text stringlengths 1 717 | output stringlengths 116 17.8k |
|---|---|
What did the war in 1714 mandate as the proper language in documentation? | <text>What did the war in 1714 mandate as the proper language in documentation?</text><reasoning>The decline of Catalan continued in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Catalan defeat in the War of Spanish Succession (1714) initiated a series of measures imposing the use of Spanish in legal documentation.</reasoning><outp... |
Who was defeated in the War of Spanish Succession? | <text>Who was defeated in the War of Spanish Succession?</text><reasoning>The decline of Catalan continued in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Catalan defeat in the War of Spanish Succession (1714) initiated a series of measures imposing the use of Spanish in legal documentation.</reasoning><output>Catalan</output> |
What is the similarity between Catalan and Italian? | <text>What is the similarity between Catalan and Italian?</text><reasoning>According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian.</reasoning><output>87%</output> |
Hoe similar is Catalan to Portuguese? | <text>Hoe similar is Catalan to Portuguese?</text><reasoning>According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian.</reasoning><output>85%</output> |
What is the percent relationship of Catalan to Spanish? | <text>What is the percent relationship of Catalan to Spanish?</text><reasoning>According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian.</reasoning><output>80%</outpu... |
What is the relationship similarity to Ladin? | <text>What is the relationship similarity to Ladin?</text><reasoning>According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian.</reasoning><output>76%</output> |
How related is Sardinian to Catalan? | <text>How related is Sardinian to Catalan?</text><reasoning>According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian.</reasoning><output>75%</output> |
When did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage? | <text>When did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?</text><reasoning>In 2015, the system began its transition towards global coverage with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites, and the 17th one within the new system.</reasoning><output>2015</output> |
How did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage? | <text>How did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?</text><reasoning>In 2015, the system began its transition towards global coverage with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites, and the 17th one within the new system.</reasoning><output>with the first launch of a new-generation of satel... |
What is the standard pronunciation of Catalan? | <text>What is the standard pronunciation of Catalan?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article.</... |
What is Central Catalan? | <text>What is Central Catalan?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article.</reasoning><output>stan... |
What are the descriptions for? | <text>What are the descriptions for?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article.</reasoning><outpu... |
Where do you look for the pronunciation of different dialects? | <text>Where do you look for the pronunciation of different dialects?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in... |
What is Catalan being supplanted by in Alicante? | <text>What is Catalan being supplanted by in Alicante?</text><reasoning>In the Alicante province Catalan is being replaced by Spanish, and in Alghero by Italian. There are also well ingrained diglossic attitudes against Catalan in the Valencian Community, Ibiza, and to a lesser extent, in the rest of the Balearic islan... |
What is Catalan being replaced by in Alghero? | <text>What is Catalan being replaced by in Alghero?</text><reasoning>In the Alicante province Catalan is being replaced by Spanish, and in Alghero by Italian. There are also well ingrained diglossic attitudes against Catalan in the Valencian Community, Ibiza, and to a lesser extent, in the rest of the Balearic islands.... |
What are the anti-Catalan attitudes in Valencia and Ibiza? | <text>What are the anti-Catalan attitudes in Valencia and Ibiza?</text><reasoning>In the Alicante province Catalan is being replaced by Spanish, and in Alghero by Italian. There are also well ingrained diglossic attitudes against Catalan in the Valencian Community, Ibiza, and to a lesser extent, in the rest of the Bale... |
What is another expression for bilingual attitudes? | <text>What is another expression for bilingual attitudes?</text><reasoning>In the Alicante province Catalan is being replaced by Spanish, and in Alghero by Italian. There are also well ingrained diglossic attitudes against Catalan in the Valencian Community, Ibiza, and to a lesser extent, in the rest of the Balearic is... |
What is Spanish replacing in Alicante province? | <text>What is Spanish replacing in Alicante province?</text><reasoning>In the Alicante province Catalan is being replaced by Spanish, and in Alghero by Italian. There are also well ingrained diglossic attitudes against Catalan in the Valencian Community, Ibiza, and to a lesser extent, in the rest of the Balearic island... |
