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What part of the province of Tarragona is Central Catalan spoken? | <text>What part of the province of Tarragona is Central Catalan spoken?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona... |
What area was Roman Tarraconensis language different from? | <text>What area was Roman Tarraconensis language different from?</text><reasoning>There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Po... |
What language branch did Catalan share a history with? | <text>What language branch did Catalan share a history with?</text><reasoning>There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portug... |
What is Occitan a branch of? | <text>What is Occitan a branch of?</text><reasoning>There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain periphe... |
What is Standard based on? | <text>What is Standard based on?</text><reasoning>Standard Catalan, virtually accepted by all speakers, is mostly based on Eastern Catalan, which is the most widely used dialect. Nevertheless, the standards of Valencia and the Balearics admit alternative forms, mostly traditional ones, which are not current in eastern ... |
What form is excepted by most speakers? | <text>What form is excepted by most speakers?</text><reasoning>Standard Catalan, virtually accepted by all speakers, is mostly based on Eastern Catalan, which is the most widely used dialect. Nevertheless, the standards of Valencia and the Balearics admit alternative forms, mostly traditional ones, which are not curren... |
What language forms are not now used in eastern Catalonia? | <text>What language forms are not now used in eastern Catalonia?</text><reasoning>Standard Catalan, virtually accepted by all speakers, is mostly based on Eastern Catalan, which is the most widely used dialect. Nevertheless, the standards of Valencia and the Balearics admit alternative forms, mostly traditional ones, w... |
What is the vowel system of Catalan? | <text>What is the vowel system of Catalan?</text><reasoning>Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel r... |
How many stressed phonemes are there in Catalan? | <text>How many stressed phonemes are there in Catalan?</text><reasoning>Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degree... |
Where is this system common? | <text>Where is this system common?</text><reasoning>Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction... |
What language is the exception? | <text>What language is the exception?</text><reasoning>Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduct... |
What language form differs in the amount of vowel reduction? | <text>What language form differs in the amount of vowel reduction?</text><reasoning>Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the diff... |
What language is parle or tem ? | <text>What language is parle or tem ?</text><reasoning>In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -e (∅ in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugation), or -o.
E.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern). In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations.
E... |
What language is parlo or temo ? | <text>What language is parlo or temo ?</text><reasoning>In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -e (∅ in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugation), or -o.
E.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern). In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations.... |
What language is parl? | <text>What language is parl?</text><reasoning>In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -e (∅ in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugation), or -o.
E.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern). In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations.
E.g. parlo... |
What language form is parli? | <text>What language form is parli?</text><reasoning>In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -e (∅ in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugation), or -o.
E.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern). In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations.
E.g.... |
What do the two blocks of Catalan display differences in? | <text>What do the two blocks of Catalan display differences in?</text><reasoning>Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central... |
How can you explain differences in the language groups? | <text>How can you explain differences in the language groups?</text><reasoning>Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central C... |
What form is innovative? | <text>What form is innovative?</text><reasoning>Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative el... |
What are the two blocks of Catalan? | <text>What are the two blocks of Catalan?</text><reasoning>Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an in... |
What does an archaism explain? | <text>What does an archaism explain?</text><reasoning>Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovat... |
What form has the same /e/ as Central and Western? | <text>What form has the same /e/ as Central and Western?</text><reasoning>Central, Western, and Balearic differ in the lexical incidence of stressed /e/ and /ɛ/. Usually, words with /ɛ/ in Central Catalan correspond to /ə/ in Balearic and /e/ in Western Catalan. Words with /e/ in Balearic almost always have /e/ in Cent... |
What vowel does Central have a larger occurrence of? | <text>What vowel does Central have a larger occurrence of?</text><reasoning>Central, Western, and Balearic differ in the lexical incidence of stressed /e/ and /ɛ/. Usually, words with /ɛ/ in Central Catalan correspond to /ə/ in Balearic and /e/ in Western Catalan. Words with /e/ in Balearic almost always have /e/ in Ce... |
