the city on the shores of Hrazdan river has enabled the production of hydroelectricity. As part of the Sevan–Hrazdan Cascade, three hydroelectric power plants are established within the administrative territory of Yerevan: Kanaker HPP, Yerevan-1 HPP, and Yerevan-3 HPP. The entire plant was privatized in 2003, and is currently owned by RusHydro.The city is also home to the Yerevan Thermal Power Plant, a unique facility in the region for its quality and high technology, situated in the southern part of the city. Originally opened in 1961, a modern plant was built in 2007, furnished with a new gas-steam combined cycled turbine, to generate electric power. In March 2017, the construction of a new thermal power plant was launched with an initial investment of US$258 million and an envisaged capacity of 250 megawatts. The power station will be in service in 2019.
Armenia was once the center of IT innovation for the USSR. A turbulent history has stifled the economy, but things are starting to look up for the Caucasus republic. Armenia’s tech scene is at a real turning point. The Silicon Valley of the former Soviet Union has morphed into a thriving tech startup hub, attracting global recognition.In the days of the Soviet Union, Armenia designed and manufactured 40 percent of the mainframe computers for the military. The Yerevan Computer Research Institute, a secret building in the capital city, employed 5,000 highly skilled workers, but later fell to ruin. This is just a small portion of the «several hundred thousand specialists» that worked behind the scenes at the heart of IT innovation, according to the Union of Information Technology Enterprises in Yerevan.This history, combined with Soviet academia’s celebration for the sciences and great Armenian determination, have provided the foundation to kick-start a resurgence of tech innovation. As tech revenues continue to rise, the largest foreign investment, according to the Armenian government, is going into «telecommunications, mining, energy, air transportation and financial sectors».
Online gaming and sports betting software company BetConstruct, an investor in my company UCRAFT, launched in Yerevan in 2003 and today has offices worldwide. Many of the largest IT companies operating in Armenia, such as Microsoft, Google and Oracle, are internationally headquartered with development teams based in the country. The government encourages expansion from these corporates with the implementation of its «open door» policy, designed to encourage foreign business owners and investment, with legal regimes that protect foreign capital.
In 2012, Intel announced the launch of a new research center during the ArmTech Congress. US Ambassador to Armenia John Heffern reported the potential for IT growth, «The creative mind is the key to the future of Armenia. The U.S. Department of Commerce has issued a report based on UNESCO data, according to which Armenia is the first among CIS member states with the number of inventions per capita,» he said.Synopsys, the largest global company in electronic design automation , with an annual revenue of over $2 billion USD, launched offices in Armenia in 2004. Today it is one of the largest IT companies in the country, with over 650 employees. It is also heavily involved in schemes to support rising talent. Synopsys collaborates with Armenia’s Polytechnic University to provide educational programs for students, and also hiring a large number of graduates.Recent legislation has made founding, operating and growing a tech startup in Armenia much simpler. Triada Studios launched in 1993 as a computer graphics and animation studio. Cofounder and CEO Ara Aghamyan described the «huge intellectual potential» in Armenia.In April, photo-editing app PicsArt raised an additional $20M in VC, bringing its total funding to $45M and enabling the Armenia-born startup to grow its presence in China and Japan. In 2015, PicsArt’s CEO Hovhannes Avoyan relocated to join the company’s Chief Revenue Officer in San Francisco, helping to further solidify PicsArt’s recognition in the U.S. tech scene. PicsArt was later that year included on Forbes’s list of «Hottest Startups of 2015».Influencers in the tech world are making efforts to strengthen ties between Armenia and the US. In March Triada Studios’ Ara Aghamyan wrote to President Obama explaining the tech community’s role in developing US-Armenian commerce. He drew attention to the issue of double taxation that deters foreign investment and restricts growth for businesses that are based in Armenia.
Armenia’s enormous diaspora means that there are actually more Armenians living outside of the country: There are between seven to 10 million Armenians concentrated in Russia, the US and France, in contrast to just three million within the country. Second generations Armenians today also add to this global network actively working to support Armenia’s future growth. Cofounder of Inet Technologies, Sam Simonian and his wife Sylva founded TUMO Center for Creative Technologies; a free digital learning center in Yerevan, that provides classes for around 5,000 12 to 18 year olds working with new technologies. Armenia boasts a number of innovative centers such as TUMO, launched as a result of international advocates, and big partnerships.
In 2011, Microsoft launched the Microsoft Innovation Center Armenia in partnership with the US Agency for International Development and Enterprise Incubator Foundation . The center aims to enable IT growth by supporting students and startups.
Social Wellness and Human Resources
Originally a small town, Yerevan became the capital of Armenia and a large city with over one million inhabitants. Until the fall of the Soviet Union, the majority of the population of Yerevan were Armenians with minorities of Russians, Kurds, Azerbaijanis and Iranians present as well. However, with the breakout of the Nagorno-Karabakh War from 1988 to 1994, the Azerbaijani minority diminished in the country in what was part of population exchanges between Armenia and Azerbaijan. A big part of the Russian minority also fled the country during the 1990s economic crisis in the country. Today, the population of Yerevan is overwhelmingly Armenian.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, due to economic crises, thousands fled Armenia, mostly to Russia, North America and Europe. The population of Yerevan fell from 1,250,000 in 1989 to 1,103,488 in 2001 and to 1,091,235 in 2003. However, the population of Yerevan has been increasing since. In 2007, the capital had 1,107,800 inhabitants. Yerevantsis in general use the Yerevan dialect, an Eastern Armenian dialect most probably formed during the 13th century. It is currently spoken in and around Yerevan, including the towns of Vagharshapat and Ashtarak. Classical Armenian words compose a significant part of the dialect's vocabulary.
Throughout the history, it was influenced by several languages, especially Russian and Persian and loan words have significant presence in it today. It is currently the most widespread Armenian dialect.
Yerevan was inhabited first by Armenians and remained homogeneous until the 15th century. During the 1720s Ottoman–Persian War] its absolute majority were Armenians. The demographics of the region changed because of a series of wars between the Ottoman Empire, Iran and Russia. By the early 19th century, Yerevan had a Muslim majority.
Until the Sovietization of Armenia, Yerevan was a multicultural city, mainly with an Armenian and «Caucasian Tatar» population. After the Armenian Genocide, many refugees from what Armenians call Western Armenia escaped to Eastern Armenia. In 1919, about 75,000 Armenian refugees from the Ottoman Empire arrived in Yerevan, mostly from the Vaspurakan region . A significant part of these refugees died of typhus and other diseases.
From 1921 to 1936, about 42,000 ethnic Armenians from Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Greece, Syria, France, Bulgaria etc. went to Soviet Armenia, with most of them settling in Yerevan. The second wave of repatriation occurred from 1946 to 1948, when about 100,000 ethnic Armenians from Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus, Palestine, Iraq, Egypt, France, United States etc. moved to Soviet Armenia, again most of whom settled in Yerevan. Thus, the ethnic makeup of Yerevan became more monoethnic during the first 3 decades in the Soviet Union. In the late 1980s and the early 1990s, the remaining 2,000 Azeris left the city, because of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
Armenian Apostolic Christianity is the predominant religion in Armenia. The 5th-century Saint Paul and Peter Church demolished in November 1930 by the Soviets, was among the earliest churches ever built in Erebuni-Yerevan. Many of the ancient Armenian and medieval churches of the city were destroyed by the Soviets in the 1930s during the Great Purge. The regulating body of the Armenian Church in Yerevan is the Araratian Pontifical Diocese, with the Surp Sarkis Cathedral being the seat of the diocese. As of 2017, Yerevan has 17 active Armenian churches as well as four chapels.
After the capture of Yerevan by the Russians as a result of the Russo-Persian War of 1826–28, many Russian Orthodox churches were built in the city under the orders of the Russian commander General Ivan Paskevich. The Saint Nikolai Cathedral opened during the second half of the 19th century, was the largest Russian church in the city. The Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God was opened in 1916 in Kanaker-Zeytun.However, most of the churches were either closed or demolished by the Soviets during the 1930s. The Saint Nikolai Cathedral was entirely destroyed in 1931, while the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God was closed and converted first into a warehouse and later into a club for the military personnel. Religious services resumed in the church it in 1991, and in 2004 a cupola and a belfry were added to the building.[115] In 2010, the groundbreaking ceremony of the new Holy Cross Russian Orthodox church took place with the presence of Patriarch Kirill I of Moscow. The church was eventually consecrated on 7 October 2017, with the presence of Catholicos Karekin II, Russian bishops and the church benefactor Ara Abramyan.According to Ivan Chopin, there were eight mosques in Yerevan in the middle of the 19th century.
The 18th-century Blue Mosque of Yerevan was restored and reopened in the 1990s, with Iranian funding,[118] and is currently the only active mosque in Armenia, mainly serving the Iranian Shia visitors. Yerevan is home to tiny Yezidi, Molokan, Neopagan, Bahai and Jewish communities, with the Jewish community being represented by the Jewish Council of Armenia. A variety of nontrinitarian communities, considered dangerous sects by the Armenian Apostolic Church, are also found in the city, including Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons, Seventh-day Adventists and Word of Life.
Medical services in Armenia – except from maternity – are not subsidized by the government. However, the government annually allocates a certain amount from the state budget for the medical needs of the socially vulnerable groups.
Yerevan is a major healthcare and medical service centre in the region. Several hospitals of Yerevan refurbished with modern technologies, provide healthcare and medical researches, such as Shengavit Medical Center, Erebouni Medical Center, Izmirlian Medical Center, Saint Gregory the Illuminator Medical Center, Nork-Marash Medical Center, Armenia Republican Medical Center, Astghik Medical Centre, Armenian American Wellness Center, and Mkhitar Heratsi Hospital Complex of the Yerevan State Medical University. The municipality runs 39 polyclinics/medical centres throughout the city.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan
https://www.britannica.com/place/Yerevan
https://facts.uk/18-intriguing-facts-about-yerevan/
https://magazine.startus.cc/guide-start-business-yerevan/
http://repatarmenia.org/en/practical-info/business/a/starting-a-business-in-armenia
https://armenianweekly.com/2019/10/11/wcit-2019-positions-yerevan-as-an-emerging-global-tech-hub/ | |||||
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] | 1999-07-26T00:00:00+00:00 | Armenia, country of Transcaucasia, lying just south of the Caucasus mountain range. To the north and east Armenia is bounded by Georgia and Azerbaijan, while its neighbors to the southeast and west are, respectively, Iran and Turkey. The capital is Yerevan. | en | /favicon.png | Encyclopedia Britannica | https://www.britannica.com/place/Armenia | Armenia
Armenia, landlocked country of Transcaucasia, lying just south of the great mountain range of the Caucasus and fronting the northwestern extremity of Asia. To the north and east Armenia is bounded by Georgia and Azerbaijan, while its neighbours to the southeast and west are, respectively, Iran and Turkey. Naxçıvan, an exclave of Azerbaijan, borders Armenia to the southwest. The capital is Yerevan (Erevan).
Audio File: National anthem of Armenia
Head Of Government:
Prime Minister: Nikol Pashinyan
Population:
(2024 est.) 3,009,000
Head Of State:
President: Vahagn Kachaturyan
Form Of Government:
unitary multiparty republic with a single legislative body (National Assembly [105])
Modern Armenia comprises only a small portion of ancient Armenia, one of the world’s oldest centres of civilization. At its height, Armenia extended from the south-central Black Sea coast to the Caspian Sea and from the Mediterranean Sea to Lake Urmia in present-day Iran. Ancient Armenia was subjected to constant foreign incursions, finally losing its autonomy in the 14th century ce. The centuries-long rule of Ottoman and Persian conquerors imperiled the very existence of the Armenian people. Eastern Armenia was annexed by Russia during the 19th century, while western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule, and in 1894–96 and 1915 the Ottoman government perpetrated systematic massacres and forced deportations of Armenians.
Recent News
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July 19, 2024, 9:14 AM ET (AP)
2 killed in a military aircraft crash in Armenia
The portion of Armenia lying within the former Russian Empire declared independence on May 28, 1918, but in 1920 it was invaded by forces from Turkey and Soviet Russia. The Soviet Republic of Armenia was established on November 29, 1920; in 1922 Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic; and in 1936 this republic was dissolved and Armenia became a constituent (union) republic of the Soviet Union. Armenia declared sovereignty on August 23, 1990, and independence on September 23, 1991.
The status of Nagorno-Karabakh (also called Artsakh), an enclave of 1,700 square miles (4,400 square km) in southwestern Azerbaijan populated primarily by ethnic Armenians, was from 1988 the source of bitter conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. By the mid-1990s Karabakh Armenian forces had occupied much of southwestern Azerbaijan, but, after a devastating war in 2020, they were compelled to withdraw from most of that area.
Land
Relief
Britannica Quiz
Which Country Is Larger By Area? Quiz
Armenia is a mountainous country characterized by a great variety of scenery and geologic instability. The average elevation is 5,900 feet (1,800 metres) above sea level. There are no lowlands: half the territory lies at elevations of 3,300 to 6,600 feet; only about one-tenth lies below the 3,300-foot mark.
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The northwestern part of the Armenian Highland—containing Mount Aragats (Alaghez), the highest peak (13,418 feet, or 4,090 metres) in the country—is a combination of lofty mountain ranges, deep river valleys, and lava plateaus dotted with extinct volcanoes. To the north and east, the Somkhet, Bazum, Pambak, Gugark, Areguni, Shakhdag, and Vardenis ranges of the Lesser Caucasus lie across the northern sector of Armenia. Elevated volcanic plateaus (Lory, Shirak, and others), cut by deep river valleys, lie amid these ranges.
In the eastern part of Armenia, the Sevan Basin, containing Lake Sevan (525 square miles) and hemmed in by ranges soaring as high as 11,800 feet, lies at an elevation of about 6,200 feet. In the southwest, a large depression—the Ararat Plain—lies at the foot of Mount Aragats and the Geghama Range; the Aras River cuts this important plain into halves, the northern half lying in Armenia and the southern in Turkey and Iran.
Armenia is subject to damaging earthquakes. On December 7, 1988, an earthquake destroyed the northwestern town of Spitak and caused severe damage to Leninakan (now Gyumri), Armenia’s second most populous city. About 25,000 people were killed.
Drainage
Of the total precipitation, some two-thirds is evaporated, and one-third percolates into the rocks, notably the volcanic rocks, which are porous and fissured. The many rivers in Armenia are short and turbulent with numerous rapids and waterfalls. The water level is highest when the snow melts in the spring and during the autumn rains. As a result of considerable difference in elevation along their length, some rivers have great hydroelectric potential.
Most of the rivers fall into the drainage area of the Aras (itself a tributary of the Kura River of the Caspian Basin), which, for 300 miles (480 kilometres), forms a natural boundary between Armenia and Turkey and Iran.
The Aras’ main left-bank tributaries, the Akhuryan (130 miles), the Hrazdan (90 miles), the Arpa (80 miles), and the Vorotan (Bargyushad; 111 miles), serve to irrigate most of Armenia. The tributaries of the Kura—the Debed (109 miles), the Aghstev (80 miles), and others—pass through Armenia’s northeastern regions. Lake Sevan, with a capacity in excess of 9 cubic miles (39 cubic kilometres) of water, is fed by dozens of rivers, but only the Hrazdan leaves its confines.
Armenia is rich in springs and wells, some of which possess medicinal properties.
Soils
More than 15 soil types occur in Armenia, including light brown alluvial soils found in the Aras River plain and the Ararat Plain, poor in humus but still intensively cultivated; rich brown soils, found at higher elevations in the hill country; and chernozem (black earth) soils, which cover much of the higher steppe region. Much of Armenia’s soil—formed partly by residues of volcanic lava—is rich in nitrogen, potash, and phosphates. The labour required to clear the surface stones and debris from the soil, however, has made farming in Armenia difficult.
Climate
Because of Armenia’s position in the deep interior of the northern part of the subtropical zone, enclosed by lofty ranges, its climate is dry and continental. Regional climatic variation is nevertheless considerable. Intense sunshine occurs on many days of the year. Summer, except in high-elevation areas, is long and hot, the average June and August temperature in the plain being 77° F (25° C); sometimes it rises to uncomfortable levels. Winter is generally not cold; the average January temperature in the plain and foothills is about 23° F (−5° C), whereas in the mountains it drops to 10° F (−12° C). Invasions of Arctic air sometimes cause the temperature to drop sharply: the record low is −51° F (−46° C). Winter is particularly inclement on the elevated, windswept plateaus. Autumn—long, mild, and sunny—is the most pleasant season.
The ranges of the Lesser Caucasus prevent humid air masses from reaching the inner regions of Armenia. On the mountain slopes, at elevations from 4,600 to 6,600 feet, yearly rainfall approaches 32 inches (800 millimetres), while the sheltered inland hollows and plains receive only 8 to 16 inches of rainfall a year.
The climate changes with elevation, ranging from the dry subtropical and dry continental types found in the plain and in the foothills up to a height of 3,000 to 4,600 feet, to the cold type above the 6,600-foot mark.
Plant and animal life
The broken relief of Armenia, together with the fact that its highland lies at the junction of various biogeographic regions, has produced a great variety of landscapes. Though a small country, Armenia boasts more plant species (in excess of 3,000) than the vast Russian Plain. There are five altitudinal vegetation zones: semidesert, steppe, forest, alpine meadow, and high-elevation tundra.
The semidesert landscape, ascending to an elevation of 4,300 to 4,600 feet, consists of a slightly rolling plain covered with scanty vegetation, mostly sagebrush. The vegetation includes drought-resisting plants such as juniper, sloe, dog rose, and honeysuckle. The boar, wildcat, jackal, adder, gurza (a venomous snake), scorpion, and, more rarely, the leopard inhabit this region.
Steppes predominate in Armenia. They start at elevations of 4,300 to 4,600 feet, and in the northeast they ascend to 6,200 to 6,600 feet. In the central region they reach 6,600 to 7,200 feet and in the south are found as high as 7,900 to 8,200 feet. In the lower elevations the steppes are covered with drought-resistant grasses, while the mountain slopes are overgrown with thorny bushes and juniper.
The forest zone lies in the southeast of Armenia, at elevations of 6,200 to 6,600 feet, where the humidity is considerable, and also in the northeast, at elevations of 7,200 to 7,900 feet. Occupying nearly one-tenth of Armenia, the northeastern forests are largely beech. Oak forests predominate in the southeastern regions, where the climate is drier, and in the lower part of the forest zone hackberry, pistachio, honeysuckle, and dogwood grow. The animal kingdom is represented by the Syrian bear, wildcat, lynx, and squirrel. Birds—woodcock, robin, warbler, titmouse, and woodpecker—are numerous.
The alpine zone lies above 6,600 feet, with stunted grass providing good summer pastures. The fauna is rich; the abundant birdlife includes the mountain turkey, horned lark, and bearded vulture, while the mountains also harbour the bezoar goat and the mountain sheep, or mouflon.
Finally, the alpine tundra, with its scant cushion plants, covers only limited mountain areas and solitary peaks.
People
Ethnic groups
Armenians constitute nearly all of the country’s population; they speak Armenian, a distinct branch of the Indo-European language family. The remainder of the population includes Kurds, Russians, and small numbers of Ukrainians, Assyrians, and other groups.
Religion
Armenia was converted to Christianity about 300 ce, becoming the first kingdom to adopt the religion after the Arsacid king Tiridates III was converted by St. Gregory the Illuminator. The Armenians have therefore maintained an ancient and rich liturgical and Christian literary tradition. Believing Armenians today belong mainly to the Armenian Apostolic (Orthodox) Church or the Armenian Catholic Church, in communion with Rome. | ||||
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"Author Dr Marcus Bunyan"
] | 2019-08-27T18:29:22+00:00 | Posts about jackson pollock written by Dr Marcus Bunyan | en | Art Blart _ art and cultural memory archive | https://artblart.com/tag/jackson-pollock/ | Exhibition dates: 30th May – 1st September 2019
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view at the Barbican Art Gallery
30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
The augur of passion, the fire of movement, the colour of the embrace!
She used to ask herself, “does it work?”, as every artist should… not seeking affirmation from others but just being focused in her own mind on what she wanted to say, on that inner experience.
She was the equal of men, surpassing most. Krasner is finally getting the accolades she so richly deserves.
Dr Marcus Bunyan
Many thankx to the Barbican Art Gallery for allowing me to publish the art work in the posting. Please click on the photographs for a larger version of the image. The black and white photographs have been digitally cleaned by myself.
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view at the Barbican Art Gallery
30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Untitled
1946
Collection of Bobbi and Walter Zifkin
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Photo: Jonathan Urban
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Abstract No. 2
1947
IVAM Centre, Spain
Courtesy IVAM
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Mosaic Table
1947
Private Collection
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation. Courtesy Michael Rosenfeld Gallery LLC, New York
The cold winter on Long Island, where Krasner and Pollock were now living, forced her to work downstairs by the stove, where she made two brilliantly coloured mosaic tables using wagon wheels she found in the barn.
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Composition 1949 and Stop and Go c. 1949
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Installation view with Stop and Go c. 1949
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Blue Level
1955
Private Collection
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Photo: Diego Flores
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Desert Moon
1955
Los Angeles County Museum of Art
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
© 2018 Digital Image Museum Associates/ LACMA/Art Resource NY/ Scala, Florence
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Bald Eagle
1955
Collection of Audrey Irmas, Los Angeles
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Photo: Jonathan Urban
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Bird Talk 1955 and Bald Eagle 1955
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Bird Talk 1955
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Prophecy
1956
Private Collection
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Courtesy Kasmin Gallery, New York
Photo: Christopher Stach
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Embrace
1956
Photograph © The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Photo: Christopher Stach
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Embrace 1956
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
“I like a canvas to breathe and be alive. Be alive is the point.”
“Painting is a revelation, an act of love… as a painter I can’t experience it any other way.”
“I was a woman, Jewish, a widow, a damn good painter, thank you, and a little too independent…”
“Aesthetically I am very much Lee Krasner. I am undergoing emotional, psychological, and artistic changes but I hold Lee Krasner right through.”
“Painting is not separate from life. It is one. It is like asking – do I want to live? My answer is yes – and I paint.”
“I couldn’t run out and do a one-woman job on the sexist aspects of the art world, continue my painting, and stay in the role I was in as Mrs Pollock… What I considered important was that I was able to work and other things would have to take their turn.”
“Jackson always treated me as an artist… he always acknowledged, was aware of what I was doing… I was a painter before I knew him, and he knew that, and when we were together, I couldn’t have stayed with him one day if he didn’t treat me as a painter.”
“[The Surrealists] treated their women like French poodles, and it sort of rubbed off on the Abstract Expressionists. The exceptions were Bradley Walker Tomlin, Franz Kline, and Jackson Pollock. That might be the end of my listing. The other big boys just didn’t treat me at all. I wasn’t there for them as an artist.”
“I go on the assumption that the artist is a highly sensitive, intellectual and aware human being… It’s a total experience which has to do with the sensitivity of being a painter. The painter’s form of expressing [them]self is through painting.”
Lee Krasner
“… their blossoming was remarkable. In fact “blossoming” is hardly the word, for it suggests a soft, floral, ethereal event, adjectives one would not pick for the tough paintings, often full of barely controlled anger, that she was to produce after 1960… Is there a less “feminine” woman artist of her generation? Probably not.”
Robert Hughes
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with The Eye is the First Circle 1960
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Polar Stampede
1960
The Doris and Donald Fisher Collection at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Courtesy Kasmin Gallery, New York
Polar Stampede 1960, one of a series of paintings she made at night during bouts of insomnia and which her friend, the poet Richard Howard, called her ‘Night Journeys’
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
The Guardian
1960
Oil and house paint on canvas
53 1/8 × 58 1/8 in. (134.9 × 147.6cm)
Whitney Museum of American Art
Purchase, with funds from the Uris Brothers Foundation, Inc.
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Assault on the Solar Plexus 1961
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Through Blue
1963
Private Collection, New York City
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Photo: Christopher Stach
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Through Blue 1963
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Another Storm 1963
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Another Storm
1963
Private Collection
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Courtesy Kasmin Gallery, New York
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Icarus
1964
Thomson Family Collection, New York
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Courtesy Kasmin Gallery, New York
Photo: Diego Flores
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Chrysalis 1964 and Icarus 1964
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Combat 1965
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Siren
1966
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Photo: Cathy Carver, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Untitled
1969
The Pollock-Krasner Foundation, New York City
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Courtesy Kasmin Gallery, New York
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Portrait in Green 1969
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner, who died in 1984, at work in her studio in the 60s, painting Portrait in Green
Photo: Mark Patiky
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Palingenesis 1971
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Palingenesis
1971
Collection Pollock-Krasner Foundation
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Courtesy Kasmin Gallery, New York
Palingenesis noun Biology: the exact reproduction of ancestral characteristics in ontogenesis (the development of an individual organism or anatomical or behavioural feature from the earliest stage to maturity).
When Krasner showed 12 new paintings at the Marlborough Gallery in New York the critic Robert Hughes described this pink as rapping ‘hotly on the eyeball at 50 paces’.
Lee Krasner: Living Colour
Installation view with Olympic 1974
Barbican Art Gallery 30 May – 1 September 2019
© Tristan Fewings/Getty Images
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Imperative
1976
National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C
Barbican Art Gallery is pleased to stage the first retrospective in Europe for over 50 years of American artist Lee Krasner (1908-1984). One of the pioneers of Abstract Expressionism, Krasner made work reflecting the feeling of possibility and experiment in New York in the post-war period. Lee Krasner: Living Colour features nearly 100 works – many on show in the UK for the first time – from across her 50-year career, and tells the story of a formidable artist whose importance has often been eclipsed by her marriage to Jackson Pollock.
The exhibition celebrates Krasner’s spirit for invention – including striking early self-portraits; a body of energetic charcoal life drawings; original photographs of her proposed department store window displays, designed during the war effort; and her acclaimed ‘Little Image’ paintings from the 1940s with their tightly controlled geometries. It also features collages comprised of torn-up earlier work and a selection of her most impressive large-scale abstract paintings. This work is accompanied by rare photography and film from the period, in an elegant exhibition design by David Chipperfield Architects.
Jane Alison, Head of Visual Arts, Barbican, said: ‘We are thrilled to be staging Lee Krasner: Living Colour. Despite featuring in museum collections around the world and being one of the few women to have had a solo show at New York’s Museum of Modern Art, in 1984, Krasner has not received the recognition that she deserves in Europe, making this an exciting opportunity for visitors here to experience the sheer impact of her work’.
Krasner was determined to find new ways to capture inner experience. As the playwright Edward Albee commented at her memorial at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in both her life and her work, ‘… she looked you straight in the eye, and you dared not flinch’. Born in Brooklyn in 1908 in a family recently emigrated from Russia, she chose to attend Washington Irving High School (which at the time was the only school in New York to offer an art course for girls) before going on to study at the National Academy of Design. She was inspired by the opening of MoMA in 1929; joined the Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts, where she made lifelong friends including renowned designer Ray Eames; was a member of the American Abstract Artists; and became a friend to many leading artists of the day including Willem de Kooning and Franz Kline.
In 1945, Krasner married Jackson Pollock and they moved to Springs, Long Island, borrowing $2000 from collector and dealer Peggy Guggenheim to buy a run-down clapboard farmhouse. Krasner worked in the living room and then an upstairs bedroom – intimate make-shift studio spaces, which are mirrored in the Barbican Art Gallery’s upstairs rooms – while Pollock worked in a converted barn outside. After Pollock’s early death in a car crash in 1956, Krasner made the courageous decision to claim his studio as her own, which allowed her to work for the first time on large, un-stretched canvas tacked to the wall. The result would be the remarkable ‘Umber’ and ‘Primary’ series paintings, in which her exploration of scale, biomorphic form and colour collided into some of her most celebrated work. Examples on show include The Guardian, 1960; Happy Lady, 1963; Icarus, 1964; and Siren, 1966.
Lee Krasner: Living Colour draws from more than 50 international collections: from museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the National Gallery of Washington, the Whitney Museum of American Art, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Jewish Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts Houston, as well as from a large number of private collections. Many works are being exhibited in Europe for the first time, such as the monumental Combat (1965), which is over 4 metres long, and has travelled from the National Gallery of Victoria in Australia.
The exhibition is curated and organised by Barbican Centre, London, in collaboration with Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt, Zentrum Paul Klee, Bern and Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.
Press release from the Barbican Art Gallery website [Online] Cited 14 June 2019
Unknown Photographer
Lee Krasner and her younger sister, Ruth
c. 1915-1916
“I was brought up to be independent. I made no economic demands on my parents so in turn they let me be… I was not pressured by them, I was free to study art. It was the best thing that could have happened.” ~ Lee Krasner
Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984)
Self-Portrait
c. 1928
The Jewish Museum, New York
© The Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Courtesy the Jewish Museum, New York
Unknown photographer
Lee Krasner
c. 1938
Gelatin silver print
Maurice Berezov (American, 1902-1989)
Lee Krasner in her New York studio
1939
Gelatin silver print
© Copyright A.E. Artworks, LLC
Fred Prater
Lee Krasner at the WPA Pier, New York City, where she was working on a WPA commission
c. 1940
Gelatin silver print
Lee Krasner Papers, c. 1905-1984
Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
Lee Krasner photo booth images
1940s-1950s?
With Jackson Pollock in Springs, London Island, 1949
Photo: Wilfred Zogbaum
“She would ask me to the studio. One didn’t just go there. One waited for an invitation. But she didn’t talk about her painting. The most distinct thing for her was the question: does it work? That was the big way that she thought. She wasn’t insecure about it. She wasn’t asking my opinion. She was asking herself.
“She had a very strong conviction about herself as a painter. She saw her own worth. She saw herself as equal to the men. She didn’t have the attention Pollock had, but she’d grown inured to that. Lee knew all about brands: she was Mrs Pollock, and sometimes she took advantage of it. But she also had great feeling for him as a painter. He wasn’t an easy person, but she never disparaged him, and he never disparaged her, either. The most powerful attraction between them was their intellectual acknowledgement of each other.”
Krasner’s nephew Jason McCoy quoted in Rachel Cooke. “Reframing Lee Krasner, the artist formerly known as Mrs Pollock,” on The Guardian website Sunday 12 May 2019 [Online] Cited 22 June 2019
Halley Erskine
Lee Krasner standing on a ladder in front of ‘The Gate’ (1959) before it was completed, Springs, July or August 1959
1959
Gelatin silver print
Hans Namuth (German, 1915-1990)
Lee Krasner in her studio in the barn, Springs
1962
Gelatin silver print
Lee Krasner Papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Irving Penn (American, 1917-2009)
Lee Krasner, Springs, NY
1972
Gelatin silver print
© The Irving Penn Foundation
Barbican Art Gallery
Barbican Centre
Silk Street, London, EC2Y 8DS
Opening hours:
Sat – Wed 10am – 6pm (last entry 5pm)
Thu – Fri 10am – 8pm (last entry 7pm)
Bank Holidays 12 – 6pm (last entry 5pm)
Barbican Art Gallery website
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Exhibition dates: 2nd May – 14th October 2018
Curators: Simon Baker, Senior Curator, International Art (Photography) and Shoair Mavlian, Assistant Curator, Tate Modern, with Emmanuelle de l’Ecotais, Curator for Photographs
Pierre Dubreuil (French, 1872-1944)
Interpretation Picasso, The Railway
1911
Gelatin silver print on paper
238 x 194mm
Centre Pompidou, Paris
Musée National d’Art Moderne / Centre de Création Industrielle
Purchased, 1987
An interesting premise –
“a premise is an assumption that something is true. In logic, an argument requires a set of (at least) two declarative sentences (or “propositions”) known as the premises or premisses along with another declarative sentence (or “proposition”) known as the conclusion” (Wikipedia)
– that the stories (the declarative sentences) of abstract art and abstract photography are intertwined (the conclusion). The two premises and one conclusion forms the basic argumentative structure of the exhibition.
Unfortunately in this exhibition, the abstract art and abstract photographs (declarations), seem to add up to less than the sum of its parts (conclusion).
Why is this so?
The reason these two bedfellows sit so uncomfortably together is that they are of a completely different order, one to the other.
Take painting for example. There is that ultimate linkage between brain, eye and hand as the artist “reaches out” into the unknown, and conjures an abstract representation from his imagination. This has a quality beyond my recognition. The closest that photography gets to this intuition is the cameraless Photogram, as the artist paints with light, from his imagination, onto the paper surface, the physical presence of the print.
Conversely, we grapple with the dual nature of photography, its relation to reality, to the real, and its interpretation of that reality through a physical, mechanical process – light entering a camera (metal, glass, digital chips, plastic film) to be developed in chemicals or on the computer, stored as a physical piece of paper or in binary code – but then we LOOK and FEEL what else a photograph can be. What it is, and what else it can be.
Initially, to take a photograph is to recognise something physical in the world which can then be abstracted. Here is a tree, a Platonic ideal, now here is the bark of the tree, or cracks in dried mud, or Aaron Siskind’s Pleasures and Terrors of Levitation in which, in our imagination, the body is no longer human. This archaeology of photography is a learnt behaviour (from the world, from abstract paintings) where ones learns to turn over the truth to something else, a recognition of something else. Where one digs a clod of earth, inspects it, and then turns it over to see what else it can be.
We can look at something in the world just for what it is and take a photograph of it, but then we can look at the same object for what else it can be (for example, Man Ray’s image Dust Breeding (1920), which is actually dust motes on the top of Duchamp’s Large Glass). Photographers love these possibilities within the physicality of the medium, its processes and outcomes. Photographers love changing scale, perspective, distortion using their intuition to perhaps uncover spiritual truths. Here I are not talking about making doodles – whoopee look what I can make as a photographer! it’s important because I can do it and show it and I said it’s important because I am an artist! the problem with lots of contemporary photography – it is something entirely different. It is the integrity of the emotional and intellectual process.
Not a reaching out through the arm and hand, but an unearthing (a reaching in?) of the possibilities of what else photography can be (other than a recording process). As Stieglitz understood in his Equivalents, and so Minor White espoused through his art and in one of his three canons:
When the image mirrors the man
And the man mirrors the subject
Something might take over
And that revelation is something completely different from the revelation of abstract art.
Dr Marcus Bunyan
Many thankx to the Tate Modern for allowing me to publish the art work in the posting. Please click on the photographs for a larger version of the image.
For the first time, Tate Modern tells the intertwined stories of photography and abstract art. The birth of abstract art and the invention of photography were both defining moments in modern visual culture, but these two stories are often told separately.
Shape of Light is the first major exhibition to explore the relationship between the two, spanning the century from the 1910s to the present day. It brings to life the innovation and originality of photographers over this period, and shows how they responded and contributed to the development of abstraction.
Key photographs are brought together from pioneers including Man Ray and Alfred Stieglitz, major contemporary artists such as Barbara Kasten and Thomas Ruff, right up to exciting new work by Antony Cairns, Maya Rochat and Daisuke Yokota, made especially for the exhibition.
“Despite its roll call of stellar names, the show’s adrenaline soon slumps. A rhythm sets in, as each gallery offers perhaps a single non photographic work and dozens of medium format black and white abstracts arranged on an allied theme: extreme close ups, engineered structures, worms’ and birds’ eye views, moving light, the human body, urban fabric.
Individually each photograph is quite wonderful, but they echo each other so closely in their authors’ attraction to diagonal arrangements, rich surface textures, dramatic shadows, odd perspectives and close cropping, that the same ‘point’ is being made a dozen times with little to distinguish between the variants. …
By the present day, abstract photography has given in to its already Ouroboros-like tendencies, and swallowed itself whole, offering abstract photographs about the process of photography, and the action of light on its materials. This is a gesture I relished in Wolfgang Tillmans’s show in the same space this time last year, when it was broken up by a plethora of other ideas and perspectives on photography. Here it feels like another level of earnest self-absorption with a century-long backstory.”
Hettie Judah. “By halfway round I actually felt faint,” on the iNews website May 5th 2018 [Online] Cited 14/07/2018. No longer available online
Shape of Light | First Look
Tate Curator, Simon Baker, meets Caroline von Courten from leading photography Magazine, Foam. Together they explore the exhibition Shape of Light: 100 Years of Photography and Abstract Art at Tate Modern.
Exhibition Review – Shape of Light: 100 years of Photography and Abstract Art at Tate Modern
Wyndham Lewis (British, 1882-1957)
Workshop (installation view)
c. 1914-1915
Tate
Purchased 1974
© Wyndham Lewis and the estate of Mrs G A Wyndham Lewis by kind permission of the Wyndham Lewis Memorial Trust (a registered charity)
Percy Wyndham Lewis (18 November 1882 – 7 March 1957) was a British writer, painter, and critic. He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art and edited BLAST, the literary magazine of the Vorticists.
His novels include Tarr (1918) and The Human Age trilogy, composed of The Childermass (1928), Monstre Gai (1955) and Malign Fiesta (1955). A fourth volume, titled The Trial of Man, was unfinished at the time of his death. He also wrote two autobiographical volumes: Blasting and Bombardiering (1937) and Rude Assignment: A Narrative of my Career Up-to-Date (1950).
Paul Strand (American, 1890-1976)
Abstraction Bowls, Twin Lakes, Connecticut
1916
Silver gelatin print
Alvin Langdon Coburn (American, 1882-1966)
Vortograph
1917
Gelatin silver print on paper
283 x 214mm
Courtesy of the George Eastman Museum NY
© The Universal Order
Installation view of the exhibition Shape of Light: 100 Years of Photography and Abstract Art at Tate Modern, London showing László Moholy-Nagy’s K VII at centre
Photo: © Tate / Andrew Dunkley
László Moholy-Nagy (Hungarian, 1895-1946)
K VII
1922
Oil paint and graphite on canvas
Frame: 1308 x 1512 x 80mm
Tate
Purchased 1961
The ‘K’ in the title of K VII stands for the German word Konstruktion (‘construction’), and the painting’s ordered, geometrical forms are typical of Moholy-Nagy’s technocratic Utopianism. The year after it was painted, he was appointed to teach the one year-preliminary course at the recently founded Bauhaus in Weimar. Moholy-Nagy’s appointment signalled a major shift in the school’s philosophy away from its earlier crafts ethos towards a closer alignment with the demands of modern industry, and a programme of simple design and unadorned functionalism.
Gallery label, April 2012
Man Ray (American, 1890-1976)
Rayograph
1922
Gelatin silver print on paper
Private Collection
© Man Ray Trust/ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2018
El Lissitzky (Russian, 1890-1941)
Proun in Material (Proun 83)
1924
Gelatin silver print on paper
140 x 102mm
© Imogen Cunningham Trust. All rights reserved
László Moholy-Nagy (Hungarian, 1895-1946)
Photogram
c. 1925
Gelatin silver print on paper
Photo: Jack Kirkland Collection, Nottingham
Wassily Kandinsky (Russian, 1866-1944)
Swinging
1925
Oil paint on board
705 x 502mm
Tate
Edward Steichen (American, 1879-1973)
Bird in Space (L’Oiseau dans l’espace)
1926
Gelatin silver print on paper
253 x 202mm
Bequest of Constantin Brancusi, 1957
Centre Pompidou, Paris
Musée National d’Art Moderne / Centre de Création Industrielle
Installation view of the exhibition Shape of Light: 100 Years of Photography and Abstract Art at Tate Modern, London showing at centre, Constantin Brancusi’s bronze and stone sculpture Maiastra (1911)
Photo: © Tate / Andrew Dunkley
Imogen Cunningham (American, 1883-1976)
Triangles
1928, printed 1947-1960
Gelatin silver print on paper
119 x 93mm
Pierre Brahm
© Imogen Cunningham Trust. All rights reserved
Joan Miró (Spanish, 1893-1983)
Painting
1927
Tempera and oil paint on canvas
972 x 1302mm
Tate
© Succession Miro/ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2018
Man Ray (American, 1890-1976)
Anatomies
1930
Photo: © Man Ray Trust/ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2016
Aleksandr Rodchenko (Russian, 1891-1956)
Radio Station Power
1929
Gelatin silver print on paper
Lent by Jack Kirkland Collection, Nottingham
© A. Rodchenko and V. Stepanova Archive. DACS, RAO 2018
László Moholy-Nagy (Hungarian, 1895-1946)
Xanti Schawinsky on the balcony of the Bauhaus
1929
Gelatin silver print on paper
Luo Bonian (Chinese, 1911-2002)
Untitled
1930s
Gelatin silver print on paper
Courtesy The Three Shadows Photography Art Centre, Beijing
© Luo Bonian
Marta Hoepffner (German, 1912-2000)
Homage to de Falla
1937
Gelatin silver print on paper
387 x 278mm
Stadtmuseum Hofheim am Taunus
© Estate Marta Hoepffner
Nathan Lerner (American, 1913-1997)
Light Tapestry
1939
Gelatin silver print on paper
401 x 504mm
Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
Gift of Mrs Kiyoko Lerner, 2014
Photo: Nathan Lerner/© ARS, NY and DACS, London
Luigi Veronesi (Italian, 1908-1998)
Construction
1938
Gelatin silver print on paper
286 x 388mm
Tate
Accepted under the Cultural Gifts Scheme by HM Government from Massimo Prelz Oltramonti and allocated to Tate 2015
Luigi Veronesi (Italian, 1908-1998)
Photo n.145
1940, printed 1970s
Gelatin silver print on paper
310 x 280mm
Tate
Accepted under the Cultural Gifts Scheme by HM Government from Massimo Prelz Oltramonti and allocated to Tate 2015
Luigi Veronesi (Italian, 1908-1998)
Photo n.152
1940, printed 1970s
Gelatin silver print on paper
320 x 298mm
Tate
Accepted under the Cultural Gifts Scheme by HM Government from Massimo Prelz Oltramonti and allocated to Tate 2015
A major new exhibition at Tate Modern will reveal the intertwined stories of photography and abstract art. Shape of Light: 100 Years of Photography and Abstract Art will be the first show of this scale to explore photography in relation to the development of abstraction, from the early experiments of the 1910s to the digital innovations of the 21st century. Featuring over 300 works by more than 100 artists, the exhibition will explore the history of abstract photography side-by-side with iconic paintings and sculptures.
Shape of Light will place moments of radical innovation in photography within the wider context of abstract art, such as Alvin Langdon Coburn’s pioneering ‘vortographs’ from 1917. This relationship between media will be explored through the juxtaposition of works by painters and photographers, such as cubist works by George Braque and Pierre Dubreuil or the abstract expressionism of Jackson Pollock and Otto Steinert’s ‘luminograms’. Abstractions from the human body associated with surrealism will include André Kertesz’s Distorsions, Imogen Cunningham’s Triangles and Bill Brandt’s Baie des Anges, Frances 1958, exhibited together with a major painting by Joan Miró. Elsewhere the focus will be on artists whose practice spans diverse media, such as László Moholy-Nagy and Man Ray.
