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Several qualitative tests are used to detect the presence of reducing sugars. Two of them use solutions of copper(II) ions: Benedicts reagent (Cu in aqueous sodium citrate) and Fehlings solution (Cu in aqueous sodium tartrate). The reducing sugar reduces the copper(II) ions in these test solutions to copper(I), which t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The School is also home to a number of Emeritus Professors, pursuing their research interests after their formal retirement including:
* John Joule, Emeritus Professor
* William Byers Brown, Emeritus Professor and first Professor of Computational Chemistry in the department | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The model and its variants have a number of simplifying assumptions. Three of them are listing below.
#The organisms are modeled as gene regulatory networks. The models assume that gene expression is regulated exclusively at the transcriptional level;
#The product of a gene can regulate the expression of (be a regula... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hyper Rayleigh scattering optical activity (HRS OA) is arguably the most fundamental nonlinear chiral optical (chiroptical) effect; since other nonlinear chiroptical effects have additional requirements, which make them conceptually more involved, i.e. less fundamental. HRS OA is a scattering effect and therefore it do... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radiometric assays measure the incorporation of radioactivity into substrates or its release from substrates. The radioactive isotopes most frequently used in these assays are C, P, S and I. Since radioactive isotopes can allow the specific labelling of a single atom of a substrate, these assays are both extremely sens... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A monochromatic light source, usually a laser, is shot through a polarizer and into a sample. The scattered light then goes through a second polarizer where it is collected by a photomultiplier and the resulting image is projected onto a screen. This is known as a speckle pattern (Figure 1).
All of the molecules in the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hemiaminal ethers have the following structure: R‴-C(NR')(OR")-R⁗. The glycosylamines are examples of cyclic hemiaminal ethers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pyroelectric coefficient may be described as the change in the spontaneous polarization vector with temperature:
where p (CmK) is the vector for the pyroelectric coefficient. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of gene therapy is to fix a genetic problem at its source. If, for instance, a mutation in a certain gene causes the production of a dysfunctional protein resulting (usually recessively) in an inherited disease, gene therapy could be used to deliver a copy of this gene that does not contain the deleterious ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nucleogenesis (also known as nucleosynthesis) as a general phenomenon is a process usually associated with production of nuclides in the Big Bang or in stars, by nuclear reactions there. Some of these neutron reactions (such as the r-process and s-process) involve absorption by atomic nuclei of high-temperature (high e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main benefit of electrodialysis is the high recovery, especially in the water recovery. Another advantage is the fact that not high pressure is applied which implies that the effect fouling is not significant and consequently no chemicals are required to fight against them. Moreover, the fouling layer is not compac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A more recent technique has been developed called high-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE). This technique uses electrodes to apply bipolar bursts of electricity at a high frequency, as opposed to unipolar bursts of electricity at a low frequency. This type of procedure has the same tumor ablation success a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfur has four stable isotopes, S, S, S, and S, of which S is the most abundant by a large margin due to the fact it is created by the very common C in supernovas. Sulfur isotope ratios are almost always expressed as ratios relative to S due to this major relative abundance (95.0%). Sulfur isotope fractionations are u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, complex metal hydrides have the formula MMH, where M is an alkali metal cation or cation complex and M is a metal or metalloid. Well known examples feature group 13 elements, especially boron and aluminium including sodium aluminium hydride, NaAlH ), lithium aluminium hydride, LiAlH, and lithium borohydrid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When World War II ended with the use of atomic weapons which had been developed in secret by the Manhattan Project, Hecht was concerned that the American public was uninformed about the development of this new source of energy. He wrote a book Explaining the Atom (1947), to educate the public. He wrote,
:So long as one... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In bacteria, termination of RNA transcription can be rho-dependent or rho-independent. The former relies on the rho factor, which destabilizes the DNA-RNA heteroduplex and causes RNA release. The latter, also known as intrinsic termination, relies on a palindromic region of DNA. Transcribing the region causes the forma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Beyond its immediate industrial applications, ledeburite holds a central position in metallurgical studies. The exploration of this unique microconstituent contributes to a deeper understanding of phase transformations, solidification processes, and the principles governing alloy behavior. Researchers and metallurgists... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Grit consists of sand, gravel, rocks, and other heavy materials. Preliminary treatment may include a sand or grit removal channel or chamber, where the velocity of the incoming sewage is reduced to allow the settlement of grit. Grit removal is necessary to (1) reduce formation of deposits in primary sedimentation tanks... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Forskolin is commonly used as a tool in biochemistry to raise levels of cAMP in the study and research of cell physiology. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A carbometallation is any reaction where a carbon-metal bond reacts with a carbon-carbon π-bond to produce a new carbon-carbon σ-bond and a carbon-metal σ-bond. The resulting carbon-metal bond can undergo further carbometallation reactions (oligomerization or polymerization see Ziegler-Natta polymerization) or it can b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several pathways exist for the halogenation of organic compounds, including free radical halogenation, ketone halogenation, electrophilic halogenation, and halogen addition reaction. The nature of the substrate determines the pathway. The facility of halogenation is influenced by the halogen. Fluorine and chlorine are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As widely accepted as this statement might be, it should not be considered synonymous with a lack of metal objects, as it points out native copper was relatively abundant, particularly in the Great Lakes region. The latest glacial period had resulted in the scouring of copper bearing rocks. Once the ice retreated, thes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recent studies have shown that decreased TFIIB levels do not affect transcription levels within cells, this is thought to be partially because over 90% of mammalian promoters do not contain a BRE or TATA box. However, it has been shown that TFIIB is vital to the in vitro transcription and regulation of the herpes simpl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mine reclamation may involve soil amendment, replacement, or creation, particularly for areas that have been strip mined or suffered severe erosion or soil compaction. In some cases, the native soil may be removed before construction and replaced with fill for the duration of the work. After construction is completed, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Particle deposition occurs in numerous natural and industrial systems. Few examples are given below.
* Coatings and surface functionalization. Paints and adhesives often are concentrated suspensions of colloidal particles, and in order to adhere well to the surface the particles must deposit to the surface in question.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Given the ability of southwestern blotting towards studying the affinity of proteins towards binding to DNA, this information can further be used with regards to uncovering specific protein factors that bind to DNA as well. These protein factors may be involved in controlling gene expression.
* Unlike electrophoretic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zinc metal is inserted into the carbon-halogen bond of the α-haloester by oxidative addition 1. This compound dimerizes and rearranges to form two zinc enolates 2. The oxygen on an aldehyde or ketone coordinates to the zinc to form the six-member chair like transition state 3. A rearrangement occurs in which zinc swit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Geopolymerization chemistry requires appropriate terminologies and notions that are evidently different from those in use by Portland cement experts.
Indeed, geopolymer cement is sometimes mixed up with alkali-activated cement and concrete, developed more than 50 years ago by V.D. Glukhovsky in Ukraine, during the per... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In aquatic environments (rivers, lakes and ocean), dissolved Si is utilized by diatoms, dictyochales, radiolarians and sponges to produce solid bSiO structures. The biomineralized silica has an amorphous structure and therefore its properties may vary among the different organisms. Biomineralization by diatoms induces ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Hall-Héroult electrolysis process is the major production route for primary aluminium. An electrolytic cell is made of a steel shell with a series of insulating linings of refractory materials. The cell consists of a brick-lined outer steel shell as a container and support. Inside the shell, cathode blocks are ceme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1980, Joan J. Taylor published the first comprehensive study of the available evidence, entitled Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles. In 1994, the archaeologist George Eogan published an academic monograph on the subject, entitled The Accomplished Art: Gold and Gold-Working in Britain and Ireland during the Bro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Colloidal phase separation is an important organising principle for compartmentalisation of both the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells into biomolecular condensates—similar in importance to compartmentalisation via lipid bilayer membranes, a type of liquid crystal. The term biomolecular condensate has been used to refer t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Commercially, homoserine can serve as precursor to the synthesis of isobutanol and 1,4-butanediol. Purified homoserine is used in enzyme structural studies. Also, homoserine has played important roles in studies to elucidate peptide synthesis and synthesis of proteoglycan glycopeptides. Bacterial cell lines can make... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A technetium-99m generator, or colloquially a technetium cow or moly cow, is a device used to extract the metastable isotope Tc of technetium from a decaying sample of molybdenum-99. Mo has a half-life of 66 hours and can be easily transported over long distances to hospitals where its decay product technetium-99m (wit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cryochemistry is the study of chemical interactions at temperatures below . It is derived from the Greek word cryos, meaning cold. It overlaps with many other sciences, including chemistry, cryobiology, condensed matter physics, and even astrochemistry.