What is the result of /e/ being the same in Central, Western and Belearic? | <text>What is the result of /e/ being the same in Central, Western and Belearic?</text><reasoning>Central, Western, and Balearic differ in the lexical incidence of stressed /e/ and /ɛ/. Usually, words with /ɛ/ in Central Catalan correspond to /ə/ in Balearic and /e/ in Western Catalan. Words with /e/ in Balearic almos... |
How do linguists view Catalan and Valencian? | <text>How do linguists view Catalan and Valencian?</text><reasoning>Linguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) declares ... |
How do Valencian scholars view Catalan and Valencian? | <text>How do Valencian scholars view Catalan and Valencian?</text><reasoning>Linguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) ... |
What is the official regulating body of Valencian? | <text>What is the official regulating body of Valencian?</text><reasoning>Linguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) de... |
Who says that there is linguistic unity between Catalan and Valencian? | <text>Who says that there is linguistic unity between Catalan and Valencian?</text><reasoning>Linguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de ... |
In what language do unstressed vowels reduce to four? | <text>In what language do unstressed vowels reduce to four?</text><reasoning>In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan.</reasoning><output>Majorcan</output> |
What reduction pattern do some vowels follow? | <text>What reduction pattern do some vowels follow?</text><reasoning>In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan.</reasoning><output>Eastern Catalan</output> |
What other pattern do other vowels follow? | <text>What other pattern do other vowels follow?</text><reasoning>In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan.</reasoning><output>Western Catalan</output> |
What letter remains distinct? | <text>What letter remains distinct?</text><reasoning>In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan.</reasoning><output>/u/</output> |
/u/ remaining distinct is like what form of Catalan? | <text>/u/ remaining distinct is like what form of Catalan?</text><reasoning>In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan.</reasoning><output>Western Catalan</output> |
How are Catalan verbs grouped? | <text>How are Catalan verbs grouped?</text><reasoning>Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verb... |
Which conjugation has about 3500 verbs? | <text>Which conjugation has about 3500 verbs?</text><reasoning>Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 co... |
How many verbs are in the third conjugation? | <text>How many verbs are in the third conjugation?</text><reasoning>Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 35... |
Which conjugation has less than 100 verbs? | <text>Which conjugation has less than 100 verbs?</text><reasoning>Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500... |
What does Catalan share with nearby Romance languages? | <text>What does Catalan share with nearby Romance languages?</text><reasoning>Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Italian, Sardinian, Occitan, and Spanish). However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan has marked differences with the Ibero-Romance group (... |
Where is the Catalan language mostly located? | <text>Where is the Catalan language mostly located?</text><reasoning>Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Italian, Sardinian, Occitan, and Spanish). However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan has marked differences with the Ibero-Romance group (Spanish a... |
In pronunciation what is Catalan different from? | <text>In pronunciation what is Catalan different from?</text><reasoning>Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Italian, Sardinian, Occitan, and Spanish). However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan has marked differences with the Ibero-Romance group (Spanis... |
What are examples of Ibero-Romance languages? | <text>What are examples of Ibero-Romance languages?</text><reasoning>Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Italian, Sardinian, Occitan, and Spanish). However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan has marked differences with the Ibero-Romance group (Spanish a... |
To what group is Catalan most closely related? | <text>To what group is Catalan most closely related?</text><reasoning>Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Italian, Sardinian, Occitan, and Spanish). However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan has marked differences with the Ibero-Romance group (Spanish ... |
Where do you find medieval plurals? | <text>Where do you find medieval plurals?</text><reasoning>In nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.
E.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.
E.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'.</reasoning><output>nouns... |
What letter is lost in some words? | <text>What letter is lost in some words?</text><reasoning>In nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.
E.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.
E.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'.</reasoning><output>/n/</o... |
When homens loses /n/, it becomes what word? | <text>When homens loses /n/, it becomes what word?</text><reasoning>In nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.
E.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.
E.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'.</reasoning><out... |
The medieval jovens becomes what what word? | <text>The medieval jovens becomes what what word?</text><reasoning>In nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.
E.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.
E.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'.</reasoning><outp... |
What kind of plural words lose /n/? | <text>What kind of plural words lose /n/?</text><reasoning>In nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.
E.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.
