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What university did Peterson attend? | <text>What university did Peterson attend?</text><reasoning>The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian or... |
In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis? | <text>In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis?</text><reasoning>Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Ben... |
Who is responsible for the creation of the Newer Orthography? | <text>Who is responsible for the creation of the Newer Orthography?</text><reasoning>Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gott... |
In what century was the Newer Orthography created? | <text>In what century was the Newer Orthography created?</text><reasoning>Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forse... |
Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place? | <text>Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place?</text><reasoning>Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt G... |
From what other country's orthography did the Older Orthography get its basis? | <text>From what other country's orthography did the Older Orthography get its basis?</text><reasoning>Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th cent... |
What is the official language of Estonia? | <text>What is the official language of Estonia?</text><reasoning>Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.... |
How many people in Estonia speak Estonian? | <text>How many people in Estonia speak Estonian?</text><reasoning>Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family... |
How many people in different migrant communities speak Estonian? | <text>How many people in different migrant communities speak Estonian?</text><reasoning>Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the ... |
What branch of the Uralic language family does Estonian belong to? | <text>What branch of the Uralic language family does Estonian belong to?</text><reasoning>Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of th... |
What language family does Estonian belong to? | <text>What language family does Estonian belong to?</text><reasoning>Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language fam... |
What country has Estonian as its official language? | <text>What country has Estonian as its official language?</text><reasoning>Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic langua... |
In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language | <text>In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language</text><reasoning>Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of th... |
Of what language family is Estonian a part of? | <text>Of what language family is Estonian a part of?</text><reasoning>Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language fa... |
On which branch of Uralic language family can Estonian be found? | <text>On which branch of Uralic language family can Estonian be found?</text><reasoning>Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the ... |
How many estimated non native speakers of Estonian are there in Estonia? | <text>How many estimated non native speakers of Estonian are there in Estonia?</text><reasoning>Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch... |
Recylced papers can be made with what new type of pulp? | <text>Recylced papers can be made with what new type of pulp?</text><reasoning>Recycled papers can be made from 100% recycled materials or blended with virgin pulp, although they are (generally) not as strong nor as bright as papers made from the latter.</reasoning><output>virgin</output> |
What does the large number of omissions make the determinatives? | <text>What does the large number of omissions make the determinatives?</text><reasoning>The inflection of determinatives is complex, specially because of the high number of elisions, but is similar to the neighboring languages. Catalan has more contractions of preposition + article than Spanish, like dels ("of + the [... |
What is much like the neighboring languages? | <text>What is much like the neighboring languages?</text><reasoning>The inflection of determinatives is complex, specially because of the high number of elisions, but is similar to the neighboring languages. Catalan has more contractions of preposition + article than Spanish, like dels ("of + the [plural]"), but not as... |
What language does Catalan have more contractions than? | <text>What language does Catalan have more contractions than?</text><reasoning>The inflection of determinatives is complex, specially because of the high number of elisions, but is similar to the neighboring languages. Catalan has more contractions of preposition + article than Spanish, like dels ("of + the [plural]"),... |
Catalan has less contractions than what language? | <text>Catalan has less contractions than what language?</text><reasoning>The inflection of determinatives is complex, specially because of the high number of elisions, but is similar to the neighboring languages. Catalan has more contractions of preposition + article than Spanish, like dels ("of + the [plural]"), but n... |
What type of word is added to the contraction of the preposition? | <text>What type of word is added to the contraction of the preposition?</text><reasoning>The inflection of determinatives is complex, specially because of the high number of elisions, but is similar to the neighboring languages. Catalan has more contractions of preposition + article than Spanish, like dels ("of + the [... |
What two people are responsible for the first still in existence book in the Estonian Language? | <text>What two people are responsible for the first still in existence book in the Estonian Language?</text><reasoning>The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian gram... |
In what year was S. Wanradt and J. Koell's book written? | <text>In what year was S. Wanradt and J. Koell's book written?</text><reasoning>The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was prin... |
What type of book was it? | <text>What type of book was it?</text><reasoning>The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New ... |
What book specifically for the use of priests was printed in Estonian? | <text>What book specifically for the use of priests was printed in Estonian?</text><reasoning>The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by pr... |
What year was the priests' grammar book put into print? | <text>What year was the priests' grammar book put into print?</text><reasoning>The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was print... |
What is a source for the particles in paper? | <text>What is a source for the particles in paper?</text><reasoning>Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a versatile material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning,... |
What is a common use for paper? | <text>What is a common use for paper?</text><reasoning>Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a versatile material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning, and a number... |
What is the last step in paper production? | <text>What is the last step in paper production?</text><reasoning>Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a versatile material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning, a... |
Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia? | <text>Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?</text><reasoning>The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Esto... |
What dialects comprise the southern group? | <text>What dialects comprise the southern group?</text><reasoning>The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguis... |
More importantly than their language aspect how do the Seto and Võro dialects set themselves apart from each other? | <text>More importantly than their language aspect how do the Seto and Võro dialects set themselves apart from each other?</text><reasoning>The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian l... |
Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered? | <text>Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered?</text><reasoning>The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes cons... |
What religion is associated with Seto and Võro? | <text>What religion is associated with Seto and Võro?</text><reasoning>The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro disti... |
What other language has a telicity contrast? | <text>What other language has a telicity contrast?</text><reasoning>The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case op... |
Aside from the accusative, where can the direct object of the verb be found? | <text>Aside from the accusative, where can the direct object of the verb be found?</text><reasoning>The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. ... |
What is the accusative used for? | <text>What is the accusative used for?</text><reasoning>The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of ... |
Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages? | <text>Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages?</text><reasoning>Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly... |
What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary? | <text>What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary?</text><reasoning>Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language ... |
When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language? | <text>When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language?</text><reasoning>Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one th... |
From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary? | <text>From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary?</text><reasoning>Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one thir... |
Standard German is part of what Germanic language? | <text>Standard German is part of what Germanic language?</text><reasoning>Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary ... |
What dialect is also known as the central dialect? | <text>What dialect is also known as the central dialect?</text><reasoning>The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa a... |
What is the dialect from Lake Peipsi? | <text>What is the dialect from Lake Peipsi?</text><reasoning>The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa an... |
What dialects of the northern group are spoken on the saarte murre? | <text>What dialects of the northern group are spoken on the saarte murre?</text><reasoning>The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dial... |
What is another name for Estonian's northern group's western dialect? | <text>What is another name for Estonian's northern group's western dialect?</text><reasoning>The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') di... |
When was the Treaty of the Pyrenees? | <text>When was the Treaty of the Pyrenees?</text><reasoning>With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region.</reasoning><output>... |
What part of Catalonia did Spain give to France? | <text>What part of Catalonia did Spain give to France?</text><reasoning>With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region.</reason... |
Why did Spain give part of Catalonia to France? | <text>Why did Spain give part of Catalonia to France?</text><reasoning>With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region.</reasoni... |
What language began to influence Catalan? | <text>What language began to influence Catalan?</text><reasoning>With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region.</reasoning><ou... |
When did French become the official language of that part of Catalonia? | <text>When did French become the official language of that part of Catalonia?</text><reasoning>With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language... |
From what system is a distinctive future tense lacking? | <text>From what system is a distinctive future tense lacking?</text><reasoning>The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal").</reasoning><output>verbal system</output> |
What is used in place of the future tense? | <text>What is used in place of the future tense?</text><reasoning>The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal").</reasoning><output>present tense</output> |
What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an undecided subject? | <text>What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an undecided subject?</text><reasoning>The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal").</reasoning><output>special forms</o... |
What two letters can be replaced with each other a lot of the time in Estonian? | <text>What two letters can be replaced with each other a lot of the time in Estonian?</text><reasoning>Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'.</rea... |
What happens in many cases when a word starts with an 's'? | <text>What happens in many cases when a word starts with an 's'?</text><reasoning>Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'.</reasoning><output>The in... |
In an example of replacing 'b' with 'p' how is 'baggage' pronounced? | <text>In an example of replacing 'b' with 'p' how is 'baggage' pronounced?</text><reasoning>Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'.</reasoning><out... |
What has produced a great deal of controversy? | <text>What has produced a great deal of controversy?</text><reasoning>This clash of opinions has sparked much controversy. For example, during the drafting of the European Constitution in 2004, the Spanish government supplied the EU with translations of the text into Basque, Galician, Catalan, and Valencian, but the la... |
When did the EU create the European Constitution? | <text>When did the EU create the European Constitution?</text><reasoning>This clash of opinions has sparked much controversy. For example, during the drafting of the European Constitution in 2004, the Spanish government supplied the EU with translations of the text into Basque, Galician, Catalan, and Valencian, but the... |
Who gave the EU translations of the European Constitution? | <text>Who gave the EU translations of the European Constitution?</text><reasoning>This clash of opinions has sparked much controversy. For example, during the drafting of the European Constitution in 2004, the Spanish government supplied the EU with translations of the text into Basque, Galician, Catalan, and Valencian... |
Who was the journalist who was also a language planner? | <text>Who was the journalist who was also a language planner?</text><reasoning>Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing.</reasoning><output>Ado Grenzstein</output> |
In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Estonia? | <text>In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Estonia?</text><reasoning>Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing.</reasoning><output>1870s–90s</output> |
What is another term for making up words from nothing? | <text>What is another term for making up words from nothing?</text><reasoning>Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing.</reasoning><output>formation ex nihilo</output> |
Who in the course of their language planning attempted to use the formation ex nihilo technique? | <text>Who in the course of their language planning attempted to use the formation ex nihilo technique?</text><reasoning>Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing.</reasonin... |
How is the water removed by force from a sheet of paper? | <text>How is the water removed by force from a sheet of paper?</text><reasoning>Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter... |
What is used to collect the water expelled from pressing? | <text>What is used to collect the water expelled from pressing?</text><reasoning>Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotte... |
What is used to collect water when hand-making paper? | <text>What is used to collect water when hand-making paper?</text><reasoning>Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sh... |