Cryochemistry has been a topic of interest since liquid nitrogen, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the United Kingdom, the Food Standards Agency has published criteria for the use of several terms in food labeling. The guidance, in general, restricts the use of natural foods that have "ingredients produced by nature, not the work of man or interfered with by man." Natural flavorings are explicitly defined by sepa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Marine energy or marine power (also sometimes referred to as ocean energy or ocean power) refers to the energy carried by ocean waves, tides, salinity, and ocean temperature differences. The movement of water in the world's oceans creates a vast store of kinetic energy, or energy in motion. This energy can be harnessed... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Blood feeding organisms digest hemoglobin and release high quantities of free toxic heme. To avoid destruction by this molecule, the parasite biocrystallizes heme to form hemozoin. To date, the only definitively characterized product of hematin disposal is the pigment hemozoin. Hemozoin is per definitionem not a min... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As a form of energy, heat has the unit joule (J) in the International System of Units (SI). In addition, many applied branches of engineering use other, traditional units, such as the British thermal unit (BTU) and the calorie. The standard unit for the rate of heating is the watt (W), defined as one joule per second.
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
T. Ohta suggested that the concept of energy quality may be more intuitive if one considers examples where the form of energy remains constant but the amount of energy flowing, or transferred is varied. For instance if we consider only the inertial form of energy, then the energy quality of a moving body is higher whe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), also known as methyl mesylate, is an alkylating agent and a carcinogen. It is also a suspected reproductive toxicant, and may also be a skin/sense organ toxicant. It is used in cancer treatment. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mach number is a function of temperature and true airspeed.
Aircraft flight instruments, however, operate using pressure differential to compute Mach number, not temperature.
Assuming air to be an ideal gas, the formula to compute Mach number in a subsonic compressible flow is found from Bernoulli's equation for (abov... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stirred tank, also called agitation leaching, involves contacting material, which has usually undergone size reduction and classification, with leach solution in agitated tanks. The agitation can enhance reaction kinetics by enhancing mass transfer. Tanks are often configured as reactors in series. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microwave spectroscopy is the spectroscopy method that employs microwaves, i.e. electromagnetic radiation at GHz frequencies, for the study of matter. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The physical and mathematical basics of electron charge transfer absent chemical bonds leading to pseudocapacitance was developed by Rudolph A. Marcus. Marcus Theory explains the rates of electron transfer reactions—the rate at which an electron can move from one chemical species to another. It was originally formulate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Faraday-efficiency effect refers to the potential for misinterpretation of data from experiments in electrochemistry through failure to take into account a Faraday efficiency of less than 100 percent. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a doctoral student at the University of Chicago, Herbert Brown studied the reactions of diborane, BH. Hermann Irving Schlesinger's laboratory at the University of Chicago was one of two laboratories that prepared diborane. It was a rare compound that was only prepared in small quantities. Schlesinger was researching... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Food fermentation is the conversion of sugars and other carbohydrates into alcohol or preservative organic acids and carbon dioxide. All three products have found human uses. The production of alcohol is made use of when fruit juices are converted to wine, when grains are made into beer, and when foods rich in starch, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ashing is a test to deduce the amount of ash forming material present in a petroleum product so as to decide its use in certain applications. Ash-forming materials are considered to be undesirable impurities or contaminants.