Investing in what Industry is a sign that Somalia's economy is continuing to improve? | <text>Investing in what Industry is a sign that Somalia's economy is continuing to improve?</text><reasoning>Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop. The sector provides key communication services, and in the process facilitates job crea... |
What sector provides key communication services? | <text>What sector provides key communication services?</text><reasoning>Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop. The sector provides key communication services, and in the process facilitates job creation and income generation.</reasonin... |
What is Catalan a variety of? | <text>What is Catalan a variety of?</text><reasoning>Catalan bears varying degrees of similarity to the linguistic varieties subsumed under the cover term Occitan language (see also differences between Occitan and Catalan and Gallo-Romance languages). Thus, as it should be expected from closely related languages, Catal... |
What are the degrees of similarity with Occitan and Gallo-Romance languages? | <text>What are the degrees of similarity with Occitan and Gallo-Romance languages?</text><reasoning>Catalan bears varying degrees of similarity to the linguistic varieties subsumed under the cover term Occitan language (see also differences between Occitan and Catalan and Gallo-Romance languages). Thus, as it should be... |
What are there besides degrees of similarity with Occitan? | <text>What are there besides degrees of similarity with Occitan?</text><reasoning>Catalan bears varying degrees of similarity to the linguistic varieties subsumed under the cover term Occitan language (see also differences between Occitan and Catalan and Gallo-Romance languages). Thus, as it should be expected from clo... |
What does Catalan share with other Romance languages? | <text>What does Catalan share with other Romance languages?</text><reasoning>Catalan bears varying degrees of similarity to the linguistic varieties subsumed under the cover term Occitan language (see also differences between Occitan and Catalan and Gallo-Romance languages). Thus, as it should be expected from closely ... |
Why does Catalan share many traits with other Romance languages? | <text>Why does Catalan share many traits with other Romance languages?</text><reasoning>Catalan bears varying degrees of similarity to the linguistic varieties subsumed under the cover term Occitan language (see also differences between Occitan and Catalan and Gallo-Romance languages). Thus, as it should be expected fr... |
When did Catalan rulers broaden their territory to north of the Ebro River? | <text>When did Catalan rulers broaden their territory to north of the Ebro River?</text><reasoning>During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded up to north of the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repop... |
When did the Catalan rulers take over Valencia and the Balearic Islands? | <text>When did the Catalan rulers take over Valencia and the Balearic Islands?</text><reasoning>During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded up to north of the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopula... |
When Catalan reach Sardinia? | <text>When Catalan reach Sardinia?</text><reasoning>During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded up to north of the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the 14th centur... |
Where did the Catalan language reach in the 15th century? | <text>Where did the Catalan language reach in the 15th century?</text><reasoning>During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded up to north of the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catala... |
When did Murcia become Spanish speaking? | <text>When did Murcia become Spanish speaking?</text><reasoning>During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded up to north of the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the... |
How is Catalan different from other Romance languages? | <text>How is Catalan different from other Romance languages?</text><reasoning>In contrast with other Romance languages, Catalan has many monosyllabic words; and those ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters. Also, Catalan has final obstruent devoicing, thus featuring many couplets like amic "... |
What other type of endings do Catalan words have? | <text>What other type of endings do Catalan words have?</text><reasoning>In contrast with other Romance languages, Catalan has many monosyllabic words; and those ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters. Also, Catalan has final obstruent devoicing, thus featuring many couplets like amic "(male... |
What kind of final devoicing does the language have? | <text>What kind of final devoicing does the language have?</text><reasoning>In contrast with other Romance languages, Catalan has many monosyllabic words; and those ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters. Also, Catalan has final obstruent devoicing, thus featuring many couplets like amic "(m... |
What do many words feature? | <text>What do many words feature?</text><reasoning>In contrast with other Romance languages, Catalan has many monosyllabic words; and those ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters. Also, Catalan has final obstruent devoicing, thus featuring many couplets like amic "(male friend") vs. amiga ("... |