The exhibition will also acknowledge the impact of MoMA’s landmark photography exhibition of 1960, The Sense of Abstraction. Installation photographs of this pioneering show will be displayed with some of the works originally featured in the exhibition, including important works by Edward Weston, Aaron Siskind and a series by Man Ray that has not been exhibited since the MoMA show, 58 years ago.
The connections between breakthroughs in photography and new techniques in painting will be examined, with rooms devoted to Op Art and Kinetic Art from the 1960s, featuring striking paintings by Bridget Riley and installations of key photographic works from the era by artists including Floris Neussis and Gottfried Jaeger. Rooms will also be dedicated to the minimal and conceptual practices of the 1970s and 80s. The exhibition will culminate in a series of new works by contemporary artists, Tony Cairns, Maya Rochat and Daisuke Yokota, exploring photography and abstraction today.
Shape of Light is curated by Simon Baker, Senior Curator, International Art (Photography) and Shoair Mavlian, Assistant Curator, Tate Modern, with Emmanuelle de l’Ecotais, Curator for Photographs, Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. The exhibition will be accompanied by a fully illustrated catalogue from Tate Publishing and a programme of talks and events in the gallery.
Press release from Tate Modern
Otto Steinert (German, 1915-1978)
Composition of Forms
1949
Gelatin silver print on paper
290 x 227mm
Jack Kirkland Collection, Nottingham
Guy Bourdin (French, 1928-1991)
Untitled
1952
Gelatin silver print on paper
277 x 164mm
Purchased with funds provided by the Photography Acquisitions Committee 2015
© The Guy Bourdin Estate
Guy Bourdin (French, 1928-1991)
Untitled
1952
Gelatin silver print on paper
232 x 169mm
Purchased with funds provided by the Photography Acquisitions Committee 2015
© The Guy Bourdin Estate
Guy Bourdin (French, 1928-1991)
Untitled
c. 1950s
Gelatin silver print on paper
239 x 179mm
Purchased with funds provided by the Photography Acquisitions Committee 2015
© The Guy Bourdin Estate
Untitled c.1950s is a black and white photograph by the French photographer Guy Bourdin. The entirety of the frame is taken up by a close-up of peeling paint. The paint sections fragment the image into uneven geometric shapes, which are interrupted by a strip of the dark surface beneath that winds from the top to the bottom of the frame. There is little sense of scale or contextual detail, resulting in a near-abstract composition.
Bourdin is best known for his experimental colour fashion photography produced while working for French Vogue between 1955 and 1977. This photograph belongs to an earlier period of experimentation, before he began to use colour and work in fashion. Taken outside the studio, it shows Bourdin’s sensitivity to the natural world and his attempt to transform the everyday into abstract compositions, bridging the gap between surrealism and subjective photography. Bourdin’s early work was heavily influenced by surrealism, as well as by pioneers of photography as a fine art such as Edward Weston, Paul Strand and Bill Brandt. His surrealist aesthetic can be attributed to his close relationship with Man Ray, who wrote the foreword to the catalogue for Bourdin’s first solo exhibition of black and white photographs at Galerie 29, Paris, in 1952.
This and other early works in Tate’s collection (such as Untitled (Sotteville, Normandy) c. 1950s, Tate P81205, and Solange 1957, Tate P81216) are typical of Subjektive Fotografie (‘subjective photography’), a tendency in the medium in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Led by the German photographer and teacher Otto Steinert, who organised three exhibitions under the title Subjektive Fotografie in 1951, 1954 and 1958, the movement advocated artistic self-expression – in the form of the artist’s creative approach to composition, processing and developing – above factual representation. Subjektive Fotografie’s emphasis on, and encouragement of, individual perspectives invited both the photographer and the viewer to interpret and reflect on the world through images. Bourdin’s interest in this can be seen in his early use of texture and abstraction, evident in close-up studies of cracked paint peeling off an external wall or a piece of torn fabric. These still lives were often dark in subject matter and tone, highlighting Bourdin’s interest in surrealist compositions and the intersection between death and sexuality. The works made use of the photographer’s urban environment, with deep black and high contrast printing techniques employed to create a sombre mood.
This approach was also important for Bourdin’s early portraiture, which anticipated his subsequent work in fashion. The subject of his portraits – often Solange Gèze, to whom the artist was married from 1961 until her death in 1971 – is usually framed subtly, rarely appearing in the centre or as the main focus of the image. In these works the figure is secondary, showing how Bourdin let the natural or urban environment frame the subject and integrate the body into its immediate surroundings. Bourdin was meticulous about the creative process from start to finish, sketching out images on paper and then recreating them in the landscape, using the natural environment as a stage set for his work.
Shoair Mavlian
August 2014
Jackson Pollock (American, 1912-1956)
Number 23
1948
Enamel on gesso on paper
575 x 784mm
Tate: Presented by the Friends of the Tate Gallery (purchased out of funds provided by Mr and Mrs H.J. Heinz II and H.J. Heinz Co. Ltd) 1960
© ARS, NY and DACS, London 2018
Installation view of the exhibition Shape of Light: 100 Years of Photography and Abstract Art at Tate Modern, London showing at left Jackson Pollock’s Number 23 (1948, above)
Photo: © Tate / Sepharina Neville
Installation view of the exhibition Shape of Light: 100 Years of Photography and Abstract Art at Tate Modern, London showing at top left, Nathan Lerner’s Light Tapestry; and at centre right, Otto Steinert’s Luminogram II (1952, below)
Photo: © Tate / Sepharina Neville
Otto Steinert (German, 1915-1978)
Luminogram II
1952
Gelatin silver print on paper
302 x 401mm
Jack Kirkland Collection Nottingham
© Estate Otto Steinert, Museum Folkwang, Essen
Brett Weston (American, 1911-1993)
Mud Cracks
1955
Silver gelatin print
203 x 254mm
Lent by the Tate Americas Foundation, courtesy of Christian Keesee Collection 2013
© The Brett Weston Archive/CORBIS
Peter Keetman (German, 1916-2005)
Steel Pipes, Maximilian Smelter
1958
Gelatin silver print on paper
508 x 427mm
F.C. Gundlach Foundation
Man Ray (American, 1890-1976)
Unconcerned Photograph
1959
Museum of Modern Art, New York
© Man Ray Trust/ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2018
Jacques Mahé de la Villeglé (French, 1926-2022)
Jazzmen
1961
Printed papers on canvas
2170 x 1770mm
Presented by the Friends of the Tate Gallery 2000
© Jacques Mahé de la Villeglé
The Jazzmen is a section of what Jacques Villeglé termed affiches lacérées, posters torn down from the walls of Paris. These particular ones were taken on 10 December 1961. Following his established practice, Villeglé removed the section from a billboard and, having mounted it on canvas, presented it as a work of art. In ‘Des Réalités collectives’ of 1958 (‘Collective Realities’, reprinted in 1960: Les Nouveaux Réalistes, pp. 259-60) he acknowledged that he occasionally tore the surface of the posters himself, although he subsequently restricted interventions to repairs during the mounting process. The large blue and green advertisements for Radinola (at the top right and lower left) provide the main visible surface for The Jazzmen. These establish a compositional unity for the accumulated layers. Overlaid are fragmentary music posters and fly-posters, some dated to September 1961, including the images of the red guitarists that lend the work its title. The artist’s records give the source as rue de Tolbiac, a thoroughfare in the 13th arrondissement in south-east Paris. Villeglé usually uses the street as his title, but has suggested (interview with the author, February 2000) that the title The Jazzmen may have been invented for the work’s inclusion in the exhibition L’Art du jazz (Musée Galliera, Paris 1967).
Villeglé worked together with Raymond Hains (b. 1926) in presenting torn posters as works of art. They collaborated on such works as Ach Alma Manetro, 1949 (Musée nationale d’art moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris), in which typography dominates the composition. They first showed their affiches lacérées in May 1957 at the Galerie Colette Allendy, Paris, in a joint exhibition named Loi du 29 juillet 1881 ou le lyrisme à la sauvette (The Law of 29 July 1881 or Lyricism through Salvage) in reference to the law forbidding fly-posting. Villeglé sees a social complexity in the developments in the style, typography and subject of the source posters. He also considers the processes of the overlaying and the pealing of the posters by passers-by to be a manifestation of a liberated art of the street. Both aspects are implicitly political. As Villeglé points out, anonymity differentiates the torn posters from the collages of the Cubists or of the German artist Kurt Schwitters. In ‘Des Réalités collectives’ Villeglé wrote: ‘To collages, which originate in the interplay of many possible attitudes, the affiches lacérées, as a spontaneous manifestation, oppose their immediate vivacity’. He saw the results as extending the conceptual basis of Marcel Duchamp’s readymades, whereby an object selected by an artist is declared as art. However, this reduction of the artist’s traditional role brought an end to Villeglé’s collaboration with Hains, who held more orthodox views of creative invention.
In 1960 Villeglé, Hains and François Dufrêne (1930-1982), who also used torn posters, joined the Nouveaux Réalistes group gathered by the critic Pierre Restany (b.1930). Distinguished by the use of very disparate materials and techniques, the Nouveaux Réalistes – who also included Arman (b.1928), Yves Klein (1928-1962) and Jean Tinguely (1925-1991) – were united by what Villeglé has called their ‘distance from the act of painting’ as characterised by the dominant abstraction of the period (interview February 2000). In this way, Klein’s monochrome paintings (see Tate T01513) and Villeglé’s affiches lacérées (lacerated posters) conform to the group’s joint declaration of 27 October 1960: ‘The Nouveaux Réalistes have become aware of their collective singularity. Nouveau Réalisme = new perceptual approaches to reality.’ The Jazzmen, of the following year, embodies Villeglé’s understanding of his ‘singularity’ as a conduit for anonymous public expression.
Matthew Gale
June 2000
Edward Ruscha (American, b. 1937)
Gilmore Drive-In Theater – 6201 W. Third St.
1967, printed 2013
Gelatin silver prints on paper
356 x 279mm
Courtesy Ed Ruscha and Gagosian Gallery
© Ed Ruscha
Installation view of the exhibition Shape of Light: 100 Years of Photography and Abstract Art at Tate Modern, London
Photo: © Tate / Andrew Dunkley
Installation view of the exhibition Shape of Light: 100 Years of Photography and Abstract Art at Tate Modern, London showing Gregorio Vardanega’s Circular Chromatic Spaces 1967. Musée d’Art moderne de la Ville de Paris
Photo: © Tate / Andrew Dunkley
John Divola (American, b. 1949)
74V11
1974
Silver gelatin print
Jack Kirkland Collection, Nottingham
© John Divola
Barbara Kasten (American, b. 1936)
Photogenic Painting, Untitled 74/13 (ID187)
1974
Salted paper print
558 x 762mm
Courtesy the artist, Thomas Dane Gallery and Bortolami Gallery, New York
© Barbara Kasten
James Welling (American, b. 1951)
Untitled
1986
C-print on paper
254 x 203mm
Jack Kirkland Collection, Nottingham
© James Welling. Courtesy the artist and David Zwirner, New York/London/Hong Kong and Maureen Paley, London
Installation view of the exhibition Shape of Light: 100 Years of Photography and Abstract Art at Tate Modern, London showing Sigmar Polke’s Untitled (Uranium Green) 1992. Hans Georg Näder © The Estate of Sigmar Polke / VG Bild-Kunst Bonn and DACS London, 2018
Photo: © Tate / Seraphina Neville
Sigmar Polke (German, 1941-1910)
Untitled (Uranium Green) (detail)
1992
10 Photographs, C-print on paper
Image, each: 610 x 508mm
The Estate of Sigmar Polke / VG Bild-Kunst Bonn 2017
Photo: Adam Reich/The Estate of Sigmar Polke / VG Bild-Kunst Bonn and DACS London, 2018
Daisuke Yokota (Japanese, b. 1983)
Untitled
2014
from Abstracts series
© Daisuke Yokota
Courtesy of the artist and Jean-Kenta Gauthier Gallery
Process is at the core of Yokota’s photographs. For his black-and-white work, such as the series Linger or Site/Cloud, Yokota sifts through an archive of more than 10 years of photographs in his Tokyo apartment. When he finds something that speaks to him – a nude figure, a chair, a building, a grove of trees – he makes a digital image of it, develops it, and rephotographs the image up to 15 times, until it becomes increasingly degraded. He develops the film in ways that are intentionally “incorrect,” allowing light to leak in, or singeing the negatives, using boiling water, or acetic acid. The purported subject fades, and shadows, textures, spots and other sorts of visual noise emerge. For his recent colour work, trippy, sensual abstractions, the process is similar, except that it is cameraless; he doesn’t start with a preexisting image. “I wanted to focus on the emulsion, on the different textures, more than on a subject being photographed,” says Yokota.
IN THE STUDIO
Daisuke Yokota
By Jean Dykstra
November – December 2015. No longer available online
Antony Cairns (British, b. 1980)
LDN5_051
2017
Courtesy of the artist
© Antony Cairns
Installation view of the exhibition Shape of Light: 100 Years of Photography and Abstract Art at Tate Modern, London showing the installation A Rock Is A River, 2018 by the artist Maya Rochat. Courtesy Lily Robert and VITRINE, London | Basel © Maya Rochat
Photo: © Tate / Sepharina Neville
Maya Rochat (German, b. 1985)
A Rock is a River (META CARROTS)
2017
Courtesy Lily Robert
© Maya Rochat
Maya Rochat (German, b. 1985)
A Rock is a River (META RIVER)
2017
Courtesy Lily Robert
© Maya Rochat
Tate Modern
Bankside
London SE1 9TG
United Kingdom
Opening hours:
Daily 10am – 5pm
Tate Modern website
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Exhibition dates: 29th April – 14 August 2016
Curator: Geoffrey Batchen
Installation view of the exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery with at left, Christian Marclay and at right, Hiroshi Sugimoto
Part 2 of a posting on the wonderful exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery / Len Lye Centre, New Plymouth, New Zealand.
While there is no doubt as to the quality and breadth of the work on display, nor how it has been curated or installed in these beautiful contemporary spaces, I question elements of the conceptual rationale that ground the exhibition. While curator Geoffrey Batchen correctly notes that “artists are coming back to the most basic and elemental chemistry of photography, hands on, making unique images where there is a direct relationship between the thing being imaged and then image itself” as a response to the dematerialisation of the image that occurs in a digital environment and the proliferation of reproductions of digital images his assertion in a Radio New Zealand interview that the cameraless photograph has a direct relationship to the world, unmediated – through the unique touch of the object on the photographic paper – is an observation that seems a little disingenuous.
Batchen observes in the quotation below, “it’s as if nature represents itself, completely unmediated and directly. In some ways … [this] is far more realist, far more true to the original object than any camera picture could be.” Note how he qualifies his assertion and position by the statement “in some ways”. The reality of the situation is that every photograph is mediated to one degree or another, whether through the use of the camera, the choice of developer, photographic paper, size, perspective and so forth. The physicality of the actual print and the context of capture and display are also mediated, in each instance and on every occasion. Every photograph is mediated through the choices of the photographer, even more so in the production of cameraless photographs (what to choose to photograph, where to position the object, what to draw with the light) because the artist has the ultimate control on what is being pictured (unlike the reality of the world). To say that cameraless photographs have a more direct and unmediated relationship to the world than analogue and digital photographs could not be further from the truth – it is just that the taxonomic system of ordering “reality” is of a different order.
Batchen further states in the Radio new Zealand interview that “in these photographs the object is still there, that’s the strange thing about cameraless photographs. There is a sense of presentness to this kind of photograph. … Cameraless photographs seem to exist in a kind of eternal present, and in that sense they complicate our understanding both of photography but also to the world that is being represented here.”
This is a contentious observation that argues for some special state of being that exists within the cameraless photograph which I believe does not exist. I argue that EVERY photograph possesses the POSSIBILITY of a sense of presentness of the object being photographed (whether it be landscape, portrait, street, abstract, etc…). It just depends whether the photographer is attuned to what is present before their eyes, whether they are attuned to the mediation of the camera and whether the print reveals what has been captured in the negative. Minor White’s “revelation of spirit”. A “hands on” process does not guarantee a more meaningful form of photographic authenticity, or cameraless photographs possess some inherent authentic reality (the appeal to the aura of the object, Benjamin), any more than analogue or digitally reproduced photographs do. They are all representations of a mediated reality in one form or another. Some photographs will simply not capture that “presence” no matter how hard you try, be they cameraless or not. Further, every photograph exists in an eternal present, bringing past time to present and, in the process of existence, transcending time. In this regard, to claim special status for cameraless photographs is a particularly incongruous and elliptical argument, an argument which posits an obfuscation of the theoretical history of photography.
Dr Marcus Bunyan
PS. I particularly love Len Lye’s work for its visual dexterity and robustness.
Many thankx to the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery for allowing me to publish the photographs in the posting. Please click on the photographs for a larger version of the image. All images are photographed by Bryan James.
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“You assume that the image caught by the camera is “the” image, but of course a camera is ultimately a device – about from the Renaissance on – in which perspective is organised within a box using a lens, based on a principle that light travels in straight lines. So what you get when you use a camera is a mediated image, an image constructed according to certain conventions developed during the Renaissance and beyond in which the world is developed … according to the rules of perspective, and we’ve learnt to accept those rules as, as reality itself. But … when you put an object directly onto a piece of paper without any mediation [of a machine], it’s as if nature represents itself, completely unmediated and directly. In some ways … [this] is far more realist, far more true to the original object than any camera picture could be.”
Geoffrey Batchen
Geoffrey Batchen: Cameraless Photography
From Standing Room Only, 2:25 pm on 17 April 2016 Radio New Zealand
Today, if you have a smartphone, you have a camera with you wherever you go. But how were the first ever photos taken? Professor of Art History at Victoria University and world-renowned historian Geoffrey Batchen is the curator of ‘Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph’ exhibition at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery and Len Lye Centre in New Plymouth.
Installation view of Christian Marclay’s Large Cassette Grid No. 6, 2009 (left) and Allover (Rush, Barbra Streisand, Tina Turner, and Others), 2008 (right)
Christian Marclay (American, b. 1955)
Large Cassette Grid No. 6
2009
Cyanotype photograph
Christian Marclay (American, b. 1955)
Allover (Rush, Barbra Streisand, Tina Turner, and Others)
2008
Cyanotype photograph
Using hundreds of cassette tapes bought in thrift stores, Christian Marclay has scattered the entangled strands of the tapes across large sheets of specially prepared blueprint paper, deliberately adopting the “action painter” techniques of Jackson Pollock and similar artists. He then exposed them, sometimes multiple times, under a high-powered ultraviolet lamp. In other cases, the cassettes themselves were stacked in translucent grids to make a minimalist composition.
Installation view of the exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery with at left, Christian Marclay and at right, Hiroshi Sugimoto
Walead Beshty (American, b. 1976)
Two Sided Picture (RY), January 11, 2007, Valencia, California, Fujicolor Crystal Archive, 2007
Chromogenic photograph
In the series from which this work comes American photographic artist Walead Beshty cut and folded sheets of photographic paper into three-dimensional forms and then exposed each side to a specific colour of light, facilitating the production of multi-faceted prints with the potential to exhibit every possible colour combination. The trace of this process remains visible, with the original folds transformed into a network of contours on the surface of the print.
Hiroshi Sugimoto (Japanese, b. 1948)
Lightning Fields 168 (installation view)
2009
Hiroshi Sugimoto (Japanese, b. 1948)
Lightning Fields 168
2009
Gelatin silver photograph
Hiroshi Sugimoto’s photographs of static electricity were inspired by his unsuccessful efforts to banish such discharges from the surface of his negatives during the printing process. Sugimoto decided instead to try and harness such discharges for the purposes of image making. Utilising a Van der Graaf generator, he directed as many as 40,000 volts onto metal plates on which rested unexposed film. He soon changed tactics when he discovered that immersing the film in saline water during the discharge gave much better results.
Installation views of the exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery with at left, Andreas Müller-Pohle Digital Scores (after Nicéphore Niépce) 1995, and to the right in the second and third images, Susan Purdy
In 1995 the German artist Andreas Müller-Pohle took the digital code generated by a scan of the supposed “first photograph,” Nicéphore Niépce’s 1827 heliograph View from the window at Le Gras, and spread it across eight panels as a messy swarm of numbers and computer notations. Each of Müller-Pohle’s separations represents an eighth of a full byte of memory, a computer’s divided remembrance of the first photograph. The Scores are therefore less about Niépce’s photograph than about their own means of production (as the title suggests, they bear the same abstracted relation to an image as sheet music has to sound). We see here, not a photograph, but the new numerical rhetoric of digital imaging.
Installation view of Ian Burn (Australian, 1939-1993) Xerox book # 1, 1968 from the exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery
In the 1960s a number of artists sought to distil artwork from the new imaging technologies becoming commonly available. Ian Burn, an Australian artist then living in New York, made a series of Xerox Books in 1968 in which he churned out 100 copies of a blank sheet of white paper on a Xerox 660 photocopying machine, copying each copy in turn until the final sheet was filled with the speckled visual noise left by the machine’s own imperfect operations.
Installation view of the exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery
Installation views of the exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery with in foreground display case, Herbert Dobbie’s illustrated cyanotype books New Zealand Ferns (148 Varieties) 1880, 1882, 1892 and background, the cyanotypes of Anna Atkins
Herbert Dobbie, a railway station master and amateur botanist who emigrated to New Zealand from England in 1875, made cyanotype contact prints of specimens of all 148 known species of fern in his new country in 1880 and sold them in album form. Dobbie was responding to a fashion for collecting and displaying ferns among his local audience, a fashion driven in part by a nostalgia for a pre-modern style of life and in part by a developing nationalism. The end result is a group of images that hover somewhere between science and art, between popular aesthetic enjoyment and commercial profit.
Anna Atkins (English, 1799-1871)
Untitled (from the disassembled album Cyanotypes of British and Foreign Flowering Plants and Ferns)
c. 1854
Cyanotype photographs
The English photographer Anna Atkins issued albums of cyanotype prints of seaweed and algae from 1843, and these are often regarded as the earliest photographic books.
In the 1850s, Atkins collaborated with her friend Anne Dixon to produce at least three presentation albums of cyanotype contact prints, including Cyanotypes of British and Foreign Ferns (1853) and Cyanotypes of British and Foreign Flowering Plants and Ferns (1854). These albums included examples from places like Jamaica, New Zealand and Australia – a reminder that, for an English observer, all these places were but an extension of home, a part of the British Empire. These cyanotypes look as if they were made yesterday, offering a trace from the past that nevertheless always remains contemporary.
William Henry Fox Talbot (British, 1800-1877)
Floral patterned lace
c. 1845
Salted paper print
23.0 x 18.8 cm (irregular)
During the 1850s, William Henry Fox Talbot focused his energies on the invention of a way of producing photographic engravings on metal plates, so that permanent ink on paper imprints could be taken from them. In April 1858, having found a way to introduce an aquatint ground to the process, he filed a patent for a system which he called photoglyphic engraving.
Talbot described his invention in terms of an ability to make accurate photographic impressions without a camera: “The objects most easily and successfully engraved are those which can be placed in contact with the metallic plate, – such as the leaf of fern, the light feathery flowers of a grass, a piece of lace, etc. In such cases the engraving is precisely like the object; so that it would almost seem to any one, before the process was explained to him, as if the shadow of the object had itself corroded the metal, – so true is the engraving to the object.”
This photograph was made using the calotype process, patented in 1841 by its inventor, the English gentleman William Henry Fox Talbot. The increased exposure speeds allowed by the process made it easier to print positive photographs from a negative image, so that multiple versions of that image could be produced. In this case, a positive photograph has been made from a contact print of a piece of lace.
Installation views of the exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery featuring Len Lye’s cameraless photographic portraits
Len Lye (New Zealand, 1901-1980)
Georgia O’Keeffe
1947
Courtesy of the Len Lye Foundation Collection
Govett-Brewster Art Gallery/Len Lye Centre
Len Lye (New Zealand, 1901-1980)
Le Corbusier
1947
Courtesy of the Len Lye Foundation Collection and Archive
Govett-Brewster Art Gallery/Len Lye Centre
Lye’s subjects included notable artists such as Joan Miró, Hans Richter, and Georgia O’Keeffe (who brought some deer antlers to the shoot), the architect Le Corbusier, the jazz musician Baby Dodds, the scientist Nina Bull, and the writer W. H. Auden. But they also included a baby and a young woman who remain unnamed; Lye’s new partner, Ann Hindle; and Albert Bishop, a plumber who had come by to do some repairs. (Referencing the history of “silhouette” art)
Len Lye (New Zealand, 1901-1980)
Marks and Spencer in a Japanese Garden (Pond People)
1930
Courtesy of the Len Lye Foundation Collection and Archive
Govett-Brewster Art Gallery/Len Lye Centre
Len Lye’s earliest cameraless photographs were made around 1930 as he settled into the London art scene and before he emerged as a leading figure in experimental cinema. His practice was eclectic during this period. He exhibited paintings, batiks, photographs and sculpture as part of the Seven and Five Society, Britain’s leading avant-garde group. During a visit to Mallorca with his friends Robert Graves and Laura Riding, Lye made a number of photograms with plasticine and cellophane shapes arranged over the photographic paper. Two of these, Self-Planting at Night (Night Tree) and Watershed, were exhibited in the 1936 International Surrealist Exhibition in London.
Installation view of the exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery featuring James Cant’s Six Signed Artist’s Prints 1948
James Cant (Australian, 1911-1982)
The struggle for life
1948
Cliché verre print (cyanotype blueprint from one hand-drawn glass plate)
35 x 29.6cm sheet
A number of Australian artists, some working in Melbourne and some in London, issued prints in the 1940s and early 50s using architectural blueprint (or cyanotype) paper, perhaps because, during the deprivations that attended the aftermath of World War Two, it was a cheap and available material for this purpose. James Cant, an artist interested in both Surrealism and Australian Aboriginal art, brought the two together in his designs for a portfolio of Six Signed Artist’s Prints that he issued in a print run of 150 in 1948. Each image was painted on a sheet of glass and then this glass was contact printed onto the blueprint paper to create a photograph.
In August 1834, while resident in Geneva, William Henry Fox Talbot had a friend make some drawings on sheets of varnished glass exposed to smoke, using an engraver’s needle to scratch through this darkened surface. The procedure came to be known as cliché verre.
Kilian Breier (German, 1931-2011)
Kilian Breier: Fotografik 1953-1990 (cover)
1991
The German artist Kilian Breier began making abstract photographs in the 1950s, some by folding his photographic paper and others by allowing rivulets of developer to flow across and stain it. A 1991 exhibition catalogue, Kilian Breier: Fotografik 1953-1990, gave the artist an opportunity to make a provocative gesture in line with his dedication to the self-generated image; he included in it a loose unfixed piece of signed photographic paper that continues to develop every time it is exposed to light. It therefore inhabits the book that protects it like a ghost, unable to be seen but nonetheless always present.
Max Dupain (Australian, 1911-1992)
Untitled rayograph [with water]
1936
Gelatin silver photograph
The Australian modernist photographer Max Dupain was a great admirer of the work of Man Ray. In 1935 Dupain reviewed a book of the American’s photographs for The Home magazine in Sydney, declaring that “He is alone. A pioneer of the 20th century who has crystallised a new experience in light and chemistry.” With this book as his inspiration, Dupain himself made a number of experimental cameraless photographs in the later 1930s.
Běla Kolářová (Czechoslovakia, 1923-2010)
Pecky broskve (z cyklu Stopy)
Peach Stones (From Traces series)
1961
Gelatin silver photograph from an artificial negative
Taking up photography in 1956 during the Cold War, the Czech artist Běla Kolářová wrote about the need to photograph things normally beneath the notice of photography, the negligible detritus of everyday life. Her initial experiments along these lines involved the making of prints from what she called “artificial negatives.” Collecting all sorts of discarded items (onion peels, peach pits), she either placed her scraps directly on celluloid or embedded them in a layer of paraffin, projecting the resulting image onto bromide paper using an enlarger. Kolářová also began to produce photographic images by placing her light-sensitive paper on a record turntable, rotating it at varying speeds, and allowing the light to produce a series of overlapping and wavy concentric circles.
Installation view of
György Kepes (Hungarian, 1906-2001)
Black, great and white light composition, 1949
Black and white calligraphy, 1951
Fluid patterns, 1938
(Calligraphic light), 1948
Optical transformation, 1938
Hieroglyphic body, 1942
(Magnetic pattern), 1938
Gelatin silver photographs (printed c. 1977)
The Hungarian-born artist György Kepes moved to the United States in the late 1930s, where he published a series of interdisciplinary books concerned with the “language of vision.” Informed by his study of psychological theory, Kepes particularly favoured the cameraless photograph as offering a kind of universal language, stressing the need for images that combined “transparency and interpenetration… the order of our time is to knead together the scientific and technical knowledge required, into an integrated whole on the biological and social plane.” Even when they appear to be abstractions, Kepes’s own photograms were intended as an expression of the interdependence of natural and manmade structures and as an advocacy for the interrelationship of art, science, and technology.
Installation view of the work of Herbert Matter (left), Chargesheimer (centre), and Roger Catherineau (right)
Herbert Matter (American born Switzerland, 1907-1984)
Untitled
c. 1939-1943
Gelatin silver photograph
Born in Switzerland, Herbert Matter studied with Fernand Léger in Paris before working there and in Switzerland as a graphic designer, incorporating photographic images into his many posters. In 1935 he moved to the United States, involving himself in the design and art world he found there, with a special interest in the work of abstract painters. He produced a number of experimental photographs in this period, deliberately designed to break with what he called “the chains of documentation.” These included a calligraphic image made in 1944 by tracing brush strokes on a wet emulsion plate charged by an electrical current and a series of sinuous, painterly photographs, perhaps made by pouring chemicals on sheets of glass already marked with a resist and then printing from them.
Chargesheimer (German, 1924-1972)
Scenarium
1961
Gelatin silver chemigram
In 1961, the German artist Karl-Heinz Hargesheimer, who went by the single name of Chargesheimer, published a limited-edition book titled Lichtgrafik [Light Graphic]. He described the ten unique prints gathered in it as photochemische Malereien or “photo-chemical paintings,” inducing their strange combinations of gestural calligraphic marks and organic-looking surface using only developer and fixer on gelatin silver photographic paper.
Roger Catherineau (French, 1925-1962)
Photogramme
1957
Gelatin silver photograph
Starting in the 1950s, French artist Roger Catherineau drew on his interest in sculpture and dance to produce sinuous, layered photograms that look more like graphics than paintings. Their ambiguous depths were made even more elusive by the addition of coloured inks to their surfaces.
Installation view of the exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery with at left, Marco Breuer and at right, Lynn Cazabon
Installation view of
Danica Chappell (Australian, b. 1972)
Slippery Image #1, 2014-2015
Slippery Image #2, 2014-2015
Daguerreotype
Danica Chappell (Australian, b. 1972)
Traversing Edges & Corners (Orange #9), 2014
Traversing Edges & Corners (Orange #10), 2014
Tintype
The work of Australian artist Danica Chappell brings together the formal experiments of early modernist avant-garde groups, such as the Russian Constructivists and the German Bauhaus, with some of photography’s earliest techniques, resulting in geometrically patterned daguerreotypes and tintypes. These patterns of light and shadow animate the surface of Chappell’s metallic photographs, while also recording her work in the darkroom, her negotiation of radiation, object, body and time.
Installation view of
Lynn Cazabon (American, b. 1964)
Diluvian
2010-2013
40 unique silver gelatin solar photographs
Diluvian, by American artist Lynn Cazabon, comprises a grid of unique contact prints, with their imagery and the means of its production both being directly generated by the work’s subject matter. Embedded in a simulated waste dump, covered with discarded cell phones and computer parts as well as organic material, expired sheets of gelatin silver paper were sprayed with baking soda, vinegar and water, sandwiched under a heavy sheet of glass, and left in direct sunlight for up to six hours, four prints at a time. The chemical reactions that ensued left visual traces – initially vividly coloured and then gradually fading when fixed – of our society’s flood of toxic consumer items, produced by the decomposing after-effects of those very items.
Installation view of
Marco Breuer (German, b. 1966)
Untitled (C-1378), 2013
Untitled (C-1598), 2014
Chromogenic paper, embossed/burned/scraped
Marco Breuer (German, b. 1966)
Untitled (C-1526), 2014
Chromogenic paper, burned/scraped
Marco Breuer (German, b. 1966)
Untitled (C-1338), 2013
Chromogenic paper, burned
By folding, scoring, burning, scouring, abrading, and/or striking his pieces of photographic paper, German-born, US-based artist Marco Breuer coaxes a wide range of colours, markings and textures from his chosen material. Both touched and tactile, Breuer’s photographs have become surrogate bodies, demonstrating the same fragility and relationship to violence as any other organism. And like any other body, they also bear the marks of time, not of a single instant from the past, like most photographs, but rather of a duration of actions that have left accumulated scars.
Installation views of the exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery with at centre, the work of Anne Noble
Anne Noble (New Zealand, b. 1954)
Bruissement: Bee Wing Photograms #10
2015
Pigment print on Canson baryta paper
320 x 110cm
Courtesy of the artist, Wellington
In recent times, the New Zealand artist Anne Noble has made a number of works that address the calamitous collapse of the global honeybee population. In these two cameraless photographs, cascading vertically down the wall like Chinese scroll paintings, we get to see the imprint of thousands of detached bee wings, their determined hum stilled by disease, human interference and a toxic ecology. The haunting beauty of these delicate traceries and strange shadows is also a warning. A beekeeper herself, Noble looks at bees as a living system under stress but also as a model for our own society; as she says, “what is happening to the bees we are likely doing to ourselves.”
Installation views of
Alison Rossiter (American, b. 1953)
Agfa Cykora, expired January 1942, processed 2013
Eastman Kodak Velox, expired March 1919a, processed 2014
Eastman Kodak Medalist E2, expired September 1956, processed 2010
Eastman Kodak Velox, expired March 1919b, processed 2014
Eastman Kodak PMC No.11, expired September 1937, processed 2013
Defender Argo, exact expiration date unknown, c. 1910, processed 2013
Velox T4, expiry date October 1, 1940, processed 2008
Unique gelatin silver photographs
Since 2007, American photographic artist Alison Rossiter has been buying old expired packets of unexposed film at auction or on the internet, some of them dating from as early as 1900. She then develops these sheets in her darkroom with no further exposure to light, never quite sure what the resulting object-image will look like. The one inscribed Velox T4, expiry date October 1, 1940, for example, was developed in 2008, and displays a Mark Rothko-like grid of pale impressions on a dark ground. These are the chemical traces left behind by the wrapping paper that once protected it from light. We’re looking, then, at an exposure – to chemicals as well as to leaked light – of approximately seventy years.
Installation view of
Matt Higgins (Australia)
Untitled 134-5, 2014
Untitled 254-5, 2014
Untitled 287-5, 2014
Untitled 292-5, 2014
Unique chemigram on gelatin silver photographic paper
Australian artist Matt Higgins makes what are called ‘chemigrams,’ created by the interplay of various manual and chemical processes on a single sheet of photographic paper or film. Higgins also uses resists to help create his patterned surfaces, from soft organic substances such as apple syrup to industrial compounds such as epoxy enamel. He thereby returns photography to its historical roots: the desire to coax images from a chemical reaction to light.
Installation views of the exhibition Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery
Govett-Brewster Art Gallery/Len Lye Centre
Queen St, New Plymouth, New Zealand
Phone: +64 6 759 6060
Email: info@govettbrewster.com
Opening hours:
Daily 10am – 5pm
Govett-Brewster Art Gallery/Len Lye Centre website
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Exhibition dates: 7th February – 7th September 2014
Bruce Davidson (American, b. 1933)
Untitled from the Brooklyn Gang series
1959
Gelatin silver print
Danny Lyon (American, b. 1942)
Crossing the Ohio River, Louisville, 1966
1966
Silver gelatin print
This exhibition does not reflect our opinion of who’s cool. Each cool figure was considered with the following historical rubric in mind and possesses at least three elements of this singular American self-concept:
an original artistic vision carried off with a signature style
cultural rebellion or transgression for a given generation
iconic power, or instant visual recognition
a recognised cultural legacy
Every individual here created an original persona without precedent in American culture. These photographs capture the complex relationship between the real-life person, the image embraced by fans and the media, and the person’s artistic work.
What does it mean when a generation claims a certain figure as cool? What qualities does this person embody at that historical moment? American Cool explores these questions through photography, history, and popular culture. In this exhibition, cool is rendered visible, as shot by some of the finest art photographers of the past century.
Anonymous text from the ‘American Cool’ National Portrait Gallery website [Online] Cited 13/06/2021
When less – less famous, less obvious – is more
I don’t know about you, but the photographs chosen to represent American “cool” in this exhibition – 39 of which are shown in the posting out of a total of 108, but the rest are mainly of the same ilk – seem to me to be a singularly strange bunch of images to choose for such a concept. Personally, I find very few of them are “cool”, that is a mixture of a social charge of rebellious self-expression, charisma, edge and mystery with a certain self-made sense of style.
The only images that I find definitely “cool” among this bunch are, firstly Bob Dylan, closely followed by Jackson Pollock (notice the skull lurking behind him) and Susan Sontag. There is no proposition of cool in these three photographs, the people in them just are. The rest of the photographs, and there really are some atrociously plain and boring portraits among this lot (including a poor portrait of James Dean), really don’t speak to me of cool, don’t speak to me of anything much at all. How you could ever think that the portrait of Willie Nelson, 1989 (printed 2009, below) is cool is beyond me… and what is it with the reprints of the photographs, not originals but modern prints made years later? Perhaps the National Portrait Gallery needed to look beyond their own collection for a more rounded representation of American cool.
The two photographs I have included above are my top picks of American cool, and neither are in the exhibition. These iconic American images don’t feature famous people, they are not “posed” for the camera, and yet there is that ineffable something that makes the people in them absolutely, totally cool. THIS IS AMERICAN COOL: their own style, their own rebelliousness and mystery without possibly realising it = a naturalness that comes from doing their own thing, making their own way. Perhaps that is the point that this exhibition misses: you don’t have to be famous to be “cool”. A portrait is not just a mug shot. And an original persona does not have to come with fame attached.
This exhibition just doesn’t cut the mustard. The whole shebang needed a bloody good rethink, from the concept (does a generation have to “claim” someone is cool? is it necessary or desirable to portray American Cool through media images? do they have to be famous or instantly recognisable people to be “cool”) to the choice of images which could better illustrate the theme. Surely the qualities that person embodies changes from moment to moment, from photographer to photographer, from context to context (just look at the portraits of a haggard James Dean). To attempt to illustrate three elements in a single photograph – good luck with that one!
Dr Marcus Bunyan
PS I have added the videos to add a bit of spice to the proceedings… in them you can, occasionally, feel the charisma of the person.
Many thankx to the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery for allowing me to publish the photographs in the posting. Please click on the photographs for a larger version of the image.
Bob Willoughby (American, 1927-2009)
Billie Holiday
1951 (printed 1991)
Gelatin silver print
25.2 x 35.3cm (19 15/16 x 13 15/16″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Rare live footage of one of the first anti-racism songs.
Roger Marshutz (American, 1929-2007)
Elvis Presley
1956
Gelatin silver print
Sheet: 40.6 x 50.8cm (16 x20″)
© Estee Stanley
Elvis Presley Jailhouse Rock 1957 colour
Colourised version of the song from the film
Herman Leonard (American, 1923-2010)
Frank Sinatra
c. 1956
Gelatin silver print
16.5 x 24.1cm (6 1/2 x 9 1/2″)
Institute of Jazz Studies at Rutgers University
Marcia Resnick (American, b. 1950)
David Byrne
1981
Gelatin silver print
21.8 x 32.5cm (8 9/16 x 12 13/16″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Julian Wasser (American, b. 1938)
Joan Didion
1970
Gelatin silver print
24.3 x 34cm (9 9/16 x 13 3/8″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Joan Didion (born December 5, 1934) is an American author best known for her novels and her literary journalism. Her novels and essays explore the disintegration of American morals and cultural chaos, where the overriding theme is individual and social fragmentation.
Roy Schatt (American, 1909-2002)
James Dean
1954
Gelatin silver print
34.7 x 42.2cm (13 11/16 x 16 5/8″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
William Claxton (American, 1927-2008)
Steve McQueen
1962
Gelatin silver print
40 x 58.7cm (15 3/4 x 23 1/8″)
Fahey Klein Gallery
Martin Schoeller (American, b. 1968)
Tony Hawk
1999 (printed 2010)
Archival pigment print
58.5 x 58.6cm (23 1/16 x 23 1/16″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
What do we mean when we say someone is cool? Cool carries a social charge of rebellious self-expression, charisma, edge and mystery.
Cool is an original American sensibility and remains a global obsession. In the early 1940s, legendary jazz saxophonist Lester Young brought this central African American concept into the modern vernacular. Cool became a password in bohemian life connoting a balanced state of mind, a dynamic mode of performance, and a certain stylish stoicism. A cool person has a situation under control, and with a signature style. Cool has been embodied in jazz musicians such as Miles Davis and Billie Holiday, in actors such as Robert Mitchum, Faye Dunaway, and Johnny Depp, and in singers such as Elvis Presley, Patti Smith, and Jay-Z. American Cool is a photography and cultural studies exhibition featuring portraits of such iconic figures, each of whom has contributed an original artistic vision to American culture symbolic of a particular historical moment. They emerged from a variety of fields: art, music, film, sports, comedy, literature, and political activism. American Cool is the zeitgeist taking embodied form.
American Cool is captured by a roll call of fine-art photographers from Henri Cartier-Bresson to Annie Leibovitz, from Richard Avedon to Herman Leonard to Diane Arbus. This exhibition is accompanied by an illustrated catalogue with essays by Joel Dinerstein, the James H. Clark Endowed Chair in American Civilization and Director of the New Orleans Center for the Gulf South at Tulane University, and Frank H. Goodyear III, co-director of the Bowdoin College Museum of Art and former curator of photographs at the National Portrait Gallery.