In the ash analysis of petroleum products, ash content represents the incombustible component r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermal rearrangements of aromatic hydrocarbons have been shown to be important in areas of chemical research and industry including fullerene synthesis, materials applications, and the formation of soot in combustion. Thermal rearrangements of aceanthrylene and acephenanthrylene can yield fluoranthene, an important sp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Heating white cast iron (containing iron carbide, i.e. cementite, but no uncombined carbon) above causes the formation of austenite in crystals of primary cementite. This austenisation of white iron occurs in primary cementite at the interphase boundary with ferrite. When the grains of austenite form in cementite, the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microsegregation is a non-uniform chemical separation and concentration of elements or impurities in alloys after they have solidified. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A boundary can be described by the orientation of the boundary to the two grains and the 3-D rotation required to bring the grains into coincidence. Thus a boundary has 5 macroscopic degrees of freedom. However, it is common to describe a boundary only as the orientation relationship of the neighbouring grains. General... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During the early Eocene, the continental configuration was such that the Arctic sea was almost entirely cut off from the wider oceans. This meant that mixing — provided today by deep water currents such as the Gulf Stream — did not occur, leading to a stratified water column resembling today's Black Sea.
High temperat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This transition is associated with the transition of a polymer chain from good solvent behavior through ideal or theta solvent behavior to poor solvent behavior. The canonical coil–globule transition is associated with the Upper critical solution temperature and the associated Flory theta point. In this case, collaps... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Barium azide can be used to make azides of magnesium, sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium and zinc with their respective sulfates.
It can also be used as a source for high purity nitrogen by heating:
This reaction liberates metallic barium, which is used as a getter in vacuum applications. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lyngbyastatins 1 and 3 are encoded for by a 52 kb biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) containing one polyketide synthase (PKS)/non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) hybrid (LbnA), four NRPSs (LbnB-D, LbnF), and one PKS (LbnE).
Biosynthesis commences with PKS activity — thiolation of propanoic (Lyngbyastatin 1) or butyri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Magnetic nanochains are a class of new magnetoresponsive and superparamagnetic nanostructures with highly anisotropic shapes (chain-like) which can be manipulated using magnetic field and magnetic field gradient. The magnetic nanochains possess attractive properties which are significant added value for many potential ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Virtually all ligands are known to bridge, with the exception of amines and ammonia. Common bridging ligands include most of the common anions.
Many simple organic ligands form strong bridges between metal centers. Many common examples include organic derivatives of the above inorganic ligands (R = alkyl, aryl): , , ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Goldmans equation seeks to determine the voltage E across a membrane. A Cartesian coordinate system is used to describe the system, with the z direction being perpendicular to the membrane. Assuming that the system is symmetrical in the x and y directions (around and along the axon, respectively), only the z directio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While small generators may be cooled by air drawn through filters at the inlet, larger units generally require special cooling arrangements. Hydrogen gas cooling, in an oil-sealed casing, is used because it has the highest known heat transfer coefficient of any gas and for its low viscosity which reduces windage losses... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sonication is an efficient tool for the synthesis of polymers. The cavitational shear forces, which stretch out and break the chain in a non-random process, result in a lowering of the molecular weight and poly-dispersity. Furthermore, multi-phase systems are very efficient dispersed and emulsified, so that very fine m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the full electronic structure of an arene can only be computed using quantum mechanics, the directing effects of different substituents can often be guessed through analysis of resonance diagrams. Specifically, any formal negative or positive charges in minor resonance contributors (ones in accord with the na... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In materials science the flow stress, typically denoted as Y (or ), is defined as the instantaneous value of stress required to continue plastically deforming a material - to keep it flowing. It is most commonly, though not exclusively, used in reference to metals. On a stress-strain curve, the flow stress can be found... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Rosa Solis or Rosolio, probably originating in Renaissance Turin was derived from the carnivorous sundew plant. It was believed to not only invigorate the heart, but to be an aphrodisiac as well; according to the 17th century medical writer William Salmon, sundew "stirs up lust".