What are the Paisos Catalans | <text>What are the Paisos Catalans</text><reasoning>These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations of the term m... |
What is that determination based on? | <text>What is that determination based on?</text><reasoning>These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations of th... |
What status does Catalan Countries have? | <text>What status does Catalan Countries have?</text><reasoning>These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations o... |
What is the interpretation of the term? | <text>What is the interpretation of the term?</text><reasoning>These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations of... |
What is the term for Catalan Countries? | <text>What is the term for Catalan Countries?</text><reasoning>These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations of... |
What kind of shifts are taking place in Catalan speaking areas? | <text>What kind of shifts are taking place in Catalan speaking areas?</text><reasoning>On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place. In Northern Catalonia, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers being 60 or... |
How old are most of the native language speakers in northern Catalonia? | <text>How old are most of the native language speakers in northern Catalonia?</text><reasoning>On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place. In Northern Catalonia, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers bein... |
When was it determined that most native speakers in France are 60 or older? | <text>When was it determined that most native speakers in France are 60 or older?</text><reasoning>On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place. In Northern Catalonia, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers ... |
What percentage of primary students study Catalan as a foreign language? | <text>What percentage of primary students study Catalan as a foreign language?</text><reasoning>On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place. In Northern Catalonia, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers bei... |
What do 15% of secondary school students study as a foreign language? | <text>What do 15% of secondary school students study as a foreign language?</text><reasoning>On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place. In Northern Catalonia, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers being ... |
What element in Spanish is more prominent than in Catalan? | <text>What element in Spanish is more prominent than in Catalan?</text><reasoning>The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin origi... |
What language loanwords are found in both Spanish and Catalan? | <text>What language loanwords are found in both Spanish and Catalan?</text><reasoning>The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin o... |
In which language is the Arabic element stand out more? | <text>In which language is the Arabic element stand out more?</text><reasoning>The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin origin, ... |
Where does the Catalan word alfabia come from? | <text>Where does the Catalan word alfabia come from?</text><reasoning>The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin origin, contrast ... |
What is the origin of the Spanish word teja? | <text>What is the origin of the Spanish word teja?</text><reasoning>The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin origin, contrast wi... |
How many reduced unstressed are vowels are there in Central Catalan? | <text>How many reduced unstressed are vowels are there in Central Catalan?</text><reasoning>In Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article).... |
What vowel stays distinct? | <text>What vowel stays distinct?</text><reasoning>In Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article).</reasoning><output>/i/</output> |
What kind of vowel processes do other dialects have? | <text>What kind of vowel processes do other dialects have?</text><reasoning>In Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article).</reasoning><outp... |
Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three? | <text>Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three?</text><reasoning>In Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article).</reasoning><output>In Cen... |
Where do you find dialectic vowel reductions? | <text>Where do you find dialectic vowel reductions?</text><reasoning>In Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article).</reasoning><output>sect... |
What do the dialects of Catalan feature? | <text>What do the dialects of Catalan feature?</text><reasoning>The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estima... |
In comparison to what are the dialects uniform? | <text>In comparison to what are the dialects uniform?</text><reasoning>The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high,... |
What is high among dialects? | <text>What is high among dialects?</text><reasoning>The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estimates ranging ... |
What is the percentage of intelligibility between dialects? | <text>What is the percentage of intelligibility between dialects?</text><reasoning>The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects i... |
What dialect is the exception to intelligibility? | <text>What dialect is the exception to intelligibility?</text><reasoning>The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very hig... |