Unidentified Artist
Jack Nicholson in “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest”
1975
Gelatin silver print
17.3 x 25.1cm (6 13/16 x 9 7/8″)
The Kobal Collection
John Cohen (American, 1932-2019)
Jack Kerouac
1959
Gelatin silver print
Image: 15.9 x 24.1cm (6 1/4 x 9 1/2″)
Sheet: 20.2 x 25.4cm (7 15/16 x 10″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Leo Fuchs (American, 1911-1994)
Paul Newman
1959 (printed 2013)
Modern archival print
Sheet: 27.9 x 35.6cm (11 x 14″)
© Alexandre Fuchs
William Paul Gottlieb (American, 1917-2006)
Thelonious Monk at Minton’s Playhouse, New York City
1947
Gelatin silver print
Sheet: 25.4 x 20.3cm (10 x 8″)
Estate of William Gottlieb
Thelonious Monk Quartet – Round Midnight
Thelonious Monk(p) Charlie Rouse(ts) Larry Gales(b) Ben Riley(ds)
Recorded in Norway 1966 dvd “LIVE in ’66”
Peter Hujar (American, 1934-1987)
Susan Sontag
1975
Gelatin silver print
37.1 x 37.6cm (14 5/8 x 14 13/16″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Michael O’Brien (American, b. 1950)
Willie Nelson
1989 (printed 2009)
Chromogenic print
38.1 x 38.1cm (15 x 15″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Introduction
What do we mean when we say someone is cool? To be cool means to exude the aura of something new and uncontainable. Cool is the opposite of innocence or virtue. Someone cool has a charismatic edge and a dark side. Cool is an earned form of individuality. Each generation has certain individuals who bring innovation and style to a field of endeavour while projecting a certain charismatic self-possession. They are the figures selected for this exhibition: the successful rebels of American culture.
The legendary jazz saxophonist Lester Young created the modern usage of “cool” in the 1940s. At first it meant being relaxed in one’s environment against oppressive social forces, but within a generation it became a password for stylish self-control. This exhibition does not reflect our opinion of who’s cool. Each cool figure was considered with the following historical rubric in mind and possesses at least three elements of this singular American self-concept:
1/ an original artistic vision carried off with a signature style
2/ cultural rebellion or transgression for a given generation
3/ iconic power, or instant visual recognition
4/ a recognised cultural legacy
Every individual here created an original persona without precedent in American culture. These photographs capture the complex relationship between the real-life person, the image embraced by fans and the media, and the person’s artistic work.
What does it mean when a generation claims a certain figure as cool? What qualities does this person embody at that historical moment? American Cool explores these questions through photography, history, and popular culture. In this exhibition, cool is rendered visible, as shot by some of the finest art photographers of the past century.
The Roots of Cool: Before 1940
The stage was set for the emergence of cool as a cultural phenomenon in the early 1940s by a series of sweeping transformations in the first decades of the twentieth century. The figures in this first section were not called cool in their day but were leading exemplars of new energies that were changing the social contours of American life. A fresh rebelliousness was revealed in the new film capital of Hollywood, in modernist literature and art, in emerging youth entertainments, and in a new music called jazz. The advent of technologies such as radio, film, and the automobile and the increasing diversity in America’s booming cities accelerated the pace of change. Though Prohibition in the 1920s sought to regulate American morality by ending the consumption of alcohol, this period saw the expression of a new independence among young people and others historically on the margins of public life. In particular, both African Americans and women sought and began to attain freedoms long denied. Cool has long denoted a person’s sense of calm and composure. Charismatic individuals such as those featured here contributed greatly to the changing mores in American society before World War II. Cool would ultimately serve as the term that would describe this new rebel.
The Birth of Cool: 1940-1959
Being cool was a response to the rapid changes of modernity: it was about maintaining a state of equipoise within swirling, dynamic social forces. The legendary jazz saxophonist Lester Young disseminated the word and concept of cool into jazz culture in the early 1940s, and it quickly crossed over as a rebel masculine sensibility. When Young said, “I’m cool,” he meant, first, that he was relaxed in the environment and, second, that he was keeping it together under social and economic pressure as well as the absurdity of life in a racist society. This mask of cool emerged as a form of American stoicism and was manifested in jazz, film noir, Beat literature, and abstract expressionism. In jazz, a generation of younger musicians rejected big-band swing entertainment to create bebop, a fast, angular, virtuosic style that moved jazz out of dance halls and into nightclubs. In Hollywood, film noir represented postwar anxiety through crime dramas shot through with working-class existentialism and the fear of women’s sexual and economic power. Among Beat writers and abstract painters, cool referred to a combination of wildness and intensity in men unconcerned with social conformity. Starting from jazz, cool was a rebel sensibility suggesting that an individual’s importance could be registered only through self-expression and the creation of a signature style. By 1960 cool was the protean password of a surging underground aesthetic.
Cool and the Counterculture: 1960-1979
In the 1960s and 1970s, to be cool was to be antiauthoritarian and open to new ideas from young cultural leaders in rock and roll, journalism, film, and African American culture. Cool was a badge of opposition to “the System,” by turns a reference to the police, the government, the military-industrial complex, or traditional morality. Using drugs such as marijuana or even LSD was an indicator of risk taking and expanding one’s consciousness; not experimenting with drugs suggested a fear of opening one’s mind or perspective, of being “uptight” or “square.” The same was true of sexual exploration, social protest, and ethnic politics. The aesthetic of stylised understatement still held power, yet cool itself morphed under the era’s social upheavals. The counterculture valued being authentic and emotionally naked: being cool meant a person was “out-front” with others and comfortable in his or her own skin. For African Americans, what had once been suppressed under the mask of cool transformed into defiant civic engagement in music, sports, and politics. “Cool” meant to communicate a set of emotions without losing control, and rock and roll was the art form (and forum) best suited for this shift, especially for women. Patti Smith, Bonnie Raitt, Deborah Harry, and Chrissie Hynde all carved out new iconic stances, styles, and voices for independent women who were sexy on their own terms. Cool became the supreme compliment for creative public figures who broke new cultural ground and maintained their personal integrity over time.
The Legacies of Cool: 1980-Present
In 1980s America, the selling of rebellion as style became ingrained in cool. From highbrow fashion to mass-culture video games, product designers, advertisers, and consumers embraced the cool aesthetic. For many during this era, selling out was no longer a curse, as youth culture increasingly embraced the pursuit of wealth. And though some might proclaim that cool was dead, the concept stayed alive and grew in many quarters. From hip-hop to Seattle grunge, from skateboarding to the Internet, from street graffiti to MTV, cool became central to many of these new cultural forms. While its popularisation tended to whiten this phenomenon, African American culture remained central to its growth. By the 1980s cool also had an easily recognisable history, and many figures from its past – like heroes from a bygone era – continued to resonate widely. Indeed, new icons of cool often built careers that owed much to these earlier exemplars. Throughout the twentieth century, cool was America’s chief cultural export. With the rapid growth of global communication and markets, it plays an even larger role both in the world’s understanding of America and in Americans’ own sense of national identity. The figures in this final section are representative of the legacies of cool as a distinct form of American expression.
Press release from the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery website
Martin Munkacsi (Hungarian, 1896-1963)
Fred Astaire
1936
Gelatin silver print
24.1 x 19cm (9 1/2 x 7 1/2″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Swing Time – Rogers and Astaire
In this Swing Time clip, Lucky, Astaire, saves Penny’s, Rogers, job by showing how much she has taught him.
Philippe Halsman (American, 1906-1979)
Audrey Hepburn
1955
Gelatin silver print
Image/Sheet: 34.9 x 27cm (13 3/4 x 10 5/8″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Dmitri Kasterine (British, b. 1932)
Jean-Michel Basquait
1986
Gelatin silver print
38.3 x 37.7cm (15 1/16 x 14 13/16″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Cass Bird (American, b. 1974)
Benicio Del Toro
2008 (printed 2012)
Inkjet print
45.3 x 35.3cm (17 13/16 x 13 7/8″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Carl Van Vechten (American, 1880-1964)
Bessie Smith
1936
Gelatin silver print
Image/Sheet: 25.2 x 18.6cm (9 15/16 x 7 5/16″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Bessie Smith (April 15, 1894 – September 26, 1937) was an African-American blues singer widely renowned during the Jazz Age. Nicknamed the “Empress of the Blues”, she was the most popular female blues singer of the 1930s. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, she is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and was a major influence on fellow blues singers, as well as jazz vocalists.
Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, Smith was young when her parents died, and she and her six siblings survived by performing on street corners. She began touring and performed in a group that included Ma Rainey, and then went out on her own. Her successful recording career with Columbia Records began in 1923, but her performing career was cut short by a car crash that killed her at the age of 43.
Text from the Wikipedia website
ST. LOUIS BLUES. Blues Legend Bessie Smith’s only film appearance. Uncut 1929
This is not only a landmark because it contains Bessie Smith’s only known film appearance but also for being one of the very first talkies ever made. This is the complete film co-starring Jimmy Mordecai as her gigolo boyfriend.
Robert Mapplethorpe (American, 1946-1989)
Deborah Harry
1978
Gelatin silver print
Image: 34.9 x 34.9cm (13 3/4 x 13 3/4″)
Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation
Philippe Halsman (American born Latvia, 1906-1979)
Humphrey Bogart
1944
Gelatin silver print
Image: 11.3 x 8.6cm (4 7/16 x 3 3/8″)
Mat: 45.7 x 35.6cm (18 x 14″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Samuel Hollyer (British, 1826-1919)
Leaves of Grass, 1st Edition
Copy after: Gabriel Harrison
1855
Book (closed): 28.9 x 20.6 x 1cm (11 3/8 x 8 1/8 x 3/8″)
Private Collection
Unidentified Artist
Frederick Douglas
1856
Quarter-plate ambrotype
Image: 10.6 x 8.6cm (4 3/16 x 3 3/8″)
Case (open): 11.9 x 19.1 x 1.3cm (4 11/16 x 7 1/2 x 1/2″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Linda McCartney (American, 1941-1998)
Jimi Hendrix
1967 (printed later)
Platinum print
51.3 x 35.3 cm (20 3/16 x 13 7/8″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
The Jimi Hendrix Experience – Voodoo Child (Slight Return) (Live In Maui, 1970)
An incredible live performance of Voodoo Child (Slight Return) by Jimmy and his band in Maui, 1970.
William Paul Gottlieb (American, 1917-2006)
Duke Ellington
c. 1946 (printed 1991)
Gelatin silver print
34.1 x 26.7 cm (13 7/16 x 10 1/2″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Duke Ellington & His Orchestra live in Tivoli Garden 1969
Fantastic performance footage of one of Jazz’s greatest stars – Duke Ellington.
Duke Ellington may have turned 70 in 1969, but he was never short of energy, creativity and innovations. At the time of this Nov. 2, 1969 concert in Copenhagen, Ellington had been leading his orchestra for 44 years, but he still never really looked back in time or sought to recreate the past. Even when he performed older favorites, they were rearranged and full of surprises, and Duke’s own piano playing was modern, percussive and unpredictable. Twelve soloists are heard from during this 83-minute set including such veterans as trumpeters Cootie Williams and Cat Anderson, trombonist Lawrence Brown, altoist Harry Carney and Paul Gonsalves on tenor. Along with exciting versions of “C Jam Blues,” “Rockin’ In Rhythm” and “Take The ‘A’ Train,” the highlights include a three-song Johnny Hodges medley, a haunting “La Plus Belle Africaine,” and a tenor battle among Gonsalves, Harold Ashby and Norris Turney on “Diminuendo And Crescendo In Blue.” Filmed in colour and with close-ups that give listeners the experience of being onstage with the Duke Ellington Orchestra.
Mark Seliger (American, b. 1959)
Kurt Cobain
1993 (printed 2013)
Platinum Palladium print
46.7 × 35.5cm (18 3/8 × 14″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Nirvana – Smells Like Teen Spirit (Official Music Video)
Philippe Halsman (American, 1906-1979)
Marlon Brando
1950 (printed later)
Gelatin silver print
34.4 x 26.8cm (13 9/16 x 10 9/16″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Charles H. “Chuck” Stewart (American, 1927-2017)
Muddy Waters
c. 1960
Gelatin silver print
25.4 x 18.4cm (10 x 7 1/4″)
Institute of Jazz Studies at Rutgers University
Muddy Waters – Got My Mojo Workin’
Alfred Eisenstaedt (American, 1898-1995)
Lauren Bacall
1949 (printed 2013)
Pigmented ink jet print
40.3 x 27.9cm (15 7/8 x 11″)
Kate Simon (American, b. 1953)
Madonna
1983 (printed 2013)
Gelatin silver print
33.7 × 22.9cm (13 1/4 × 9″)
© Kate Simon
Madonna – Papa Don’t Preach (Official Video)
Aram Avakian (American, 1926-1987)
Miles Davis
1955 (printed 2012)
Modern print made from original negative
34.6 × 24.1cm (13 5/8 × 9 1/2″)
Miles Davis – So What (Official Video)
Unidentified Artist
Bix Beiderbecke
c. 1920
Gelatin silver print
19.1 x 11.4cm (7 1/2 x 4 1/2″)
Institute of Jazz Studies at Rutgers University
At the Jazz Band Ball – Bix Beiderbecke and His Gang, 1927
Royal Garden Blues – Bix Beiderbecke 1927
Leon Bismark “Bix” Beiderbecke (March 10, 1903 – August 6, 1931) was an American jazz cornetist, jazz pianist, and composer.
With Louis Armstrong and Muggsy Spanier, Beiderbecke was one of the most influential jazz soloists of the 1920s. His turns on “Singin’ the Blues” and “I’m Coming, Virginia” (both 1927), in particular, demonstrated an unusual purity of tone and a gift for improvisation. With these two recordings, especially, he helped to invent the jazz ballad style and hinted at what, in the 1950s, would become cool jazz. “In a Mist” (1927), one of a handful of his piano compositions and one of only two he recorded, mixed classical (Impressionist) influences with jazz syncopation.
Leon Bismark “Bix” Beiderbecke (March 10, 1903 – August 6, 1931) was an American jazz cornetist, jazz pianist, and composer. A native of Davenport, Iowa.
Bix Beiderbecke was one of the great jazz musicians of the 1920’s; he was also a child of the Jazz Age who drank himself to an early grave with illegal Prohibition liquor. His hard drinking and beautiful tone on the cornet made him a legend among musicians during his life. The legend of Bix grew even larger after he died. Bix never learned to read music very well, but he had an amazing ear even as a child. His parents disapproved of his playing music and sent him to a military school outside of Chicago in 1921. He was soon expelled for skipping class and became a full-time musician. In 1923 Beiderbecke joined the Wolverine Orchestra and recorded with them the following year. Bix was influenced a great deal by the Original Dixieland Jass Band, but soon surpassed their playing. In late 1924 Bix left the Wolverines to join Jean Goldkette’s Orchestra, but his inability to read music eventually resulted in him losing the job. In 1926 he spent some time with Frankie Trumbauer’s Orchestra where he recorded his solo piano masterpiece “In a Mist”. He also recorded some of his best work with Trumbauer and guitarist, Eddie Lang, under the name of Tram, Bix, and Eddie.
Bix was able to bone up on his sight-reading enough to re-join Jean Goldkette’s Orchestra briefly, before signing up as a soloist with Paul Whiteman’s Orchestra. Whiteman’s Orchestra was the most popular band of the 1920’s and Bix enjoyed the prestige and money of playing with such a successful outfit, but it didn’t stop his drinking. In 1929 Bix’s drinking began to catch up with him. He suffered from delirium tremens and he had a nervous breakdown while playing with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra, and was eventually sent back to his parents in Davenport, Iowa to recover. It should be noted that Paul Whiteman was very good to Bix during his struggles. He kept Bix on full pay long after his breakdown, and promised him that his chair was always open in the Whiteman Orchestra, but, Bix was never the same again, and never rejoined the band.
He returned to New York in 1930 and made a few more records with his friend Hoagy Carmichael and under the name of Bix Beiderbecke and his Orchestra. But mainly, he holed himself up in a rooming house in Queens, New York where he drank a lot and worked on his beautiful solo piano pieces “Candlelight”, “Flashes”, and “In The Dark” (played here by Ralph Sutton; Bix never recorded them). He died at age 28 in 1931 during an alcoholic seizure. The official cause of death was lobar pneumonia and edema of the brain.
Gerard Malanga (American, b. 1943)
Lou Reed
1966
Gelatin silver print
48.3 x 36.2cm (19 x 14 1/4″)
© Martin Irvine
Lou Reed – Sweet Jane – live in Paris, 1974
Arnold A. Newman (American, 1918-2006)
Jackson Pollock
1949
Gelatin silver print
46 x 36.7cm (18 1/8 x 14 7/16″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Lynn Goldsmith (American, b. 1948)
Patti Smith
1976 (printed 2012)
Digital inkjet print
Image: 46.9 x 30cm (18 7/16 x 11 13/16″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Philippe Halsman (American, 1906-1979)
Clint Eastwood
1971
Gelatin silver print
34.3 x 27.3cm (13 1/2 x 10 3/4″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Richard Avedon (American, 1923-2004)
Bob Dylan, Singer, New York City, February 10, 1965
1965
Gelatin silver print
25.4 × 20.3cm (10 × 8″)
© Richard Avedon Foundation
Bob Dylan – Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door (Live)
From the Hard to Handle concert film. Bob Dylan, backed by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers during their Australian tour in 1986.
Eli Reed (American, b. 1946)
Tupac Shakur
1992 (printed 2013)
Digitally exposed chromogenic print
34.6 x 27.3cm (13 5/8 x 10 3/4″)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
William Paul Gottlieb (American, 1917-2006)
Gene Krupa at 400 Restaurant, New York City
June 1946
Gelatin silver print
Sheet: 35.6 x 27.9cm (14 x 11″)
Estate of William Gottlieb
Eugene Bertram “Gene” Krupa (January 15, 1909 – October 16, 1973) was an American jazz and big band drummer, actor and composer, known for his highly energetic and flamboyant style. In the 1930s, Krupa became the first endorser of Slingerland drums. At Krupa’s urging, Slingerland developed tom-toms with tuneable top and bottom heads, which immediately became important elements of virtually every drummer’s setup. Krupa developed and popularized many of the cymbal techniques that became standards. His collaboration with Armand Zildjian of the Avedis Zildjian Company developed the modern hi-hat cymbals and standardised the names and uses of the ride cymbal, the crash cymbal, the splash cymbal, the pang cymbal and the swish cymbal. One of his bass drums, a Slingerland inscribed with Benny Goodman’s and Krupa’s initials, is preserved at the Smithsonian museum in Washington, D.C. In 1978, Krupa became the first drummer inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame.
Gene Krupa having A good time
Gene Krupa – Big Noise From Winnetka
Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery
8th and F Sts NW
Washington, DC 20001
Opening hours:
11.30am – 7.00pm daily
Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery website
LIKE ART BLART ON FACEBOOK
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June 2013
Published by Cosgrove Editions, Johsel Namkung • A Retr | |||||
6007 | dbpedia | 3 | 15 | https://www.mapsofworld.com/armenia/armenia-population.html | en | Population of Armenia | [
"https://images.mapsofworld.com/usa/states/mow-logo.png",
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"https://moderate2-v4.cleantalk.org/pixel... | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [
"Vishal Kumar"
] | 2021-11-21T11:21:22+00:00 | Armenia Population consists of a heterogeneous mix of natives and immigrants from the neighboring nations. Armenian economy is considered to be one of the primitive civilizations in the world | en | MapsofWorld.com | https://www.mapsofworld.com/armenia/armenia-population.html | 964
Overview of Armenia Population
Armenia Population consists of a heterogeneous mix of natives and immigrants from the neighboring nations. Armenian economy is considered to be one of the primitive civilizations in the world. This Republic of Armenia is a populous nation with an estimated total population of around 2,971,650.
However the nation experienced the problem of population fall immediately after the break down of the former Soviet Union. The decline of Armenia population has been the result of the emigration problem prevalent in the Republic of Armenia.
Features of Armenia Population
Ethnic natives constitute the major part of the population in Armenia . 95 percent of Armenia Population is made up of ethnic Armenians. Besides the indigenous people, Armenia Population also features Kurds, Yezidis, Russian, Assyrians and Greeks. Georgians, Belarusians, Ukrainians are the other minorities living in the Republic of Armenia.
The urban areas of the Armenian Territory are much more populated than its rural part. The capital city of Yerevan is the most densely crowded urban locality in the Armenian Republic. Yerevan city houses a substantial part of Armenia Population.
Armenia Population density per square mile is estimated to be around 258. Infant mortality rate of Armenia Population is about 21.7 per 1000 people, while birth rate varies around 12.3 per 1000 people.
Armenia Population with its huge diaspora has been an important feature of Armenia demography. | |||||
6007 | dbpedia | 2 | 59 | https://community.openstreetmap.org/t/hamaynks-and-taratsashrjans-of-armenia/108401 | en | Hamaynks and taratsashrjans of Armenia | [] | [] | [] | [
"boundaries",
"development",
"armenia"
] | null | [
"Tigran_Ovanyan (Tigran Ovanyan)",
"Aleksandar_Matejevic (Aleksandar Matejevic)"
] | 2024-01-23T15:48:21+00:00 | Hello,
I would like to inform you that there are no regions/taratsashrjans (տարածաշրջան) in the Republic of Armenia. Instead of them, the 2nd level administrative units of Armenia are the communities/hamaynq (համայնք). … | en | OpenStreetMap Community Forum | https://community.openstreetmap.org/t/hamaynks-and-taratsashrjans-of-armenia/108401 | Hello,
I would like to inform you that there are no regions/taratsashrjans (տարածաշրջան) in the Republic of Armenia. Instead of them, the 2nd level administrative units of Armenia are the communities/hamaynq (համայնք). There are 71 of them. Please change regions to communities. The list of communities can be seen on the website of the RA Ministry of Territorial Administration and Infrastructure. Link: ՀՀ ՏԿԵՆ | <!-- -->ՀՀ համայնքներ.
p.s. I can support and help put communities on the map myself
Sincerely Tigran
I think the issue is simply that no one has yet mapped municipal/hamaynq level subdivisions in Armenia. By the way, Municipalities of Armenia - Wikipedia says there are over 500 such municipalities, not 71. Is that correct?
The regions I saw in Armenia like this one Relation: Թալինի տարածաշրջան (10866159) | OpenStreetMap are mapped as admin_level=5 which indicates informal level subdivisions of provinces without political powers, which seems correct to me when quickly looking at the Wikipedia page of Armenia.
So the issue would be that someone needs to map the borders of the 500 municipalities…
Ok, so it changed relatively recently, and nobody has yet updated it. Countries with writing systems other than latin often have problems attracting mappers from other parts of the world to finish things since it’s hard for us to interact with existing objects. So it needs somebody local to draw the lines in OSM and then combine them into administrative boundaries.
If you could get an official map from some source that would allow us the license to import it into OSM that would definitely make things a lot easier because then we would have official coordinates. | |||||
6007 | dbpedia | 3 | 97 | https://www.facebook.com/photo.php%3Ffbid%3D10153349707861831%26id%3D9086721830%26set%3Da.333775801830%26locale%3Dsr_RS | en | Facebook | https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yb/r/hLRJ1GG_y0J.ico | https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yb/r/hLRJ1GG_y0J.ico | [
"https://facebook.com/security/hsts-pixel.gif"
] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an. | de | https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yb/r/hLRJ1GG_y0J.ico | https://www.facebook.com/login/ | ||||
6007 | dbpedia | 3 | 78 | https://www.csmonitor.com/1985/0918/harhis.html | en | Armenia and its people: a history of struggle | [
"https://www.csmonitor.com/extension/csm_base/design/csm_design/images/csm-logo-200.svg",
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"John Young",
"The Christian Science Monitor"
] | 1985-09-18T12:09:00-04:00 | Mt. Ararat's 16,946 feet of gray stone, though no longer within the borders of present-day Armenia, stands as the firm, spiritual symbol of that co | en | /extension/csm_base/design/standard/images/favicon.ico | The Christian Science Monitor | https://www.csmonitor.com/1985/0918/harhis.html | Mt. Ararat's 16,946 feet of gray stone, though no longer within the borders of present-day Armenia, stands as the firm, spiritual symbol of that country, whose borders have shifted like an oil slick on troubled waters. The story of Armenia and its proud and fiercely independent people is a tragic and complicated one.
Modern historians believe that the Armenians crossed the Euphrates and came into Asia Minor in the 8th century BC. The Armenian Empire of Tigran the Great in 70 BC cut a wide swath from the Mediterranean to the Caspian Seas and almost to the Black Sea. It included what are now parts of the Soviet Union, Turkey, Syria, and Iran.
Today, the only part of the world that is officially called Armenia is the 11,500-square-mile state of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, an area a little larger than Maryland. It is the smallest of the 15 republics that make up the Soviet Union, with a population of some 3.2 million Armenians. There are estimated to be a total of 5.5 million Armenians worldwide.
Part of Armenia's strife lay in its geographical location -- the much-traveled gateway and invasion route between the eastern Orient and Europe to the west.
Centuries before the Christian era, the Persians came as conquerors. In 330 BC Alexander the Great captured the territory and later the Seleucids did likewise.
In following centuries, Armenia came under the heels of the Romans, Persians, Byzantines, Arabs, and others -- with usually short-lived attempts at independence between.
Christianity was introduced to Armenia in the latter part of the 3rd century AD, largely through the work of St. Gregory the Illuminator. Armenia is considered the oldest Christian state. The church became autonomous in the next century, and in the 5th century the Armenians developed their own written alphabet -- largely, it is believed, to phonetically record the Bible in their own language.
At the end of the 11th century, the area fell prey to the Seljuk Turks, and later to the Ottoman Turks. From the latter 14th century to World War I, Armenia was carved up among the Persians, Russians, and Turks. Most of what is considered historical Armenia came under the powerful arm of the Ottoman Empire in 1514. The result was persecution and discrimination against the Christian Armenians by the Muslim Turks.
In 1828 the Russians acquired from the Persians what is now Soviet Armenia.
Between 1894 and 1915 the Ottoman Turks continued to hold Armenian ground, and persecutions prevailed. Tension heightened in 1915 when the Armenians were accused of fomenting rebellion with Russian assistance. As a result, Armenians were deported and many perished during a forced march into the Syrian Desert.
Armenians estimate that 1.5 million of their people were killed in what they term an Armenian genocide. The Turks deny that there was a genocide and say that some 300,000 Armenians died in the deportations.
Perhaps because of this history of diaspora, persecution, and the search for a homeland, the Armenian people have clung tenaciously to those things that are uniquely a part of their culture. | ||||
6007 | dbpedia | 2 | 34 | https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/11/armenia-unlawful-rocket-missile-strikes-azerbaijan | en | Armenia: Unlawful Rocket, Missile Strikes on Azerbaijan | [
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] | null | [] | 2020-12-11T00:00:00 | Armenian military forces carried out unlawfully indiscriminate rocket and missile strikes on Azerbaijan during the hostilities from September to November 2020, Human Rights Watch said today. | en | /sites/default/files/favicon.ico | Human Rights Watch | https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/11/armenia-unlawful-rocket-missile-strikes-azerbaijan | (Berlin) – Armenian military forces carried out unlawfully indiscriminate rocket and missile strikes on Azerbaijan during the hostilities from September to November 2020, Human Rights Watch said today.
During on-site investigations in Azerbaijan in November, Human Rights Watch documented 11 incidents in which Armenian forces used ballistic missiles, unguided artillery rockets, and large-caliber artillery projectiles that hit populated areas in apparent indiscriminate attacks. In at least four other cases, munitions struck civilians or civilian objects in areas where there were no apparent military targets.
“Armenian forces repeatedly launched missiles, unguided rockets, and heavy artillery into populated cities and villages in violation of the laws of war,” said Hugh Williamson, Europe and Central Asia director at Human Rights Watch. “Again and again in the course of the six-week war, these attacks unlawfully destroyed civilian lives and homes and should be impartially investigated.”
Fighting between Azerbaijan and Armenia escalated on September 27 and continued until November 10, when the prime minister of Armenia and presidents of Azerbaijan and Russia concluded an agreement to end the hostilities.
Human Rights Watch investigated missile, rocket, and artillery attacks by Armenian forces that struck cities, towns, and villages in Aghdam, Barda, Fizuli, Ganja, Goranboy, Naftalan, and Tartar in Azerbaijan. This report examines 18 of these strikes, which killed 40 civilians and wounded dozens more, based on in-person interviews with 53 witnesses to attacks and 12 phone interviews, news reports, and governmental data. Human Rights Watch could not determine the lawfulness of three of the 18 attacks.
Human Rights Watch also examined satellite imagery of 10 of the 17 attacks and photos and videos posted on social media from the site of nine of the attacks, which corroborated the time and date of the attacks, and the scale of destruction. Other attacks will be addressed in future reports.
Satellite imagery revealed that Azerbaijan military forces were present in the cities of Ganja and Tartar and the villages of Gashalti and Tapgaragoyunlu, which Armenian forces attacked. Azerbaijan unnecessarily put civilians at risk by locating military objectives within or near densely populated areas and failing to remove civilians from the vicinity of military activities, Human Rights Watch said. However, the presence of military objectives did not permit Armenia to use inherently inaccurate explosive weapons with a large destructive radius in populated areas.
The governmental Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action (ANAMA) found that unguided Smerch artillery rockets and Scud-B ballistic missiles were used in attacks on Ganja between October 4 and 17, killing 32 civilians. Scud-B missiles, which can carry a 985-kilogram, high-explosive warhead, can miss their intended target by at least 500 meters. Attacks using weapons that cannot be directed at a specific military objective and so do not distinguish military targets from civilians and civilian objects, are indiscriminate, violating the laws of war.
In addition to causing civilian casualties, the Armenian attacks damaged homes, businesses, schools, and a health clinic, and contributed to mass displacement. According to the Azerbaijani prosecutor general’s office, 98 civilians were killed and 414 wounded during the armed conflict, and over 3,000 homes and 100 apartment buildings were destroyed or damaged. Azerbaijani government officials told Human Rights Watch that fighting displaced 40,000 people. Residents from conflict-affected areas that Human Rights Watch visited said that many people, especially women and children, had fled to safer areas.
The laws of war require attackers to issue effective warnings of attacks affecting civilians unless circumstances do not permit. Witnesses to attacks said they were not aware of warnings from Armenian or local Nagorno-Karabakh forces. On October 4, Arayik Harutyunyan, the Nagorno-Karabakh president, issued tweets in English calling on civilians “to avoid inevitable loss” by leaving “large cities,” including Ganja, where military forces would be attacked. Threats of attacks on unspecified targets over an unspecified period, in a language few Azerbaijani civilians can read, were not effective warnings.
Human Rights Watch previously reported Armenian attacks on Barda on October 28 that killed 21 civilians and wounded 70, and documented Azerbaijan’s use of cluster munitions in at least four incidents in Nagorno-Karabakh as of October 23.
The Armenian government should conduct impartial, thorough, and transparent investigations into attacks by Armenian forces that appear to violate international humanitarian law, or the laws of war.
States are currently in the process of negotiating a political declaration that would commit them to refrain from using explosive weapons in populated areas. Azerbaijan and Armenia should endorse such a political declaration, Human Rights Watch said.
“Armenian forces fired hugely destructive, inaccurate weapons into Azerbaijan’s cities, towns, and villages,” Williamson said. “Accountability for these and other apparent violations of the laws of war by both sides is critical if the region is ever going to move beyond this vicious, decades-long conflict.”
For details of the attacks and violations of the law of war, please see below.
September 27 Attack in Naftalan District
On September 27, between 5 p.m. and 6 p.m., an Armenian artillery attack killed five members of the Gurbanov family, all civilians, and damaged several homes in Gashalti, Naftalan district, three witnesses said. The village has approximately 1,200 residents. The attack hit Nadir Gurbanov’s home and killed his father, Elbrus, 69, mother, Shefiyat Gurbanova, 64, wife, Afag Amirova, 39, a niece, Fidan Gurbanova, 14, and his son Shariyar, 13. His one surviving son is attending secondary school in Baku.
Nadir, 41, a military serviceman, was stationed with his regiment about three kilometers away. “I saw one shell land near my house, and another shell a minute or two later, so I rushed home to check,” he said.
Nadir’s cousin, Mohammad Mammadov, said he arrived at the house to see Nadir hugging pieces of children’s bodies. “It was impossible to recognize them,” he said. “They were charred and had been hurled in every direction by the blast.” Human Rights Watch examined the severely damaged house and found several munition remnants in the courtyard that were consistent with fragments of large-caliber artillery.
Nadir’s brother Nijat, 44, said that at the time of the attack, Nadir’s regiment was the military objective closest to the village. However, satellite imagery indicates a large area where military forces may have been deployed that extends from the southern boundary of Gashalti and along the eastern side of the road leading to Tapgaragoyunlu, six kilometers south.
Satellite imagery recorded on October 8 shows significant military activity in this area, including recently constructed trenches, fighting positions, earthen berms, tactical deployments, and the movement of military vehicles coming from the direction of the front line, just south of Tapgaragoyunlu, toward Gashalti.
Human Rights Watch was unable to determine the intended target. However, the use of large caliber artillery, which due to its inaccuracy is typically fired multiple times and produces blast and fragments over wide areas, renders an attack indiscriminate in populated areas.
October Attacks on Ganja
Armenian forces conducted attacks using ballistic missiles and rocket artillery that hit residential neighborhoods in Ganja, Azerbaijan’s second-most populous city, on October 4, 11, and 17, killing 32 civilians and injuring dozens more. In addition, rocket artillery attacks hitting Ganja’s Grand Bazar shopping mall on October 5, reportedly wounded three people who were hospitalized, and School Number 4 on October 8, which did not cause civilian casualties. These explosive weapons, which are inaccurate and have wide-area effects, are indiscriminate in populated areas.
Azerbaijani forces created military sites in Ganja without moving the population to safer areas, putting civilians at unnecessary risk. Satellite imagery revealed long-term military sites in the city and forces in populated areas in at least two cases close to the time of attacks. Satellite imagery also showed a large area abutting populated areas in southeastern Ganja with increased military vehicular activity in October. The edge of the military position is 270 meters from the site of a ballistic missile strike on October 17 on Suleyman Rustem primary road.
In an October 17 statement following two ballistic missile attacks early that day, the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army listed seven sites in Ganja that it said were military targets, without providing location specifics.
Ganja residents showed Human Rights Watch one of the listed locations, the Armed Forces General Staff Radio Technical Battalion, which they said had been closed before the latest hostilities. It is a few hundred meters from the areas Armenian forces attacked on October 4. Human Rights Watch was not able to verify whether the site was in operation at the time of the attack; it was not in operation during a visit on November 7.
Another listed site, an air force helicopter squadron base, is at the Ganja International Airport, 4.5 kilometers from the closest attack on October 17. While Nagorno-Karabakh local authorities announced they had destroyed Ganja’s “military airport” following attacks on October 4, Ganja International Airport is the only airport in the area, seven kilometers from the closest site attacked on October 4, and was not harmed in the fighting on either October 4 or 17.
Asked in a BBC interview why Armenian forces had attacked civilians in Ganja, Armenia’s then-foreign minister, Zohrab Mnatsakanyan, skirted the issue and instead cited deadly attacks by Azerbaijani forces on civilians in Stepanakert, Nagorno-Karabakh’s capital.
Attacks that use weapons that cannot distinguish between civilians and civilian objects and military targets, or that treat a number of separate and distinct military objectives in a city as a single military objective are indiscriminate.
October 4
At around 10:30 to 11 a.m. on October 4, Armenian forces launched three rockets that hit within a few hundred meters of one another in residential neighborhoods in Ganja, witnesses said. Human Rights Watch visited the three areas on November 7 and interviewed nine witnesses after speaking with three witnesses by phone in October. Human Rights Watch documented injuries to 18 civilians in these strikes.
Official Azerbaijani sources said the attacks killed one civilian, Tunar Aliyev, and wounded 32. On the basis of weapons’ remnants, and consistent with damage that Human Rights Watch observed and witness descriptions of the attack, ANAMA identified the attack as a barrage of Smerch rockets, which are indiscriminate weapons that should not be used in populated areas.
On Ali Nazmi Street, Human Rights Watch observed two destroyed residential buildings, one of them a multi-family structure, and about 30 damaged houses, and spoke to two residents who witnessed the attack. Taleh Asgarov said that flying glass and other debris injured six of his family members. His home and his brother’s house next door were severely damaged. Besti Khalilova, a pensioner, said in a phone interview that she, her son, daughter-in-law, and 1-year-old granddaughter were wounded. She shared by phone a photograph of her granddaughter’s head wound.
A second attack hit on Aziz Aliyev Avenue, where Human Rights Watch observed severely damaged homes and spoke to four witnesses. Gunduz Piira Tural, 31, said the attack destroyed his home, wounded his children and his mother-in-law, and left his wife, 26, unable to see. Gunash Kasimova, 66, said she heard a huge blast and ran into the street, saw that a house had caught fire, and helped drag a 4-year-old girl, Sara, and a baby, out of the house. Sara’s aunt, Seven Amirova, confirmed Kasimova’s account. Rahila Zargarova, 62, said she was having tea when she “heard a huge blast, and the ceiling and roof fell on [her] head.” Her head injury was visible when researchers interviewed her in November.
Armenian forces conducted a third strike that caused damage to a residential area on Nariman Narimanov Avenue. There, Human Rights Watch observed the destroyed home of Abbas Hasanov and his wife, Lala Hasanova, 31, and a crater in their backyard, and spoke to them and Hasanova’s father, Arif Aliyev, who was there during the attack. She said she and her two young children were injured. She heard two explosions and went to turn on the television news when a blast threw her into the living room, sent her daughter into another room, and covered her and her son in debris. She and her daughter suffered bruises and cuts and her son had broken arms and fingers, the family said.
October 11
At about 1:50 a.m. on October 11, Armenian forces fired a Scud-B ballistic missile that detonated in a residential neighborhood between Ganja’s parallel streets of Alakbar bay Rafibayli and H. Aliyev Avenue, killing 10 civilians and wounding 34 others, according to residents and official sources. Human Rights Watch observed a massive crater and more than 20 damaged or destroyed buildings in the area, behind a row of multi-story commercial buildings facing Aliyev Avenue, close to a small park.
Two witnesses, Akifa Bayramova, 63, and Shargiya Dashdamirova, 68, interviewed separately, said the explosion buried them and that they had to be pulled out of the rubble. Bayramova estimated that at least 60 families had lived in the buildings that were damaged or destroyed. Dashdamirova said she was still “covered in bruises” and had difficulty walking 10 days after the attack, when Human Rights Watch spoke to her. Her home was completely destroyed.
Saadat Alasgarova, 43, said the attack killed her brother-in-law, his wife, and their son, destroyed their two-story home, and killed seven other people.
ANAMA said that it recovered remnants of a Scud-B ballistic missile at the site. Based on images of the remnants tweeted by an Azerbaijan government official, an independent weapons analyst also identified it as a Scud-B.
Human Rights Watch analysis of satellite imagery taken between October 9 and 16 identified military weapons and equipment at sites 700 meters and one kilometer from the impact crater of the October 11 attack on Ganja; neither military site was damaged. Satellite imagery showed a third site, 200 meters from the October 11 attack, that contained transport vehicles. Human Rights Watch was not able to verify whether the site or the vehicles observed there were used to support military operations.
October 17
At about 1 a.m. on October 17, ballistic missiles hit two residential neighborhoods in Ganja, killing 21 civilians, including five who had died of their wounds after the attack as of November 6, according to residents and official sources.
One missile, which ANAMA identified as a Scud-B, hit the residential Mukhtar Hajiev Street. Human Rights Watch interviewed 13 residents who were at home at the time of attack, and observed 10 houses destroyed and over 20 damaged at the site. Shaira Guliyeva, 47, whose home was next to the impact crater said:
We found our neighbor’s leg in what used to be our kitchen. [Someone’s] intestines were found on a telephone wire. Two children were killed in a neighboring house – their bedroom was completely destroyed, so the family could not even recover the bodies.
Guliyeva said that her nephew, Arthur Guliyev, 13, had to be dug out after the attack and died a week later and that her sister, Gulnara, was seriously injured and remained in the hospital as of November 6. She said that flying debris also injured her and her mother.
Fakhriya Aliyeva, 20, whose house was destroyed, said her neighbors Zuleiha Shakhnazarova and Royal Shakhnazarov and their 16-month-old daughter Madina Shakhnazarli were killed, leaving their 3-year-old daughter in her grandparents’ care. Aliyeva said Madina’s “body was found under the debris of their house and her mother’s [severed] head was found in the courtyard.”
Timur Sarkarov said the explosion destroyed his father’s home, killing his father, sister, brother, and two nieces and leaving three survivors wounded and traumatized, including another brother, who lost his hearing.
Ramiz Gahramanov was home when the strike killed his daughter, daughter-in-law, and two grandsons, ages 6 and 11, and destroyed his two-story home. After the attack, he said he had to identify his family from pieces of their hair and body parts.
Mahir Bagirov, 55 and Bahar Bagirova, 53, had lived at their house with their daughter Ilaha Hamzayeva and her three children, ages 9, 7, and 2, when it was destroyed in the attack. Hamzayeva, 29, said that each night since the attack, she “cannot stop shaking” and her toddler “barely eats anything... [and] keeps saying ‘Mama, bomb.’”
Almost simultaneously with the attack on Mukhtar Hajiev Street, a second Scud-B missile hit the Avtozavod neighborhood on Suleyman Rustem primary road. The attack destroyed or left uninhabitable 15 family homes and damaged 40 to 50 others, residents said. Human Rights Watch observed a large crater and dozens of damaged or destroyed residential buildings and munition remnants scattered at the blast site on November 7, and other missile remnants at the ANAMA headquarters in Baku on November 4.
Human Rights Watch interviewed nine Avtozavod neighborhood residents, including Farhad Heydarov, 64, who showed his house with destroyed doors, windows, and roof and pointed out a building where he said a woman named Maral and her granddaughter were killed. Basti Jafarova, 62, said she was treated in the same hospital room where Maral died.
Jafarova’s 10 family members suffered cuts after the blast, which tore off their roof. Two members of the extended Mammadov family said that the explosion destroyed three homes where they and nine other family members lived, and killed two relatives, Elman Mammadov, 52, and his sister-in-law Aybaniz Mammadova, 40. Azad Jafarov, 30, said the explosion destroyed her house and embedded pieces of a plastic window frame in her body, causing “horrible pain.”
Satellite imagery showed a large area of military deployment with increased military vehicular activity during October that abuts residential areas in southeastern Ganja. The edge of the military site is 270 meters from the ballistic missile strike on Suleyman Rustem primary road.
September and October Attacks on Tartar District
Tartar City
Azerbaijan maintained a significant military presence in or near parts of the city of Tartar. Armenian forces frequently shelled the city throughout the conflict.
On September 28, the second day of fighting, a fragment of a shell that struck the main street in front of the Tartar District Court hit an ambulance and cut off the leg of the driver, Ganbar Asadov, 52. Another shell killed Mehman Aliyev, a 45-year-old civilian on the sidewalk about 20 meters from the courthouse. On November 8, Human Rights Watch observed damage to the area consistent with artillery shelling.