* Royal Usquebaugh was a spicy conco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The washability analysis is widely known in bulk material analysis, where the specific density is the physical property describing the liberation and the separation results, which is then in the form of the partition curve. The partition curve is defined as the curve which gives as a function of a physical property or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For decades, the main cellular target for radiation induced damage was thought to be the DNA molecule. This view has been challenged by data indicating that in order to increase survival, the cells must protect their proteins, which in turn repair the damage in the DNA. An important part of protection of proteins (but ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another beneficial cell modification is the adjustment of substrate and growth requirements of a cell. By changing cell needs, the raw material cost, equipment expenses, and skill required to grow and maintain cell cultures can be significantly reduced. For example, scientists have used foreign enzymes to engineer a co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The effective diffusion coefficient describes diffusion through the pore space of porous media. It is macroscopic in nature, because it is not individual pores but the entire pore space that needs to be considered. The effective diffusion coefficient for transport through the pores, D, is estimated as follows:
where
*D... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Guide to PHARMACOLOGY includes links to other relevant resources via target and ligand pages on both the concise and detailed view pages. Many of these resources maintain reciprocal links with the relevant Guide to PHARMACOLOGY pages.
*HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee
*Mouse Genome Informatics
*Rat genome database
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
All measurements are reported with their standard uncertainty. Measurements of particular combinations of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes are unnecessary because water molecules constantly exchange atoms with each other. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The biological pump transports 1–4 g C m y of POC below the thermocline annually. The export flux of POC in the temperate North Atlantic out of the surface waters was found to be 29 ± 10 g C m y. However, studies have shown that processes such as consumption and remineralization contribute to a significant amount of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Medium-carbon steel has approximately 0.3–0.5% carbon content. It balances ductility and strength and has good wear resistance. It is used for large parts, forging and automotive components. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ocean acidification threatens coral reproduction throughout almost all aspects of the process. Gametogenesis may be indirectly affected by coral bleaching. Additionally, the stress that acidification puts on coral can potentially harm the viability of the sperm released. Larvae can also be affected by this process; met... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Barium iodate can be derived either as a product of a reaction of iodine and barium hydroxide or by combining barium chlorate with potassium iodate. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Bark, L. S. and Bark, S. M.; (1969). Thermometric titrimetry. International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry Vol 33 Pergamon Press (Oxford) Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 68-57883
*Barthel, J.; (1975) Thermometric titrations. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 75-17503... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flow cytometry is most frequently used to detect apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Analysis of DNA content by flow cytometry can identify apoptotic cells with fragmented DNA as the cells with fractional DNA content, often called the sub-G cells. The flow-cytometric assay utilizing the fluorochrome acridine orange shows that... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The critical structural element of all glycoproteins is having oligosaccharides bonded covalently to a protein. There are 10 common monosaccharides in mammalian glycans including: glucose (Glc), fucose (Fuc), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), galactose (Gal), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), glucuronic acid (GlcA), iduronic ac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Search capacities of crystallographic databases differ widely. Basic functionality comprises search by keywords, physical properties, and chemical elements. Of particular importance is search by compound name and lattice parameters. Very useful are search options that allow the use of wildcard characters and logical co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the United States, Brownfield regulation and development is largely governed by state environmental agencies in cooperation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1995, the EPA launched the Brownfields Program, which was expanded in 2002 with the Brownfields Law.
The EPA, together with local and nationa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The temperature-based phase behavior of ELPs can be utilized to produce stiff networks that may be compatible with cellular regeneration applications. At high concentrations (weight percent exceeding 15%), the ELP transition from a linear state to a spherical aggregate state above the transition temperature is arreste... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is a genetic variant, registered in the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database (dbSNP) as rs11558538, found in 10% of the population worldwide, which means that the T allele presents at position 314 of HNMT instead of a usual C allele (c.314C>T). This variant causes the protein to be synthesized with threonine (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Meta-analyses of intervention and observational trials for various types of cancer report mixed results. Supplementation with β-carotene did not appear to decrease the risk of cancer overall, nor specific cancers including: pancreatic, colorectal, prostate, breast, melanoma, or skin cancer generally. High-dose β-carote... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbonyl hydrido tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) [Carbonyl(hydrido)tris(triphenylphosphane)rhodium(I)] is an organorhodium compound with the formula [RhH(CO)(PPh)] (Ph = CH). It is a yellow, benzene-soluble solid, which is used industrially for hydroformylation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lanthanum oxide is a white solid that is insoluble in water, but dissolves in acidic solutions. absorbs moisture from air, converts to lanthanum hydroxide.
