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All luciferases are classified as oxidoreductases (), meaning they act on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen. Because luciferases are from many diverse protein families that are unrelated, there is no unifying mechanism, as any mechanism depends on the luciferase and luciferin combination. However, al... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The amino radical has two characteristic electronic states:
The more stable electronic state is B, where the unpaired electron is in the p-orbital perpendicular to the plane of the molecule (π type radical). The high energy electronic state, A, has the two electrons in the p-orbital and the unpaired electron in the sp ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An aminopolycarboxylic acid (sometimes abbreviated APCA) is a chemical compound containing one or more nitrogen atoms connected through carbon atoms to two or more carboxyl groups. Aminopolycarboxylates that have lost acidic protons form strong complexes with metal ions. This property makes aminopolycarboxylic acids us... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Square antiprisms can be capped on both square faces, giving bicapped square antiprismatic molecular geometry. The bicapped square antiprismatic atoms surrounding a central atom define the vertices of a gyroelongated square bipyramid. The symmetry group of this object is D.
Examples:
*BH, defined by the B framework
*[A... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Perilipin-null mice eat more food than wild-type mice, but gain 1/3 less fat than wild-type mice on the same diet; perilipin-null mice are thinner, with more lean muscle mass. Perilipin-null mice also exhibit enhanced leptin production and a greater tendency to develop insulin resistance than wild-type mice. Even thoug... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CA 242 is a tumor marker for sialylated Lewis carbohydrates associated with adenocarcinomas and e-selectin-mediated metastatic risk. It is commonly tested along with CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 for detecting pancreatic cancer. The specificity of CA 242 is higher than similar markers. Current research dictates that diagnosti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Membrane ruffling is a characteristic feature of many actively migrating cells. When the membrane is unable to attach to the substrate, the membrane protrusion is recycled back into the cell. The ruffling of membranes is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cd... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Honorary Member, Chinese Chemical Society (1962)
*Foreign Member, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1972)
*Honorary Member, Japan Pharmaceutical Association) (1973)
*Honorary Member, Chemical Society of Japan (1977)
*Honorary Member, Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry (1977)
*Honorary Memb... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Near the extinction of the diffusion flame, is order unity. The equation has no solution for , where is the extinction Damköhler number. For with , the equation possess two solutions, of which one is an unstable solution. Unique solution exist if and . The solution is unique for , where is the ignition Damköhler n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mechanism of action of armodafinil is unknown. Armodafinil (R-(−)-modafinil) has pharmacological properties almost identical to those of modafinil (a mixture of R-(−)- and (S)-(+)-modafinil). The (R)- and (S)-enantiomers have similar pharmacological action in animals. Armodafinil has wake-promoting actions similar ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phycochromes are a subclass of phycobiliprotein that was initially recognised only as light sensory pigments in cyanobacteria. They are now deemed to constitute of all possible photoreversibly photochromic pigments, regardless of function. They are also found in red algae. In a series of journal articles written by G.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are several quality control techniques used to ensure the quality of extracted DNA, including:
* Spectrophotometry: This is a widely used method for measuring the concentration and purity of a DNA sample. Spectrophotometry measures the absorbance of a sample at different wavelengths, typically at 260 nm and 280 n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Edith Ellen Humphrey (11 September 1875 – 25 February 1978) was a British inorganic chemist who carried out pioneering work in co-ordination chemistry at the University of Zurich under Alfred Werner. She is thought to be the first British woman to obtain a doctorate in chemistry and the first chemist to synthesize a ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Organic matter soil amendments have been known by farmers to be beneficial to plant growth for longer than recorded history. However, the chemistry and function of the organic matter have been a subject of controversy since humans began postulating about it in the 18th century. Until the time of Liebig, it was supposed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ortho lithiation followed by methylation with methyl iodide is a convenient method for the synthesis of starting materials for lateral lithiations. Elaboration of the benzylic carbon through lateral lithiation and treatment with an electrophile provides a powerful synthetic alternative to direct electrophilic aromatic ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many general purpose vectors such as pUC19 usually include a system for detecting the presence of a cloned DNA fragment, based on the loss of an easily scored phenotype. The most widely used is the gene coding for E. coli β-galactosidase, whose activity can easily be detected by the ability of the enzyme it encodes to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The main disadvantage of glass ionomer sealants or cements has been inadequate retention or simply lack of strength, toughness, and