Satellite images show that new fighting positions, trenches, and military equipment were established after September 27, surrounding the southern and western parts of Tartar city.
During October, new tactical deployments emerged immediately adjacent to residential areas in Tartar and nearby towns. From October 8 to 23, the number of Azerbaijani artillery rocket launchers located near Tartar city increased from one to four.
Satellite imagery recorded on October 23 showed substantial damage and cratering from shelling throughout Tartar city during October. Hundreds of craters consistent with heavy artillery shelling were concentrated in the Shikharkh neighborhood, on the city’s western edge, comprised of multi-story residential buildings for people displaced by fighting in the 1990s. Specific satellite imagery of Shikharkh recorded on October 3 shows signs of an artillery attack, and a video uploaded to social media by a local resident on October 2, which Human Rights Watch viewed, shows an artillery attack on a kindergarten in the settlement that day.
While in Tartar city on November 8, Human Rights Watch observed severely damaged houses and shops on the main street, as well as numerous military vehicles.
October 15 Attack on Tartar City Cemetery
At around 12:45 p.m. on October 15, an Armenian forces strike hit a cemetery 400 meters north of Tartar, killing four civilians attending a funeral, Parviz Orujov, 31, Shakir Zamanov, 32, Vasif Rustamov, 60, and Iskandar Amirov, 53, witnesses said. Four men were injured.
Fizuli Mammadov, 54, who was wounded in the attack, said in a phone interview that they had gone to the cemetery to bury his aunt, who died of natural causes. He said that they were carrying her body to the cemetery entrance when they heard whistling overhead. They dropped the body to run for cover when a munition exploded about 50 meters away, and a few minutes later, another munition hit a grave nearby. Mammadov said he was injured in his back, leg, and left arm, which required surgery.
Rafael Gazanfarli, 34, a mullah who came from Goranboy for the burial, said in a phone interview that he was wounded in both legs and one of his kidneys by 11 fragments.
The witnesses said they did not observe any military targets in the vicinity of the cemetery at the time of the attack. Human Rights Watch visited the cemetery on November 8 and examined the damaged graves.
Barda District
October 28 Attack on Barda City
An Armenian strike hit Barda City at about 1:30 p.m. on October 28. Dr. Vusal Mammadov, 40, the director and chief surgeon of the Barda Treatment and Diagnostic Center, said he was working at the center when “everything turned dirt, dust, and soil, and [we] lost all the windows.” A fragment from a second explosion wounded a nurse, Ramziya Guliyeva, leaving her unable to move her legs and damaged dialysis machines, and shattered glass cut 22 patients and staff, Mammadov said.
Human Rights Watch observed damage to the clinic, severe damage to a State Migration Service office, and to the windows and concrete perimeter wall of a sports complex, consistent with an explosive weapon with wide area effects. Clinic staff showed Human Rights Watch researchers on November 9 remnants of unguided Smerch rockets that produce blast and fragmentation effects, which they said they had collected from the clinic’s grounds from the attack. The attack was apparently part of the Smerch rocket barrage at 1:30 p.m. on October 28, which Human Rights Watch previously documented, that killed 21 civilians and wounded 70, with cluster munitions and parachute-retarded high-explosive fragmentation rocket.
On October 29, the local Nagorno Karabakh Defense Army listed six sites in Barda as military targets, without providing locations.
November 7 Attack in Ayrija Village
On November 7, Armenian forces fired a rocket that struck an agricultural field near the village of Ayrija, and killed Shahmaly Rahimov, 16, as he was playing with other children. No other children were wounded. ANAMA identified the munition as a 9M528 Smerch rocket, which carries a warhead that produces blast and fragmentation effect.
Human Rights Watch visited the site and the place where Shahmaly’s relatives said he was killed, nearly 100 meters from the impact site. His uncles, Isa Rahimov, 65, and Gulmaly Rahimov, 58, said that no one else was wounded and that it was the only attack on Ayrija. When Human Rights Watch visited the small rural settlement two days after the strike, researchers did not observe any military objectives in the area.
Even if there was a valid military target, attacks that use weapons that cannot distinguish between civilians and civilian structures and military targets are unlawfully indiscriminate.
Goranboy District
October 4 and October 28 Attack in Tapgaragoyunlu Village
An artillery attack on October 4 at about 3:30 p.m. wounded Gumush Garayeva, 52. “Suddenly a wave lifted me and threw me against the wall,” she said. “A cloud of dust and smoke filled the room. I could not see anything. My left leg was bleeding.” | ||||
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] | 2023-09-11T16:09:35+00:00 | An Armenian Catholic bishop is calling for prayer and action as some 120,000 ethnic Armenians face what he and other experts call “genocide by starvation.” “It is a violation of every kind of law,” Bishop Mikael A. Mouradian of the California-based Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Nareg told OSV News. The eparchy is … Continued | ca | CNEWA Canada | https://cnewa.org/ca/ancient-christian-enclave-faces-genocide-by-starvation-says-armenian-catholic-bishop/ | An Armenian Catholic bishop is calling for prayer and action as some 120,000 ethnic Armenians face what he and other experts call “genocide by starvation.”
“It is a violation of every kind of law,” Bishop Mikael A. Mouradian of the California-based Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Nareg told OSV News. The eparchy is part of the Armenian Catholic Church, one of the 24 self-governing churches in full communion with the bishop of Rome constituting the worldwide Catholic communion of churches.
For the past nine months, Azerbaijani forces have blocked the only road leading from Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh (known by Armenians as Artsakh), a historic Armenian enclave located in southwestern Azerbaijan and internationally recognized as part of that nation.
The blockade of the three-mile (five-kilometer) Lachin Corridor, which connects the roughly 1,970 square mile enclave to Armenia, has deprived residents of food, baby formula, oil, medication, hygienic products and fuel — even as a convoy of trucks with an estimated 400 tons of aid is stalled at the single Azerbaijani checkpoint.
According to BBC News, local journalist Irina Hayrapetyan has reported that some residents have fainted from hunger while waiting in line for subsistence rations.
In February, the International Court of Justice ordered Azerbaijan to ensure “unimpeded movement of persons, vehicles and cargo along the Lachin Corridor in both directions.”
However, the International Committee of the Red Cross said in July that “despite persistent efforts” the Red Cross was “not currently able to bring humanitarian assistance to the civilian population through the Lachin corridor or through any other routes.”
That same month, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken urged Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev to ensure transit through the corridor and to pursue peace negotiations.
The U.S. is “deeply concerned about the humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh,” Linda Thomas-Greenfield, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, said during a 16 August U.N. Security Council briefing on Armenia and Azerbaijan. “Access to food, medicine, baby formula, and energy should never be held hostage.”
Her remarks echoed those made earlier in August by four special rapporteurs for the U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Luis Moreno Ocampo, founding chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, said the blockade amounts to a direct violation of the 1948 Genocide Convention, which prohibits “deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction.”
“It is time for the United States and other world powers to act,” he said in an online 11 August statement.
With the area surrounded by Muslim-majority Azerbaijan, the blockade amounts to an “ethnic cleansing of Christians,” since “the sole Christian people in the Caucasus are now the Armenians,” who are “not new in the region,” said Bishop Mouradian.
“Armenians have been living on that land for more than 3,000 years,” he said, “There are a lot of churches there from the fourth, eighth, 10th centuries. It’s not a new thing for Armenians.”
Armenia was the first nation to officially adopt Christianity in 301, having been evangelized by the Apostles Thaddeus and Bartholomew between A.D. 40 and 60.
Both Christian Armenians and Turkic Azeris lived for centuries in the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which became part of the Russian Empire during the 19th century. After World War I, the region became an autonomous part of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan.
Nagorno-Karabakh declared itself independent in 1991 after the fall of the Soviet Union, and quickly became the focus of a 1992-1994 struggle between Armenia and Azerbaijan for control of the region, with some 30,000 killed and more than 1 million displaced. Russia brokered a 1994 ceasefire, and in a 2017 referendum, voters approved a new constitution and a change in name to the Republic of Artsakh (although “Nagorno Karabakh Republic” also remains an official name).
A second war broke out in 2020 when Azerbaijan launched an offensive to reclaim territory, with 3,000 Azerbaijani soldiers and 4,000 Armenian soldiers killed. Russian peacekeepers were stationed to monitor a renewed ceasefire and to guard the Lachin Corridor, but fighting erupted again in 2022.
Bishop Mouradian said the current blockade revives the specter of the 1915-1916 Armenian genocide, when up to 1.2 million Armenians were slaughtered and starved under the Ottoman Empire. The atrocities were the basis for lawyer Raphael Lemkin’s development of the term “genocide.”
Bishop Mouradian’s own grandparents fled the Ottoman attacks, resettling in Lebanon, where the bishop as a child witnessed that nation’s civil war.
“I know very well war is a bad thing,” he told OSV News. “War and armaments are not the solution. Dialogue is the resolution.”
However, he warned against “dialogue that becomes a monologue where the powerful control everything,” and stressed the need for “dialogue where respect for each other is very clear, especially where the right to live freely on ancestral lands is accepted by both sides.”
Bishop Mouradian also urged the U.S. government to uphold section 907 of the 1992 Freedom Support Act, which broadly prohibits aid to Azerbaijan’s government with some exceptions. The restriction can be annually waived by the President, who did so most recently in January, claiming the move was necessary for counterterrorism and security efforts.
But the waiver is enabling Azerbaijan to violate human rights, said Bishop Mouradian.
“Azerbaijan is using U.S. military aid to attack Armenian cities in Artsakh,” he said, noting that human rights abuses, in addition to those incurred by the blockade, have been reported.
Last year, the European Parliament acknowledged and condemned a “systematic, state-level policy of ‘Armenophobia,’ historical revisionism and hatred toward Armenians promoted by Azerbaijani authorities.”
Azerbaijani border guards in the region have been accused of kidnappings and illegal detentions.
“Armenia is the sole democratic country in the region,” said Bishop Mouradian, adding that “the values that made human history (worthwhile) are being lost nowadays.”
“It is a God-given freedom … to live on the land of our ancestors and to make our own laws according to the beliefs that we have, be it (as) Armenians, Turks, Ukrainians, Russians,” he said. “As human beings, we have the right to live freely on this earth.” | |||||
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PMCID: PMC6530163
PMID: 31118029
Role of malaria partners in malaria elimination in Armenia
,1 ,2 ,1 ,3 ,2 ,2 ,2 and 3,4
Vladimir A. Davidyants
1National Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Erevan, Armenia
Find articles by Vladimir A. Davidyants
Anatoly V. Kondrashin
2Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Find articles by Anatoly V. Kondrashin
Artavazd V. Vanyan
1National Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Erevan, Armenia
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Lola F. Morozova
3Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitic Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Natalia A. Turbabina
2Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ekaterina V. Stepanova
2Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Maria S. Maksimova
2Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Find articles by Maria S. Maksimova
Evgeny N. Morozov
3Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitic Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
4Department of Tropical, Parasitic Diseases and Disinfectology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Find articles by Evgeny N. Morozov
1National Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Erevan, Armenia
2Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
3Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitic Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
4Department of Tropical, Parasitic Diseases and Disinfectology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Evgeny N. Morozov, Email: ur.liam@vozorome.
Corresponding author.
Copyright © The Author(s) 2019
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Associated Data
Supplementary Materials
GUID: 9BA0580D-A95B-4D52-A35F-C4A28C95A700
Data Availability Statement
The data are available with the National Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Armenia on reasonable request.
Abstract
Malaria control and preventive activities in the countries of the World Health Organization Region for Europe (WHO/EUR) were strengthened within the framework of the Regional Roll Back Malaria strategy adopted by the member-states at the beginning of the 2000s. A political document “From control to malaria elimination” known as the “Tashkent Declaration” was unanimously endorsed by the member-states of the WHO/EUR with malaria problems in 2005. Since then, considerable progress has been achieved in the countries of the region, signified by the dramatic reduction of malaria incidence in conjunction with the prevention of re-establishment of infection on the territories where malaria was eliminated earlier. Several countries of the region had been certified by the WHO as free of local malaria transmission as a result of the activities of their National Malaria Elimination Programme, Armenia being one of the first in 2011. One of the main lessons learnt during the implementation of the activities by the National Malaria Elimination Programme in Armenia was that the development of an operational plan for malaria elimination required a comprehensive national effort. Full support, both political and financial, from the highest levels of government to smooth coordination between different government ministries, such as Agriculture, Defense, Finance, Health and Policy and Planning and others, was a prerequisite for operational success. The role and place of various partners in the achievement of malaria elimination in the country is discussed in this review.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2814-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Keywords: Malaria, Control, Elimination, Partnership, Intersectoral cooperation, Armenia
Background
Malaria was eliminated in the Republic of Armenia at the beginning of the 1960s. The country was able to maintain its local malaria-free status until 1994 [1, 2]. Transmission of malaria (exclusively Plasmodium vivax cases) was resumed in the wake of the collapse of the former USSR, the consequence of a massive earthquake in 1988, the large-scale malaria outbreaks in bordering countries, massive influx of refugees from malaria endemic areas, and socio-economic and political changes in the region [3, 4]. As one of the consequences of such changes, the breakdown of the Ararat Valley drainage system in the early 1990s resulted in elevated ground water levels and created extensive surface water ideal for the breeding of Anopheles sp. mosquitoes. These events coincided with the war with Azerbaijan. As a result, there were an appreciable number of malaria cases imported by Armenian servicemen and refugees. According the UNHCR, the war was responsible for displacement of more than 1 million people on both sides [5].
Until 1993, only sporadic malaria cases were imported from abroad, however, importation increased to 195 cases in 1994, and 502 in 1995. Most of the patients were infected during their temporary stay in territories bordering Azerbaijan and Iran. In 1994, the first indigenous case was registered in Armenia since malaria elimination in 1963. Malaria transmission returned to Armenia in full swing by 1996 (149 indigenous cases out of total of 347 cases reported). In 1997, 567 cases (67.4%) were indigenous. In 1998, a total of 1156 cases (542 being indigenous) were reported. Out of a total of 81 districts in the country, 30 recorded malaria cases. In 1998, 89% of the autochthonous cases were detected in the Masis District of the Ararat valley, an area bordering Turkey.
In order to contain malaria epidemic, the Armenian Ministry of Health (MOH) requested support from the WHO in 1996. WHO/EURO and WHO/HQ responded with tailored emergency support over the period 1997–2000. Further supplies for vector control, laboratory diagnosis and malaria treatment were delivered ahead of the peak of the 1998 transmission season, with the support of the United Armenian Fund of the USA. That same year, the MOH and WHO arranged for an extensive training programme on malaria control for the national staff, in cooperation with two WHO Collaborating Centres: the Instituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, provided training for entomologists and spray men, and the Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Moscow, provided training on malaria diagnosis.
In January 2000, the WHO/EUR assisted the MOH in planning epidemic control measures, and to re-activate the RBM partnership and coordinate activities with the UNICEF and IFRC, the main malaria control partners in Armenia. It also assisted in a preliminary assessment for the establishment of a geographic information system to enhance malaria surveillance in the country. An appeal to support anti-malarial activities in Armenia was developed jointly by the UNICEF, IFRC and WHO, to a total budget of US$ 216,360.
Simultaneously with the efforts to combat the reintroduction of malaria in the late 1990s, the government of Armenia launched an inter-sectoral effort to eliminate malaria in the whole country, the MOH being coordinating the activities of all partners in implementation of all anti malaria activities (Fig. ). Place and role of Malaria Partnership in malaria control and elimination in Armenia is discussed below.
Geography of Armenia
Armenia is a landlocked country in Asia, between the Black and Caspian Seas, bordered on the north and east by Georgia and Azerbaijan and on the south and west by Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey. The terrain is mostly mountainous and occasionally flat, with fast flowing rivers and few forests but with many scattered trees. The climate is highland continental, featuring hot summers and cold winters. The land rises to 4095 m above sea-level at Mount Aragats, and no point is below 400 m above sea level (Fig. ). Only 16.78% of the land mass is arable with about 2% under permanent cultivation. Irrigated land totals 2860 km2.
Armenia is densely populated and highly urbanized. The urban population is 2,081,000 (64.3%) of total country population. Population of the capital city, Yerevan, is 1.1 million. 30% of population lives in formerly malaria-endemic areas, particularly in and around the Ararat Valley. Demographic trends over the last 25 years have been shaped by huge migration of population.
The territory of the Republic is divided into 10 marzes, or regions. The territory of each marz is further divided into communities.
Like other former Soviet States, Armenia’s economy suffers from the legacy of a centrally planned economy and the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns. GDP has fallen nearly 60% from its 1989 level. Since 1994, the country has been able to carry out wide-ranging economic reforms which paid off in dramatically lower inflation and steady growth. Armenia has registered strong economic growth since 1995, building on the turnaround that began the previous year, and inflation has been negligible for the past several years. New sectors, such as precious stone processing and jewelry making, information and communication technology, and tourism are beginning to supplement more traditional sectors, such as agriculture in the economy. This steady economic progress has earned Armenia increasing support from international institutions. The IMF, World Bank, EBRD, as well as other international financial institutions and foreign countries are extending considerable grants and loans. Total loans extended to Armenia since 1993 exceed US$ 800 million.
International tourism is a potentially important opportunity for economic development in Armenia. In recent years, the Ministry of Economy has been actively working to enhance the tourism sector. In doing so, there has been close collaboration with malaria elimination efforts, recognizing the potential benefit this could have on the growth of global travel to Armenia. Specific contributions toward elimination have included regulating travel outfitters within the country and overseeing malaria prevention advice to Armenians travelling abroad. Arrival numbers have steadily increased by 20–25% every year since 2001. The number reached 684,000 in 2010 and was expected to climb to more than 800,000 in 2011. The Ministry of Economy has established a goal of three million international visitors by 2030.
Health system of Armenia
Armenia began reforming its health sector at an early stage following independence. Reform measures included changes to health care delivery in the ambulatory and inpatient settings as well as to the financial and regulatory framework with the overall aim of enhancing efficiency and accessibility of the health care system. The country health reforms are oriented towards international standards.
The health system today comprises a network of independent, self-financing (or mixed financing) health services that provide statutory services and private services. It is divided into three administrative layers: national (republican), regional (marz) and municipal or community. Following the decentralization and reconfiguration of public services after independence, with the exception of the state hygiene and anti-epidemic inspectorate (SHAEI) and several tertiary care hospitals, operation and ownership of health services devolved to local governments (for PHC) and provincial governments (for hospitals).
Epidemiological features of malaria during resurgence in Armenia
Epidemiology of resurgent malaria in Armenia has been determined by the interaction of factors favorable for malaria transmission as follows:
Climatic factors are suitable for seasonal malaria transmission in the plains (particularly in Ararat valley) and elsewhere up to 1200 m above sea level.
The presence of one or several efficient malaria vectors, particularly Anopheles maculipennis, Anopheles sacharovi and Anopheles superpictus.
Absence of herd immunity to malaria among the population of the country.
Availability of numerous mosquito breeding sites due to collapse of irrigation and drainage systems.
Massive influx of a source of infection among servicemen, refugees and migrants from neighboring malaria endemic countries.
Inadequacies of health services and shortages in supply, equipment, drugs, insecticides.
Among these factors, most important for re-establishment of local malaria transmission had been the massive importation of malaria infection into the country (vulnerability) [6] and collapse of irrigation and drainage systems resulting in creation of numerous malaria vector breeding sites (receptivity) [7].
Due to impact of anti malaria interventions, greatly supported by external assistance in conjunction with internal resources, the malaria situation started to improve in 1998 when total of 542 indigenous cases of Plasmodium vivax were reported in Armenia as compared with a total of 567 cases during the previous year (Fig. ). The majority of both indigenous and imported cases were found in Masis and Martz Districts in the Ararat valley (Fig. ). Since 2000, the number of malaria cases (imported and autochthonous) had further demonstrated a declining trend. Only 3 autochthonous cases were reported in 2005—all from a single community. Since then, no autochthonous cases have been reported in the country (Fig. ) (Additional file 1).
Role of partners in malaria elimination in Armenia
The Government of Armenia made malaria elimination a priority following malaria burden falls by the year 2005. High-level political involvement proved that it was necessary to secure domestic funding and to ensure flexibility in programme decision-making. It had also demonstrated that the government was willing to do what it takes to ensure elimination and maintain it once it has been achieved. A clear understanding was embedded in the Government that malaria elimination would be unlikely achieved only by the conventional health system: many parts of government and society would have to work together.
The intersectoral work was launched since 1999, by the order of the President of Armenia. Following the order, the Interagency Coordination Committee was established with patronage of Prime Minister who approved several documents regulating intersectoral coordination regarding: (1) the structure of Coordination Committee, (2) distribution of responsibilities, (3) plan of action. The structure of the committee can be seen in Organigramme (Fig. ). The Cabinet of Ministers Decree regulates distinct distribution of functions between the government bodies, international and non-governmental organizations. Governmental organizations—partners in malaria elimination are headed by the specialists at the rank of the Deputy Minister or by senior managers. The Decree specifies, in full details, the functions of the Ministry of Health, other ministries, municipal bodies of Yerevan city and marzes, other agencies and major concerns.
Plan of action of the Intersectoral Coordination Committee covers all aspects of intersectoral collaboration
Numerous meetings of the Committee were held to discuss its members’ reports on the work done and other important issues of malaria elimination. Basically, interagency collaboration was set in 2 directions: vertical relationship- local authorities and horizontal relationship—ministries and agencies in the context of relevant objectives. All marzes and Erevan city had their malaria elimination action plan endorsed by respective local authorities and coordinated with local epidemiological surveillance bodies. These plans reflected all principal directions of local authorities aimed at the vector-borne disease control: early detection of cases, laboratory confirmed diagnosis, prompt hospitalization and treatment, environmental management and manipulation, water management, biological control of vectors, sanitation, public awareness and alike.
Once partners were identified, the national malaria programme became the central coordinator to ensure that there was no duplication of work and that the activities of partners were fully aligned with the national strategic plan. In planning multi-year and annual operations, the government established a common work plan with its partners and integrated their activities and milestones into the action plan. The Ministry of Health arranged to meet all partners regularly to ensure that activities are aligned, do not duplicate each other and support the national strategic plan. Twice a year, Ministry of Health conducted together with local authorities monthly malaria protection campaign in accordance with specially developed and approved plans. In 2009 and 2010, round-table discussion, organized by the Ministry of Health with the support from the WHO country office, were held in Yerevan. The round table was attended by all of the country stakeholders: healthcare services, migration service, border service, education, tourism, economic development, mass media. This is another evidence of the importance of intersectoral collaboration and of the adherence of the Ministry of Health to this style of work. Taking into consideration epidemiological situation in the neighbouring countries, border coordination of the malaria-related activities is of particular importance.
Attention attracts a fact that inter-sectoral work had deserved interest of international organizations. In 2002, Armenia was invited to participate at the World Congress of malaria in Washington as an example of comprehensively organized inter-sectoral works against malaria. Vladimir Davidyants, the chief state sanitary doctor of Armenia, Alik Sargsyan, the Governor of the Ararat marz, and Vladimir Tatevosyan, the Head of the reconstruction and collector-drainage networks in the Ararat valley, were invited to the congress.
Numerous meetings of the Interagency Coordination Committee were held to discuss its members’ reports on the work done and other important issues of malaria elimination.
Role of malaria partners in strengthening malaria surveillance system
Prior to the involvement of malaria partners in malaria control/elimination efforts the health delivery system in the country consisted of the following components:
The system of the Ministry of Health;
Other state systems performing health services (Defense, Police, Security, Civil Aviation, Education);
The system of health facilities established by or functioning under the authority of local municipalities;
Private Health facilities;
Humanitarian organizations and NGOs performing health projects;
Donor-countries and international organizations performing health programmes.
The important role of partners in malaria control was felt particularly in strengthening malaria surveillance country-wide. The backbone of surveillance system is detection of malaria cases by all parts of the health system, e.g. public, private, NGOs, Military, in conjunction with developing reference laboratory capacity for verification of parasitological diagnosis of infection, which is required for decision-making. Therefore compulsory, immediate notification of case(s) is a must [8].
To ensure that malaria is a strictly notifiable disease in the country, the Government issued an order to the effect that all health treatment facilities be it in the governmental or private sector or in specialized services like Defence, Police, National Security, should report on each detected or suspected malaria case to the malaria programme via the MoH. Following the decree by the President, malaria cases could be identified at private sector providers, but should be immediately transferred to publicly-supported infectious disease hospitals. Malaria patients detected at the health treatment facilities in the state systems other than the MoH could be treated there but blood slide had to be sent for confirmation to the Reference Centre. All detected and treated cases in the health treatment facilities in the governmental, non-governmental and private sector must be reported to the MoH within 24 h. The MoH, through its SHAEFI personnel, regularly provides consultative assistance to personnel of private sector engaged in malaria detection activities through field visits, organization of seminars provision of learning aids and alike.
Malaria programme from its side rendered all necessary support to their partners to ensure the quality assurance in the field of malaria diagnosis and treatment of cases. Similarly, the MOH assumed that it would become aware of febrile tourists with suspected malaria through information from hotels, outfitters, and travel agencies. Such a cooperation between various partners in detection and treatment of cases resulted in the improvement of surveillance coverage in time and place. This is exemplified by the fact that the Annual blood examination rate (ABER) was almost doubled in 2007–2010, as compared with previous years (Table ).
Table 1
YearTotal slides collectedABER (%)200119,5093.1200219,7073.1200320,1143.7200419,4353.5200517,7203.2200619,1763.6200730,4795.5200829,0955.2200930,0105.3201028,9355.1
Another consequence of fruitful cooperation of malaria partners was the fact that no single case of asymptomatic carrier of malaria parasite was registered. Absence of asymptomatic cases could be explained by combination of highly efficient laboratory service, equally efficient surveillance system and deployment of Directly-Observed Treatment (DOT) of malaria cases. Molecular diagnostic methods were not used during those times. However, there was an absence of relapses among every treated case during the follow up period of 3 years.
Figure depicts the time lag between diagnosis and onset of treatment, which is minimal; Fig. depicts the efficiency of the surveillance and epidemiological investigations of malaria cases and foci.
Role of malaria partners in prevention local malaria transmission
Soldiers undertaking service in malaria endemic areas abroad, contracting there infection and returning back to their native places were identified as the main source of infection. Dynamics of the spatial distribution of indigenous cases indicate that the first clusters were confined to the areas adjoining Azerbaijan. Commencing from the year 1995, the proliferation of malaria into interior of the country took place on a large scale. By the year 1998, intensive malaria foci were confined to the whole territory of the Ararat valley and beyond.
To prevent malaria contraction among military personnel and border guards, their respective health services carried out malaria prophylaxis during the season of transmission (May–September). Chloroquine single dose (300 mg) once a week was used for the purpose. Decommissioned military personnel who return from endemic areas of neighbouring countries were until 2009 systematically placed on terminal prophylaxis with primaquine (14 days) [9]. Primaquine was used in the standard dose for preventing relapses in P. vivax (15 mg base single dose for adults during 14 days). All cases of malaria were treated in the presence of/by medical personnel (DOT). Cases were not examined for G6PD deficiency for want of special tests. No single case of haemolytic anaemia was reported. The list of all decommissioned military personnel with the details of their residential addresses were sent to the MoH for further communication with the local health authorities. A completed primaquine treatment card was needed before the soldiers would receive the military service pass that is required for work clearances or special privileges for entry the university; compliance was, therefore, estimated at 100%. These ex-soldiers were also followed up for 3 years to make sure no late primary attacks or relapses of P. vivax occurred. Intensive health education was also provided. The administration of this system was carried out in close cooperation between the Ministry of Defense, the surveillance staff, and the local ambulatory clinic. This terminal prophylaxis system was abandoned in 2010 after malaria was eliminated. The surveillance system is continuing to monitor decommissioned forces for other health concerns, for a period of 3 years upon return. For instance, in 2011 in Shirak, 5400 young men in the 18–20 year age bracket (out of a total province population of 251,540) were called upon for the 2-year obligatory military service through the biannual recruitment drives. Relatively few of the new recruits (perhaps 200/year) would be expected to travel abroad to current or formerly endemic areas. The surveillance system was to keep a close watch on these recruits upon return: actual numbers and names of decommissioned service men had to be provided by the Ministry of Defense directly to the programme so that it could carry out the health investigations and follow up required before the ex-soldiers receive their military service pass.
Another high-risk group for malaria was the border guards, as part of the border area is swampy with extensive potential mosquito breeding sites. There are at present 13 military posts on the border with Turkey, staffed by Armenian and Russian forces. Regularly, about 1500 Armenian jobseekers travel to Georgia and Turkey, countries with residual active malaria transmission. Public health services for the Russian troops are provided by Russia, while the local health services look after the Armenian forces. Unusual health events (including malaria) in the border guards are to be reported by the Russians to the Armenian surveillance system. The border patrols used to take chloroquine as malaria chemoprophylaxis during the transmission season. This practice was stopped in 2007.
Interior Ministry had furnished the MoH with the lists of all such decommissioned persons with the details of their residential addresses. The personnel of malaria control programme provided with primaquine treatment all returnees from military service. As a result of such cooperation, the number of both imported and indigenous cases demonstrated drastic reduction in the country, and the last indigenous case was reported in 2005 (Fig. ).
Rehabilitation of drainage system in the Ararat valley
The role of partners such as Agriculture, Territorial Administration, Economy and Finance Ministries in malaria control was particularly important in the rehabilitation of the extensive drainage system in the Ararat Valley (Ararat and Armavir Marzes). Early funding for this restoration was obtained in 1998 from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development [10] and in 2001 from the World Bank. In consultation with the MoH, priority was given to rehabilitation of the drainage system in the areas most affected by malaria. While in 1998 there were 80,000 hectares of standing water, by 2010 this had been reduced to 15,000 hectares.
The target for the drainage system was to keep the ground water table at least 2 metres below the surface. Experiences revealed that at levels above 1 m, standing water collections and mosquito breeding become a problem. To check the situation, 450 water table sentinel measurement points were monitored by project staff three times per month, and water table maps were developed based on these observations. In 2010, 72% of the surface area was kept at > 3 m depth, 6% at 2–3 m, 19% at 1–2 m, and 2.85% (total of 394,000 hectares) had water table at less than 1 m depth. These wetter areas included areas surrounding the extensive fish ponds where a lower ground water table was undesirable for economic reasons. There is a strong correlation between the improvement in the drainage system in the Ararat Valley and malaria incidence as can be seen in Fig. .
Water management activities were carried out simultaneously with close contact with local administration, department of agriculture, fishery department and health services which had placed malaria control high on the summer monthly agenda from 1998 onwards. Cleaning of drainage canals, land improvement, strengthened surveillance, health education and screening of hospitals and houses near standing water were carried out as intervention measures. Malaria is still on the provincial agenda, even though there have been no cases in recent years. As of 2011, rehabilitation of the drainage system has been completed, and work is continuing with support from various sources, also because of the economic importance of agriculture in Ararat Valley.
The role of other malaria partners in malaria elimination was equally important (Table ).
Table 2
Malaria partnerContribution to malaria eliminationMinistry of Defence
Organization and implementation of malaria epidemiological surveillance in the army; monitoring, analysis, evaluation of detected cases, forecasting and decision-making
Entomological vector surveillance of malaria in the army, preparation of passports of water stands located in the territory of military regimens, calculation of malaria seasonal elements, monitoring of Anopheles mosquito population, density, seasonal movement and phenological observations
Malaria diagnosis, treatment and follow up of military personnel
Seasonal and inter-seasonal chemoprophylaxis
Education and awareness of military personnel
Monitoring of and ensuring proper implementation of anti-malaria activities in military regiments
Implementation of malaria prevention activities in peace-keeping troops
Ministry of Education/ScienceArranged that foreign students from malaria endemic countries were treated at the Medical University policlinic. After a basic medical examination (malaria examination included) they are followed up by the University outpatient clinic and examined for malaria in all cases of fever and upon return after holidays in their native countries. In addition, the Ministry approved malaria-related academic curricula for Yerevan State Medical University and the Institute of Epidemiology, Virology and Medical ParasitologyInterior Ministry and Police DepartmentThere are at present no organized contingents of foreign workers from malaria endemic countries in Armenia. However, there are Armenians who regularly migrate abroad for work(Turkey, Georgia). Migrants need to check in with the family doctor or nurse before departure to get the required travel health certificate and will be checked again on their return by the airport health unitMinistry of Nature Protection and Ministry of Emergency SituationsHad been actively involved in the process of malariogenic stratification of the territory of Armenia through provision of data on average daily, monthly and annual temperature, as well as on level of precipitation collected at the control sites and reporting these data to the Ministry of HealthMinistry of Territorial AdministrationThe Personnel of the Ministry were engaged in planning, development and maintenance of drainage systems and land amelioration in the Ararat Valley. It also actively participated through the local governments in implementation of anti-malaria, preventive and anti-epidemiological activities at community (local) levelMinistry of Economy and Ministry of Civil AviationCoordinated activities of travel agencies through the Tourism Service of Armenia under Ministry of Economy of Armenia. This cooperation resulted in awareness of travel agencies on malaria risk in endemic areas, and in the awareness of tourists on malaria risk in the destination country. The Ministry of Civil Aviation had ensured proper activity of sanitary and quarantine points (SQP) functioning under the civil aviation system, insect-related examination of international airplanes arriving from endemic areas and monitoring vector-control measures. It also ensured urgent reporting to the MOH (according to the defined mechanism) by airline companies on cases of malaria detected on-board aircraftMinistry of AgricultureApart from active participation in the amelioration of drainage system in Ararat valley, it assumed coordinating role in the judicial use of pesticide for agriculture and public health. It also played a decisive role in the coordination of crop cultivation patterns facilitating the reduction of potential mosquito breeding sitesMinistry of FinanceEnsured state budget allocation for prevention malaria re-establishment within the Health Care SystemNational Statistical ServiceSupported collection and publication on national level the aggregated statistical data on population and communicable diseases, including malariaCommunity engagementIt’s role in malaria elimination activities could be seen through the achievement of the malaria programme coverage targets, particularly those related to case detection, DOT treatment (compliance to 17 day treatment at the hospital), and vector control (acceptance of IRS, ITNs, windows screening and distribution of larvivorous fishPrivate sectorParticipation in detection and diagnosis of suspected malaria cases and in the health education activities
In addition to the contributions of the ministries and government agencies listed here, civil society and professional agencies also took an active role in malaria control. These include the Armenian Medical Association, the Armenian Public Health Association, and the Armenian Public Health Foundation. Such groups contributed to malaria control through organizing continuing education for trained providers; developing and promoting community information, education and communication for malaria prevention and rapid diagnosis and treatment; working with communities of private clinical providers to make sure malaria awareness remains high and reporting complete; and coordinating with travel agencies and outfitters to prepare visitors to meet local and internationally recognized guidelines for preventing travel-associated illness, including malaria.
Conclusions
Elimination of malaria in Armenia was certified by the WHO in 2011. Since then, the country is in the process of implementation of a comprehensive national plan for prevention of re-establishment of malaria transmission that has the state level approval and strongly builds upon intersectoral collaboration established in the elimination process incorporating a full range of government and non-government entities. As a result of such collaboration, no single case of indigenous transmission of malaria was reported in Armenia until now.
Additional file
Acknowledgements
We thank all the staff of the National Malaria Programme of Armenia for their time and efforts to provide us with all available information on malaria control/elimination.
Abbreviations
UNHCRUnited Nations High Commission for RefugeesMoHMinistry of HealthUSAUnited States of AmericaUNICEFUnited Nation Children FundIFRCInternational Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesWHOWorld Health OrganizationWHO/EUREuropean Region of the WHOSHAEFIState Hygiene and Anti-epidemic InspectionRBMRoll Back MalariaDOTDirectly-Observed TreatmentIMFInternational Monetary FundEBRDEuropean Bank of Reconstruction and DevelopmentABERAnnual blood examination rate
Authors’ contributions
VAD, AVV had overall responsibility for study, which included the study concept and prepared a first draft of the paper; AVK provided an overall technical editing of the paper and drafting the manuscripts; ENM, LFM, EVS, MSM and NAT carried out the analysis of the data and participated in the development of tables, graphs and maps. All authors took part in the preparation of the final draft of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Funding
Not applicable
Availability of data and materials
The data are available with the National Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Armenia on reasonable request.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Data used in the paper derived from the National surveillance data of the Ministry of Health and are not subject to ethical clearance as they form part of routine analysis of malaria control/elimination activities on the territory of the republic.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Footnotes
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. | ||||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 7 | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/ | en | Construction of Major Civil and Infrastructure Works | [
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] | null | [] | 2023-09-05T14:38:45+00:00 | Over 110 Years of Outstanding Works Marked by Innovation. | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/ | The Pizzarotti Group is present in almost all geographical areas over the world, where it operates with a workforce of about 12,000 direct and indirect collaborators.
We are engineers, technicians, designers.
We are experts in hydraulics, energy and railways. Together we are a group that has been creating and managing major works in over 20 countries for more than a century. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 58 | https://www.theurbandeveloper.com/articles/roberts-co-buys-out-impresa-pizzarotti | en | Andrew Roberts Buys Back 50pc Stake from Impresa Pizzarotti | https://images.ctfassets.net/8pr762qjocl3/4jLkFI4354WXuRpN7NH71H/61a920427b75085b7e8585cedba649d9/Concord_Hospital_redevelopment_for_Roberts_Pizzarotti | https://images.ctfassets.net/8pr762qjocl3/4jLkFI4354WXuRpN7NH71H/61a920427b75085b7e8585cedba649d9/Concord_Hospital_redevelopment_for_Roberts_Pizzarotti | [
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"Taryn Paris"
] | 2021-01-31T18:53:58.179000+00:00 | Roberts Co Buys Out Italian Shareholder to Become Australian-owned | en | /static/favicon.png | https://www.theurbandeveloper.com/articles/roberts-co-buys-out-impresa-pizzarotti | Roberts Co Group has acquired the remaining 50 per cent share of Roberts Pizzarotti from the Impresa Pizzarotti Group to become wholly Australian owned.
After just four years in the construction industry the privately-owned business has gone from strength to strength with big ticket projects including Zurich Tower, the North Shore Health Hub and the $341 million Concord Hospital redevelopment currently under way.
Roberts Co chief executive Alison Mirams said it was “business as usual” for the boutique tier one construction firm.
“We feel lucky to now be fully Australian owned ... we had a company that had two shareholders and we now have one shareholder, it’s business as usual,” Mirams said.
“We have $650 million in projects, 140 people on staff and our turnover will be $400 million. We’ve grown rapidly but in a really careful way.”
“If you look at how many overseas contractors have come over here and struggled. Pizzarotti was guided by Andrew Roberts and the executive team, and our processes and procedures.
“There were no Italian nationals in the team, there’s no personnel changes, and the financial position of the company remains the same.
Mirams said the company has been heavily focused on improving the industry.
“The better you make the industry, the better it is for everyone,” she said.
“We have looked at the construction industry and how we can improve it … particularly with regards to mental health and wellbeing.
“Our Concord Hospital redevelopment project has been part of a five-day work week study. I’m hoping when we have (the results of an interim report) that I am going to have hard data and we can start to make changes.”
The UNSW two-year study is looking at whether a five-day work week, instead of the six-day industry standard, is beneficial to the mental health and wellbeing of construction workers.
Mirams said Covid had heavily impacted the industry, but like many other sectors they had innovated and adapted to roll out sanitisation on site and allow for social distancing.
“Covid has proved that we can work flexibly and be onsite. I’m hoping it becomes the new normal.” | |||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 41 | https://newyork.citybuzz.co/article/508965/pizzarottis-dominique-paraison-becomes-fifth-person-in-the-united-states-to-obtain-four-train-the-trainer-certifications | en | Pizzarotti’s Dominique Paraison Becomes Fifth Person in the United States to Obtain Four Train the Trainer Certifications | [
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] | null | [] | null | /favicon.ico | citybuzz | https://newyork.citybuzz.co/article/508965 | Pizzarotti, LLC is pleased to announce that Site Safety Manager Dominique Paraison is now the fifth person in the United States to have all four Train the Trainer certifications. Earlier this month, Dominique attended the OSHA 5400 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Standards for the Maritime Industry in Norfolk, Virginia where he received his fourth certification.
An Impressive Career Dedicated to Safe Practices
Dominique holds an OSHA 500 for Construction, OSHA 501 for General Industry, OSHA 5600 OSHA Disaster Site Worker and now a OSHA 5400 for Maritime. Dominque is the Site Safety Manager at Pizzarotti’s Jardim project where he ensures that all phases of construction are approached in the safest way possible. Prior to starting at Pizzarotti, Dominique was the Principal of Integrated Design and Construction, an interdisciplinary architecture, design and construction practice. He was also the Principal of Construction Safety and Health at E-Safety Solutions and a Project Architect at McKissack & McKissack.
Dominique possesses two professional doctorate degrees in Business Administration/Project Management and Global Business Leadership. He also teaches at the New York Institute of Technology, the New York City College of Technology, Pace University and the Mechanic Institute of New York City. Courses he teaches range from Construction Codes to The History of Twentieth Century Architecture. He has spoken at many seminars including “Safety Success” at the Mechanic Institute and “Construction Safety” at the Construction Safety and Health Conference. Dominique also works as a motivational safety speaker and mentor to a number of young industry professionals.
“Having Dominque work on our Jardim project is truly an honor,” said Pizzarotti CEO Marco Martegiani. “His resume is incredibly impressive and it is evident that any project that he works on will be held to the highest safety standards possible. We congratulate Dominique for being honored with this prestigious title.”
About Pizzarotti | ||||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 16 | https://www.emeoutlookmag.com/company-profiles/158-impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A : Anticipating Customer Demands | [
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] | 2017-07-16T10:00:00+00:00 | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A has undergone a process of ongoing evolution in the construction industry for more than a century. | en | EME Outlook Magazine | https://www.emeoutlookmag.com/company-profiles/158-impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A has undergone a process of ongoing evolution in the construction industry for more than a century, driven by the potential in projects which have led to the Company’s successful establishment abroad.
ANTICIPATING CUSTOMER DEMANDS
Impresa Pizzarotti C. S.p.A has been privy to many significant projects over the years, establishing itself as a prominent construction company, held in high esteem by both those in the industry and the Company’s clients. Perhaps one of the most prominent of these projects was related to the construction of the high-speed railway lines from Milano to Bologna and Treviglio to Brescia.
This project changed the lives of many Italian citizens and together with other Italian companies, Impresa Pizzarotti completed the project to an incredibly high standard.