Since the transition what language has been proclaimed mandatory in schools? | <text>Since the transition what language has been proclaimed mandatory in schools?</text><reasoning>Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prest... |
Where is the teaching of Catalan mandatory? | <text>Where is the teaching of Catalan mandatory?</text><reasoning>Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no pa... |
Since the transition, what is the official language? | <text>Since the transition, what is the official language?</text><reasoning>Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there... |
Besides as an official and an educational language, where else is Catalan the prefered language? | <text>Besides as an official and an educational language, where else is Catalan the prefered language?</text><reasoning>Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed t... |
What two dialects does Western Catalan include? | <text>What two dialects does Western Catalan include?</text><reasoning>Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects.</reas... |
How many dialects are in the eastern group? | <text>How many dialects are in the eastern group?</text><reasoning>Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects.</reasonin... |
To what division does Central Catalan belong? | <text>To what division does Central Catalan belong?</text><reasoning>Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects.</reason... |
What other divisions can be made of dialects? | <text>What other divisions can be made of dialects?</text><reasoning>Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects.</reason... |
What block does Northwestern Catalan and Valencian belong to? | <text>What block does Northwestern Catalan and Valencian belong to?</text><reasoning>Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subd... |
What is the major difference between the two blocks? | <text>What is the major difference between the two blocks?</text><reasoning>Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Wes... |
How are a and e in western dialects? | <text>How are a and e in western dialects?</text><reasoning>Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. T... |
What have a and e done in eastern dialects? | <text>What have a and e done in eastern dialects?</text><reasoning>Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dial... |
What did the 19th century produce in Catalan literature? | <text>What did the 19th century produce in Catalan literature?</text><reasoning>In parallel, however, the 19th century saw a Catalan literary revival (Renaixença), which has continued up to the present day. This period starts with Aribau's Ode to the Homeland (1833); followed in the second half of the 19th century, and... |
What is Renaixenca? | <text>What is Renaixenca?</text><reasoning>In parallel, however, the 19th century saw a Catalan literary revival (Renaixença), which has continued up to the present day. This period starts with Aribau's Ode to the Homeland (1833); followed in the second half of the 19th century, and the early 20th by the work of Verdag... |
When did Aribau write Ode to the Homeland? | <text>When did Aribau write Ode to the Homeland?</text><reasoning>In parallel, however, the 19th century saw a Catalan literary revival (Renaixença), which has continued up to the present day. This period starts with Aribau's Ode to the Homeland (1833); followed in the second half of the 19th century, and the early 20t... |
When did this revival period begin? | <text>When did this revival period begin?</text><reasoning>In parallel, however, the 19th century saw a Catalan literary revival (Renaixença), which has continued up to the present day. This period starts with Aribau's Ode to the Homeland (1833); followed in the second half of the 19th century, and the early 20th by th... |
In what century did Vedaguer, Oller, and Guimera wrte? | <text>In what century did Vedaguer, Oller, and Guimera wrte?</text><reasoning>In parallel, however, the 19th century saw a Catalan literary revival (Renaixença), which has continued up to the present day. This period starts with Aribau's Ode to the Homeland (1833); followed in the second half of the 19th century, and t... |
What field studies the placement of Catalan in the world? | <text>What field studies the placement of Catalan in the world?</text><reasoning>Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the rela... |
What is the study of the differenet varieties of Catalan? | <text>What is the study of the differenet varieties of Catalan?</text><reasoning>Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the rela... |
What is this a subdiscipline of? | <text>What is this a subdiscipline of?</text><reasoning>Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between the Catalan ... |
What does it want to do with the language, the speakers, and reality? | <text>What does it want to do with the language, the speakers, and reality?</text><reasoning>Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to anal... |
What outside affects does this study include? | <text>What outside affects does this study include?</text><reasoning>Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between... |