Lanthanum oxide has p-type semiconducting properties and a band gap of approximately 5.8 eV. Its average room temperature resistivity is 10 kΩ·cm, which decreases ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Particular chemoreceptors, called ASICs, detect the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. To do this, they monitor the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood, which decrease the pH of the blood. This can be a direct consequence of an increase in carbon dioxide concentration, because aqueous carbon dioxide in the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The starting materials for the Kröhnke synthesis are often trivial to prepare, lending to the convenience and broad scope of the method. Preparation of the α-pyridinium methyl ketone salts can be easily achieved by treatment of the corresponding bromomethyl ketone with pyridine. The α,β-unsaturated ketones are often av... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the early history of the Solar System, radioactive isotopes having a half-life on the order of a few million years (such as aluminium-26 and iron-60) were sufficiently abundant to produce enough heat to cause internal melting of some moons and even some asteroids, such as Vesta noted above. After these radioactive ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pipe incorporating a flexible metallic layer as the middle of three bonded layers. Barrier pipe is used, for example, to provide additional protection for the contents passing through the pipe (particularly drinking water) from aggressive chemicals or other pollution when laid in ground contaminated by previous use.
Mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
John Joseph Jolly Kyle FRSA (2 February 1838 – 23 February 1922) was a pioneering Argentine chemist. Born and educated in Scotland, he emigrated to Argentina in 1862, and on the outbreak of the Paraguayan War served as a pharmacist in the Argentine Army medical corps. He became an Argentine citizen in 1873. At the t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Traditionally, chemical sensing has been approached with a system that contains a covalently bound indicator to a receptor though a linker. Once the analyte binds, the indicator changes color or fluoresces. This technique is called the indicator-spacer-receptor approach (ISR). In contrast to ISR, indicator-displacement... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Intrinsic termination is cued by signals directly encoded in the DNA and RNA. Signal appears in as a hairpin and is followed by 8 Uridines at the 3' end. This leads to a rapid dissociation of the elongation complex . Hairpin inactivates and destabilizes the TEC by weakening interactions in the RNA-DNA binding site and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* ?? – Jan Baptist van Helmont performed his famous tree plant experiment in which he shows that the substance of a plant derives from water, a forerunner of the discovery of photosynthesis.
* 1628 – William Harvey published An Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals
* 1651 – William Harvey ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to better understand the cause of the spray inefficiency, it is useful to reflect on the implications of the large range of droplet sizes produced by typical (hydraulic) spray nozzles. This has long been recognized to be one of the most important concepts in spray application (e.g. Himel, 1969), bringing about... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the case of female patients who want to be treated with HCG Pubergen, Pregnyl:
a) Since infertile female patients who undergo medically assisted reproduction (especially those who need in vitro fertilization), are known to often be suffering from tubal abnormalities, after a treatment with this drug they might exper... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microemulsions are clear, thermodynamically stable isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant. The aqueous phase may contain salt(s) and/or other ingredients, and the "oil" may actually be a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons. In contrast to ordinary emu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
# Leave out the Bravais type
# Convert all symmetry elements with translational components into their respective symmetry elements without translation symmetry (Glide planes are converted into simple mirror planes; Screw axes are converted into simple axes of rotation)
# Axes of rotation, rotoinversion axes and mirror ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For higher grade applications such as ferrous metals, coal and industrial minerals, sensor-based ore sorting can be applied to create a final product. Pre-condition is, that the liberation allows for the creation of a sellable product. Undersize material is usually bypassed as product, but can also be diverted to the w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nuclear magnetic resonance observes small differences in molecular reactions to oscillating magnetic fields. It is able to characterize atoms with active nuclides that have a non-zero nuclear spin (e.g., C, H, O Cl, N, Cl), which makes it particularly useful for identifying certain isotopes. In typical proton or 13C NM... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are invoked in many catalytic processes in homogeneous catalysis, e.g., hydrogenations, hydroformylations, hydrosilylations, etc. Cross-coupling reactions like the Suzuki coupling, Negishi coupling, and the Sonogashira coupling also proceed by oxidative addition. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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