“During the project, we were able to use interesting and innovative systems for the construction of more than 10 kilometres of railway viaducts and beyond,” explains Francesco Aguglia, Project Director at Impresa Pizzarotti. “This solved the problem to the numerous interferences for densely populated territories, while also allowing for optimal landscaping and environmental integration and permeability of the highly relevant infrastructure.”
With some of the more challenging overhangs that the Company came up against – particularly in terms of length – the solution had to be integrated in a similar manner, designed with hyperstatic solutions which were poured on site.
The Company was founded in 1910, following the constitution of an artisan firm named Gino Pizzarotti, and having built upon this, more than a century later Impresa Pizzarotti stands out as a truly modern organisation.
“It was between the 70s and 80s that we began to gain international acclaim in foreign markets, most definitely a crucial step towards the Company’s success,” adds Aguglia. “Our work on post-earthquake reconstruction was particularly significant for the Company’s development; it represented the core relationship that could at times be undervalued, between construction companies and the precast division.”
The past seven years has seen prominent growth for the Company’s business abroad, with the opening of several divisions and affiliate companies. The Company very wisely consolidated its position in countries it already had a presence in, with new projects being acquired in the United States, Russia, Poland, Moldova, Montenegro, Kuwait, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Cameroon, Peru and Australia, and in the next few years the Group will reach 3,000 employees.
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
It is one of the fundamental philosophies of the Company to maintain both a low and concrete profile, therefore simply being able to focus on delivering on its projects in time and subsequently to a high standard of quality and economic sustainability.
Aguglia continues: “We have found the world of construction needs to speak through work, rather than through words; unfortunately, very often we have found words have appeared to take on a greater importance than work for other construction companies.”
In order to support its work, the Company has always focused on both technology and IT innovation, researching and investing in the processes that will improve conditions for employees in general. Alongside this, particular attention is also paid to the safety and environmental sustainability of its own site, proudly boasting an index of injuries far below the industry average.
“At the Company our aim and policy is to focus on the needs of our customers, as well as providing transparency in all interactions with financial operators, local authorities and of course our employees,” affirms Aguglia. “We are able to provide stakeholders with more than 100 years of expertise, built upon reliability and commitment to the industry.”
ADVANCED ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS
In more recent years, the Company has been focused on a persistent search for advanced technology solutions that will enable growth and modernisation of the production processes Impresa Pizzarotti is renowned for.
Due to this, a strong engineering structure is now in place, managing the technical choices for the realisation of the works in order to achieve the best possible technical results, alongside the best economic results for sustainability of the projects.
“Our administrative processes are constantly updated via dedicated procedures that employ the use of custom software,” describes Aguglia. “This allows for a very fast data transfer between offices that are thousands of miles apart, therefore allowing for smoother communications between colleagues located in different places and enabling successful interaction and collaboration.”
Supporting this software is of course a dedicated team of employees, therefore it has become pivotal to pay attention to training processes, across technical, behavioural and management aspects. Training will always have a specific focus and for 2016 it was to hone specific skills to fit corporate requirements, as well as cross-sectoral opportunities that place a particular emphasis on specific and highly specialised knowledge.
“We have always allowed for significant resources when it comes to staff training and moreover, as part of our HR development policy, the Company provides internal academies about specific technical topics, which promote organisational skills within the Impresa Pizzarotti,” explains Aguglia. “From the perspective of individual development, training programmes have been introduced that are dedicated to team working.
“In that regard, the volunteering programme is experienced in collaboration with local associations operating within the social sector to involve in staff and sharing and inclusion projects.”
ATTENTION TO DETAIL
One of the major differences between Impresa Pizzarotti and its competitors is most definitely the close attention paid to the achievement of a result, and this is reflected in a control and the widespread programming of projects, ensuring nothing is forgotten.
“Our aim here is to complete these projects in the allotted time, specifically conforming to the budget and meeting high quality standards,” states Aguglia. “In order to successfully sustain these standards, the aforementioned will often lead to double checks on the activities of every individual employee, therefore minimising the possibility of errors and with that a loss of time that could have a negative impact of the timing of the project.”
With such attention to detail, it is no wonder that Impresa Pizzarotti has enjoyed more than a century of successes in the construction industry.
Aguglia adds: “I believe that our continued success is primarily through the continuity of the Pizzarotti family and the way it enables the delivery of a more solid and competitive place in the market, primarily achieved through the systematic investment of profits produced within the Company.”
That factor has ensured that even throughout some very intense periods of crisis in the Italian and international economies, the Company has been able to successfully overcome it.
“Moving forward, it would be exciting to see our Company unlock a large portfolio of work, some of which is already available and currently stationary due to lengthy administrative and bureaucratic procedures and a lack of funding,” concludes Aguglia. “Similarly it would be great for us to be able to develop our business activities – particularly in the areas where the Company has recently started its business experience – in areas such as the service sector. It is this kind of diversification we are particularly interested in and hope that with time it will provide us and our clients with a greater level of stability.” | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 19 | https://www.emeoutlookmag.com/company-profiles/158-impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A : Anticipating Customer Demands | [
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] | 2017-07-16T10:00:00+00:00 | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A has undergone a process of ongoing evolution in the construction industry for more than a century. | en | EME Outlook Magazine | https://www.emeoutlookmag.com/company-profiles/158-impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A has undergone a process of ongoing evolution in the construction industry for more than a century, driven by the potential in projects which have led to the Company’s successful establishment abroad.
ANTICIPATING CUSTOMER DEMANDS
Impresa Pizzarotti C. S.p.A has been privy to many significant projects over the years, establishing itself as a prominent construction company, held in high esteem by both those in the industry and the Company’s clients. Perhaps one of the most prominent of these projects was related to the construction of the high-speed railway lines from Milano to Bologna and Treviglio to Brescia.
This project changed the lives of many Italian citizens and together with other Italian companies, Impresa Pizzarotti completed the project to an incredibly high standard.
“During the project, we were able to use interesting and innovative systems for the construction of more than 10 kilometres of railway viaducts and beyond,” explains Francesco Aguglia, Project Director at Impresa Pizzarotti. “This solved the problem to the numerous interferences for densely populated territories, while also allowing for optimal landscaping and environmental integration and permeability of the highly relevant infrastructure.”
With some of the more challenging overhangs that the Company came up against – particularly in terms of length – the solution had to be integrated in a similar manner, designed with hyperstatic solutions which were poured on site.
The Company was founded in 1910, following the constitution of an artisan firm named Gino Pizzarotti, and having built upon this, more than a century later Impresa Pizzarotti stands out as a truly modern organisation.
“It was between the 70s and 80s that we began to gain international acclaim in foreign markets, most definitely a crucial step towards the Company’s success,” adds Aguglia. “Our work on post-earthquake reconstruction was particularly significant for the Company’s development; it represented the core relationship that could at times be undervalued, between construction companies and the precast division.”
The past seven years has seen prominent growth for the Company’s business abroad, with the opening of several divisions and affiliate companies. The Company very wisely consolidated its position in countries it already had a presence in, with new projects being acquired in the United States, Russia, Poland, Moldova, Montenegro, Kuwait, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Cameroon, Peru and Australia, and in the next few years the Group will reach 3,000 employees.
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
It is one of the fundamental philosophies of the Company to maintain both a low and concrete profile, therefore simply being able to focus on delivering on its projects in time and subsequently to a high standard of quality and economic sustainability.
Aguglia continues: “We have found the world of construction needs to speak through work, rather than through words; unfortunately, very often we have found words have appeared to take on a greater importance than work for other construction companies.”
In order to support its work, the Company has always focused on both technology and IT innovation, researching and investing in the processes that will improve conditions for employees in general. Alongside this, particular attention is also paid to the safety and environmental sustainability of its own site, proudly boasting an index of injuries far below the industry average.
“At the Company our aim and policy is to focus on the needs of our customers, as well as providing transparency in all interactions with financial operators, local authorities and of course our employees,” affirms Aguglia. “We are able to provide stakeholders with more than 100 years of expertise, built upon reliability and commitment to the industry.”
ADVANCED ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS
In more recent years, the Company has been focused on a persistent search for advanced technology solutions that will enable growth and modernisation of the production processes Impresa Pizzarotti is renowned for.
Due to this, a strong engineering structure is now in place, managing the technical choices for the realisation of the works in order to achieve the best possible technical results, alongside the best economic results for sustainability of the projects.
“Our administrative processes are constantly updated via dedicated procedures that employ the use of custom software,” describes Aguglia. “This allows for a very fast data transfer between offices that are thousands of miles apart, therefore allowing for smoother communications between colleagues located in different places and enabling successful interaction and collaboration.”
Supporting this software is of course a dedicated team of employees, therefore it has become pivotal to pay attention to training processes, across technical, behavioural and management aspects. Training will always have a specific focus and for 2016 it was to hone specific skills to fit corporate requirements, as well as cross-sectoral opportunities that place a particular emphasis on specific and highly specialised knowledge.
“We have always allowed for significant resources when it comes to staff training and moreover, as part of our HR development policy, the Company provides internal academies about specific technical topics, which promote organisational skills within the Impresa Pizzarotti,” explains Aguglia. “From the perspective of individual development, training programmes have been introduced that are dedicated to team working.
“In that regard, the volunteering programme is experienced in collaboration with local associations operating within the social sector to involve in staff and sharing and inclusion projects.”
ATTENTION TO DETAIL
One of the major differences between Impresa Pizzarotti and its competitors is most definitely the close attention paid to the achievement of a result, and this is reflected in a control and the widespread programming of projects, ensuring nothing is forgotten.
“Our aim here is to complete these projects in the allotted time, specifically conforming to the budget and meeting high quality standards,” states Aguglia. “In order to successfully sustain these standards, the aforementioned will often lead to double checks on the activities of every individual employee, therefore minimising the possibility of errors and with that a loss of time that could have a negative impact of the timing of the project.”
With such attention to detail, it is no wonder that Impresa Pizzarotti has enjoyed more than a century of successes in the construction industry.
Aguglia adds: “I believe that our continued success is primarily through the continuity of the Pizzarotti family and the way it enables the delivery of a more solid and competitive place in the market, primarily achieved through the systematic investment of profits produced within the Company.”
That factor has ensured that even throughout some very intense periods of crisis in the Italian and international economies, the Company has been able to successfully overcome it.
“Moving forward, it would be exciting to see our Company unlock a large portfolio of work, some of which is already available and currently stationary due to lengthy administrative and bureaucratic procedures and a lack of funding,” concludes Aguglia. “Similarly it would be great for us to be able to develop our business activities – particularly in the areas where the Company has recently started its business experience – in areas such as the service sector. It is this kind of diversification we are particularly interested in and hope that with time it will provide us and our clients with a greater level of stability.” | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 35 | https://www.pizzarotti.ch/english/corporate.aspx | en | Pizzarotti SA | [
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Present in Switzerland since 1994, based in Bellinzona, Impresa Generale Costruzioni Pizzarotti SA boasts more than several centuries of history. It is in fact totally owned by the Italian Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A., established in Parma in 1910 as a sole proprietorship by Gino Pizzarotti and today ranked as the fourth leading general construction companies in Italy. Partner of public bodies and large private companies, Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. is mainly active in the construction of road and motorway infrastructures, civil and military airports, energy sectors, industrial plants and prisons. And, since the Second World War, it has proved to be a valuable ally in the industrial and infrastructural reconstruction of Italy.
Thanks to the extensive and rich background of its Italian parent company, Pizzarotti SA can also rely on a strong technical and organizational structure, which is essential especially in the prefabrication and industrial building sectors.
In Ticino, and throughout Switzerland, Impresa Generale Costruzioni Pizzarotti SA deals mainly with railway infrastructures, tunnel excavations and underground works in general.
And thanks to the financial strength, the Group is now opening up to new countries, like the Principality of Monaco, where it is active in civil construction through its subsidiary Engeco SAM in Montecarlo; Algeria, where it is present in road infrastructure sites through its subsidiary PIZZAROTTI S.a.r.l.. Since 2012, moreover, in consortium with the Italian parent company, it has opened a branch in Romania, partecipating in the realization of major works.
COMPANY INFORMATION
Year founded: 1994
Share capital: CHF 5,000,000.-
Registered Office: Via Maggio 1 - 6900 Lugano - CH
Direction and Offices: Via C. Molo 21 - 6500 Bellinzona - CH
Browse the brochure | ||||||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 60 | https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/webuild-pizzarotti-wins-eur-616-million-contract-on-palermo-catania-line/ | en | EUR 616 million construction contract on Palermo – Catania railway | [
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] | 2022-10-21T11:09:01+00:00 | The EUR 616 million contract covers the design and construction of a 15 km section on Palermo – Catania railway line in Sicily. | en | Railway PRO | https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/webuild-pizzarotti-wins-eur-616-million-contract-on-palermo-catania-line/ | Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI) awarded the consortium of Webuild (70%) and Impresa Pizzarotti (30%) a EUR 616 million contract to design and build the Nuova Enna – Dittaino rail section (Lot 4b) on the Palermo – Catania railway line in Sicily.
The contract covers the construction of a new 15 km rail line, 8.5 km of which will pass through three tunnels, and another 2 km across five viaducts. It also involves the construction of a train station at Enna and the modernisation of the existing Dittaino station.
Webuild says that key features of the bid under consideration include the quality of the design and the sustainable solutions to minimise the impact that the construction of the section will have on the surrounding area. Processes that contribute to the principles of a circular economy are another feature, such as the reuse of 99% of all the earth excavated, the recovery and reuse of rain and industrial water, energy consumption efficiency as well as the use of solar panels.
The construction of Lot 4b is expected to create 650 jobs, direct and indirectly, and involve a supply chain of 100 companies.
The construction of Nuova Enna – Dittaino rail section will be financed by Italy’s National Plan for Recovery and Resilience (PNRR).
Webuild is also involved in the construction of the Bicocca Catenanuova, another section of the Palermo – Catania railway situated on the TEN-T. Recently, the European Commission has approved a EUR 101 million ERDF funding for the modernisation of Palermo – Catania – Messina line.
When works will be completed along the Palermo – Catania axis, the journey time will be reduced to less than two hours. Progressive travel time reductions are expected already, thanks to the phased activation of the new sections of the line. Furthermore, the planned interventions will guarantee the speeding up of connections and increase the standards of regularity and punctuality of the trains.
Share on: | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 96 | https://www.afr.com/property/commercial/the-construction-boss-who-won-t-touch-apartments-20190719-p528s3 | en | The construction boss who won't touch apartments | https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.6179%2C$multiply_1%2C$ratio_1.777778%2C$width_1059%2C$x_1053%2C$y_111/t_crop_custom/c_scale%2Cw_800%2Cq_88%2Cf_jpg/t_afr_no_label_social_wm/l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_28:%20FROM%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_84%2Cx_355%2Cco_rgb:111111//l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_56:%202019%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_25%2Cx_330%2Cco_rgb:111111/783d066eed8ca48dad67f78cffb06dab48699fa3 | https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.6179%2C$multiply_1%2C$ratio_1.777778%2C$width_1059%2C$x_1053%2C$y_111/t_crop_custom/c_scale%2Cw_800%2Cq_88%2Cf_jpg/t_afr_no_label_social_wm/l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_28:%20FROM%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_84%2Cx_355%2Cco_rgb:111111//l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_56:%202019%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_25%2Cx_330%2Cco_rgb:111111/783d066eed8ca48dad67f78cffb06dab48699fa3 | [
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] | 2019-08-27T00:25:53+00:00 | When new construction company Roberts Pizzarotti arrived in Sydney in early 2017 it did the opposite to what would be expected during a frenzied housing boom. It steered clear of apartments. CEO Alison Mirams is also tackling high suicide rates in the indusry and improving things for women in construction. | en | /favicon.ico | Australian Financial Review | https://www.afr.com/property/commercial/the-construction-boss-who-won-t-touch-apartments-20190719-p528s3 | When new construction company Roberts Pizzarotti arrived on the Sydney scene in early 2017 it did the opposite to what would be expected during a frenzied housing boom. It steered clear of apartments.
"Our focus is commercial, education, health and hotels ... we have steered away from residential absolutely," says Alison Mirams, chief executive of the tier-one builder. | ||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 79 | https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/organisations/impresa-pizzarotti-cspa/ | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & CSpA | [
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] | null | [] | null | Read the latest news, articles and white papers from Impresa Pizzarotti & CSpA | en | /favicon.ico?v=2 | Global Railway Review | https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/organisations/impresa-pizzarotti-cspa/ | This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorised as "Necessary" are stored on your browser as they are as essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. For our other types of cookies "Advertising & Targeting", "Analytics" and "Performance", these help us analyse and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these different types of cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. You can adjust the available sliders to 'Enabled' or 'Disabled', then click 'Save and Accept'. View our Cookie Policy page. | ||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 5 | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/company-and-values/history/ | en | Impresa Pizzarotti | [
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] | null | [] | 2023-10-18T10:11:22+00:00 | Over a Century Of Construction Sites, Projects, Innovation | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/company-and-values/history/ | Impresa Pizzarotti was founded in 1910 as a sole proprietorship by Gino Pizzarotti. In 1945 it was transformed into a limited liability company and, in 1961, into a joint-stock company. The net worth, to date, is over 200 million euros.
The company handles the design and construction of large civil engineering works in Italy and abroad. Since the end of the 1950s, Impresa Pizzarotti has been experiencing a continuous evolution to become one of the most important Italian corporate groups in the construction sector. The company operates mainly as an EPC [Engineering, Procurement, Construction] Contractor, but is also active in concession and project financing. It builds prefabricated structures for residential and industrial construction and deals with real estate promotion in the Real Estate sector.
Our history continues thanks to four generations of the Pizzarotti family who, together with many collaborators, have invested in commitment and dedication to build not only buildings, roads and railways, but also to encourage individual and collective growth, improving working and living conditions. Below, we summarize the most significant stages from 1910 to today. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 74 | https://gemdaleusa.com/press_releases/gemdale-properties-investment-impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-and-madison-equities-join-forces-on-transformational-downtown-manhattan-development/ | en | Gemdale Properties & Investment, Impresa Pizzarotti & C. SpA and Madison Equities Join Forces on Transformational Downtown Manhattan Development | [
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] | null | [] | null | en | https://gemdaleusa.com/press_releases/gemdale-properties-investment-impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-and-madison-equities-join-forces-on-transformational-downtown-manhattan-development/ | New York, NY (June 9, 2016) – 45 Broad Street
Madison Equities, Impresa Pizzarotti & C. SpA (“Pizzarotti”) and Gemdale Properties and Investments Corporation Limited (“Gemdale PI”, 535.HK), an affiliate of Gemdale Corporation (600383.SH) which is one of China’s largest and leading real estate developers, announced today their formation of a joint venture to co-develop 45 Broad Street, a mixed-use project comprised of 206 residential condo units as well as 59,000 square feet of boutique office space in Lower Manhattan, several hundred feet south of the New York Stock Exchange on the corner of Wall Street and Broad Street. The office component of the project will benefit from the lack of new boutique office space in Lower Manhattan’s Financial District, with virtually no new boutique office space having been developed over the past 30 years. The residential portion of the building starts at approximately 250 feet and will include panoramic water and area landmark views. The project will be an architecturally iconic symbol rising in Lower Manhattan, designed by leading architectural firm CetraRuddy.
The project’s residential condominium units will be attractively priced to capture demand in the affordable luxury segment of the marketplace, an undersupplied market segment in Manhattan. The project will be highly amenitized throughout, including state-of-the-art appliances, engineered wood floors, marble and ceramic stone, a 75-foot indoor lap pool with a double height ceiling, bike storage, residential storage, state-of-the art gym and fitness facilities, ground floor garden, a 9th floor sky garden with indoor and outdoor spaces, a game room, separate children and teen playrooms, and a media and entertainment area. The project will also contain a distinctive open air, landscaped residential amenity space on the 38th floor at an elevation of approximately 500 feet, which will serve as an additive element within Lower Manhattan given its visibility from the area’s street levels.
Pizzarotti-IBC, an affiliate of Impresa Pizzarotti will serve as the project’s General Contractor.
According to Robert Gladstone, Chief Executive of Madison Equities, “We are delighted to be an integral part of the further positive transformation of New York City’s Financial District into an increasingly vibrant community.”
According to Jason Zhu, Chairman of Gemdale USA, “This distinctive 45 Broad Street project, with its panoramic views, benefits from over $30 billion of infrastructure and related improvements in the surrounding neighborhood, as well as surging residential and commercial activity. Lower Manhattan contains a considerable number of historical landmarks and draws millions of tourists annually. Traditionally, it has served as the center of trade and finance for the United States. The neighborhood includes within a short walking distance, Stuyvesant High School, one of New York City’s leading public schools, as well as Leman Manhattan, a private preparatory school next door to the project.”
Giorgio Cassina, Managing Director of Pizzarotti added, “Pizzarotti’s real estate experience in markets such as Italy, France and the Principality of Monaco, together with more than a century of experience in construction in numerous countries, is of great value to our partners. Working with Madison Equities and Gemdale PI on such a unique project in New York is a wonderful new opportunity to bring all of our international expertise to this development. Serving as a co-developer and builder of such an iconic project will highlight the qualities that our vast experience in special projects in residential, healthcare, hotel and other developments have provided us.”
An increasing number of media and related employers are relocating to the neighborhood, including Time Inc., Condé Nast, Harper Collins, Droga5, Group M and MediaMath. In terms of infrastructure improvements, over the past decade, billions of dollars have been poured into the area’s transportation and infrastructure, making Lower Manhattan one of the most technologically-advanced areas of New York City. The residential population of Lower Manhattan has tripled over the past 10 years, to over 65,000 currently. Additionally, the technology sector is also becoming increasingly important, with the high-tech NYSIA Incubator located at 55 Broad Street, next door to the project.
According to Michael Krupa, President of Gemdale USA, “We are delighted to work with leading New York City based developer, Madison Equities, with a 50-year history of developing exceptional projects throughout New York City along with our partner Pizzarotti, one of the leading construction companies in Italy, with over 100 years of experience. Moreover, we are delighted and honored to participate in helping further transform the fabric of Lower Manhattan.”
About Madison Equities
Madison Equities is highly regarded for its ability to bring creative solutions to complex and large scale real estate development, as well as for its commitment to innovation in architecture, interior design and construction techniques. Since its founding in the mid 1960’s, Madison Equities has successfully developed millions of square feet of high quality commercial, residential and hotel properties throughout Manhattan.
Among its most-prized early developments are the three buildings built on East 57th Street: The Excelsior, the first truly mixed-use luxury building in NYC; the Galleria, one of the country’s tallest residential buildings upon completion in 1975; and the internationally renowned 135 East 57th Street, known for its prominent concave façade and iconic roman temple. Madison also built the W Times Square Hotel along with the world’s tallest signage tower and the Marriott Courtyard on the Upper East Side, pushing boundaries of the chain’s customary brand standard. Madison has also received praise with the multiple award winning condominium Chelsea Modern, distinctly designed by its signature undulating glass façade and the classically modern boutique condominium 57 Irving Place, located south of Gramercy Park. The company is completing 10 Sullivan, a high end luxury condominium with four adjacent townhouses on a triangular site in SoHo, and the conversion of the former office building at 26th Street and Fifth Avenue on Madison Square Park, known as 212 Fifth Avenue, to a luxury condominium. Madison Equities is headed by Robert Gladstone who has provided its vision for 25 years.
About Impresa Pizzarotti
Pizzarotti & C. SpA, founded in 1910, has experienced consistent growth since its founding in 1910. Continuous innovation and technological excellence are key principles driving the company’s success. Operating in different countries in such sectors as infrastructure, construction, concessions and real estate, and a strong investment in the geographical diversification of its portfolio, has led the company, over the past few years, to expand its presence in key targeted markets around the world.
The firm’s range of services cover the design, construction and management under concession of works such as transport infrastructure, highways, railways, tunnels, bridges, dams, hydraulic works, real estate, hotels, luxury residential and healthcare, with a keen sensitivity to the full respect and protection of the environment
About Gemdale Properties and Investment
Gemdale Properties and Investment, a subsidiary of Gemdale Corporation, is a leading real estate developer and operator in the Greater China region. Gemdale PI is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (535.HK) and is principally engaged in residential, commercial and business park property investment, development and management. Gemdale PI currently operates 43 projects covering 15 major cities in China. Since its first investment in the U.S., in Los Angeles in 2015, Gemdale PI has expanded rapidly in the international property market and intends to expand its presence in other carefully selected major metropolitan cities around the world.
Gemdale Corporation (600383.SH) was founded in 1988 and listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2001. Gemdale Corporation is renowned for being a large-scale national property developer in China with highly regarded projects throughout the country. While Gemdale’s roots are in the residential condominium sector, with over 45,000 residential condominium units built and sold in 29 major cities in China in 2015 alone, Gemdale has also embarked in recent years on commercial/mixed-use developments as well as real estate private equity funds management. Gemdale has received numerous real estate industry awards over the years, including “Top 10 China Listed Real Estate Companies in terms of Comprehensive Strength,” “Blue Chip Property Developers in China,” and the “Most Valuable Listed Real Estate Enterprise in China,” amongst other honors. | |||||||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 21 | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/buildings/hospital-buildings/ | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | [
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] | null | [] | 2024-02-05T08:07:21+00:00 | The Innovation Signed
Pizzarotti
We work to shape the future of the healthcare industry through innovative and ambitious projects, backed by proven experience. Here are some of our most important projects, each designed and built with the aim of creating modern, functional and cutting-edge hospital environments.
New Maternity Hospital - Kuwait | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/buildings/hospital-buildings/ | The New Maternity Hospital represents a particularly important work for Kuwait, which will have a concrete impact on maternity care, becoming the first highly specialized hospital in the region.
We followed the design (carried out with BIM mode level LOD 300), construction and operational maintenance of the hospital, located in the medical district Al Sabah in Kuwait City.
The structure will host 780 beds, 28 operating rooms, a building (called Annex Building [ANX]) for Day hospital and administration, a multi-storey parking and a building for plants and power plants. In particular, the ANX building, with 6 levels above ground and an area of over 45,000 square meters (including two underground floors intended for garages), houses all the management services of the complex.
To this are added all the management structures present within the hospital complex of 241,000 square meters (libraries, archives, entrances, common areas, services, etc.). The tallest building extends 95 meters above ground plus 7 meters underground for a total of 102 meters.
4 BUILDINGS (max 18 floors, about 100 meters):
HSP Building – Main Hospital
Building ANX – 2 basements, parking, clinics, auditorium and administration
CRP building – 2 underground floors and 6 floors (1219 parking stalls)
CUP Building – Central plant with about 40 MW of installed electricity
4 CONNECTING BRIDGES BETWEEN BUILDINGS AND CAR PARKS
TUNNEL between CUP and HSP
BREAKWATER PROTECTION WORKS (being the buildings by the sea)
PUBLIC GREEN (both on the ground floor and hanging gardens)
Total built-up area (including parking and services): 357,337 sqm
Beds in hospital: 780
Operating rooms: 28
Labor and delivery salt: 60
Parking spaces: 1800
The construction of the New Hospital Centre is a major project for Guadeloupe. The new hospital will bring together in a single center in the heart of Guadeloupe all medical, surgical and obstetric services.
We followed design (performed with BIM mode LOD level 400-500 according to BS PAS 1192-2:2013) and construction of the hospital. The project is located in seismic and cyclonic area, and is spread over over 19 hectares with a series of 4-storey buildings, for a total of 618 beds. This is an important project for Guadeloupe: this new generation hospital has been conceived to combine medical efficiency and the quality of hospitality. The design was based on the harmony between technical performance and the culture, climate and way of life of the island. Inside the hospital there are important management structures such as administrative, logistical and technical offices, staff canteens, archives, as well as all distribution and reception spaces for the public (entrances, common areas, services, etc.).
We have followed the Project Financing for the design, construction and management of non sanitary services in the four Tuscan Hospitals of Massa, Lucca, Prato and Pistoia. For 20 years we will be engaged in the management of all non-medical activities and in the civil and plant maintenance of everything we have built.
In collaboration with the Tuscan health authorities and the Tuscany Region, we have helped develop new hospital facilities to improve access to medical care in the region. A commitment aimed at enhancing public health through modern and sustainable architectural solutions.
In 2007 the Concession was awarded to Società di Progetto SA. T S.p.A. (of which the Pizzarotti Company held 30% until 2017 and still holds a share of 1%) entrusted to the consortium CO.SAT Scrl, 50% owned by Pizzarotti, the executive design and construction of hospitals.
The four hospitals were all built between 2009 and 2015 and feature a total of 1,710 beds, 52 operating theatres, 21 labour rooms and 14 delivery rooms.
SA. T S.p.A. then entrusted to the consortium company GE.SAT Scarl (of which Pizzarotti holds 46.15%) the management of all non-sanitary services that includes, among other activities, the maintenance services civil structures and plants, cleaning, automated transport services, catering, washing, sterilization, maintenance of green areas and medical gas management, until the end of the concession scheduled in 2033.
In addition, Impresa Pizzarotti is 100% committed as a provider of GE.SAT Scarl in the management and maintenance of plant and civil hospitals in Pistoia and Prato through two separate contracts also expiring at the end of the concession. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 38 | https://documentedny.com/2022/02/18/nycha-amsterdam-houses-pizzarotti/ | en | NYCHA Houses Renovation Led By Contractor Known for Jobsite Death | [
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"Maurizio Guerrero",
"Amir Khafagy",
"Fisayo Okare",
"Rommel H. Ojeda",
"Kizzy Cox"
] | 2022-02-18T00:00:00 | One person has died and dozens were injured on Pizzarotti jobsites in the past five years. Currently they're working on a $38M NYCHA Houses renovation. | en | Documented | https://documentedny.com/2022/02/18/nycha-amsterdam-houses-pizzarotti/ | On April 30, 2021, a worker toiling on the restoration of Amsterdam NYCHA Houses, a public housing complex on the Upper West Side, fell 30 feet to the ground after stepping on the rotten scaffolding plank. The worker was taken to St. Luke’s Hospital after the fall. The current condition of the worker is not publicly known even though the accident took place on a City owned property.
The contractor in charge of the project, Pizzarotti LLC, failed to demonstrate it provided the worker with adequate training, according to the Department of Buildings incident report. It also failed to promptly notify the Department of Buildings of the incident, and is not registered either on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) website despite that employers are legally mandated to report all severe work-related injuries.
With less than seven years in New York City, Pizzarotti faces at least three lawsuits over flawed construction and failing deadlines. The company has also been accused of wage theft by 49 workers, according to court documents and federal records obtained by Documented.
Despite this record, NYCHA did not vet Pizzarotti for the restoration of Amsterdam Houses as the company participates as a subcontractor on the project. Workers have paid the price.
Also Read: Nobody Knows a Construction Worker Died At This $1.4 Billion Apartment Project
NYCHA is supposed to approve subcontractors used by companies who win city contracts, according to the Project Labor Agreement, which has been in effect since 2015 and applies to all contracts exceeding $250,000.
Five workers have been injured while working on Amsterdam Houses since 2021, making Pizzarotti the contractor with the most injured workers on NYCHA properties in the last 13 months, according to data from the Department of Buildings. Navillus Tile Inc, a pre-qualified vendor of the city government had three incidents. But while Navillus worked on ten different NYCHA contracts worth $496 million throughout 2021, Pizzarotti worked on a single project of $43.2 million.
Since July 2020, the company has been summoned for 31 safety violations and fined over $170,000 during its work on four of the 13 buildings of the Amsterdam NYCHA Houses. All of the fines remain unpaid.
Pizzarotti participated in the renovation of Amsterdam Houses after the firm who originally obtained the contract, Intercontinental Construction Contracting Incorporated (ICCI), defaulted “due to scheduling and workmanship,” Rochel Leah Goldblatt, NYCHA’s deputy press secretary, wrote in an email to Documented. Then, “the surety, Hudson Insurance Group (HIG), hired Pizzarotti as a completion contractor,” she added. “HIG is a bonding company and is responsible for and has the contract with Pizzarotti.”
Lisa Strasser, vice president and spokesperson of HIG, disagreed: ”Hudson Insurance Group did not hire Pizzarotti and is not responsible for their work.” In an email to Documented, she added: “NYCHA retained Pizzarotti as the completion contractor for this project.”
Pizzarotti did not reply to a request for comment. The company has neither completed the renovation despite the fact that NYCHA promised the Amsterdam Houses residents that the restoration would be over by December 2021. As of February 1, the work was still ongoing.
A subcontractor without a contract
For the April 30 incident, the Department of Buildings issued four violation summonses to Pizzarotti and three to Advanced Construction, a scaffolding company that was fined $30,084. The violations included hiring an unqualified worker without proper certification, neglecting to notify the Department of Buildings of the accident, and failing to properly inspect the scaffold and maintain safety measures.
Neither of the companies showed up at the hearings at the Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings last July, but Advanced Constructions code violations were resolved after it paid the fines and presented a certificate of correction of the failures that led to the accident. Conversely, Pizzarotti’s violations are marked as “no-compliance recorded.”
At the hearing about the summonses on January 27, Kevin Danielson, an attorney for Pizzarotti requested an adjournment of the hearing. The company was “disputing the facts” stated in the reports, which were “vaguely written,” Danielson said.
Also Read: Developers Want to Make One Of NYC’s Most Dangerous Jobs Even Riskier
The new hearing is scheduled for May 12, 2022, when Pizzarotti’s legal representative will cross-examine the inspector who wrote the violation report, explained Oliva Pedere-Branch, a Hearing Officer for the Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings. That will be more than a year after the accident took place.
So far, no personal information of the injured worker on April 30 is publicly known as there have been no hearings about the safety violations.
The state Department of Labor was mandated by law to create a public registry of construction workers’ fatalities updated in real-time within a year from February 16, 2021, but as of February 1, the agency has not implemented it. A state Labor Department spokesperson declined to give an estimate as to when the registry will be active.
Pizzarotti — an open-shop company that employs nonunion labor — is not an approved NYCHA contractor or subcontractor, according to the agency’s public lists. The company has been working on the Amsterdam Houses since at least 2020 due to the contract NYCHA awarded ICCI in June 2014, before the labor agreement of 2015.
According to NYCHA’s records, the awarded contract will end in May 2022. As of February 1, $37.7 million has been paid.
Pizzarotti and their not so stellar record
Pizzarotti is an offshoot of the Italian construction company Impresa Pizzarotti, founded in 1910 with a presence in more than 20 countries. The company entered New York through a partnership with IBC Business Group in 2015 and held the name Pizzarotti IBC before the owners of the companies parted ways after a legal dispute, according to court documents.
Pizzarotti has been replaced at least three times as a contractor in construction projects in New York, according to The Real Deal, a news website covering real estate in the City. Court records show that the company has also faced at least two lawsuits in which real estate developers accused it of faulty construction and inability to meet deadlines.
The most controversial of the company’s projects was the South Street Seaport condo at 161 Maiden Lane, a 58-story tower that at some point was misaligned and leaned to the north, according to court documents. According to a lawsuit filed by the developer Fortis Property Group, Pizzarotti was responsible as the general contractor for 13 stop-work orders issued by the Department of Buildings for safety violations.
During the tower’s construction, a worker named Juan Chonillo, who was an undocumented immigrant from Ecuador, fell to his death, triggering a criminal investigation. The subcontractor SSC High Rise, hired by Pizzarotti, was found criminally liable for the fatality — the second instance in Manhattan’s modern history in which a company was convicted for the death of a worker in a construction site.
Also Read: Undocumented Construction Worker Falls to His Death and Developers Deny It
While working on the Amsterdam Houses, Pizzarotti has not only been penalized by the Department of Buildings for safety violations but also by OSHA, which imposed two fines on August 5, 2021, for a total of $16,384. The heftiest of the penalties referred to the company’s failure to have fall protections in place.
Pizzarotti also has a track record of failing to notify the Department of Buildings of the accidents on its projects, as mandated by Local Law 78. All of the five accidents on the Amsterdam Houses are absent from these public records since they were not reported, a Department of Buildings official told Documented. These omissions carry financial penalties.
From a worker’s perspective, working in a Pizzarotti project is risky in more than one way. Pizzarotti stole $297,035.85 from 10 workers who accused the contractor of wage theft in construction projects, according to federal and state data obtained by Documented.
Also Read: Patrick Mock Owes More Than $1 Million in Wages at His Chinatown Restaurant
The last publicly known complaint was filed in April 2019 in the Southern District of New York. Andy Gil and Rafael Hernandez, together with 39 opt-in plaintiffs, filed a class-action lawsuit demanding unpaid overtime after working between 40 and 70 hours each workweek in Pizzarotti’s Jardim Project at West 27 Street in Manhattan from March 2018 to March 2019. Plaintiffs estimate that the putative class contains approximately 200 workers.
Advocates have stated that both the state and the city of New York should grant contracts only to responsible vendors. “It is impossible for NYCHA to care about residents when systematically they allow for substandard subcontractors to get contracts for construction,” said Louis Flores, a core member of Fight for NYCHA, a grassroots organization advocating for public housing residents in the City. “This goes to show you that the biggest problem with NYCHA is a failure of oversight.”
The New York Committee for Occupational Safety and Health (NYCOSH), a workers’ rights organization that publishes comprehensive reports on construction fatalities, has asked that government agencies should mandate their contractors to offer prevailing wages and adequate training. Agencies should also prevent “bad actors” —contractors with a poor safety record, accused of wage theft — from receiving public funds, they demanded.
“The City and State should ensure that developers receiving subsidies do not hire subcontractors who have had egregious violations,” the organization said in a statement.
These guidelines may have avoided that a company such as Pizzarotti restored the Amsterdam Houses and, probably, they had also avoided a life-changing accident from happening. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 23 | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1086508/revenue-of-the-italian-construction-company-pizzarotti/ | en | Pizzarotti Impresa: revenue | [
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] | null | The yearly revenue of the Italian construction company Pizzarotti Impresa increased between 2017 and 2019. | en | Statista | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1086508/revenue-of-the-italian-construction-company-pizzarotti/ | Revenue of the Italian construction company Pizzarotti Impresa 2017-2019
Published by
Revenue of the Italian construction company Pizzarotti Impresa from 2017 to 2019 (in million euros)
Source
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Release date
July 2021
More information
Region
Italy
Survey time period
2017 to 2019
Citation formats | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 80 | https://meconstructionnews.com/28177/omniyat-appoints-jv-for-dorchester-collection-project-construction | en | Omniyat appoints JV for Dorchester Collection project construction | [
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"Jason Saundalkar"
] | 2018-03-20T08:00:39+00:00 | Project is located in Marasi on the Dubai Canal and the development package is said to be $2bn | en | Middle East Construction News | https://meconstructionnews.com/28177/omniyat-appoints-jv-for-dorchester-collection-project-construction | Share
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Developer Omniyat has appointed a joint-venture consisting of Roberts Construction and Impresa Pizzarotti & CSpA for the construction of its Dorchester Collection project. According to a statement from the firm, work on the project has already begun and is due for completion in 2020.
The project was designed by architectural firm Foster + Partners and includes two towers, which will house the Dorchester Collection’s first five-star hotel in the region, as well as high-end, exclusive residences known as Private Residences by Dorchester Collection.
Mark Phoenix, managing director at Omniyat commented, “We always select the best partners that help us execute our vision. I have no doubt that this joint venture will yield immaculate results.”
The project includes high-end F&B retail outlets and will be surrounded by a mixed-use precinct. The total development package is said to be around $2bn.
“Omniyat is known for creating bespoke developments of the highest quality, with relentless attention to detail when it comes to luxury finishes and appointments. We are also honoured to deliver this project for such an esteemed brand as Dorchester Collection,” said Graeme Robson, chief executive, Roberts Constructions.
Prior to the announcement, Omniyat organised a black-tie event to celebrate its partnership with Dorchester Collection. The event showcased the first images of what the high-end project would look like once it was completed. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 76 | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/infrastructures/florence-rail-link-and-norman-foster-station/ | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | [
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] | null | [] | 2024-03-04T13:04:31+00:00 | AV Station of Belfiore
The Florence HS node project, which is part of the larger Scandinavian-Mediterranean corridor project, aims to foster development, competitiveness and mobility of users, goods and services.
Three main interconnected interventions are planned:
the construction of the "rail link", which is an urban crossing that will run underground through the | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/infrastructures/florence-rail-link-and-norman-foster-station/ | The project aims to improve the mobility of Florence and the surrounding areas, safeguarding urban and environmental balances and providing it with new sustainable infrastructure, mainly built underground. To this end, two tunnels and a new station dedicated exclusively to high-speed trains will be built, thus creating new underground infrastructure that will allow high-speed trains to operate without interfering with regional trains. This will improve punctuality and make it possible to increase the number of trains running above ground, facilitating increased local ridership. The new station will serve as a main hub and connection point to other public transportation, such as streetcars, buses, cabs, bike paths, and pedestrian routes.
The future high-speed station Firenze Belfiore will rise in the Belfiore-Macelli area, adjacent to the current railway station. Designed by Foster & Partners and Ove Arup & Partners, the structure will have dimensions of about 450 meters long and 50 meters wide, with an area of about 45,000 square meters. Positioned up to 25 meters below road level, the station will feature a glazed roof supported by a steel structure that will rise for about 18 meters.
The station will be divided into four levels: the platforms for boarding trains, a mezzanine floor for passenger distribution, the ground floor and the first floor. The first two levels will be underground, while the first floor will be located inside the roof, which will ensure natural lighting, environmental and acoustic control, Air exchange and smoke evacuation through a structure composed of elements with structural variations.
The project incorporates innovative technological solutions to reduce environmental impact, using renewable materials and reducing energy consumption and polluting emissions. The Florence station is a completely new model for Italy, with its underground structure that offers natural lighting even at the lower levels, facilitating the orientation of passengers. The lowered vaulted roof, enriched with photovoltaic cells integrated in the panels, will act as an “artificial sky”, adjusting the sunlight and reproducing the external colors inside the station.
NATURAL TUNNELS
Single-track tunnels: of circular cross-section with an internal diameter of 8,3 m
Double-track tunnels: polycentric
Single-track tunnels shall be mechanically excavated with face-supporting cutters (TBM-EPBS) to maintain pressure on the front at all times and to contain cable deformation by covering the tunnel at a very short distance from the front with waterproof prefabricated rings, limiting water infiltration with the help of additives injected directly into the excavation chamber. The earlier tunnels will be excavated by traditional method and the use of freezing technology for the consolidation and waterproofing of the soil. It is planned to consolidate the soil before the passage of the TBM to ensure the safety of excavation.
MOBILITÀ SOSTENIBILE
Use for over 70% of:
mobile machinery meeting low emission standards (STAGE V or equivalent);
Euro 6 vehicles for the transport of steel, concrete and building land with low environmental impact;
environmentally friendly passenger vehicles (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle or Full Electric).