When did the French obtain Algeria? | <text>When did the French obtain Algeria?</text><reasoning>Following the French capture of Algeria (1833), that region saw several waves of Catalan-speaking settlers. People from the Spanish Alacant province settled around Oran, whereas Algiers received immigration from Northern Catalonia and Minorca. Their speech was ... |
Where did the Algiers immigrants come from? | <text>Where did the Algiers immigrants come from?</text><reasoning>Following the French capture of Algeria (1833), that region saw several waves of Catalan-speaking settlers. People from the Spanish Alacant province settled around Oran, whereas Algiers received immigration from Northern Catalonia and Minorca. Their spe... |
What was the Catalan immigrant's speech called? | <text>What was the Catalan immigrant's speech called?</text><reasoning>Following the French capture of Algeria (1833), that region saw several waves of Catalan-speaking settlers. People from the Spanish Alacant province settled around Oran, whereas Algiers received immigration from Northern Catalonia and Minorca. Their... |
How many Catalan speakers lived in Algiers by 1911? | <text>How many Catalan speakers lived in Algiers by 1911?</text><reasoning>Following the French capture of Algeria (1833), that region saw several waves of Catalan-speaking settlers. People from the Spanish Alacant province settled around Oran, whereas Algiers received immigration from Northern Catalonia and Minorca. T... |
When did most Catalan speakers leave northern Catalonia? | <text>When did most Catalan speakers leave northern Catalonia?</text><reasoning>Following the French capture of Algeria (1833), that region saw several waves of Catalan-speaking settlers. People from the Spanish Alacant province settled around Oran, whereas Algiers received immigration from Northern Catalonia and Minor... |
When was the golden age of Catalan? | <text>When was the golden age of Catalan?</text><reasoning>In the Low Middle Ages, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th–14th centuries), and the Valencian school of po... |
Where was the center of the Crown of Aragon? | <text>Where was the center of the Crown of Aragon?</text><reasoning>In the Low Middle Ages, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th–14th centuries), and the Valencian sch... |
What was the official language of Sicily until the 15th century? | <text>What was the official language of Sicily until the 15th century?</text><reasoning>In the Low Middle Ages, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th–14th centuries), a... |
Until what century was Catalan used as the official language in Sardinia? | <text>Until what century was Catalan used as the official language in Sardinia?</text><reasoning>In the Low Middle Ages, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th–14th cent... |
Who called Catalan one of the great languages? | <text>Who called Catalan one of the great languages?</text><reasoning>In the Low Middle Ages, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th–14th centuries), and the Valencian s... |
What is the origin of language elements found in Catalan and not in Spanish? | <text>What is the origin of language elements found in Catalan and not in Spanish?</text><reasoning>The Germanic superstrate has had different outcomes in Spanish and Catalan. For example, Catalan fang "mud" and rostir "to roast", of Germanic origin, contrast with Spanish lodo and asar, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan... |
What is the origin of some Spanish words? | <text>What is the origin of some Spanish words?</text><reasoning>The Germanic superstrate has had different outcomes in Spanish and Catalan. For example, Catalan fang "mud" and rostir "to roast", of Germanic origin, contrast with Spanish lodo and asar, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan filosa "spinning wheel" and pols "... |
What has different results in Spanish and Catalan? | <text>What has different results in Spanish and Catalan?</text><reasoning>The Germanic superstrate has had different outcomes in Spanish and Catalan. For example, Catalan fang "mud" and rostir "to roast", of Germanic origin, contrast with Spanish lodo and asar, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan filosa "spinning wheel" a... |
Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three? | <text>Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three?</text><reasoning>In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a].</reasoning><output>Eastern Cata... |
What is the exception to this reduction? | <text>What is the exception to this reduction?</text><reasoning>In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a].</reasoning><output>Majorcan</outpu... |
Which vowel remains distinct? | <text>Which vowel remains distinct?</text><reasoning>In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a].</reasoning><output>/i/</output> |
What comprises the standard pronunciation of Catalan? | <text>What comprises the standard pronunciation of Catalan?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most o... |
Where are the most speakers found? | <text>Where are the most speakers found?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of G... |
In what densely populated area is it spoken? | <text>In what densely populated area is it spoken?</text><reasoning>Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the pro... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.