E.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'.</reasoning><output>propa... |
Where is IEC's standard used? | <text>Where is IEC's standard used?</text><reasoning>In the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as cantem ('we sing') but the University sa... |
How is the standard used there? | <text>How is the standard used there?</text><reasoning>In the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as cantem ('we sing') but the University ... |
What is a first person singular feature of the Balearic standard? | <text>What is a first person singular feature of the Balearic standard?</text><reasoning>In the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as can... |
How is Valencian classified? | <text>How is Valencian classified?</text><reasoning>Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)</rea... |
What kind of Valencan is spoken in Western Catalonia? | <text>What kind of Valencan is spoken in Western Catalonia?</text><reasoning>Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (rang... |
Where are the provinces of Lleida and Tarragona? | <text>Where are the provinces of Lleida and Tarragona?</text><reasoning>Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging f... |
What forms are mutually intelligible? | <text>What forms are mutually intelligible?</text><reasoning>Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to ... |
What is the percentage of intelligibility between Catalan and Valencian? | <text>What is the percentage of intelligibility between Catalan and Valencian?</text><reasoning>Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually... |
What do unstressed vowels reduce to in Western Catalan? | <text>What do unstressed vowels reduce to in Western Catalan?</text><reasoning>In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further red... |
Which letters remain distinct? | <text>Which letters remain distinct?</text><reasoning>In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony i... |
Where did this pattern come from? | <text>Where did this pattern come from?</text><reasoning>In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmon... |
In what other languages is this pattern found? | <text>In what other languages is this pattern found?</text><reasoning>In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or... |
What do other Western dialects sometimes offer? | <text>What do other Western dialects sometimes offer?</text><reasoning>In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction ... |
Who established the AVL? | <text>Who established the AVL?</text><reasoning>The AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, except the R... |
Over what does the AVL make rules governing? | <text>Over what does the AVL make rules governing?</text><reasoning>The AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this s... |
What is the AVL standard based on? | <text>What is the AVL standard based on?</text><reasoning>The AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, ex... |
Who uses this standard? | <text>Who uses this standard?</text><reasoning>The AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, except the Ro... |
Who is exempt from the standard and uses their own? | <text>Who is exempt from the standard and uses their own?</text><reasoning>The AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses ... |
When were Castille and Aragon united? | <text>When were Castille and Aragon united?</text><reasoning>With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature experienced a decline, the language came under the influence of Spanish, and the urban and liter... |
After 1479, what language became more valued? | <text>After 1479, what language became more valued?</text><reasoning>With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature experienced a decline, the language came under the influence of Spanish, and the urban a... |
When did Catalan literature begin a downward trend? | <text>When did Catalan literature begin a downward trend?</text><reasoning>With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature experienced a decline, the language came under the influence of Spanish, and the u... |
What language began to supersede Catalan? | <text>What language began to supersede Catalan?</text><reasoning>With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature experienced a decline, the language came under the influence of Spanish, and the urban and l... |
At this time what classes became bilingual? | <text>At this time what classes became bilingual?</text><reasoning>With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature experienced a decline, the language came under the influence of Spanish, and the urban and... |
As what can divergence in the groups be shown? | <text>As what can divergence in the groups be shown?</text><reasoning>Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan ac... |
How does central Catalan behave with the groups? | <text>How does central Catalan behave with the groups?</text><reasoning>Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan ... |
What are the two dialectical groups of Catalan? | <text>What are the two dialectical groups of Catalan?</text><reasoning>Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan a... |
What language has a lexical unity? | <text>What language has a lexical unity?</text><reasoning>Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an inn... |
What do most Valencian people think Valencian is in regards to Catalan? | <text>What do most Valencian people think Valencian is in regards to Catalan?</text><reasoning>Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by pe... |
When was an opinion poll done concerning Valencian? | <text>When was an opinion poll done concerning Valencian?</text><reasoning>Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use ... |
Who is less likely to believe that Catalan and Valencian are different? | <text>Who is less likely to believe that Catalan and Valencian are different?</text><reasoning>Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by pe... |
Who uses a Valencian standard separate from Catalan? | <text>Who uses a Valencian standard separate from Catalan?</text><reasoning>Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use... |
How many scholars outside of linguistics agree with the Royal Academy? | <text>How many scholars outside of linguistics agree with the Royal Academy?</text><reasoning>Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by peo... |
What is jo compro changed to ? | <text>What is jo compro changed to ?</text><reasoning>The most notable difference between both standards is some tonic ⟨e⟩ accentuation, for instance: francès, anglès (IEC) – francés, anglés (AVL). Nevertheless, AVL's standard keeps the grave accent ⟨è⟩, without pronouncing this ⟨e⟩ as /ɛ/, in some words like: què ('wh... |