In addition, it is planned to install, at various points of the yard, columns for charging electric cars, connected to solar panels placed on the shelters provided for the coverage of parking.
The train for the transport of the lands and rocks from excavation will be used that will be employed for plans of rinaturalizzazione of external sites to the yard.
ENVISION PROTOCOL
Envision is a rating system introduced to assess the impact that an infrastructure may have on the community and the local area during its entire life cycle. In particular, the effects on the quality of life and mobility, the degree of community involvement, the possible economic development following the construction and use of the infrastructure itself, as well as the degree of use of natural resources and renewable energy during and after construction, the degree of protection of the natural environment and the reduction of emissions will be evaluated.
Thus, with the adoption of the Envision protocol, it is intended to proceed with the certification of the “Platinum” level of sustainability of the “Florence High-Speed Node” project, the objective of which must also be pursued by all future contractors involved in various capacities in the implementation of the project. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 18 | https://unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/participants/137284 | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | [
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] | null | [] | null | See how Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. is helping create the world we all want | /icons/UNGC_favicon.ico | https://unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/participants/137284-Impresa-Pizzarotti-C-S-p-A- | Communication On Progress
Published On Title Level/Status 29-Jul-2024 2024 Communication on Progress Submitted 24-Nov-2023 2023 Communication on Progress Submitted 11-Oct-2022 Pizzarotti - Communication on Progress 2021 Advanced 13-Sep-2021 Bilancio di Sostenibilità 2020 Active 24-Jun-2021 Grace Letter Not applicable
Note: Responsibility for the content of participants' public communication related to the Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact and their implementation lies with participants themselves and not with the UN Global Compact. | ||||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 0 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresa_Pizzarotti | en | Impresa Pizzarotti | https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico | https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico | [
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] | 2015-07-15T10:44:56+00:00 | en | /static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresa_Pizzarotti | Italian civil engineering company
Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. is a construction and civil engineering company with its headquarters in the Italian city of Parma.[1]
History
[edit]
Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. was founded in 1910 by Gino Pizzarotti and converted in 1945 into a limited liability company by Pietro Pizzarotti, father of the current chairman, Cav. Lav. Paolo Pizzarotti.
In 1961 it became a joint stock company with a share capital of 200 million euros, more recently increased to 300 million. It was from the end of the 1950s that the company consolidated its position in the construction sector, becoming one of the most important and skilled companies in the country; this came about through the completion of large public and infrastructure works on behalf of both state bodies and the largest private companies in Italy.
The company TEMPhas always targeted ongoing development in the civil works carried out for thermo-electrical and nuclear power stations, roads and motorways, civil and military airports, irrigation and hydraulic engineering works, dykes, industrial infrastructure, railway construction, and prison construction work; the same can be said of the reconstruction work in the areas struck by the 1980 Irpinia earthquake, where it was involved in the building of dwellings, schools, and infrastructure of various kinds.
The Pizzarotti Group, which TEMPhas always retained its head office in Parma, today consists of a number of companies operating in total synergy in the infrastructure, energy and environment, hydraulic engineering, civil and military airport, building, construction and real estate main sectors.weawdasd
Mipien S.p.A. is the holding company of Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. and holds 96,77% of its shares. It is a service company for the companies of the Group and holds investments strategic to the Group's activity.
As of December 31, 2014, Mipien S.p.A. revenues summed to 1.14 billion euros, with a gross operating margin of 141,6 million euros and a gross ebidta of 12,4%.[2]
Operations
[edit]
Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. is amongst the leading Italian and European construction sector companies operating in the design and construction of major civil and infrastructure works, such as buildings, hospitals, roads and motorways, rail works and underground works. Transport infrastructure (roads, motorways, railways, underground railways, airports and ports) are Pizzarotti Group's primary area of activity, both in Italy and abroad.
The commitment and ability to carry out major projects led to the company successfully establishing itself abroad, where it has been operating since the seventies. As at 31 December 2011 turnover in the infrastructure and operating sector in Italy and abroad totaled 734 million euros, equal to 68% of the 2011 consolidated turnover. In 2017, Engineering News-Record's Top 250 International Contractors report ranked Impresa Pizzarotti #121, jumping from #178 in 2016.[3]
Pizzarotti is organized into the following main business areas: Infrastructure, Building Sector, Energy Sector, Real Estate Sector, Prefabricated construction, and Concessions.
In early 2017, Enrica, Pietro and Michele Pizzarotti, daughter and sons of Impresa Pizzarotti & C.'s Chairman Mr. Paolo Pizzarotti, themselves involved on different level in the family company, gave birth to Fondazione Pizzarotti, a private No Profit Charity Foundation aimed to support disadvantaged childhood, social development, culture, environment and education in Italy and overseas.[4]
Financial data
[edit]
In 2021, revenues were €1,098.6 million and the financial year ended with a loss of €67.9 million.[5]
See also
[edit]
Italy portal
Companies portal
List of Italian companies
References
[edit] | ||||
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] | null | [] | null | The description included in this profile was taken directly from an official source and has not been modified or edited by the BNamericas’ researchers. However, it may have been automatically translated. Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. was founded... | en | BNamericas.com | https://www.bnamericas.com/en/company-profile/impresa-pizzarotti-chile | Get all the information about Impresa Pizzarotti Chile, a company operating mainly in the Infrastructure sector. Connect with its key contacts, projects, shareholders, related news and more. The company has operations in Chile, which include Construction Contractor Company. Write to us at info@bnamericas.com or call us at +56 (2) 29410300 to schedule a demonstration of our platform. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 42 | https://www.treedom.net/en/organization/impresa-pizzarotti-c-s-p-a | en | Read all the news in the IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C. S.P.A. 's profile | [
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] | null | Visit IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C. S.P.A.'s profile, the map and find out about all the tree updates, stories of locations and farmers, and the CO₂ absorbed. | en | /next-public/common/Meta/icons/favicon.ico | IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C. S.P.A. is planting trees with Treedom | https://www.treedom.net/en/organization/impresa-pizzarotti-c-s-p-a | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. has been present in Cameroon since 2017 for an important social housing project located at the gates of Yaoundé. This project is the first one in the field of urbanization and social housing and aims to respond to the severe housing deficit and at the same time constitutes an industrialization intervention, to create an industrial base for on-site production of prefabricated buildings and building materials.Besides this infrastructural intervention, the company also intends to contribute to a sustainable development. "Growing Together, Social Housing and Cocoa Forest" is the first virtual business forest composed of 290 cocoa trees that will actually be planted as part of the agroforestry initiatives already underway in the country.Both projects represent an important legacy for future generations with the hope that they can became solid roots such as the history of the company. | ||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 9 | https://www.creditsafe.com/business-index/en-us/company/impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-it03381193 | en | View a Credit Report for Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.a. – Creditsafe | [
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] | null | [] | null | Find up to date company insights for Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.a.. Get Contact details, financial insights, industry benchmarks, competitors from creditsafe.com | en | https://www.creditsafe.com/business-index/it-it/company/impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-it03381193 | Industry Benchmark
How does this company compare to the averages within its industry. | ||||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 75 | https://www.howtocrackanut.com/blog/tag/impresa%2Bpizzarotti | en | How to Crack a Nut | http://static1.squarespace.com/static/555d82b5e4b03ac80594b4f5/t/56c7579ff055e9d7c290e4f0/1455904676159/How+to+Crack+a+Nut-logo-black+%282%29.png?format=1500w | http://static1.squarespace.com/static/555d82b5e4b03ac80594b4f5/t/56c7579ff055e9d7c290e4f0/1455904676159/How+to+Crack+a+Nut-logo-black+%282%29.png?format=1500w | [
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] | null | [] | 2014-08-29T00:00:00 | This is a blog about EU law, with a focus on free movement, public procurement and competition law issues. I use it to publish my thoughts on recent developments and to comment on selected Judgments of the Court of Justice of the EU. All comments are personal and in no way bind any of the institutio | en | https://assets.squarespace.com/universal/default-favicon.ico | How to Crack a Nut | https://www.howtocrackanut.com/blog/tag/impresa+pizzarotti | (Progressively formed) res iudicata all'italiana: or how EU law's supremacy can deactivate final judgments (C-213/13)
In its Judgment in Impresa Pizzarotti, C-213/13, EU:C:2014:2067 the CJEU followed the Opinion of AG Wahl (EU:C:2014:335, commented here) and determined that, on a proper construction of the applicable public procurement directives, where the main object of a contract is the execution of a work corresponding to the requirements expressed by the contracting authority (in the case at hand, the building of a new city of justice in Bari), that contract constitutes a public works contract and is not, therefore, covered by the exclusion applicable to public service contracts for the acquisition or rental, by whatever financial means, of land, existing buildings or other immovable property or concerning rights thereon, even if it contains an undertaking to let the work in question.
From the strict perspective of procurement law, the Impresa Pizzarotti Judgment is straightforward and clarifies the fact that a decisive influence of the contracting authority in the design of the works to be carried out suffices to trigger the application of the procurement rules (paras 39-52). Hence, in the case at hand, the lack of tender for the contract which implementation Pizzarotti intended rendered it illegal and, under the applicable remedies Directives, excluded any legal value to such contract for the future lease of buildings still to be constructed.
In my view, however, the case raises a second issue that may be much more relevant. As part of the convoluted litigation that led to the referral to the CJEU, the Italian Consiglio di Stato had recognised certain rights to Pizzarotti under the applicable Italian administrative law provisions. However, giving effect to those rights would result in a situation contrary to EU law, given the (unfulfilled) obligation to tender the contract for the lease of the buildings to be constructed. The difficulty of avoiding the breach of EU law derived from the fact that the previous ruling of the Consiglio di Stato had become final and had the force of res iudicata.
In those circumstances, however, the Consiglio di Stato indicated to the CJEU that its own case-law made provision for an exceptional "progressively formed res iudicata" that would allow it to "supplement the original operative part of one of its judgments by an implementation decision" (para 27 or, rectius, disregard its finality?) and asked whether it was appropriate to do so under the circumstances of the case.
The CJEU reacted in the only possible manner and, after stressing the importance of the principle of res iudicata and its belonging to the procedural autonomy of Member States, did not let the opportunity of relishing a capriccio all'italiana in the form of progressively formed res iudicata.
Given the relatively surrealist reasoning to which the CJEU is forced by the naivety of the Consiglio di Stato's referral, it is worth reproducing it almost in full:
53 [...] the referring court asks, in essence, whether it may decide that a ruling which it has made which has led to a situation which is incompatible with the EU legislation on public works contracts is ineffective.
54 [...] in the absence of EU legislation in this area, the rules implementing the principle of res judicata are a matter for the national legal order, in accordance with the principle of the procedural autonomy of the Member States, but must be consistent with the principles of equivalence and effectiveness (see, to that effect, the judgment in Fallimento Olimpiclub, C‑2/08, EU:C:2009:506, paragraph 24 and the case-law cited).
55 In its request for a preliminary ruling, the referring court indicates that, according to its case-law, it may, under certain conditions, supplement the original operative part of one of its judgments by implementation decisions, that possibility giving rise to what it terms ‘progressively formed res judicata’.
56 If — and it is for the referring court to ascertain whether this is the case — the conditions for applying that procedure are met in respect of the decision in Judgment No 4267/2007, a decision which is mentioned in paragraph 15 of this judgment and which — according to the order for reference — alone has the force of res judicata in the present case, it is for that court, having regard to the principle of equivalence, to make use of that procedure, favouring, from among ‘the numerous different possibilities of implementation’ which it states may be used in respect of that decision, the solution which, in accordance with the principle of effectiveness, ensures compliance with the EU legislation on public works contracts.
57 [...]
58 On the other hand, if the referring court is led to the view that the correct application of that legislation conflicts, having regard to the applicable domestic rules of procedure, with its Judgment No 4267/2007 or with its decisions of 15 April and 3 December 2010 implementing that judgment, attention should be drawn to the importance, both in the legal order of the European Union and in national legal systems, of the principle of res judicata. In order to ensure both stability of the law and legal relations and the sound administration of justice, it is important that judicial decisions which have become definitive after all rights of appeal have been exhausted or after expiry of the time-limits provided for in that connection can no longer be called into question (judgments in Kapferer, C‑234/04, EU:C:2006:178, paragraph 20; Commission v Luxembourg, C‑526/08, EU:C:2010:379, paragraph 26; and ThyssenKrupp Nirosta v Commission, C‑352/09 P, EU:C:2011:191, paragraph 123).
59 Therefore, EU law does not require a national court to disapply domestic rules of procedure conferring finality on a judgment, even if to do so would make it possible to remedy a domestic situation which is incompatible with EU law (see, to that effect, the judgments in Eco Swiss, C‑126/97, EU:C:1999:269, paragraphs 46 and 47; Kapferer, EU:C:2006:178, paragraphs 20 and 21; Fallimento Olimpiclub, EU:C:2009:506, paragraphs 22 and 23; Asturcom Telecomunicaciones, C‑40/08, EU:C:2009:615, paragraphs 35 to 37; and Commission v Slovakia, C‑507/08, EU:C:2010:802, paragraphs 59 and 60).
60 Accordingly, EU law does not require a judicial body automatically to go back on a judgment having the authority of res judicata in order to take into account the interpretation of a relevant provision of EU law adopted by the Court after delivery of that judgment.
61 That analysis cannot be undermined by the judgment in Lucchini (C‑199/05, EU:C:2007:434), cited by the referring court: it was in a highly specific situation, in which the matters at issue were principles governing the division of powers between the Member States and the European Union in the area of State aid, that the Court found, in essence, that EU law precludes the application of a provision of national law, such as Article 2909 of the Italian Civil Code, which seeks to lay down the principle of res judicata, in so far as the application of that provision would prevent the recovery of State aid which was granted in breach of EU law and which has been found to be incompatible with the common market in a decision of the European Commission which has become final (see, to that effect, the judgment in Fallimento Olimpiclub, EU:C:2009:506, paragraph 25). However, issues of that nature, relating to the division of powers, do not arise in the present case.
62 That said, if the applicable domestic rules of procedure provide the possibility, under certain conditions, for a national court to go back on a decision having the authority of res judicata in order to render the situation compatible with national law, that possibility must prevail if those conditions are met, in accordance with the principles of equivalence and effectiveness, so that the situation at issue in the main proceedings is brought back into line with the EU legislation on public works contracts.
63 In that regard, it should be emphasised that that legislation contains fundamental rules of EU law in that it is intended to ensure the application of the principles of equal treatment of tenderers and of transparency in order to open up undistorted competition in all the Member States (see, to that effect, the judgments in Commission v Portugal, C‑70/06, EU:C:2008:3, paragraph 40; Michaniki, C‑213/07, EU:C:2008:731, paragraph 55; Commission v Cyprus, C‑251/09, EU:C:2011:84, paragraphs 37 to 39; and Manova, C‑336/12, EU:C:2013:647, paragraph 28).
64 In the light of the foregoing, the answer to the second question is that, to the extent that it is authorised to do so by the applicable domestic rules of procedure, a national court — such as the referring court — which has given a ruling at last instance, without a reference having first been made to the Court of Justice under Article 267 TFEU, that has led to a situation which is incompatible with the EU legislation on public works contracts must either supplement or go back on that definitive ruling so as to take into account any interpretation of that legislation provided by the Court subsequently (C-213/13 at paras 53-64, emphasis added).
In my view, given the consequences that an infringement of EU law by the domestic courts can have and the ensuing potential for State liability claims (see Traghetti del Mediterraneo, C-173/03, EU:C:2006:391], Member States would be quite foolish not to adopt the concept of (progressively formed) res iudicata all'italiana, at least for instances of subsequent violation of EU law. Unless they take legal certainty and predicatability seriously, that is! | ||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 20 | https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/construction-trades/michele-pizzarotti/ | en | Michele Pizzarotti, Deputy Chairman of Impresa Pizzarotti | [
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] | 2018-08-20T04:35:54+00:00 | For Impresa Pizzarotti Deputy Chairman Michele Pizzarotti, honesty and dedication are the foundations of the family construction business. | en | //static.theceomagazine.net/content/logos/favicon.ico | The CEO Magazine | https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/construction-trades/michele-pizzarotti/ | Parma, Italy, may be known for parmesan cheese, prosciutto di Parma and handmade pasta, but it is also home to one of the country’s leading construction companies: Impresa Pizzarotti. The family business was founded by Gino Pizzarotti in 1910, with one of its first projects being the construction of a church in Cisa Pass. Since then, the company has been involved in construction works that include Paris Disneyland’s Sleeping Beauty Castle and Charles De Gaulle Airport in Paris.
Impresa Pizzarotti Deputy Chairman – and fourth-generation family member – Michele Pizzarotti, finds joy in developing infrastructure for everyday use. “In my job, you have a lot of issues to face every day, but this just drives my passion and curiosity,” Michele tells The CEO Magazine<. “I’m fascinated by the opportunity to create industrial initiatives that may have a positive impact on ordinary people.” “I’m fascinated with the opportunity to create industrial initiatives that may have a positive impact on ordinary people.”
The company conducts construction works for a broad range of industries including hospitals, factories, residential properties, railways, motorways and water treatment facilities. A standout project example is the new Milan Trade Fair complex. The building was designed by Italian architect Massimiliano Fuksas and includes 80 conference rooms, 25 bars and 20 restaurants. Its iconic feature is a large canopy named ‘veil’, made from glass and mirrored stainless steel. The veil reflects the natural landscape, with structures that emulate waves, craters and hills.
One of Impresa Pizzarotti’s innovative projects is the photovoltaic power plant above the Catania–Syracuse highway in Sicily. Not only did the business construct the 25-kilometre highway itself – which included four kilometres of viaducts and 2.8 kilometres of artificial tunnels – it built the solar plant as well. The 13.2 megawatt grid-connected plant is made up of four solar fields: the Campana, San Fratello, Cozzo Battaglia Nord and Cozzo Battaglia Sud, and Michele says it was “something very new” for the country.
With the company still going strong after more than a century, Michele attributes its success largely to the family’s management practices and values. “It’s our strategy to not distribute dividends and this has generated a high amount of capital for the Group, with a Group equity of around €500 million,” he says.
[/img]
“We work hard, we guarantee high quality to our clients and we are honest with them,” says Michele of their values. “Good relationships need a lot of respect between people. If someone wants to become a part of our company, they have to be honest and completely dedicated to the job.”
Over the years, Michele has been impressed by the company’s capabilities beyond Italy’s borders. “We have a presence in France, a country that is very difficult to enter because you have construction companies with a turnover much higher than ours,” he explains. “But we were still able to win some contracts, and I think we should be very proud of this achievement.”
Further, Impresa Pizzarotti has spread its reach to South America, the Middle East, Poland, Romania, Russia and, more recently, Australia, where it entered into an agreement in 2017 with RF Holdings to create a tier-one joint venture construction company, Roberts Pizzarotti.
“We are becoming very attractive to people around the world because we’re a family-owned business that is also multinational, with a long history and a lot of experience.”
Now the company is setting its sights on other markets such as the US. However, Michele acknowledges that entering new markets comes with several obstacles.
“At a personal level, I inherited the same drive my grandfather and father had to achieve success,” Michele muses. “And this is important because there are a lot of challenges. It’s more difficult now than in the past. Competition is high and prices are low. If you have an activity where the profit margin is not so high, you have to be near perfect.”
We work hard, we guarantee high quality to our clients and we are honest with them.”
And perfect Impresa Pizzarotti strives to be. Michele is honoured by the recognition the company has already received around the world for its projects. “We are very proud to have received so many certificates of excellence from our national and international clients,” Michele says. “This means recognition of all the work our employees have done to create such a company.” | ||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 77 | https://www.total-montenegro-news.com/business/4584-italian-bar-boljare-motorway | en | Italian Company Interested in Bar-Boljare Motorway Project | [
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] | null | Representatives of the Italian company Pizzarotti said they hope that the Government of Montenegro will choose them for realization of the other sections of the Bar-Boljare motorway. | en | /templates/totalmontenegro/favicon.ico | https://www.total-montenegro-news.com/business/4584-italian-bar-boljare-motorway | 16 July 2019 - Representatives of the Italian company Pizzarotti said they hope that the Government of Montenegro will choose them for the realization of the other sections of the Bar-Boljare motorway. They presented their experience on similar projects to the Minister of Transport and Maritime Affairs of Montenegro, Osman Nurković, who said that "there will be no privileged players in that match".
Nurković recently had the opportunity to host the representatives of the Italy-based company Pizzarotti, who showed interest in continuing the implementation of the Bar-Boljare motorway project.
Minister Nurković informed the Pizzarotti representatives about the current status of activities related to the construction of other sections of the Bar-Boljare motorway project, and expressed satisfaction with the growing interest of European companies in relation to the implementation of the most important Montenegrin infrastructure project.
Representatives of the Pizzarotti company highlighted their rich experience with the implementation of smaller projects, expressing hope for prospective cooperation with the Government of Montenegro concerning the motorway project.
"Montenegro is committed to improving its transport infrastructure and we called on all potentially interested parties to express their interest and propose their conditions and models for the construction of other sections of the Bar-Boljare motorway on the principles of private-public partnership, based on the best international practice, respect of the principle of equal treatment, free competition and non-discrimination. There will be no privileged players, and the price and deadlines, as well as the quality of work, experience and references will be the only recommendations that we will appreciate as an Investor in a transparent procedure for selecting a contractor to continue the construction of the motorway," Minister Nurković pointed out during the meeting.
Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. is a construction and civil engineering company with its headquarters in the Italian city of Parma. Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. has a history stretching back 100 years. It was founded in 1910 by Gino Pizzarotti as a sole trader, since when it has undergone process of evolution that has never stopped. Converted in 1945 into a limited liability company by Pietro Pizzarotti, father of the current Chairman, Cavaliere del Lavoro Paolo Pizzarotti, in 1961 it became a joint-stock company with a share capital of 250 million euros.
Over the years, Impresa Pizzarotti & C. has been involved in a continuous evolution, and since the late 50's has consolidated its presence in the construction sector and large public infrastructure works on behalf of government agencies and most important Italian private companies. Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A is amongst the leading Italian and European construction sector companies operating in the design and construction of major civil and infrastructure works, such as buildings, hospitals, roads and motorways, rail works and underground works. Transport infrastructure (roads, highways, railways, underground railways, airports and ports) are Pizzarotti Group's primary area of activity, both in Italy and abroad. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 98 | https://conecta.com.au/roberts-co-group-buys-roberts-pizzarotti/ | en | Roberts Pizzarotti Rebrands to Roberts Co in Buyout | [
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] | 2021-02-03T06:02:10+00:00 | Andrew Roberts has bought out Italian Impresa Pizzarotti’s 50 per cent stake in Roberts Pizzarotti. Learn more about rebranding here. | en | Conecta | https://conecta.com.au/roberts-co-group-buys-roberts-pizzarotti/ | Thank you for subscribing
You will now recieve our fortnightly industry newsletter and job alerts based on your job title.
Why not create a Conecta profile now?
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884 | dbpedia | 1 | 78 | https://www.sonae.pt/en/media/press-releases/sonae-sierra-and-impresa-pizzarotti-c-s-p-a-join-forces-to-develop-a-new-shopping-district-in-parma/ | en | [] | [] | [] | [
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884 | dbpedia | 3 | 36 | https://au.roberts.co/history/ | en | [
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] | null | [] | 2021-04-07T05:24:23+00:00 | Roberts Co is a 100% Australian owned, boutique tier-one construction company. | en | Roberts Co | https://au.roberts.co/history/ | 2021
In 2021, the next stage of the organisation’s strategic plan was revealed with the consolidation of its international businesses into a single branded entity – Roberts Co – headquartered in Sydney, Australia.
Roberts Co is now 100% Australian owned by the Roberts Co Group, a privately owned construction and development business of Andrew Roberts.
The team continues to grow and be excited by the vision to drive positive change in the Australian construction industry and to ‘build a better way’. | ||||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 37 | https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement/cases/965/impresa-pizzarotti-v-morocco | en | Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator | [
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Disclaimer
The ISDS Navigator includes information about publicly known IIA-based international investor-State arbitration proceedings. As some proceedings (or certain aspects of proceedings) remain confidential, the information contained in the Navigator cannot be deemed exhaustive.
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Short case name
The short case name is ascribed by UNCTAD. Typically it is the first word of a corporate claimant’s name, an abbreviation of the corporate claimant’s name, or the last name of a natural-person claimant “v.” the short version of the respondent State’s name.
If the Navigator includes more than one case with the exact same name, then “(I)” is added to the case name of the earlier case, and a “(II)”, “(III)”, etc. is added to the name of each subsequent case.
Year of initiation
This is the year in which the notice of arbitration / request for arbitration was submitted by the claimant. For arbitrations brought under the ICSID Convention Arbitration Rules or ICSID Additional Facilities (AF) Rules, the year in which the claim was registered by ICSID is used. | |||||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 60 | https://www.salesgear.io/p/francesco-lapina-email-phone | en | Francesco Lapina email address & phone number - Group Controller at Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | [
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884 | dbpedia | 1 | 79 | https://www.romanian-companies.eu/impresa-pizzarotti-pomponio-constructii-g.e.i.e-33881799/ | en | Company IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C & POMPONIO CONSTRUCTII G.E.I.E. tax code 33881799 from Romania | [
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] | null | [] | null | Impresa Pizzarotti & C & Pomponio Constructii G.E.I.E. Romania tax code 33881799 is a company from Cluj Napoca city, Cluj county. See phone, email, contact, financial data and more | en | /static/images/favicon.ico | https://www.romanian-companies.eu/impresa-pizzarotti-pomponio-constructii-g.e.i.e-33881799/ | Unlock information
With an access plan you might find fast and easy contact information (email, phone, mobile, address, website), and also detailed information (balance, court files, state debts, trademarks, etc) of IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C & POMPONIO CONSTRUCTII G.E.I.E. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 35 | https://www.italaw.com/cases/12070 | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. v. Kingdom of Morocco, ICSID Case No. ARB/19/14 | [
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] | null | [] | null | en | https://www.italaw.com/sites/default/files/favicon.ico | https://www.italaw.com/cases/12070 | Order Taking Note of the Discontinuance of the Proceeding Pursuant to ICSID Arbitration Rule 4(1) | ||||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 76 | http://www.hintoninfo.com.tw/EN/ugC_MTIProduct_Detail.asp%3FhidMTIProductID%3D81547%26hidSrhSts%3DM%26hidSPublisher%3DWorld%2520Market%2520Intelligence%26hidPage1%3D867 | en | Hinton Information Services | http://www.hintoninfo.com.tw/Images/Logo_FB.gif | http://www.hintoninfo.com.tw/Images/Logo_FB.gif | [
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884 | dbpedia | 0 | 23 | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/impresa-pizzarotti--c-spa-embraces-digital-transformation-with-infor-300963946.html | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. Spa Embraces Digital Transformation with Infor | [
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"Infor"
] | null | [] | 2019-11-25T09:00:00-05:00 | /PRNewswire/ -- Infor, a global leader in business cloud software specialised by industry, today announced that Italian civil engineering and construction... | en | /content/dam/prnewswire/icons/2019-Q4-PRN-Icon-32-32.png | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/impresa-pizzarotti--c-spa-embraces-digital-transformation-with-infor-300963946.html | MILAN, Nov. 25, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Infor, a global leader in business cloud software specialised by industry, today announced that Italian civil engineering and construction leader Impresa Pizzarotti & C. Spa, has selected an Infor enterprise software suite based around Infor LN. The suite for 700 users incorporates enterprise resource planning (ERP), enterprise asset management (EAM) and analytics (Birst) capabilities, and will support Impresa Pizzarotti & C. Spa's digital transformation strategy. With a focus on consolidating processes to boost visibility and enhance forecasting, the strategy is designed to support expansion into new emerging markets and cement Impresa Pizzarotti & C. Spa's position in existing territories.
Impresa Pizzarotti & C. Spa selected Infor based on both the capabilities of the software and its ability to scale for future growth. Crucial to the decision was Infor's ability to facilitate best practices in corporate governance, risk management and reporting, as well as tight cost control across every customer project to support reporting and planning.
"Our digital transformation strategy is intrinsic to Impresa Pizzarotti & C. Spa's expansion into new markets, and Infor will form a fundamental part of this," comments Augusto Lambertino, group IT director at Impresa Pizzarotti & C. Spa. "Through reducing manual processes and streamlining operations — from tighter cost control on projects to shared reporting and enhanced financial visibility across the whole organisation — we are in a strong position to meet our current and future goals and consolidate our reputation for quality and service in the industries we serve."
"The scale and complexity of Impresa Pizzarotti & C. Spa's business means that adopting common processes and centralising reporting are imperative to establishing a foundation for expansion," comments Laurent Jacquemain, Infor vice president for Southern Europe. "With construction projects spanning rail, roads, ports and hospitals, having a means of consistently tracking costs and feeding these back into planning is key to managing both service and profitability. Impresa Pizzarotti & C. Spa's decision to invest in ERP, EAM and analytics capabilities from Infor will afford it the visibility to make the very best decisions on its future direction."
About Infor
Infor is a global leader in business cloud software specialized by industry. With 17,300 employees and over 68,000 customers in more than 170 countries, Infor software is designed for progress. To learn more, please visit www.infor.com. Infor customers include:
The top 20 aerospace companies
9 of the top 10 high tech companies
14 of the 25 largest U.S. healthcare delivery networks
19 of the 20 largest U.S. cities
18 of the top 20 automotive suppliers
14 of the top 20 industrial distributors
13 of the top 20 global retailers
4 of the top 5 brewers
17 of the top 20 global banks
9 of the 10 largest global hotel brands
7 of the top 10 global luxury brands
For more information:
[email protected]
+447976111243
SOURCE Infor
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884 | dbpedia | 3 | 21 | https://www.creditsafe.com/business-index/en-ie/company/impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-it03381193 | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.a. | [
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] | null | [] | null | Find up to date company insights for 'Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.a.'. Get Contact details, financial insights, industry benchmarks, competitors from creditsafe.com | en | https://www.creditsafe.com/business-index/it-it/company/impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-it03381193 | Company Credit Reports
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884 | dbpedia | 1 | 38 | https://www.highergov.com/awardee/impresa-pizzarotti-c-s-p-a-10377083/ | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.P.A (NAGZACVZW166) | [
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HigherGov is used by more than 100K business development professionals and procurement officers monthly | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 74 | https://roadsonline.com.au/roberts-co-purchases-pizzarotti-share-to-become-australian-owned-firm/ | en | Roberts Co purchases Pizzarotti share to become Australian-owned firm | [
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] | 2021-01-31T21:48:51+00:00 | The Roberts Co Group has acquired the remaining 50 per cent shareholding previously held by it's Italian partner Impresa Pizzarotti, making the major tier one construction company Australian-owned. | en | Roads & Infrastructure Magazine | https://roadsonline.com.au/roberts-co-purchases-pizzarotti-share-to-become-australian-owned-firm/ | The Roberts Co Group has acquired the remaining 50 per cent shareholding previously held by it’s Italian partner Impresa Pizzarotti, making the major tier one construction company Australian-owned.
Roberts Pizzarotti will officially change its name to Roberts Co to reflect the acquisition. This will consolidate Roberts Co as a global business under one name with operations across Australia, the Middle East and Europe.
Over four years Roberts Co has worked on Zurich Tower in North Sydney, North Shore Health Hub, redevelopment of Concord Hospital, upgrades throughout the Liverpool Hospital precinct and The Schools at Meadowbank Education and Employment Precinct for the NSW Government.
Australian CEO Alison Mirams said the company is extremely proud of the success achieved to date and believe this move will allow us to direct our energy into further growth and expansion in Australia.
“We have over $650million in current contract value on the books with a team exceeding 140 employees.”
Mirams said Roberts Co will continue to drive change within the construction industry where it has already gained a reputation as a positive disruptor and innovator.
The company now has a 5-day working week and a concerted organisational drive towards higher female participation (32 per cent of the company’s employees are currently women, including 65 per cent of its executive team) and supporting a major focus on work/life balance among all construction personnel.
“People, relationships and a unique approach to business are at the heart of our organisation,” Mirams said.
“We are a team of thinkers, continually developing innovations to improve and simplify how the industry operates, empowering our workforce, finding smarter ways to work and delivering enhanced value to our clients.”
Related stories: | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 8 | https://www.bnamericas.com/en/company-profile/impresa-pizzarotti--cspa | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C.S.P.A. (Impresa Pizzarotti) | [
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] | null | [] | null | Impresa Pizzarotti & CSPA is an Italian company, dedicated to the development and construction of complex works: road and highway infrastructures, including concessions, works in tunnels, airports, dams, industrial infrastructures, railway construction and... | en | BNamericas.com | https://www.bnamericas.com/en/company-profile/impresa-pizzarotti--cspa | Get all the information about Impresa Pizzarotti & C.S.P.A. (Impresa Pizzarotti), a company operating mainly in the Infrastructure sector. Connect with its key contacts, projects, shareholders, related news and more. The company has operations in Italy, which include Construction Contractor Company. Write to us at info@bnamericas.com or call us at +56 (2) 29410300 to schedule a demonstration of our platform. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 43 | https://www.romanian-companies.eu/impresa-pizzarotti-spa-18702865/ | en | Company IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C SPA tax code 18702865 from Romania | [
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] | null | [] | null | Impresa Pizzarotti & C Spa Romania tax code 18702865 is a company from Cluj Napoca city, Cluj county. See phone, email, contact, financial data and more | en | /static/images/favicon.ico | https://www.romanian-companies.eu/impresa-pizzarotti-spa-18702865/ | IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C SPA
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Position of IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C SPA in Top Companies 2023: Third place in Top Business Romania Middle Companies - CLUJ NAPOCA city, activity 4211: Construction of roads and motorways See the ranking
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About IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C SPA company
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Predominant activity domain (reported on the balance sheet)NACE Code 42 - - ActivityConst - - Activity DescriptionThis class includes: -
Mmain activity domains (according registration certificate)NACE Code 42 - - ActivityConst - -
TurnoverNet
ProfitDebtsFixed
AssetsCurrent
AssetsEquity
OwnershipEmployees
(average no.) 2023 68 013 315-2 851 03374 530 7742 225 58842 051 399-40 196 68729 2022 11 127 915-7 937 52783 301 3832 529 14459 256 758-37 550 974120 2021 21 510 218-24 621 85348 836 343494 50217 867 836-29 609 25828 2020 39 345 050-9 835 03143 642 082963 33137 087 987-5 068 01253 2019 70 288 54960 34971 864 1731 011 34977 581 3794 856 88776 2018 31 769 850137 02945 108 3501 327 27054 588 7524 915 22177 2017 36 142 88854 00626 790 2892 464 50338 977 8584 782 49961 2016 42 099 55563 23831 915 4913 630 44547 380 2984 925 14772 2015 51 375 50726 02233 161 0664 546 95252 313 9554 879 747121 2014 39 866 27556 00335 141 0687 267 31857 553 4674 899 640139 2013 30 368 96417 43527 128 3313 622 71941 616 6644 840 829137 2012 17 288 27195 39125 875 4052 005 11250 666 4584 884 385132 2011 31 724 827305 34334 746 2672 668 76662 837 2394 909 835162 2010 52 106 495363 15335 825 2033 985 53936 172 1174 579 130172 2009 85 815 2593 219 51646 920 7225 772 63145 072 7754 230 235183 2008 46 095 384187 36131 722 7286 947 73624 513 6841 072 348187 2007 16 711 372483 0252 192 041174 6752 994 278976 9135 2006 1 707 730516 776162 0100689 270527 2600 (undeclared values also appear with 0) Currency
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884 | dbpedia | 2 | 16 | https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement/cases/965/impresa-pizzarotti-v-morocco | en | Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator | [
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Disclaimer
The ISDS Navigator includes information about publicly known IIA-based international investor-State arbitration proceedings. As some proceedings (or certain aspects of proceedings) remain confidential, the information contained in the Navigator cannot be deemed exhaustive.
While every effort is made to keep the information up to date and complete, the material is provided without any guarantees or warranties as to its accuracy or completeness. UNCTAD assumes no responsibility for eventual errors or omissions in these data.
We welcome any additional information or clarifications on specific cases as well as suggestions to improve the Navigator. Please contact us using the online contact form.
Cases included in the Navigator
• an international arbitration between an investor and a State;
• fully or partially based on an IIA, such as a bilateral investment treaty or the investment chapter of a free trade agreement (not included are investor-State disputes that are solely based on contracts or on domestic investment legislation);
• submitted to arbitration through a notice of arbitration or a request for arbitration, and upon registration of such request if applicable (not included are cases where a disputing party has only notified the other party of the existence of a dispute or signalled its intention to submit a claim, but has not yet commenced the arbitration).
Sources of information and frequency of updating
The information included in the Navigator is collected from publicly available sources. Primary sources (i.e. official documents relating to the case and information provided by the administering institutions) are the main and preferred source of information. Secondary sources, such as specialized reporting services and other sources deemed reliable, are used to supplement primary sources and/or obtain case information otherwise unavailable.
The Navigator is updated on a regular, typically biannual, basis. The date of the last update is displayed on the Navigator’s home page.
Methodological notes for the recording of data
Full case name
The full case name is recorded as it appears in the official case documents and as it is registered at the administering institution if applicable (listing the claimants in alphabetical order). If there are more than five claimants in the case, the names of all claimants can be replaced by the name of the first three claimants followed by the words “and others”.
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The short case name is ascribed by UNCTAD. Typically it is the first word of a corporate claimant’s name, an abbreviation of the corporate claimant’s name, or the last name of a natural-person claimant “v.” the short version of the respondent State’s name.
If the Navigator includes more than one case with the exact same name, then “(I)” is added to the case name of the earlier case, and a “(II)”, “(III)”, etc. is added to the name of each subsequent case.
Year of initiation
This is the year in which the notice of arbitration / request for arbitration was submitted by the claimant. For arbitrations brought under the ICSID Convention Arbitration Rules or ICSID Additional Facilities (AF) Rules, the year in which the claim was registered by ICSID is used. | |||||||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 41 | https://issuu.com/outlookpublishing/docs/eme-outlook-issue-19 | en | Europe & Middle East Outlook - Issue 19 | [
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] | null | [] | 2017-07-13T13:03:18+00:00 | Read Europe & Middle East Outlook - Issue 19 by Outlook Publishing on Issuu and browse thousands of other publications on our platform. Start here! | en | /favicon.ico | Issuu | https://issuu.com/outlookpublishing/docs/eme-outlook-issue-19 | Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question. | ||||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 57 | https://therealdeal.com/magazine/national-december-2023/how-fortis-luxury-high-rise-became-the-leaning-tower-of-fidi/ | en | How Fortis’ luxury high-rise became the leaning tower of FiDi | [
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"Kathryn Brenzel"
] | 2023-12-04T12:00:00+00:00 | Luxury tower once sold units for as much as $18 million. Abandoned for three years, it has unresolved structural, safety and financial issues. | en | The Real Deal | https://therealdeal.com/magazine/national-december-2023/how-fortis-luxury-high-rise-became-the-leaning-tower-of-fidi/ | The party set off from the Skyport Marina. Fortis Property Group CEO Jonathan Landau joined real estate brokers and reporters aboard a picnic boat from Hinckley Yachts, a brand favored by late billionaire David Rockefeller Sr. and home decor queen Martha Stewart. Celebrity broker Fredrik Eklund lounged at the boat’s stern, an American flag whipping behind him. It was 2016.
The boat passed under the Williamsburg, Manhattan and Brooklyn bridges before arriving at the River Café in Dumbo. The group was there to celebrate Fortis’ new condo tower at 161 Maiden Lane, which would soon join the glittering downtown Manhattan skyline across the river from the Michelin-starred restaurant, and to hear about the building’s nautical amenities. Three fully crewed yachts would be on standby for condo owners.
The industry titans had no inkling of the calamitous events to follow as they sipped wine on the outdoor patio and later dined on wild sea bass in a brown butter sauce and tiny chocolate marquise cakes shaped like the Brooklyn Bridge.
Landau flashed a cheerful, dimpled grin, his shoulder-length hair slicked back, his shirt opened at the top. Fortis President Joel Kestenbaum appeared in a buttoned-up double-breasted suit. They posed for photographers, unaccustomed to such attention.
This was their first ultra-luxury Manhattan skyscraper.
Other guests felt right at home. Stars of the reality television show “Million Dollar Listing” and Douglas Elliman boss Howard Lorber mingled with the crowd. Eklund, part of the team marketing the building, literally bought into the developer’s vision, signing a contract for a $4.6 million duplex in the tower. Fortis expected other future residents to pay as much as $18 million for the privilege of calling the building home. The night, the developers hoped, conveyed the effortlessly opulent lifestyle that prospective occupants would enjoy in the all-glass tower, billed as the first in the area.
Those buyers remain hypothetical, and the dream presented that night in Dumbo has devolved into a nightmare.
Today, the tower looms 60 stories high, rising far above the neighborhood’s mid-rise office buildings. A single strip of glass runs down the middle third of the structure’s face. Gray concrete slabs jut out like vertebrae, with orange construction netting blocking each floor. Wind and rain have whipped through the exposed interior, destroying drywall, framing and insulation installed three years ago.
Vandals spray-painted over the sign on the ground floor announcing the project’s 2021 opening. A homeless person broke into the site at one point, reportedly disabling the building’s standpipe and causing the city to declare the unfinished behemoth a fire hazard.
Worst of all, the tower tilts 3 inches to the north, prompting one British tabloid to dub Landau’s spire “the leaning tower of FiDi.”
A state court last month ruled that the project’s lender can foreclose on the property, and blame for the rest of the fiasco is currently being apportioned in court. Even if the legal fight concludes, work would resume at a time of high interest rates and construction costs. But it’s not too early to draw some lessons from the emails, letters and text messages entered into evidence. They offer a stomach-churning glimpse of the harrowing view from the C-suite and provide a cautionary tale of how hiring decisions, inexperience, cost-saving measures and fundamental misunderstandings can snowball into disaster.
“Each bad choice compounds each bad choice,” one industry source said of the hiring decisions at the project. “This was a shit show from start to finish.”
The developer’s vision
Before Landau was Louis Kestenbaum‘s partner, he was his tax attorney. The pair met when Landau repped Kestenbaum on a joint venture agreement for a project on the Williamsburg waterfront. Afterwards, the two started collaborating on deals, including Northside Piers, a luxury condo tower in Williamsburg.
They launched Fortis in 2005, bringing on Terrence Storey, another tax attorney, as chief operating officer, and Kestenbaum’s son, Joel, as president, and setting up shop in an eighth-floor office on Dumbo’s Main Street.