Besides a blotter sheet, what can be used to collect water? | <text>Besides a blotter sheet, what can be used to collect water?</text><reasoning>Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blot... |
Commercial paper is commonly defined by what? | <text>Commercial paper is commonly defined by what?</text><reasoning>Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper.</reasoning><output>length and width</output> |
Most commercial paper in North America is cut in what manner? | <text>Most commercial paper in North America is cut in what manner?</text><reasoning>Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper.</reasoning><output>standard paper sizes</output> |
Standard paper sizes are usually described with what terms? | <text>Standard paper sizes are usually described with what terms?</text><reasoning>Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper.</reasoning><output>length and width</output> |
What contraption is used to carry the paper to the web printing presses? | <text>What contraption is used to carry the paper to the web printing presses?</text><reasoning>The paper is then fed onto reels if it is to be used on web printing presses, or cut into sheets for other printing processes or other purposes. The fibres in the paper basically run in the machine direction. Sheets are usua... |
In what manner are sheets normally cut? | <text>In what manner are sheets normally cut?</text><reasoning>The paper is then fed onto reels if it is to be used on web printing presses, or cut into sheets for other printing processes or other purposes. The fibres in the paper basically run in the machine direction. Sheets are usually cut "long-grain", i.e. with t... |
If the paper is not to be used in the web printing process, what is done? | <text>If the paper is not to be used in the web printing process, what is done?</text><reasoning>The paper is then fed onto reels if it is to be used on web printing presses, or cut into sheets for other printing processes or other purposes. The fibres in the paper basically run in the machine direction. Sheets are usu... |
What principles usually govern the Estonian orthography? | <text>What principles usually govern the Estonian orthography?</text><reasoning>Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in dec... |
What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle? | <text>What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle?</text><reasoning>Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for exampl... |
On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh? | <text>On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh?</text><reasoning>Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in decle... |
What is an example of a word containing a voiceless glottal fricative? | <text>What is an example of a word containing a voiceless glottal fricative?</text><reasoning>Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the m... |
What is the typological form of Estonian? | <text>What is the typological form of Estonian?</text><reasoning>Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).</reasoning><output>transitional</output> |
What is Estonian typologically transitioning from? | <text>What is Estonian typologically transitioning from?</text><reasoning>Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).</reasoning><output>an agglutinating language</output> |
What sort of form is Estonian transitioning into? | <text>What sort of form is Estonian transitioning into?</text><reasoning>Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).</reasoning><output>a fusional language</output> |
How are words ordered in Estonian canonically? | <text>How are words ordered in Estonian canonically?</text><reasoning>Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).</reasoning><output>subject–verb–object</output> |
In Soviet international publications what language's transliteration are Estonian words and names often back-transliterations from? | <text>In Soviet international publications what language's transliteration are Estonian words and names often back-transliterations from?</text><reasoning>It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliter... |
What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian? | <text>What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian?</text><reasoning>It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyar... |
What is the Russian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica? | <text>What is the Russian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica?</text><reasoning>It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu inst... |
When was the pulp papermaking process developed? | <text>When was the pulp papermaking process developed?</text><reasoning>The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D., by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2... |
What country was the process developed in? | <text>What country was the process developed in?</text><reasoning>The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D., by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd cen... |
What country is leading in production of paper? | <text>What country is leading in production of paper?</text><reasoning>The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D., by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2n... |
What country is the second largest produced of paper? | <text>What country is the second largest produced of paper?</text><reasoning>The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D., by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from ... |
Which court eunuch was associated with the papermaking process? | <text>Which court eunuch was associated with the papermaking process?</text><reasoning>The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D., by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper de... |
What type of clay improves the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking? | <text>What type of clay improves the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking?</text><reasoning>Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web... |
What is added for sizing purposes? | <text>What is added for sizing purposes?</text><reasoning>Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpo... |
What besides china clay is used as a filler? | <text>What besides china clay is used as a filler?</text><reasoning>Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process;... |
Who is credited with the papermaking process? | <text>Who is credited with the papermaking process?</text><reasoning>The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper as an effective substitute fo... |
What material did paper replace upon its invention? | <text>What material did paper replace upon its invention?</text><reasoning>The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper as an effective substit... |
Which Age did the invention of the papermaking process contribute towards? | <text>Which Age did the invention of the papermaking process contribute towards?</text><reasoning>The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper ... |
What century is the first papermaking process attributed to? | <text>What century is the first papermaking process attributed to?</text><reasoning>The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper as an effectiv... |
What year did Estonia's War of Independence take place? | <text>What year did Estonia's War of Independence take place?</text><reasoning>After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.</reasoning><output>1919</ou... |
After Estonia achieved independence what was made their state language? | <text>After Estonia achieved independence what was made their state language?</text><reasoning>After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.</reasoning>... |
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