What common Valencian forms are used? | <text>What common Valencian forms are used?</text><reasoning>The most notable difference between both standards is some tonic ⟨e⟩ accentuation, for instance: francès, anglès (IEC) – francés, anglés (AVL). Nevertheless, AVL's standard keeps the grave accent ⟨è⟩, without pronouncing this ⟨e⟩ as /ɛ/, in some words like: q... |
What forms are also common in the rest of Western Catalan? | <text>What forms are also common in the rest of Western Catalan?</text><reasoning>The most notable difference between both standards is some tonic ⟨e⟩ accentuation, for instance: francès, anglès (IEC) – francés, anglés (AVL). Nevertheless, AVL's standard keeps the grave accent ⟨è⟩, without pronouncing this ⟨e⟩ as /ɛ/, ... |
What is the usual masculine suffix? | <text>What is the usual masculine suffix?</text><reasoning>In gender inflection, the most notable feature is (compared to Portuguese, Spanish or Italian), the loss of the typical masculine suffix -o. Thus, the alternance of -o/-a, has been replaced by ø/-a. There are only a few exceptions, like minso/minsa ("scarce"). ... |
How many forms of personal pronouns are there in Catalan? | <text>How many forms of personal pronouns are there in Catalan?</text><reasoning>The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, specially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian). Features include the gender-neutral ho and the great degree of freed... |
How many personal pronouns are there is Spanish? | <text>How many personal pronouns are there is Spanish?</text><reasoning>The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, specially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian). Features include the gender-neutral ho and the great degree of freedom when c... |
What is the number of personal pronouns in Italian? | <text>What is the number of personal pronouns in Italian?</text><reasoning>The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, specially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian). Features include the gender-neutral ho and the great degree of freedom whe... |
How many different combinations of unstressed pronouns are there? | <text>How many different combinations of unstressed pronouns are there?</text><reasoning>The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, specially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian). Features include the gender-neutral ho and the great degree ... |
What has Central Catalan mostly abandoned? | <text>What has Central Catalan mostly abandoned?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan has abandoned almost completely unstressed possessives (mon, etc.) in favour of constructions of article + stressed forms (el meu, etc.), a feature shared with Italian.</reasoning><output>unstressed possessives</output> |
What other language shares this type of construction? | <text>What other language shares this type of construction?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan has abandoned almost completely unstressed possessives (mon, etc.) in favour of constructions of article + stressed forms (el meu, etc.), a feature shared with Italian.</reasoning><output>Italian</output> |
What is an example of an article +stressed forms? | <text>What is an example of an article +stressed forms?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan has abandoned almost completely unstressed possessives (mon, etc.) in favour of constructions of article + stressed forms (el meu, etc.), a feature shared with Italian.</reasoning><output>el meu</output> |
What is an example of an unstressed possessive? | <text>What is an example of an unstressed possessive?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan has abandoned almost completely unstressed possessives (mon, etc.) in favour of constructions of article + stressed forms (el meu, etc.), a feature shared with Italian.</reasoning><output>mon</output> |
What kind of words does Catalan have few of? | <text>What kind of words does Catalan have few of?</text><reasoning>Catalan has few suppletive couplets, like Italian and Spanish, and unlike French. Thus, Catalan has noi/noia ("boy"/"girl") and gall/gallina ("cock"/"hen"), whereas French has garçon/fille and coq/poule.</reasoning><output>suppletive couplets</output> |
What languages have more couplets than Catalan? | <text>What languages have more couplets than Catalan?</text><reasoning>Catalan has few suppletive couplets, like Italian and Spanish, and unlike French. Thus, Catalan has noi/noia ("boy"/"girl") and gall/gallina ("cock"/"hen"), whereas French has garçon/fille and coq/poule.</reasoning><output>French</output> |
What languages are similar to Catalan in numbers of couplets? | <text>What languages are similar to Catalan in numbers of couplets?</text><reasoning>Catalan has few suppletive couplets, like Italian and Spanish, and unlike French. Thus, Catalan has noi/noia ("boy"/"girl") and gall/gallina ("cock"/"hen"), whereas French has garçon/fille and coq/poule.</reasoning><output>Italian an... |
What language is not like Catalan in suppletive couplets? | <text>What language is not like Catalan in suppletive couplets?</text><reasoning>Catalan has few suppletive couplets, like Italian and Spanish, and unlike French. Thus, Catalan has noi/noia ("boy"/"girl") and gall/gallina ("cock"/"hen"), whereas French has garçon/fille and coq/poule.</reasoning><output>French</output> |
What is Catalan verbal inflection ? | <text>What is Catalan verbal inflection ?</text><reasoning>Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these ... |
What plays a primary part in Catalan? | <text>What plays a primary part in Catalan?</text><reasoning>Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, thes... |
What plays a secondary part in Catalan? | <text>What plays a secondary part in Catalan?</text><reasoning>Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, th... |
How are vowel alternances in Catalan? | <text>How are vowel alternances in Catalan?</text><reasoning>Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, thes... |
Where is the Catalan speaking part of Aragon? | <text>Where is the Catalan speaking part of Aragon?</text><reasoning>In 2011, the Aragonese government passed a decree for the establishment of a new language regulator of Catalan in La Franja (the so-called Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon). The new entity, designated as Acadèmia Aragonesa del Català, shall allow a fa... |
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