By 2013, the company had built a handful of condo and rental projects in New York City and a sizable office portfolio in Dallas and Boston. They were ready to take their business to the next level.
The condo market was about to explode, with demand for ultra-luxury units priced above $10 million on the rise; the following year would see average sales reaching record highs.
“When you make one bad mistake in construction, it has an enormous downstream [effect].”
Jonathan Landau, fortis property group
So when Kay Development offered up a prime development plot on the East River waterfront, Fortis took the leap, purchasing the 11,539-square-foot site at 151-161 Maiden Lane for $64 million.
Representatives from the project’s lenders and numerous contractors and subcontractors declined to comment for this article. Documents provide a rough outline of what happened next.
The project’s primary lender was the U.S. branch of Bank Leumi, which had financed other Fortis developments. The offering plan for 161 Maiden Lane estimated that the 80 condos would sell for a total of $272 million, with a top-floor unit marketed at $18 million.
The building needed a strong foundation, according to RA Consultants, an engineering firm hired by Fortis. The engineers initially recommended that the developers use a method employed by other buildings in the area, which involved deep foundation elements drilled into bedrock.
Robert Alperstein, founder of RA Consultants, said Fortis struggled to find a contractor willing to go the deep foundation route, due to the height of the proposed building, the size of the footprint and the subsurface conditions.
“The risk for various contractors, they wouldn’t do it,” Alperstein said in an interview.
One subcontractor suggested an alternative called “soil improvement,” which involves pumping cement grout into the ground and mixing it with the soil to create a solid mass. This cost $6 million less than the deep foundation approach, according to a lawsuit Fortis’ former general contractor, Pizzarotti, filed against the firm and an article in structural engineering trade publication Structure.
Fortis asked RA Consultants to determine if this would work, not to cut costs but as a path forward for otherwise squeamish contractors, Alperstein said.
RA Consultants said this was “technically feasible” but that it would lead to the building’s foundation settling unevenly.
The approach was unusual enough to warrant a June 2018 story in Structure.
The article, based on interviews with structural engineers involved in the project, offered a slightly different version of events, suggesting there were companies willing to build the foundation using the traditional approach but that the “difficulties associated with drilling” to the depths required for a building of the height Fortis envisioned “resulted in extremely high foundation bids from a limited number of contractors.”
The alternative, which was “not commonly utilized to support high-rise structures,” it noted, was less expensive. Though it would require design changes and mitigation efforts throughout construction to account for how the building would settle and react to wind whipping from the shoreline, the engineers judged the soil improvement technique a “sound structural solution.”
“He never asked us for an alternative because of price,” Alperstein said. He added that he has worked with Fortis on a number of projects. “I can’t recommend them highly enough.”
Construction began in July 2015.
The same year, Jack Resnick & Sons sued Fortis, accusing the firm of infringing on the copyright of its nearby One Seaport, the same name selected for the Maiden Lane tower. This dispute, resolved once Fortis agreed to change the project name to Seaport Residences, seems almost quaint in retrospect, given what followed.
Getting off the ground
Fortis was a relative newcomer to developing luxury condominiums in Manhattan, but it selected an even newer company to handle construction of the project, the American subsidiary of Impresa Pizzarotti, an Italian infrastructure juggernaut.
Fortis was attracted to Pizzarotti’s international reputation, and court testimony suggests the contractor offered a comparatively low price for its services, which at least one subsequent company found wildly unrealistic.
Problems began almost immediately.
At Pizzarotti, local leaders came and went. The firm accused CEO Rance McFarland, a construction veteran who was supposed to help the company grow its newly formed New York business, of mismanagement and misappropriation of firm resources.
On the morning of Sept. 21, 2017, Juan Chonillo, a 44-year-old Ecuadorian native, reported to the site after being called into work at the last minute by his employer, SSC High Rise, a subcontractor hired by Pizzarotti to build the tower’s concrete core.
The city’s building code prohibits moving a platform while workers are nearby, but that day, an SSC foreman instructed employees to move a platform with a crane, even though five workers were still on the structure, according to investigators. The platform got stuck. Chonillo, a father of five with a decade of construction experience, unhooked his harness in an attempt to fix it. The platform jolted, sending Chonillo plummeting 29 stories to his death.
The city shut down the site, and the Manhattan district attorney’s office charged SSC with manslaughter. Prosecutors blamed the subcontractor for failing to train workers to safely move the platforms.
Construction resumed nearly three months after Chonillo’s death.
Early in 2018, work was shut down again, this time because of improperly installed safety netting and an accident with a concrete bucket that grazed the 34th floor and poured concrete onto the street.
Leaning tower of Pizzarotti
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Jason Giessel was worried.
Pizzarotti had hired Giessel’s company, RC Structures, to take over for SSC, but his contract did not protect him from the mistakes of previous contractors. And he had just noticed a major issue: The building was leaning 3 inches to the north.
In an April 2018 email, he told an attorney for Pizzarotti that his company could not add to the building without an OK from the project’s structural engineers.
The engineering firm, WSP, adjusted some structural elements to offset the building’s lean on its upper floors, allowing construction of the superstructure to continue and the tower to top out at 670 feet in September 2018.
But tensions continued to build during installation of the glassy façade, the “intentional reflective face” that Landau had told a reporter would “move with the water.”
“We write this letter to express our deepest concerns,” Pizzarotti project manager Scott Lakow and engineer Gabriele Corazza began in a Feb. 4, 2019, letter to Fortis, subsequently entered into court documents. Pizzarotti was experiencing “numerous issues” with Fortis’ preferred curtain wall contractor.
There were “numerous outstanding design issues” stemming from the tower’s misalignment, and no plan to address them, they complained. Winter weather had put already completed work in danger of “deterioration and corrosion.”
Until its concerns were addressed, they concluded, Pizzarotti could no longer risk moving forward.
Landau, enraged, replied that Fortis had showed “tremendous restraint” by not firing Pizzarotti up to that point.
“Our patience has run thin,” Landau wrote. “Suffice it to say, for more than two years now, Pizzarotti has repeatedly, inexcusably and with impunity failed to meet its contractual obligations as our Construction Manager on the Project.”
The two parties also blamed each other for the tower’s lean. Pizzarotti alleged in court documents that Fortis chose the cheaper soil method for laying the foundation. The developer countered that the contractor was at fault for failing to “properly survey and ensure the plumbness of the building.”
In a statement, a spokesperson for Fortis said that “Pizzarotti failed to exercise the attentiveness and standard of care required, did not perform the mandated accurate surveying and did not perform proper concrete installation.”
“Where we went wrong on the South Street Seaport project was we hired a construction firm that wasn’t local,” Landau told Bisnow in January. “When you make one bad mistake in construction, it has an enormous downstream [effect].”
Pizzarotti and Fortis ended their contract in early 2019.
Soon after, Fortis replaced the Italian firm with Ray Builders, which had been the owner’s rep on the project. The new contractor was also relatively inexperienced in Manhattan luxury skyscrapers, though the firm had done a number of smaller scale condo buildings in the borough, as well as a lot of commercial work in Lakewood, New Jersey, and completed a Fortis condo project at 347 Henry Street, a 15-story building that drew headlines in 2021 for a screeching sound it made on windy days.
At 161 Maiden Lane, Ray Builders had a bigger budget than its predecessor. Ray CEO Jacob Mermelstein testified that Pizzarotti’s budget was unrealistic.
“What I do know is that the previous budget never worked,” Mermelstein said in court in May 2022. ”It couldn’t work and, therefore, the budget increased very drastically.”
Fortis disputes that Pizzarotti’s contract was low-balled, and a spokesperson said other bids for the project came in with similar prices.
Both Fortis and Ray Builders seemed to understand how much was at stake in the handover.
The evening before Ray’s first day, Fortis’ head of construction and development, Akiva Kobre, sent an email to Louis and Joel Kestenbaum. The new construction manager had to start off on the right foot, he wrote, since the Department of Buildings had ordered a safety compliance officer to monitor the site after Chonillo’s death and was watching the project closely.
“[Ray] must realize that because of the Pizzarotti history with poor safety at this building, the DOB is extremely sensitive to this project,” Kobre wrote. “It is not just another project to the DOB.”
The lenders
“Avner we have a very big problem,” Landau texted to Avner Mendelson on July 2, 2020.
“Pls. call me.”
Mendelson, then CEO of Bank Leumi’s U.S. branch, later testified in court that he’d received similar “something is burning” messages from Landau about the project over the years. This one came as Landau was becoming increasingly desperate to avoid another shutdown, this time for financial reasons. Fortis said that the bank, its project lender, had failed to pay a single dollar of its loan since March 2019.
Ray Builders’ workers had not been paid for several months and were threatening to walk, and four days after Landau’s text message, they did.
Fortis then sued Bank Leumi for failing to fund $30 million of its $120 million loan.
“Whatever stigma is associated with a distressed project evaporates very quickly.”
appraiser Jonathan Miller
The bank initiated a foreclosure proceeding, accusing Fortis of defaulting on the terms of its agreement. Fortis, the bank said, had failed to obtain a temporary certificate of occupancy by its May 31 deadline.
Mack Real Estate, which provided a $66 million mezzanine loan, suggested that Bank Leumi USA issue a low-leverage loan to Fortis, according to a text message from Peter Sotoloff, then-head of Mack, in July 2020.
“Otherwise count on World War III and total lawyer enrichment with time and losses for all … or just let this thing go nuclear,” Sotoloff said to Mendelson in a message included in the lawsuit. Still, he sympathized with the bank’s frustration.
“I know how we all feel about Fortis, but there were eventually much less costly ways of handling them than this … hurts all of us unnecessarily,” Sotoloff wrote. “Now Leumi looks horrible despite the history.”
Last year, Mack filed its own lawsuit against Fortis and Leumi, accusing both of fraud. It alleges that Leumi said it would keep funding the loan past the May 2020 deadline even if costs rose, but went back on its word. It also alleges that Fortis failed to disclose the construction snafus that created a “banana-shaped” building.
The tower’s future
The 17th floor of 180 Maiden Lane, the leaning tower’s neighbor, was once the sales gallery for Fortis’ project, providing a preview of its stunning panoramic views.
Now, the view from 180 Maiden is an “eyesore,” said David Sturner, CEO of MHP Real Estate Services, who is marketing upper-floor office space there.
Leasing activity has progressed anyway at the office building. Sturner said the building is 90 percent leased and has rented out more than 54,000 square feet in the last eight months.
Fortis believes the cost of completing the project to be upwards of $106 million — if it is ultimately able to do so.
The company and its lender failed to reach a resolution through mediation, and a state court recently ruled that Valley Bank, which acquired Bank Leumi USA last year, can move forward with foreclosing on the project’s loan. A spokesperson for Fortis said the company is considering its options but hopes to ultimately finish the project. It is also still pursuing a separate lawsuit against the bank.
A lot will have changed if and when Fortis — or another developer — gets back to work. Landau left Fortis in December to launch a company, Landau Properties, with his daughter and son-in-law. Fortis is still locked in a court battle with Pizzarotti over the tower’s lean and allegations that Fortis still owes the contractors tens of millions of dollars. In court, the two companies agreed that the unfinished tower did not pose an immediate safety hazard, but an engineer hired by Pizzarotti warned that it was unclear how the tower would move once its façade was installed. At one point, 71 of the 80 units at 161 Maiden Lane were under contract, but the buyers backed out.
Fortis is also facing a separate, unrelated suit over its development of the former Long Island College Hospital in Brooklyn. The company, however, is seeing success at Olympia Dumbo, a condo project that is more than 50 percent sold and could become the borough’s most expensive address.
The Department of Buildings periodically inspects the Maiden Lane property and says it has found no evidence that the tower is structurally unstable. Construction could continue, with a redesigned façade, though building now would mean renewing expired permits and dealing with high interest rates and soaring prices for material. Condo sales in new developments dipped below pre-pandemic averages in September and October, though the lack of condo inventory and the potential explosion of demand could play in the project’s favor.
“When a distressed project comes on the market, and the defects are corrected so that it can be offered, whatever stigma is associated with it evaporates very quickly,” said appraiser Jonathan Miller, whose firm was hired at one point to appraise the condo project.
For now, the yachts and the high-end homes and the reflective façade that would move with the water are still just visions, given life only by the tilted tombstone in the downtown skyline.
“The saddest thing in this industry is an unfinished building,” one developer, who asked to remain anonymous, said. “It’s a huge physical reminder of what can go wrong.” | |||||
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] | null | [] | 2023-09-05T14:38:45+00:00 | Over 110 Years of Outstanding Works Marked by Innovation. | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/ | The Pizzarotti Group is present in almost all geographical areas over the world, where it operates with a workforce of about 12,000 direct and indirect collaborators.
We are engineers, technicians, designers.
We are experts in hydraulics, energy and railways. Together we are a group that has been creating and managing major works in over 20 countries for more than a century. | |||||
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] | null | [] | null | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. was founded in Parma in 1910 as a sole proprietorship by Gino Pizzarotti and it was later transformed in 1945 into a limited liability company by Pietro Pizzarotti, father of the current President Cavaliere del Lavoro Paolo Pizzarotti. In 1961 it became a joint stock company with a share capital of 250 million euros. Today, the Company has reached the fourth generation, represented by Michele Pizzarotti, Vice President of the company, together with his sister Enrica and his brother Pietro. | en | /_next/static/media/apple-touch-icon.64259cfd.png | THE ORG | https://theorg.com/org/impresa-pizzarotti-c-s-p-a | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. was founded in Parma in 1910 as a sole proprietorship by Gino Pizzarotti and it was later transformed in 1945 into a limited liability company by Pietro Pizzarotti, father of the current President Cavaliere del Lavoro Paolo Pizzarotti. In 1961 it became a joint stock c... Read more | ||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 20 | https://gemdaleusa.com/press_releases/gemdale-properties-investment-impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-and-madison-equities-join-forces-on-transformational-downtown-manhattan-development/ | en | Gemdale Properties & Investment, Impresa Pizzarotti & C. SpA and Madison Equities Join Forces on Transformational Downtown Manhattan Development | [
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] | null | [] | null | en | https://gemdaleusa.com/press_releases/gemdale-properties-investment-impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-and-madison-equities-join-forces-on-transformational-downtown-manhattan-development/ | New York, NY (June 9, 2016) – 45 Broad Street
Madison Equities, Impresa Pizzarotti & C. SpA (“Pizzarotti”) and Gemdale Properties and Investments Corporation Limited (“Gemdale PI”, 535.HK), an affiliate of Gemdale Corporation (600383.SH) which is one of China’s largest and leading real estate developers, announced today their formation of a joint venture to co-develop 45 Broad Street, a mixed-use project comprised of 206 residential condo units as well as 59,000 square feet of boutique office space in Lower Manhattan, several hundred feet south of the New York Stock Exchange on the corner of Wall Street and Broad Street. The office component of the project will benefit from the lack of new boutique office space in Lower Manhattan’s Financial District, with virtually no new boutique office space having been developed over the past 30 years. The residential portion of the building starts at approximately 250 feet and will include panoramic water and area landmark views. The project will be an architecturally iconic symbol rising in Lower Manhattan, designed by leading architectural firm CetraRuddy.
The project’s residential condominium units will be attractively priced to capture demand in the affordable luxury segment of the marketplace, an undersupplied market segment in Manhattan. The project will be highly amenitized throughout, including state-of-the-art appliances, engineered wood floors, marble and ceramic stone, a 75-foot indoor lap pool with a double height ceiling, bike storage, residential storage, state-of-the art gym and fitness facilities, ground floor garden, a 9th floor sky garden with indoor and outdoor spaces, a game room, separate children and teen playrooms, and a media and entertainment area. The project will also contain a distinctive open air, landscaped residential amenity space on the 38th floor at an elevation of approximately 500 feet, which will serve as an additive element within Lower Manhattan given its visibility from the area’s street levels.
Pizzarotti-IBC, an affiliate of Impresa Pizzarotti will serve as the project’s General Contractor.
According to Robert Gladstone, Chief Executive of Madison Equities, “We are delighted to be an integral part of the further positive transformation of New York City’s Financial District into an increasingly vibrant community.”
According to Jason Zhu, Chairman of Gemdale USA, “This distinctive 45 Broad Street project, with its panoramic views, benefits from over $30 billion of infrastructure and related improvements in the surrounding neighborhood, as well as surging residential and commercial activity. Lower Manhattan contains a considerable number of historical landmarks and draws millions of tourists annually. Traditionally, it has served as the center of trade and finance for the United States. The neighborhood includes within a short walking distance, Stuyvesant High School, one of New York City’s leading public schools, as well as Leman Manhattan, a private preparatory school next door to the project.”
Giorgio Cassina, Managing Director of Pizzarotti added, “Pizzarotti’s real estate experience in markets such as Italy, France and the Principality of Monaco, together with more than a century of experience in construction in numerous countries, is of great value to our partners. Working with Madison Equities and Gemdale PI on such a unique project in New York is a wonderful new opportunity to bring all of our international expertise to this development. Serving as a co-developer and builder of such an iconic project will highlight the qualities that our vast experience in special projects in residential, healthcare, hotel and other developments have provided us.”
An increasing number of media and related employers are relocating to the neighborhood, including Time Inc., Condé Nast, Harper Collins, Droga5, Group M and MediaMath. In terms of infrastructure improvements, over the past decade, billions of dollars have been poured into the area’s transportation and infrastructure, making Lower Manhattan one of the most technologically-advanced areas of New York City. The residential population of Lower Manhattan has tripled over the past 10 years, to over 65,000 currently. Additionally, the technology sector is also becoming increasingly important, with the high-tech NYSIA Incubator located at 55 Broad Street, next door to the project.
According to Michael Krupa, President of Gemdale USA, “We are delighted to work with leading New York City based developer, Madison Equities, with a 50-year history of developing exceptional projects throughout New York City along with our partner Pizzarotti, one of the leading construction companies in Italy, with over 100 years of experience. Moreover, we are delighted and honored to participate in helping further transform the fabric of Lower Manhattan.”
About Madison Equities
Madison Equities is highly regarded for its ability to bring creative solutions to complex and large scale real estate development, as well as for its commitment to innovation in architecture, interior design and construction techniques. Since its founding in the mid 1960’s, Madison Equities has successfully developed millions of square feet of high quality commercial, residential and hotel properties throughout Manhattan.
Among its most-prized early developments are the three buildings built on East 57th Street: The Excelsior, the first truly mixed-use luxury building in NYC; the Galleria, one of the country’s tallest residential buildings upon completion in 1975; and the internationally renowned 135 East 57th Street, known for its prominent concave façade and iconic roman temple. Madison also built the W Times Square Hotel along with the world’s tallest signage tower and the Marriott Courtyard on the Upper East Side, pushing boundaries of the chain’s customary brand standard. Madison has also received praise with the multiple award winning condominium Chelsea Modern, distinctly designed by its signature undulating glass façade and the classically modern boutique condominium 57 Irving Place, located south of Gramercy Park. The company is completing 10 Sullivan, a high end luxury condominium with four adjacent townhouses on a triangular site in SoHo, and the conversion of the former office building at 26th Street and Fifth Avenue on Madison Square Park, known as 212 Fifth Avenue, to a luxury condominium. Madison Equities is headed by Robert Gladstone who has provided its vision for 25 years.
About Impresa Pizzarotti
Pizzarotti & C. SpA, founded in 1910, has experienced consistent growth since its founding in 1910. Continuous innovation and technological excellence are key principles driving the company’s success. Operating in different countries in such sectors as infrastructure, construction, concessions and real estate, and a strong investment in the geographical diversification of its portfolio, has led the company, over the past few years, to expand its presence in key targeted markets around the world.
The firm’s range of services cover the design, construction and management under concession of works such as transport infrastructure, highways, railways, tunnels, bridges, dams, hydraulic works, real estate, hotels, luxury residential and healthcare, with a keen sensitivity to the full respect and protection of the environment
About Gemdale Properties and Investment
Gemdale Properties and Investment, a subsidiary of Gemdale Corporation, is a leading real estate developer and operator in the Greater China region. Gemdale PI is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (535.HK) and is principally engaged in residential, commercial and business park property investment, development and management. Gemdale PI currently operates 43 projects covering 15 major cities in China. Since its first investment in the U.S., in Los Angeles in 2015, Gemdale PI has expanded rapidly in the international property market and intends to expand its presence in other carefully selected major metropolitan cities around the world.
Gemdale Corporation (600383.SH) was founded in 1988 and listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2001. Gemdale Corporation is renowned for being a large-scale national property developer in China with highly regarded projects throughout the country. While Gemdale’s roots are in the residential condominium sector, with over 45,000 residential condominium units built and sold in 29 major cities in China in 2015 alone, Gemdale has also embarked in recent years on commercial/mixed-use developments as well as real estate private equity funds management. Gemdale has received numerous real estate industry awards over the years, including “Top 10 China Listed Real Estate Companies in terms of Comprehensive Strength,” “Blue Chip Property Developers in China,” and the “Most Valuable Listed Real Estate Enterprise in China,” amongst other honors. | |||||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 75 | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22101838 | en | Impresa Pizzarotti | https://www.wikidata.org/static/favicon/wikidata.ico | https://www.wikidata.org/static/favicon/wikidata.ico | [
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884 | dbpedia | 1 | 63 | https://www.afr.com/property/how-andrew-roberts-found-simpatico-with-italys-pizzarotti-family-20170705-gx5gcd | en | How Andrew Roberts found simpatico with Italy's Pizzarotti family | https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_1%2C$multiply_1%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_863%2C$x_716%2C$y_156/t_crop_custom/c_scale%2Cw_620%2Cq_88%2Cf_jpg/t_afr_no_label_social_wm/l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_28:%20FROM%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_84%2Cx_355%2Cco_rgb:111111//l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_56:%202017%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_25%2Cx_330%2Cco_rgb:111111/0c73d314e301e7091404d43cf32f90a47a85b99b | https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_1%2C$multiply_1%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_863%2C$x_716%2C$y_156/t_crop_custom/c_scale%2Cw_620%2Cq_88%2Cf_jpg/t_afr_no_label_social_wm/l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_28:%20FROM%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_84%2Cx_355%2Cco_rgb:111111//l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_56:%202017%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_25%2Cx_330%2Cco_rgb:111111/0c73d314e301e7091404d43cf32f90a47a85b99b | [
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"Matthew Cranston"
] | 2017-07-07T13:00:00+00:00 | How two famous construction families found their simpatico. | en | /favicon.ico | Australian Financial Review | https://www.afr.com/property/how-andrew-roberts-found-simpatico-with-italys-pizzarotti-family-20170705-gx5gcd | In the warm spring air of the north Italian town of Parma, Andrew Roberts, of the former Multiplex empire, found himself quaffing a glass of red with the family of one of Italy's largest construction companies, Impresa Pizzarotti.
Patriarch Paolo Pizzarotti had brought the bottle from his personal vineyard to accompany the traditional Italian cuisine served at Parizzi, the Michelin-star restaurant where the two were meeting to discuss the possibility of a new construction company in Australia.
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884 | dbpedia | 3 | 95 | https://m.realnoevremya.com/articles/1995-5-investors-become-interested-in-construction-of-a-bridge-across-kama-river-in-tatarstan | en | Italian developer of Disneyland Paris reaches the bridge over the Kama river in Tatarstan? | [
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"Maria Gorozhaninova"
] | 2017-11-28T09:00:00+03:00 | The largest Italian company, Pizzarotti, becomes interested in still abstract infrastructure project near the village of Sokolki in Tatarstan | en | /favicon-16x16.png | https://realnoevremya.com/articles/1995-5-investors-become-interested-in-construction-of-a-bridge-across-kama-river-in-tatarstan | Already five investors, including the largest Italian company Pizzarotti, have become interested in still abstract infrastructure project near the village of Sokolki in Tatarstan
As it became known to Realnoe Vremya, the Italian company Pizzarotti, which built Disneyland Paris, is interested in the project for construction of a bridge across the Kama river near the village of Sokolka in Tatarstan. But there are another four investors snapping at its heels. Meanwhile, the infrastructure project itself is being at the stage of possible work start on land planning.
There are already five investors looking at the bridge in Sokolka
The ranks of investors interested in the construction of a new bridge over the Kama river in the village of Sokolka have grown. As Minister of Transport and Road Management of Tatarstan Lenar Safin told Realnoe Vremya, at least four investors, in addition to Eurasian Development Bank, have expressed a desire to become a partner in implementation of one of the largest infrastructure projects in Tatarstan.
''Of course, there is a number of suggestions — the Centre for Project Finance is ready to participate in this project, as well as the Eurasian Development Bank, VTB Bank, Vnesheconombank, and Italian partners have reached us – it is the company Pizzarotti. Therefore, we will consider all options, but I do not exclude that there may be other solutions. The project is priority, and we are being engaged in it,'' assured the interlocutor of the edition.
It is still a long time before project realization. Photo: Roman Khasaev
However, it is still a long time before the project implementation, Safin says. Last week, President of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov at the I Forum of the Volga Federal District on public-private partnership 'Investments in infrastructure' stated that it has been conducted only a bridge feasibility study so far. As the minister of transport and road economy of Tatarstan explained to our edition, the project feasibility study was finished already in 2016. This year it is planned to decide with the territory where the construction will take place.
''The feasibility study was completed last year by the St. Petersburg Institute. This year we plan to start work on planning the territory. Accordingly, within the plan it should be identified to whom exactly the land belongs, to reserve it for further construction,'' said Safin.
According to him, they have yet to determine a financial model, and then design work is to begin. The interlocutor does not reveal the time of commencement and completion of the construction yet.
Adventures of Italians in Russia
If everything is clear with the Eurasian Cooperation Bank, Centre for Project Finance, VTB and Vneshprombank, then the Italian company Pizzarotti interested in the project is little known in the region. We are talking about the largest Italian construction group Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. The company is engaged in construction of infrastructure, including bridges, roads, tunnels, airports and health care facilities. Among the successful projects of the Italians there are Disneyland and the tunnel in Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris.
In June 2016, Pizzarotti signed an agreement on public-private partnership in the presence of President of Russia Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister of Italy Matteo Renzi. Photo: kremlin.ru
The concern is entering the Russian market with several infrastructure projects. As reported by the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), in June 2016 the fund together with Gazprombank and Pizzarotti signed an agreement on public-private partnership in the presence of President of Russia Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister of Italy Matteo Renzi. The agreement provided that the RDIF with the Italian company will act as investors of the project for design, construction and technical operation of medical-rehabilitation building of the municipal hospital No. 40 in St. Petersburg. The role of Gazprombank in the project consists in advising, organization of financing and lending.
In May 2017, Pizzarotti signed another agreement in the framework of PPP — this time for construction of two health care facilities in Chelyabinsk Oblast. In addition, in April of this year it became known that the Italian company won the tender for the construction of an amusement park at VDNKh in Moscow.
Disneyland is among the successful projects of the Italian company. Photo: pizzarotti.it
Bridge in the future
Already a year and a half ago Lenar Safin told that in 2017 it could begin implementation of the project for the construction of a bridge across the Kama river near the village of Sokolka. The minister estimated the construction of a motorway with the bridge at more than 50 billion rubles.
In March of this year, the Federal Road Transport Agency of Russia reported that it expected an application of the Republic of Tatarstan for provision of additional financial support for the construction of roads and bridges within public-private partnerships. In July, Deputy Minister of Transport and Road Economy of Tatarstan Artyom Chukin explained to Realnoe Vremya that the application would be filed after they developed a financial model of the project and concluded an agreement with the investor.
''But in order to reach an agreement with the investor, we need to work out all the financial issues of the project: what investments will be, how much the investor is ready to invest in this project, how do they asses it,'' Chukin commented.
The construction of the bridge is planned in the framework of the largest transportation project of Tatarstan on transformation of the entire infrastructure of the Kama river region, which was presented to the public at the Gaidar Forum in January 2016. That time it was said that the development of the Kama territory was hindered due to traffic congestion problem and low traffic capacity.
By Maria Gorozhaninova | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 61 | https://theorg.com/org/impresa-pizzarotti-c-s-p-a/org-chart/gino-danna | en | Gino Danna - Contract & Risk Manager at Pizzarotti | https://theorg.com/api/og/position?name=Gino+Danna&position=Contract+%26+Risk+Manager&company=Pizzarotti&logo=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.theorg.com%2F76d7c0f3-f0a0-4e20-8fa1-c42836c9d3e0_thumb.jpg&description=Gino+Danna+has+extensive+experience+in+contract+and+risk+management%2C+project+management%2C+and+restructuring+within+various+companies+in+the+engineering+and+ | https://theorg.com/api/og/position?name=Gino+Danna&position=Contract+%26+Risk+Manager&company=Pizzarotti&logo=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.theorg.com%2F76d7c0f3-f0a0-4e20-8fa1-c42836c9d3e0_thumb.jpg&description=Gino+Danna+has+extensive+experience+in+contract+and+risk+management%2C+project+management%2C+and+restructuring+within+various+companies+in+the+engineering+and+ | [
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] | null | [] | null | Gino Danna has extensive experience in contract and risk management, project management, and restructuring within various companies in the engineering and | en | /_next/static/media/apple-touch-icon.64259cfd.png | THE ORG | https://theorg.com/org/impresa-pizzarotti-c-s-p-a/org-chart/gino-danna | Gino Danna has extensive experience in contract and risk management, project management, and restructuring within various companies in the engineering and construction industry. With a background in architecture, Gino has worked on a wide range of projects both domestically and internationally, overseeing the implementation of large industrial plants, restoration projects, and infrastructure development. Their roles have involved managing contracts, organizing operations, and leading teams to achieve project milestones efficiently. | ||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 4 | https://rocketreach.co/impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-profile_b5e81f33f42e86a5 | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. Information | https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-5542b0fe | https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-5542b0fe | [
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"Impresa Pi... | null | [] | null | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. is a Construction, and Construction General company_reader located in Parma, Emilia-Romagna with $1.5 billion in revenue and 1,389 employees. Find top employees, contact details and business statistics at RocketReach. | en | //static.rocketreach.co/images/favicons/apple-icon-57x57.png?v=2020120 | RocketReach | https://rocketreach.co/impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-profile_b5e81f33f42e86a5 | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. was founded in Parma in 1910 as a sole proprietorship by Gino Pizzarotti and it was later transformed in 1945 into a limited liability company by Pietro Pizzarotti, father of the current President Cavaliere del Lavoro Paolo Pizzarotti. In 1961 it became a joint stock company with a share capital of 250 million euros. Today, the Company has reached the fourth generation, represented by Michele Pizzarotti, Vice President of the company, together with his sister Enrica and his brother Pietro. Over the years, Impresa Pizzarotti has gone through a continuous evolution, until it became one of the main Italian general contractors. The company has always aimed at a constant development in the realization of complex works: road and freeway infrastructures, also in concession, tunnel works, airports, dams, industrial infrastructures, railway constructions and health and residential buildings. Today the Pizzarotti Group is present in almost all over the world, where it operates with a workforce of approximately 3,500 employees.
View Top Employees from Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | ||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 56 | https://www.growcfo.net/2023/06/13/136-my-journey-to-cfo-via-international-corporate-finance-with-francesco-zappala/ | en | #136 My Journey to CFO via International Corporate Finance with Francesco Zappala | [
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"Kevin Appleby"
] | 2023-06-13T00:00:00 | Francesco Zappala joins Kevin Appleby on the GrowCFO Show to discuss his rise to regional CFO Chile at Impresa Pizzarotti | en | GrowCFO | https://www.growcfo.net/2023/06/13/136-my-journey-to-cfo-via-international-corporate-finance-with-francesco-zappala/ | Francesco Zappala is CFO Chile for Italian construction giant Impresa Pizzarotti. His c.v. includes KPMG and Harvard Business School and an impressive career in corporate finance. He joins Kevin Appleby in this episode of the GrowCFO show to discuss his journey and how he became the finance lead and helped Impresa Pizzarotti build a brand new business in South America.
Francesco talked about his journey in building a career in financial services internationally, starting from a trip to the States with his dad when he was 14 or 15 years old, studying in different universities in Spain, having an internship in Madrid, working in a consulting company in Italy, and being offered to go to Turkey for a professional experience, which led him to South America and eventually becoming a divisional CFO in Chile.
Francesco discussed his experience working for Impresa Pizzarotti, a global general contractor, and the challenges he faced working in different regions such as South America and adapting to different cultures and management techniques. He also talked about the company’s focus on big construction and infrastructure projects, as well as their move towards renewable energy and technology.
Francesco discussed his background in financial services and how it translates to his current role as CFO for a general contractor in Chile. He also talked about the challenges and growth of the organization, and his involvement in various aspects of the business including finance, accounting, mergers and acquisitions, tax and legal, internal audit, human resources, general services, and IT.
Francesco discussed his role in a company project, from finding the right partner to dealing with financial distress situations. He also talked about the challenges of starting a business during the pandemic and the importance of working closely with clients to ensure project success.
Kevin and Francesco discussed the impact of COVID-19 on the construction industry and the importance of staying humble and getting the job done. They also talked about the possibility of discussing turning around a distressed project in a future conversation. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 54 | https://www.trackopedia.com/en/news/all-countries/rfi-awards-two-construction-contracts-to-webuild-ghella-impresa-pizzarotti-jv | en | RFI awards two construction contracts to Webuild-Ghella-Impresa Pizzarotti JV | [
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] | null | [] | 2023-05-30T00:00:00 | News dealing with railway infrastructure, track technology and track construction and maintenance | en | /typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_favicon-gr-192x192_c797828093.png | https://www.trackopedia.com/en/news/all-countries/rfi-awards-two-construction-contracts-to-webuild-ghella-impresa-pizzarotti-jv | Italian infrastructure manager RFI has awarded two construction contracts to a joint venture (JV) of Webuild, Ghella and Impresa Pizzarotti. The first contract, worth €2 billion, is for Lot 1A of the new Salerno – Reggio Calabria high-speed rail (HSR) line between Battipaglia and Romagnano, and involves the construction of 35 km of track. The second contract, worth €1.65 billion, concerns the construction of Lot 3 of the Palermo – Catania line between Lercara and Caltanissetta Xirbi in Sicily, and includes 47 km of track. A JV of Webuild and Ghella is also building Lot 4A of the Palermo – Catania line. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 17 | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/company-and-values/governance/ | en | Impresa Pizzarotti | [
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] | null | [] | 2023-11-09T07:47:32+00:00 | Our Governance System | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/company-and-values/governance/ | Impresa Pizzarotti is 97% owned by Mipien S.p.A., a company belonging to the Pizzarotti family.
Mipien S.p.A. deals with general services and manages a series of strategic holdings for the Group’s business. It has a share capital of 300 million euros and a net worth of 19 million euros.
The company’s corporate governance system, aligned with international best practice standards, represents an essential tool for ensuring efficient management of the Group and correct performance of all company activities relating to quality, environment, safety and workers’ health.
The integrated corporate policy defines the inspiring principles in which we believe and the strategic objectives that we set ourselves, to consequently develop our industrial activities and our behavior in carrying out business. It is therefore essential that everyone knows its content: this document will guide our daily attitudes in respect of diversity, be it cultural or social.
The integrated corporate policy is aimed at all our directors, employees and collaborators, and all those who, directly or indirectly, permanently or temporarily, establish relationships with our company and work to pursue its objectives, such as contractors, suppliers, service providers.
The Policy will be updated when it is no longer consistent with the company mission and to better face the challenges of the market, always inspired by ethical and sustainable principles, and is applicable in all geographical and operational areas in which the Company operates also through subsidiary companies. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 15 | https://www.bnamericas.com/en/company-profile/impresa-pizzarotti-chile | en | Impresa Pizzarotti Chile | [
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] | null | [] | null | The description included in this profile was taken directly from an official source and has not been modified or edited by the BNamericas’ researchers. However, it may have been automatically translated. Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. was founded... | en | BNamericas.com | https://www.bnamericas.com/en/company-profile/impresa-pizzarotti-chile | Get all the information about Impresa Pizzarotti Chile, a company operating mainly in the Infrastructure sector. Connect with its key contacts, projects, shareholders, related news and more. The company has operations in Chile, which include Construction Contractor Company. Write to us at info@bnamericas.com or call us at +56 (2) 29410300 to schedule a demonstration of our platform. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 6 | https://ywct.com/our-projects/pizzarotti-and-shapir-engineering/ | en | Pizzarotti and Shapir Engineering | [
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] | null | [] | 2019-01-20T14:57:13+00:00 | The joint venture of Shapir Engineering and Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p was awarded the... | en | Custom Cooling Towers | Best Solution For Cooling Towers | https://ywct.com/our-projects/pizzarotti-and-shapir-engineering/ | The joint venture of Shapir Engineering and Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p was awarded the contract to excavate the 11,000m long tunnels for the train to Jerusalem.
The required temperature for the drilling machine was below the summer wet bulb temperature in the area.
YWCT designed and built a cooling system that enabled wintertime cooling based solely on cooling towers.
During hot summer days, cooling is divided into two phases: First, water is cooled by cooling towers as close as possible to the wet bulb temperature, then cooled to a lower temperature using chillers.
The project was delivered in turnkey mode and included cooling HDG cooling towers over a concrete basin, chillers, pumps, electric and control panels, and heat exchangers.
The efficient solution saved the joint venture money on initial investment in equipment and reduced the ongoing operational expenditures significantly. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 40 | https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2019/07/12/pizzarotti-had-a-blockbuster-entrance-into-the-nyc-market-but-did-the-construction-company-fly-too-close-to-the-sun/ | en | Pizzarotti had a blockbuster NYC entrance. But did the construction company fly too close to the sun? | [
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"Kathryn Brenzel"
] | 2019-07-12T00:00:00 | Construction firm Pizzarotti came to NYC in 2013 but has faced some issues with its clients. | en | The Real Deal | https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2019/07/12/pizzarotti-had-a-blockbuster-entrance-into-the-nyc-market-but-did-the-construction-company-fly-too-close-to-the-sun/ | After more than 100 years in the construction business, Italy-based Impresa Pizzarotti still needed a fixer to break into a formidable new market: New York City.
The company began searching in 2013 for a partner with experience and connections in the city, apparently finding both qualities two years later in IBC Business Groups, a construction management firm that launched in 2012. The company was run by Rance MacFarland and Frank DeGrande, both of whom were affiliated with small construction companies before forming IBC. As the newly created New York subsidiary, IBC Pizzarotti, which was officially formed in 2015, the open shop company quickly won an impressive volume of work, by some counts $1 billion’s worth in just 20 months.
But in the past two years, the company has parted ways with its CEO, been replaced on several jobs and become entangled in a series of lawsuits with clients, former employees and subcontractors. While its Italian parent is well-known and respected internationally, some say the New York subsidiary wasn’t ready for the amount of work it took on and didn’t have adequate backing from executives across the Atlantic.
“Simply, I think they had taken on too many projects all at once, and they couldn’t support it with the local staff they have,” one source familiar with Pizzarotti’s work said. “They were a small shop that could not take on all the work that they ultimately got.”
Things fall apart
Pizzarotti’s union with IBC didn’t last long. In March 2017, the firm quietly reached a separation agreement with MacFarland, purchasing his 20 percent stake in the company, according to a lawsuit Pizzarotti filed against MacFarland. DeGrande remained at the company, serving as its head of business development and one of the only people from Pizzarotti whose name appears on permit applications filed with the city’s Department of Buildings. Still, the firm dropped IBC from its name.
In October 2017, Pizzarotti filed a lawsuit against MacFarland, claiming he misappropriated company resources to cover personal expenses, causing — among other things — delays in the firm’s projects. The lawsuit claims he committed to contracts without approval from the company’s board of directors, made unnecessary payments to vendors and subcontractors and caused “substantial harm to the company by damaging its image in the New York City market, which was especially susceptible considering the Pizzarotti Group was just emerging in that geographic area.” According to the complaint, his alleged misdeeds were the reason for the March separation agreement. Pizzarotti ultimately decided to go public with its allegations once MacFarland was hired by a competitor, McKissack & McKissack, which violated the terms of his employment agreement with Pizzarotti, according to the lawsuit.
McKissack put out a press release in May 2017 announcing that MacFarland had been named its CEO. The release credited MacFarland with “facilitat[ing] [Pizzarotti’s] initial entrance into the New York market, which resulted in the company securing approximately $1 billion of work under contract in 20 months.” McKissack has since filed a lawsuit against MacFarland, alleging that he failed to disclose legal judgements against him, which were masked by other LLCs he was using. Earlier this year, MacFarland declared bankruptcy, citing both the Pizzarotti and McKissack lawsuits as major liabilities. McKissask is seeking $220,000, but the damages in Pizzarotti’s lawsuit have not yet been set, according to court documents.
MacFarland did not return calls seeking comment. In court filings in response to the lawsuit filed by Pizzarotti, MacFarland denies the allegations. He also filed a motion to dismiss the McKissack complaint, arguing that it didn’t show an intent to deceive the company, but the motion was denied.
For some, MacFarland’s departure marked a crucial shift in the company. Owners had worked with MacFarland and, in some cases, decided to hire Pizzarotti because of him. Marco Martegiani, who served as COO of the New York-based company for six months, was tapped to replace MacFarland. According to his LinkedIn, before joining Pizzarotti’s New York team as COO, Martegiani worked exclusively for construction companies in Rome. A repeated complaint from some who have worked with Pizzarotti is that the management team was in constant flux and seemed to operate with little guidance from its parent company.
“I got the sense that their ownership was not on the ground in terms of really understanding the complexities of New York real estate,” one person who worked on a project with Pizzarotti said on the condition of anonymity. “While things were good, it was all good. But when it turned, these things have a way of quickly becoming dominos. Unfortunately, I think they got too far out over their skis.”
Thank you, next
Pizzarotti Impresa was founded in 1910 by Gino Pizzarotti, whose first project was a small church on a Tuscan mountain pass. Since then, the company, which is headquartered in the northern Italian city of Parma, has grown into one of Italy’s largest contractors. The firm specializes in large-scale infrastructure projects, which have included modernizing sections of the Reggio Calabria Motorway, a 307-mile long roadway. Pizzarotti also built Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty’s castles at Disneyland in Paris.
By 2016, Pizzarotti Impresa had a presence in more than 20 different countries, its website states. According to Associazione Nazionale Costruttori Edili, an Italy-based contractor group, the company was the country’s fourth largest construction contractor by revenue in 2017, taking in $807 million. In 2017, the company formed a joint venture with Australia-based RF Holdings, which goes by Roberts Pizzarotti. The JV’s website boasts that within 12 months of forming Roberts Pizzarotti, the company was tapped to build a 29-story office building for Zurich Australian Property Holdings in North Sydney. The team is also working on the first phase of a hotel redevelopment and is building medical office space in St. Leonards.
In Australia, Pizzarotti paired up with one of the most well-known construction families in the country. Andrew Roberts had previously served as CEO of Multiplex, a company founded by his father that Brookfield Asset Management purchased in 2007. But in New York, Pizzarotti didn’t team up with a major local player, instead merging with a company led by two lesser-known professionals.
“You don’t hire people from the marketplace, put up your flag and think that you’ve got it figured it out,” said one NYC-based contractor who has watched the company’s progress in the city. “New York’s still a very parochial marketplace.”
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However, after MacFarland’s departure, the company’s U.S. arm made a few key hires, bringing on seasoned leaders in the New York City market. In February, Pizzarotti tapped Michael Holloway to replace Martegiani as COO. Holloway previously worked for established firms like Lendlease, Plaza Construction, the Alexico Group and Madison Equities. The firm also hired two vice presidents, Michael Wewiora and Martin Hirko, both of whom worked for major city contractors, in August. In November, the company hired Plaza and L&L Holding Company alum Scott Lakow as a vice president and project executive. However, according to LinkedIn, seven months later, Lakow joined Shvo as vice president of development. He didn’t return messages seeking comment.
Until recently, Fortis Property Group’s South Street Seaport condo tower at 161 Maiden Lane was the most visible of Pizzarotti’s New York operations. But over the past several years, construction issues have plagued the Seaport project. A worker fell to his death in September 2017, shutting down construction for more than two months. The city halted construction several other times for safety issues at the site, including an incident in which a concrete bucket grazed the tower’s 34th floor, causing some of the material to pour into the street and partially lifting a section of the floor’s deck.
Fortis blames Pizzarotti for the 13 stop-work orders that were issued at the site and claims it fired the construction company on April 2, 2019, replacing the firm with Ray Builders. Pizzarotti is suing Fortis, claiming that it’s owed $32 million for its role on the project. Pizzarotti’s lawsuit also blames the tower’s misalignment on Fortis, alleging that the developer elected to use a cost-cutting method on the building’s foundation that caused it to lean three inches to the north. Fortis has filed a countersuit.
“As the sole and exclusive result of Pizzarotti’s failures, among other things, the project has endured endless stop work orders, a lack of competent project and site management for nearly the entire duration of the project to date,” Jonathan Landau, CEO of Fortis, said in a letter to Pizzarotti, which was filed as an exhibit in the ongoing lawsuit. “In fact, at multiple meetings, Pizzarotti executives acknowledged these problems, conceded that there was no excuse for these epic failures and even went so far as to acknowledge that the dysfunction was in large part attributable to its parent company abroad failing to support Pizzarotti sufficiently to meet its contractual obligations.”
Portions of an email exchange between Fortis and Pizzarotti, also included as an exhibit in the lawsuit, include discussions about clashes between the development and construction teams. In an April 2018 email, Pizzarotti executive vice president Stefano Soncini seems to acknowledge some organizational issues in his company, indicating that he’s replaced 100 percent of his team from the year prior.
Pizzarotti has also had issues with its subcontractors. Its former concrete subcontractor on the Seaport tower, SSC High Rise, filed a mechanic’s lien against Pizzarotti, claiming it’s owed $3.8 million. Pizzarotti has called the lien “willfully exaggerated” and says SSC abandoned work on the tower without giving notice. In July 2018, SSC pleaded guilty to second-degree manslaughter in connection to the death of Juan Chonillo, who fell from the building’s 29th floor. Officials said Chonillo had unhooked his harness to fix a scaffolding platform that became stuck. An SSC foreman had ordered workers to move the platform despite the fact that five workers were still on the unit, according to prosecutors. The city’s building code bars a platform from being moved when workers are on top of it. SSC High Rise’s phone number was disconnected, and the firm could not be reached for comment.
Fortis also filed a complaint against Pizzarotti in May over its work at eight townhouses at 88-98 Amity Street in Brooklyn, known as the Polhemus Townhouses. Fortis alleges that Pizzarotti failed to meet the 12-month construction schedule they agreed to, instead only completing 80 percent of the project after 28 months of work. The developer alleges that Pizzarotti fell behind schedule because it was unable to hire enough manpower for the project. Fortis also claims Pizzarotti’s work is riddled with defects. According to the lawsuit, Fortis was forced to pay for the customization of individual townhouses as a way to keep buyers from walking away. In some cases, buyers backed out of their contracts, leaving Fortis to find replacements in a “less favorable sales market,” according to the lawsuit. Three townhouses are listed as in-contract on StreetEasy, and there’s only been one closing so far.
“Throughout the course of the project, the manpower provided was woefully inadequate. Importantly, the manpower inadequacy was not limited to workers — project management on site was grossly deficient and incompetent,” the lawsuit states. “Pizzarotti lacked the ability to negotiate with subcontractors to complete all phases of work and/or failed to obtain multiple bids to reduce costs.”
The Fortis developments aren’t the only projects Pizzarotti has lost (though, the firm maintains it terminated its contract with Fortis before the developer fired the company). DOB records show that Wonder Works construction replaced Pizzarotti at Colonnade Group’s condo project at 75 First Avenue in April. The developer and Pizzarotti are also currently locked in a dispute over the project’s costs. Pizzarotti has filed a lien, claiming it’s owed a little more than $1 million. In a counter complaint, Colonnade alleges that Pizzarotti hasn’t properly itemized its expenses and “claimed a lien for significantly more money than it has spent on the project.” In its complaint, Colonnade calls Pizzarotti’s billing practices “false and possibly fraudulent.”
In 2016, RXR Realty tapped Pizzarotti to manage a $1 billion mixed-use project in Glen Cove known as Garvies Point. The construction firm was already working at RXR’s Ritz Carlton-Residences North Hills, whose final phase received a temporary certificate of occupancy in June. Though Pizzarotti remained on the Ritz Carlton project, the company wasn’t retained for the majority of work at Garvies.
“They were a contractor for pre-construction services and completed that scope of work,” Robert Leonard, a spokesperson for RXR Realty said. He would not elaborate on RXR’s reason for hiring a different firm for the remainder of the Garvies Point project. When asked if he could comment on how Pizzarotti operates or how it’s performed on the Ritz Carlton job, he would only say: “We continue to deliver a Ritz Carlton-quality product at North Hills.”
A representative for Pizzarotti said “allegations on the company’s performance on various projects are untruthful.”
“The company is closely monitoring all allegations that are directly or indirectly being disseminated on the media, and our attorneys are working on a lawsuit for defamation,” a spokesperson for Pizzarotti said.
Pizzarotti is also a development partner — alongside Madison Equities, Gemdale Properties and AMS Acquisitions — on a 1,115-foot-tower planned for 45 Broad Street. The development team held a groundbreaking ceremony in April 2017, but two years later, the tower has yet to go vertical. Madison Equities did not respond to a request for comment, nor did Gemdale. The company is a co-developer — with Centaur Properties and Greyscale Development — at the Jardim, a 36-unit condo building at 528 West 28th Street. That project topped out in September 2017. A groundbreaking ceremony was held in October for Anbau Enterprises’ 39 West 23rd Street, a 39-unit condo project that Pizzarotti is building. The developers at the Jardim and 39 West 23rd Street did not respond to requests for comment. The company has also successfully completed a Marriott-branded AC Hotel New York Downtown at 151 Maiden Lane for the LCRE Group, which opened last year.
But Clipper Equities recently replaced Pizzarotti at its Gramercy Square project, a four-building hotel that’s being converted into luxury condo units. When reached by email, Clipper’s David Bistricer declined to comment. Sources familiar with the project, however, said construction has dragged at the site.
“[Pizzarotti] spoke a good game,” one person familiar with the project said. “It was a two-year nightmare.” | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 52 | https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement/cases/965/impresa-pizzarotti-v-morocco | en | Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator | [
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Disclaimer
The ISDS Navigator includes information about publicly known IIA-based international investor-State arbitration proceedings. As some proceedings (or certain aspects of proceedings) remain confidential, the information contained in the Navigator cannot be deemed exhaustive.
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If the Navigator includes more than one case with the exact same name, then “(I)” is added to the case name of the earlier case, and a “(II)”, “(III)”, etc. is added to the name of each subsequent case.
Year of initiation
This is the year in which the notice of arbitration / request for arbitration was submitted by the claimant. For arbitrations brought under the ICSID Convention Arbitration Rules or ICSID Additional Facilities (AF) Rules, the year in which the claim was registered by ICSID is used. | |||||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 49 | https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/WEBUILD-S-P-A-160071/news/Webuild-S-p-A-Impresa-Pizzarotti-C-S-p-A-Breakthrough-of-the-northern-section-of-the-Skottas-36607233/ | en | Breakthrough of the northern section of the Skottas tunnel in Norway | [
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] | null | [] | 2021-10-05T16:57:30+02:00 | The project, commissioned in October 2019 by Bane Nor, has a value of almost 400 million euros and involves the construction of 13.6 km of double-track railway from Nykirke to Barkaker - UNB01 .
Main... | en | MarketScreener | https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/WEBUILD-S-P-A-160071/news/Webuild-S-p-A-Impresa-Pizzarotti-C-S-p-A-Breakthrough-of-the-northern-section-of-the-Skottas-36607233/ | The project, commissioned in October 2019 by Bane Nor, has a value of almost 400 million euros and involves the construction of 13.6 km of double-track railway from Nykirke to Barkaker - UNB01 (90 km south of Oslo).
Main Structures: Nr.4 Tunnel for a total length of 5.3 Km, Nr.2 railway bridges and Nr.1 pedestrian bridge, Nr.1 Railway Station with MEP and Finishing Works, Nr.1 Parking.
Congratulations to the entire Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A., Webuild, Sapi Nor Team.
Contact:
Via Anna Maria Adorni
1 - 43121
Parma
Ph: (39) 0521.2021
Fax: (39) 0521.207461
E-mail: public@pizzarotti.it
PEC
E: pizzarotti@pec.pizzarotti.it | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 50 | https://www.afr.com/property/how-andrew-roberts-found-simpatico-with-italys-pizzarotti-family-20170705-gx5gcd | en | How Andrew Roberts found simpatico with Italy's Pizzarotti family | https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_1%2C$multiply_1%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_863%2C$x_716%2C$y_156/t_crop_custom/c_scale%2Cw_620%2Cq_88%2Cf_jpg/t_afr_no_label_social_wm/l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_28:%20FROM%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_84%2Cx_355%2Cco_rgb:111111//l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_56:%202017%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_25%2Cx_330%2Cco_rgb:111111/0c73d314e301e7091404d43cf32f90a47a85b99b | https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_1%2C$multiply_1%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_863%2C$x_716%2C$y_156/t_crop_custom/c_scale%2Cw_620%2Cq_88%2Cf_jpg/t_afr_no_label_social_wm/l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_28:%20FROM%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_84%2Cx_355%2Cco_rgb:111111//l_text:SuecaNano-Semibold.ttf_56:%202017%20%2Cg_south_west%2Cy_25%2Cx_330%2Cco_rgb:111111/0c73d314e301e7091404d43cf32f90a47a85b99b | [
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"Matthew Cranston"
] | 2017-07-07T13:00:00+00:00 | How two famous construction families found their simpatico. | en | /favicon.ico | Australian Financial Review | https://www.afr.com/property/how-andrew-roberts-found-simpatico-with-italys-pizzarotti-family-20170705-gx5gcd | In the warm spring air of the north Italian town of Parma, Andrew Roberts, of the former Multiplex empire, found himself quaffing a glass of red with the family of one of Italy's largest construction companies, Impresa Pizzarotti.
Patriarch Paolo Pizzarotti had brought the bottle from his personal vineyard to accompany the traditional Italian cuisine served at Parizzi, the Michelin-star restaurant where the two were meeting to discuss the possibility of a new construction company in Australia. | ||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 46 | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/precasting/prefabs-for-infrastructure/ | en | Precasting for infrastructures | [
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] | null | [] | 2024-01-25T14:05:26+00:00 | SOUNDPROOF BARRIER
Our Precasting Division has designed and industrialized a system of sound-insulating-sound-absorbing barrier for large road infrastructure, consisting of precast concrete panels, with sound-absorbing layer corrugated expanded clay concrete. The original production system makes it possible to obtain the receptor-side surface from cast-on bottom formwork metal, with characteristics of low permeability and high | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/precasting/prefabs-for-infrastructure/ | Our Precasting Division has designed and industrialized a system of sound-insulating-sound-absorbing barrier for large road infrastructure, consisting of precast concrete panels, with sound-absorbing layer corrugated expanded clay concrete. The original production system makes it possible to obtain the receptor-side surface from cast-on bottom formwork metal, with characteristics of low permeability and high durability and the possibility of customizing the design and coloring of the surface. The arrangement according to a horizontal pattern of the surface’s fretwork soundproofing improves the overall sound characteristics of the barrier. The specific use of this product for important road infrastructure, especially the new high-speed railway line, involved the passing demanding tests and certifications.
In the early 2000s, the Precasting Division also equipped itself for the production of prefabricated beams for road and rail viaducts. Thanks to the development of new design solutions and significant investments in production, we were able to meet the specific requirements of important Italian infrastructure projects, resulting in elements and systems with high performance standards: high static performance with spans up to 40 m, high compositional flexibility and speed in assembly times. Some obvious examples of the use of our products are on the Milan-Bologna line of the High Speed Railway, specifically in the Piacenza-Fontanellato-Modena section, and on the Treviglio-Brescia railway doubling. In addition, similar structural elements have been used to build road bridges and roof decks of artificial tunnels on the Brebemi and Pedelombarda highway sections. Beams for the Milan-Verona railway section are also currently being produced.
Our Precasting Division has designed and manufactured a system prefabricated for the artificial tunnels of the Pedemontana Highway Lombardy. It is a system of 3 types of elements that are assembled on site to make a prefabricated closed box made of concrete on top of which vegetated soil will be placed. Among the most interesting aspects of using this system for the construction of the highway, besides the undisputed speed of execution, there is the advantage of minimizing environmental impact and overcoming traffic difficulties in one of the most built-up areas in Europe by running three-quarters of the 87 km below ground level.
In 2023 Pizzarotti Precasting inaugurated the production of ashlars prefabricated for the construction of the tunnel cladding rings of the railway passing through Florence, a work of strategic importance in the plan to strengthen the national railway network. Rings for lining are composed of seven components. Inside each ring is also laid a special prefabricated element (invert) on the which is realized the railway armament.
The transport of prefabricated products on site is by train.
Traversud S.r.l. – Pizzarotti Lodovichi Superstructure
Company subject to the management and coordination of Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A.
Management and Offices: Via Anna Maria Adorni, 1 - 43121 Parma - Italy
Tel. +39 0521 2021 – Fax +39 0521 207461
Registered Office and Plant: Contrada S. Nicola - 85025 Melfi (PZ)
Tel. +39 0972 78222 – Fax +39 0972 78205 - PEC: traversud@registerpec.it Fisc. - V.A.T. no. - Reg. Imprese di Potenza no. 01594820761 R.E.A. of Potenza n° 120458 - Share Capital € 1.550.000 i.v.
Commercial Management: Via Manzoni, 60 - 53043 Chiusi Scalo (SI)
Tel. +39 0578 222222 - Fax +39 0578 222225 | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 13 | https://www.creditsafe.com/business-index/en-us/company/impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-it03381193 | en | View a Credit Report for Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.a. – Creditsafe | [
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] | null | [] | null | Find up to date company insights for Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.a.. Get Contact details, financial insights, industry benchmarks, competitors from creditsafe.com | en | https://www.creditsafe.com/business-index/it-it/company/impresa-pizzarotti-c-spa-it03381193 | Industry Benchmark
How does this company compare to the averages within its industry. | ||||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 44 | https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf%3Fnum%3DC-558/19 | en | Page not found | [
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La page que vous avez demandée n'existe pas ou elle a été transférée suite à la mise en production du nouveau site Curia. Vous pouvez aller à la nouvelle page d' accueil. Veuillez modifier vos 'bookmarks'. | ||||||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 73 | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22101838 | en | Impresa Pizzarotti | https://www.wikidata.org/static/favicon/wikidata.ico | https://www.wikidata.org/static/favicon/wikidata.ico | [
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edit | |||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 26 | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1086508/revenue-of-the-italian-construction-company-pizzarotti/ | en | Pizzarotti Impresa: revenue | [
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"Fernando de Querol Cumbrera"
] | null | The yearly revenue of the Italian construction company Pizzarotti Impresa increased between 2017 and 2019. | en | Statista | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1086508/revenue-of-the-italian-construction-company-pizzarotti/ | Revenue of the Italian construction company Pizzarotti Impresa 2017-2019
Published by
Revenue of the Italian construction company Pizzarotti Impresa from 2017 to 2019 (in million euros)
Source
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Release date
July 2021
More information
Region
Italy
Survey time period
2017 to 2019
Citation formats | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 4 | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/company-and-values/mission-and-vision/ | en | Impresa Pizzarotti | [
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] | null | [] | 2023-10-05T10:37:28+00:00 | We are one of the main global players in the infrastructure and construction sector in Italy, the only company being able to boast a continuity of history and values, handed down for over a hundred years by the same family. | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/company-and-values/mission-and-vision/ | We are one of the leading global players in the infrastructure and construction sector in Italy, one of the few realities to boast a continuity of history and values, handed down for over a hundred years by the same family. Among the objectives of the Group, improving project effectiveness and enhancing know-how and skills. Each activity is aimed at anticipating and satisfying customer demands through reliability, versatility and excellence.
We believe that the evolution of the business must be based on solid core values, essential for those who, like us, do business in the infrastructure sector. Safety remains firmly at the center of our work. The other pillars on which we found our work are attention to our people and clients; innovation as a driving force for business development; the social responsibility that characterizes the company’s way of thinking and acting. Our mission is to shape the space to make the world a better place to live in harmony. Our goal is building excellence in a sustainable and innovative way.
We want to develop new capabilities and launch new business areas to improve design effectiveness, anticipate and meet customer demands. This path is possible thanks to the reliability, versatility and excellence guaranteed by more than a century of history of our company.
The Pizzarotti Group has a Leadership Model, able to support change and develop widespread, conscious and oriented leadership to the involvement of people, as main actors of change and success. With the strong involvement of the Business Summit, the Values at the base of the Pizzarotti culture have been identified and a Skills model has been defined that can support and accompany the challenges that await us. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 32 | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1086544/ebitda-of-the-italian-construction-company-pizzarotti/ | en | Pizzarotti Impresa: EBITDA 2017-2018 | [
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] | null | The financial performance of the Italian construction company Pizzarotti Impresa improved between 2017 and 2018. | en | Statista | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1086544/ebitda-of-the-italian-construction-company-pizzarotti/ | EBITDA of the Italian construction company Pizzarotti Impresa 2017-2018
Published by
Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) of the Italian construction company Pizzarotti Impresa in 2017 and 2018 (in million euros)
Source
Show detailed source information?
Register for free
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Source
Use Ask Statista Research Service
Release date
January 2019
More information
Region
Italy
Survey time period
2017 and 2018
Citation formats | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 67 | https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/blog/list-of-largest-top-construction-epc-companies-contractors-in-italy-italia | en | Latest List of Top 7 Italian Construction Companies [2023] | https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/uploads/ | https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/uploads/ | [
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] | null | [] | null | A compiled list of the biggest Engineering Procurement & Construction companies in Italy that are responsible for driving the Italian construction industry forward. | en | ../images/app/favicon/favicon.ico | https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/blog/list-of-largest-top-construction-epc-companies-contractors-in-italy-italia | Don't miss out on the latest key industry and project news, as well as our expertly curated selection of insightful blogs.
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884 | dbpedia | 0 | 12 | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/precasting/industrialized-building/ | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | [
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] | null | [] | 2024-01-25T14:05:27+00:00 | COVERS FOR EVERY REQUIREMENT
Pizzarotti Precasting offers a wide range of roofing systems that can meet the specific needs of the end user. Our design experience has enabled us to devise highly optimized that can combine lightness and design while offering the possibility of covering large spans (up to 30 m and beyond) with | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/precasting/industrialized-building/ | Pitti roofing consists of three families of elements: primary beams with an I- and H-section, secondary beams with V-section, which allow for obtain spans in excess of 30 m, and flat tertiary elements for completion in C.A.V. (slabs). This roof presents a sub-horizontal trend and is walkable. All elements of this system have resistance to fire up to R 180′. This type of roofing allows the illumination of the rooms below with indirect (sheds) and direct light (zenithal skylights). By appropriately arranging the tertiary elements on the tiles, it is possible to realize zenithal skylights or shed skylights depending on the required aeroilluminant ratios, while creating walkable paths useful for facilitate roof maintenance operations. In addition, the back of the shed lends itself to the installation of photovoltaic systems.
WATER OUTSIDE SYSTEM
Rainwater is collected on the V secondary elements (Pitti tile) and thanks to an appropriate system of structural slopes is conveyed inside the gutter beams and disposed along the perimeter of the building.
The waterproofing and insulation of the Pitti tile is the result of a careful and detailed design that took into account the following aspects:
structural movements
dimensional stability of products
compatibility between different materials used
resistance to compression during pedestrian maintenance
system flexibility and variability
resistance to solar radiation
system durability over time
easy maintenance.
All this allowed to make the right choice of materials from use, to arrive at the definition of their correct laying system, thus obtaining a system of insulation and waterproofing equipped of great reliability over time.
Lightweight and very versatile system with harmonious and essential lines, which gives interior spaces feelings of extreme cleanliness and elegance. In this case the concrete tertiary element is replaced by a curved or straight sandwich panel. This cover also allows to illuminate the rooms below with indirect (sheds) and direct light (skylights zenithal).
Tertiary elements are composed of metal sandwich panels consisting of by an outer support of pre-painted galvanized sheet metal with a corrugated profile, intermediate layer of high-density polyurethane and inner support of pre-painted galvanized sheet metal with slatted profile.
These elements feature excellent thermal performance, static and are walkable. Their lightness results in savings in overall weight of the roof, which generates benefits in the foundation. They are also suitable for the subsequent installation of photovoltaic systems. Also this solution ensures the disposal of water outside of buildings of larges dimensions.
WATER OUTSIDE SYSTEM
Rainwater is collected on the V secondary elements (Pitti tile) and thanks to an appropriate system of structural slopes is conveyed inside the gutter beams and disposed along the perimeter of the building.
The waterproofing and insulation of the Pitti tile is the result of a careful and detailed design that took into account the following aspects:
structural movements
dimensional stability of products
compatibility between different materials used
resistance to compression during pedestrian maintenance
system flexibility and variability
resistance to solar radiation
system durability over time
easy maintenance.
All this allowed to make the right choice of materials from use, to arrive at the definition of their correct laying system, thus obtaining a system of insulation and waterproofing equipped of great reliability over time.
The Microshed system enables prefabricated industrial buildings to be made very bright. The presence of shed frames every 3 meters or so allows for uniform and pleasant indirect lighting. . Roofs made with this system are completely walkable and allow water to be carried outside the building. The thermo-insulated waterproofing can be realized with several methods:
A) By using TPO membranes on the entire cover, appropriately fixed to the insulating layer made of polystyrene or polyurethane.
B) Placing in correspondence of the parabolic portion of the element microshed sheets in calendered corrugated sheet.
In the remaining flat parts, the solution described in point A is adopted.
With regard to the infill of the Shed, the use of self-extinguishing alveolar polycarbonate, of the type protected U.V. against photoageing, which combines the requirements of lightness and insulation. The streamlined morphology of the element allows the application of centralized and automated mechanisms for opening windows.
The Microshed system has been designed to have high ventilation and lighting ratios. Its particular parabolic shape, in addition to allowing the normal disposal of water outside the building, gives it a pleasant and elegant appearance.
They represent the response to the increasing performance that the outer shell of buildings must meet to comply with the most stringent energy saving regulations. The design of the required insulation layers is carried out through a certified calculation system.
The adopted production technology allows to fix the external architectural face of the infill to the rear bearing section without interrupting the high density insulation layer, thus avoiding the generation of thermal bridges. The supporting layer of the article can be in full C.A.V. or lightened by interposition of expanded polystyrene (EPS) sheets. Thanks to the Konnector system, the outer crust is free to expand and contract as a function of the temperature ranges completely independent of the supporting layer behind. Where necessary, the insertion of the vapour barrier prevents any condensation inside the panel. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 10 | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/company-and-values/business-model/ | en | Impresa Pizzarotti | [
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] | null | [] | 2023-11-09T07:47:38+00:00 | We are a global player in the infrastructure and construction sector. Over the course of more than 110 years, we have collaborated with public and private clients around the world. | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C. S.p.A. | https://www.pizzarotti.it/en/company-and-values/business-model/ | We are a global player in the infrastructure and construction sector. Over the course of more than 110 years, we have collaborated with public and private clients around the world to design, build and manage crucial infrastructure, thus enabling the improvement of people’s living standards.
Today the future presents itself in new forms, technology and sustainability became an essential part of our daily actions. While we as a group continue to do what we do best: shape space to make the world a better place to live in harmony.
It is the approach we have chosen, it’s our DNA. In this way we design, create and manage industrial initiatives that fully satisfy the needs of the market. We are constantly listening to our stakeholders, we carry out a transparent work of reporting on our activities in all phases, from planning to construction, management and maintenance of the work, as well as the engineering of the processes and the acquisition of production factors.
They make the difference, they bring knowledge and innovation, they are the engine of the company’s development. This is why we carefully select and protect them, paying the utmost attention to their safety. We consider training a strategic factor that guarantees constant enhancement of human capital.
Environmental protection is a central element for our company as we base the development of our activities on the territory. Attention to sustainability, reducing impact and engaging with local communities are the cornerstones of our daily actions.
We deal with civil constructions such as shopping centers and residential, offices, hospitals. Buildings that welcome people and are efficient from a management point of view.
This unit represents the perfect and synergistic completion of the core business of construction activities. Our offering includes advanced products in both design and execution, meeting the highest standards in terms of smart and sustainable goals.
This business unit is dedicated to the industrialization of the construction sector, to which it supplies a wide range of elements: railway sleepers, structural elements for buildings and infrastructures, acoustic barriers. With three factories in Italy and one planned in Romania, we make an important contribution to what we believe is the future of construction. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 45 | https://www.belgradewaterfront.com/en/news/belgrade-waterfront-appoints-impresa-pizzarotti-as-main-contractor-for-kula-belgrade/ | en | Belgrade Waterfront Appoints Impresa Pizzarotti as Main Contractor for Kula Belgrade | [
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] | 2018-11-26T15:50:50+00:00 | Belgrade Waterfront has awarded the main construction works contract for Kula Belgrade to Impresa Pizzarotti. | en | Belgrade Waterfront | https://www.belgradewaterfront.com/en/news/belgrade-waterfront-appoints-impresa-pizzarotti-as-main-contractor-for-kula-belgrade/ | World renowned Italian construction company awarded main works package for the 168-metre tall building featuring the capital’s highest observatory deck
Kula Belgrade will be the centrepiece of the Belgrade Waterfront and a future landmark of the capital
Kula Belgrade will house The St. Regis Belgrade and The Residences at The St. Regis Belgrade
Belgrade, Serbia – 26th November 2018: Belgrade Waterfront has awarded the main construction works contract for Kula Belgrade to Impresa Pizzarotti. The 168-metre tall building comprising 40 floors represents the highest building in Serbia and a future landmark of the capital. It will be the centrepiece of Belgrade Waterfront, featuring the capital’s highest observation deck that provides a remarkable panoramic view of the city. Construction works are set to begin in December 2018.
Impresa Pizzarotti is one of the leading Italian companies in the construction sector, and an international player in the construction of complex civil structures, as well as large infrastructure projects. Impressa Pizzarotti executed projects of similar size and complexity as Kula Belgrade in locations such as USA, Australia, Principality of Monaco and Portonovi in Montenegro. Skyscrapers like Marriott AC Hotel, 1 Seaport and 45 Broad Street in New York are the hallmark of the company which is confident to undertake the complex task of constructing this future landmark of the capital.
Nikola Nedeljkovic, General Manager of Belgrade Waterfront, said: “The long-standing expertise and knowledge of Impresa Pizzarotti will play an important role in the construction of this monumental building that emphasizes the spirit and beauty of Belgrade at its best. I am very pleased that we have such a world-class partner coming to Serbia after so many successful projects around the world, to help us towards this major milestone – a first-of-its-kind development in Serbia offering unparalleled lifestyle choices for citizens and making Belgrade an even more attractive destination”.
By combining residential, commercial, hospitality and entertainment offerings, Kula Belgrade will provide a new and unique space surrounded by an open public plaza, ideal for a range of different activities and events.
Marco Faroldi, representative of Impresa Pizzarotti, said: “We are immensely proud and grateful for the opportunity we are given – to build Kula Belgrade, the highest and one of the most important and beautiful buildings in Serbia. We will construct it with the support of Millennium Team, local company that already works successfully with Belgrade Waterfront, and Roberts Construction, leading company in construction of high-rise towers. Impressa Pizzarotti has been actively involved in the construction sector for more than 100 years, in 20 countries around five continents and we will ensure utilizing our international expertise to build this extraordinary masterpiece.”
Recognizing the significance and potential of this building, Marriott International Company chose Kula Belgrade to be home to the exclusive St. Regis brand, which will open its seventh hotel in Europe within this location. The Residences at The St. Regis Belgrade, luxury branded apartments, will also be located within Kula Belgrade as a European first, placing Belgrade on the world stage for top-notch destinations.
Kula Belgrade is designed by SOM, and developed by by the global design company AECOM. Belgrade’s strategic location at the confluence of the two big rivers was the main inspiration for architects, together with the historical and cultural landscape of Serbia.
To be complete in 2021, Kula Belgrade will be the centrepiece of the Belgrade Waterfront, which aims to raise the quality of life for citizens, stimulate the economic growth and make Serbia an alluring destination for tourists from all over the world.
-Ends-
About Belgrade Waterfront
Belgrade Waterfront is a spectacular new city hub situated along the River Sava in Belgrade, Serbia. Spread over a site area of approximately 1 million sqm and a total construction area of 1.8 million sqm, Belgrade Waterfront is a modern development by Eagle Hills. It will feature world-class residences and offices, BW Galerija, hotels, educational institutions, modern healthcare amenities, as well as a 1.8-kilometre long public waterfront edge and public parks with leisure attractions. | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 33 | https://italy.globaldatabase.com/company/impresa-pizzarotti-c-s-p-a | en | IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C. S.P.A. company information Italy | https://www.globaldatabase.com/api/image-serving/1144/630?url=https://www.globaldatabase.com/storage/img/presentation.jpg | [
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] | null | [] | null | IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C. S.P.A. is a Public Limited Company company based at VIA ANNA MARIA ADORNI, 1, Italy and has 660 employees. The company started trading on 19 February 1996 and their status is listed as Active. IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C. S.P.A.’s registration number is PR43991, and the company’s principal business activity is Construction of residential and non-residential buildings. | en | /static/favicon.ico | null | Financials of IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C. S.P.A.
Submitted on 2020-12-31, IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C. S.P.A.’s latest financial report shows a Turnover of €748M. In addition, it shows a Working-Capital of €349M with an Profit-after-Tax of -€100M. IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C. S.P.A, in comparison to the previous year, reported a Turnover increase of -13.45%, which is equal to 647.7 million. Also in comparison to the previous year, the company’s Working-Capital went down by 220.8 million or -36.68%.
IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C. S.P.A. Business Credit Report
A Credit Report IMPRESA PIZZAROTTI & C. S.P.A. is available for instant download. When we generate this report, we took into account that the company is 26 year old, Turnover €748M, Working-Capital €349M and the Profit-after-Tax of -€100M, we took into account if there are any outstanding mortgages or Court Judgements and checked if the industry which the company is trading, Construction of residential and non-residential buildings, is considered a high level of corporate failures. | ||||
884 | dbpedia | 2 | 66 | https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/4055109Z:IM | en | Impresa Pizzarotti & C SpA - Company Profile and News | [] | [] | [] | [
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Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 0 | 3 | https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/construction-trades/michele-pizzarotti/ | en | Michele Pizzarotti, Deputy Chairman of Impresa Pizzarotti | [
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] | 2018-08-20T04:35:54+00:00 | For Impresa Pizzarotti Deputy Chairman Michele Pizzarotti, honesty and dedication are the foundations of the family construction business. | en | //static.theceomagazine.net/content/logos/favicon.ico | The CEO Magazine | https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/construction-trades/michele-pizzarotti/ | Parma, Italy, may be known for parmesan cheese, prosciutto di Parma and handmade pasta, but it is also home to one of the country’s leading construction companies: Impresa Pizzarotti. The family business was founded by Gino Pizzarotti in 1910, with one of its first projects being the construction of a church in Cisa Pass. Since then, the company has been involved in construction works that include Paris Disneyland’s Sleeping Beauty Castle and Charles De Gaulle Airport in Paris.
Impresa Pizzarotti Deputy Chairman – and fourth-generation family member – Michele Pizzarotti, finds joy in developing infrastructure for everyday use. “In my job, you have a lot of issues to face every day, but this just drives my passion and curiosity,” Michele tells The CEO Magazine<. “I’m fascinated by the opportunity to create industrial initiatives that may have a positive impact on ordinary people.” “I’m fascinated with the opportunity to create industrial initiatives that may have a positive impact on ordinary people.”
The company conducts construction works for a broad range of industries including hospitals, factories, residential properties, railways, motorways and water treatment facilities. A standout project example is the new Milan Trade Fair complex. The building was designed by Italian architect Massimiliano Fuksas and includes 80 conference rooms, 25 bars and 20 restaurants. Its iconic feature is a large canopy named ‘veil’, made from glass and mirrored stainless steel. The veil reflects the natural landscape, with structures that emulate waves, craters and hills.
One of Impresa Pizzarotti’s innovative projects is the photovoltaic power plant above the Catania–Syracuse highway in Sicily. Not only did the business construct the 25-kilometre highway itself – which included four kilometres of viaducts and 2.8 kilometres of artificial tunnels – it built the solar plant as well. The 13.2 megawatt grid-connected plant is made up of four solar fields: the Campana, San Fratello, Cozzo Battaglia Nord and Cozzo Battaglia Sud, and Michele says it was “something very new” for the country.
With the company still going strong after more than a century, Michele attributes its success largely to the family’s management practices and values. “It’s our strategy to not distribute dividends and this has generated a high amount of capital for the Group, with a Group equity of around €500 million,” he says.
[/img]
“We work hard, we guarantee high quality to our clients and we are honest with them,” says Michele of their values. “Good relationships need a lot of respect between people. If someone wants to become a part of our company, they have to be honest and completely dedicated to the job.”
Over the years, Michele has been impressed by the company’s capabilities beyond Italy’s borders. “We have a presence in France, a country that is very difficult to enter because you have construction companies with a turnover much higher than ours,” he explains. “But we were still able to win some contracts, and I think we should be very proud of this achievement.”
Further, Impresa Pizzarotti has spread its reach to South America, the Middle East, Poland, Romania, Russia and, more recently, Australia, where it entered into an agreement in 2017 with RF Holdings to create a tier-one joint venture construction company, Roberts Pizzarotti.
“We are becoming very attractive to people around the world because we’re a family-owned business that is also multinational, with a long history and a lot of experience.”
Now the company is setting its sights on other markets such as the US. However, Michele acknowledges that entering new markets comes with several obstacles.
“At a personal level, I inherited the same drive my grandfather and father had to achieve success,” Michele muses. “And this is important because there are a lot of challenges. It’s more difficult now than in the past. Competition is high and prices are low. If you have an activity where the profit margin is not so high, you have to be near perfect.”
We work hard, we guarantee high quality to our clients and we are honest with them.”
And perfect Impresa Pizzarotti strives to be. Michele is honoured by the recognition the company has already received around the world for its projects. “We are very proud to have received so many certificates of excellence from our national and international clients,” Michele says. “This means recognition of all the work our employees have done to create such a company.” | ||||
884 | dbpedia | 3 | 92 | https://www.commercialready.com.au/content-hub/article/introducing-roberts-pizzarotti-what-differentiates-them-from-other-construction-businesses | en | Introducing Roberts Pizzarotti: What Differentiates Them from Other Construction Businesses? | [
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] | 2017-08-15T14:43:00+10:00 | Roberts Pizzarotti is the newest construction company on the block in Australia. Find out what they stand for & how they could shake up the industry! | en | /favicon.png | https://www.commercialready.com.au/content-hub/article/introducing-roberts-pizzarotti-what-differentiates-them-from-other-construction-businesses | A new commercial and residential construction business is ready to wow the residents of Australia’s eastern seaboard.
Mr. Andrew Roberts, former chief executive of Multiplex, is pairing up with well-known construction group Impresa Pizzarotti – a leading construction and infrastructure firm in Europe.
The tier-one construction firm was officially announced in February this year. The new company, Roberts Pizzarotti, will begin by focusing on building construction projects for education, health, office and hotel sectors – particularly with the Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, and Brisbane areas.
A potential top-tier partnership
With the number of top-tier building companies plummeting from eight in 2006 to just two today, the market is ripe for this new entrant.
Impresa Pizzarotti Vice President Michele Pizzarotti said the partnership “bring[s] together experience, local knowledge and the strength of a well-established, large scale, international tier one construction and infrastructure firm”.
Pairing with one of Europe’s most experienced construction companies could give Roberts Pizzarotti an edge in winning new jobs.
Indeed, the family-owned business already looks set to become a top tier construction operator in the country after securing a deal with private Chinese group Aqualand to build two major Sydney apartment projects.
The creation of this new company heralds a growing phenomenon of local construction groups teaming up foreign companies to have better strategic partnerships and competition in the industry.
Where to from here for Roberts Pizzarotti?
The partnership with Impresa Pizzarotti suggests Roberts Pizzarotti intends to carve a niche for itself in engineering and major infrastructure, with Impresa Pizzarotti already holding an outstanding reputation for infrastructure projects in Europe, including:
• Railways
• Gravity dams
• Subway
• Bypass
• Multi-motorway links
• Tramway
• Basin expansion
• Tunnels
• Highways
• Station extensions
• Expressway
This impressive list makes us excited to see how the company’s experience will be transferred to the newly adjoined business – residents can expect to see progressive structural changes coming to their areas soon!
Ms Mirams, who leads the new company, has also expressed interest in Robert Pizzarotti breaking into the defence sector.
A promising future
Roberts Pizzarotti aims to have “an uncompromising approach to quality – with our teams, our construction outcomes, and the relationships we foster with clients”.
With an expanding market and a background of strong reputations, it wouldn’t be difficult to see Roberts Pizzarotti deliver top quality developments across Australia.
There is no denying that this new construction company has the best interest of the eastern seaboard in mind.
Considering Australia’s property markets are increasing, we expect the construction company to play a big hand in developments in the future.
Learn more about the state of property development in Australia on the Development Ready blog today! | |||||
884 | dbpedia | 1 | 25 | https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/construction-trades/michele-pizzarotti/ | en | Michele Pizzarotti, Deputy Chairman of Impresa Pizzarotti | [
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"The CEO Magazine",
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] | 2018-08-20T04:35:54+00:00 | For Impresa Pizzarotti Deputy Chairman Michele Pizzarotti, honesty and dedication are the foundations of the family construction business. | en | //static.theceomagazine.net/content/logos/favicon.ico | The CEO Magazine | https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/construction-trades/michele-pizzarotti/ | Parma, Italy, may be known for parmesan cheese, prosciutto di Parma and handmade pasta, but it is also home to one of the country’s leading construction companies: Impresa Pizzarotti. The family business was founded by Gino Pizzarotti in 1910, with one of its first projects being the construction of a church in Cisa Pass. Since then, the company has been involved in construction works that include Paris Disneyland’s Sleeping Beauty Castle and Charles De Gaulle Airport in Paris.
Impresa Pizzarotti Deputy Chairman – and fourth-generation family member – Michele Pizzarotti, finds joy in developing infrastructure for everyday use. “In my job, you have a lot of issues to face every day, but this just drives my passion and curiosity,” Michele tells The CEO Magazine<. “I’m fascinated by the opportunity to create industrial initiatives that may have a positive impact on ordinary people.” “I’m fascinated with the opportunity to create industrial initiatives that may have a positive impact on ordinary people.”
The company conducts construction works for a broad range of industries including hospitals, factories, residential properties, railways, motorways and water treatment facilities. A standout project example is the new Milan Trade Fair complex. The building was designed by Italian architect Massimiliano Fuksas and includes 80 conference rooms, 25 bars and 20 restaurants. Its iconic feature is a large canopy named ‘veil’, made from glass and mirrored stainless steel. The veil reflects the natural landscape, with structures that emulate waves, craters and hills.
One of Impresa Pizzarotti’s innovative projects is the photovoltaic power plant above the Catania–Syracuse highway in Sicily. Not only did the business construct the 25-kilometre highway itself – which included four kilometres of viaducts and 2.8 kilometres of artificial tunnels – it built the solar plant as well. The 13.2 megawatt grid-connected plant is made up of four solar fields: the Campana, San Fratello, Cozzo Battaglia Nord and Cozzo Battaglia Sud, and Michele says it was “something very new” for the country.
With the company still going strong after more than a century, Michele attributes its success largely to the family’s management practices and values. “It’s our strategy to not distribute dividends and this has generated a high amount of capital for the Group, with a Group equity of around €500 million,” he says.
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“We work hard, we guarantee high quality to our clients and we are honest with them,” says Michele of their values. “Good relationships need a lot of respect between people. If someone wants to become a part of our company, they have to be honest and completely dedicated to the job.”
Over the years, Michele has been impressed by the company’s capabilities beyond Italy’s borders. “We have a presence in France, a country that is very difficult to enter because you have construction companies with a turnover much higher than ours,” he explains. “But we were still able to win some contracts, and I think we should be very proud of this achievement.”
Further, Impresa Pizzarotti has spread its reach to South America, the Middle East, Poland, Romania, Russia and, more recently, Australia, where it entered into an agreement in 2017 with RF Holdings to create a tier-one joint venture construction company, Roberts Pizzarotti.
“We are becoming very attractive to people around the world because we’re a family-owned business that is also multinational, with a long history and a lot of experience.”
Now the company is setting its sights on other markets such as the US. However, Michele acknowledges that entering new markets comes with several obstacles.
“At a personal level, I inherited the same drive my grandfather and father had to achieve success,” Michele muses. “And this is important because there are a lot of challenges. It’s more difficult now than in the past. Competition is high and prices are low. If you have an activity where the profit margin is not so high, you have to be near perfect.”
We work hard, we guarantee high quality to our clients and we are honest with them.”
And perfect Impresa Pizzarotti strives to be. Michele is honoured by the recognition the company has already received around the world for its projects. “We are very proud to have received so many certificates of excellence from our national and international clients,” Michele says. “This means recognition of all the work our employees have done to create such a company.” |