limited wear resistance. For instance, due to its poor retention rate, periodic recalls are necessary, even after 6 months, to eventually replace the lost sealant. Different methods have b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Europe has very few sources of tin. Therefore, throughout ancient times it was imported long distances from the known tin mining districts of antiquity. These were the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge) along the modern border between Germany and the Czech Republic, the Iberian Peninsula, Brittany in modern France, and Cornwal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coactivators are promising targets for drug therapies in the treatment of cancer, metabolic disorder, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, along with many other disorders. For example, the steroid receptor coactivator (SCR) NCOA3 is often overexpressed in breast cancer, so the development of an inhibitor molecul... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SELDI process is a combination of surface-enhanced neat desorption (SEND),surface-enhanced affinity-capture (SEAC), and surface-enhanced photolabile attachment and release (SEPAR) mass spectrometry. With SEND, analytes can be desorbed and ionized without adding a matrix; the matrix is incorporated into the sample s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Johan Gadolin was born in Åbo (Finnish name Turku), Finland (then a part of Sweden). Johan was the son of Jakob Gadolin, professor of physics and theology at Åbo. Johan began to study mathematics at the Royal Academy of Turku (Åbo Kungliga Akademi) when he was fifteen. Later he changed his major to chemistry, studying... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The overall reaction is
: 4 Fe – cytochrome c + 4 H + O → 4 Fe – cytochrome c + 2 HO ΔG = - 218 kJ/mol, E = +565 mV
Two electrons are passed from two cytochrome cs, through the Cu and cytochrome a sites to the cytochrome a–Cu binuclear center, reducing the metals to the Fe form and Cu. The hydroxide lig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, electronegativity increases on passing from left to right along a period and decreases on descending a group. Hence, fluorine is the most electronegative of the elements (not counting noble gases), whereas caesium is the least electronegative, at least of those elements for which substantial data is availab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sources:
The choice of the dividing surface, strictly speaking, is arbitrary, however, it is very desirable to take into account the type of external potential . Otherwise, these expressions are at odds with the generally accepted concepts and common sense.
First, must lie close to the transition layer (i.e., the regi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An inverted repeat sequence with no intervening nucleotides between the initial sequence and its downstream reverse complement is a palindrome. <br /> EXAMPLE:<br />
Step 1: start with an inverted repeat: <br />
Step 2: remove intervening nucleotides: <br />
This resulting sequence is palindr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The old MIL-F-14256 and QQ-S-571 standards defined fluxes as:
*R (rosin)
*RMA (rosin mildly activated)
*RA (rosin activated)
*WS (water-soluble)
Any of these categories may be no-clean, or not, depending on the chemistry selected and the standard that the manufacturer requires. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In dual-mode, the mobile and stationary phases are reversed part way through the separation experiment. This requires changing the phase being pumped through the column as well as the direction of flow. Dual-mode operation is likely to elute the entire sample from the column but the order of elution is disrupted by swi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A euthanaticum is used for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Euthanasia is not permitted by law in many countries, and consequently, medicines will not be licensed for this use in those countries. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Toxicity/Residue Database is maintained by the U.S. EPA and is a database for the prediction of toxicity of organic and inorganic chemicals to aquatic organisms. This data base was developed by the EPA Duluth office and became operational in 1999. The data base is derived from more than 500 peer-reviewed references... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The examination process is normally conducted by hydrologists and hydrologic technicians, and involves a review of historical engineering information about the bridge, followed by a visual inspection. Information is recorded about the type of rock or sediment carried by the river, and the angle at which the river flows... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cellulose is a polyol and thus susceptible to acetylation, which is achieved using acetic anhydride. Acetylation disrupts hydrogen bonding, which otherwise dominates the properties of cellulose. Consequently, the cellulose esters are soluble in organic solvents and can be cast into fibers and films. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The four most common modes of radioactive decay are: alpha decay, beta decay, inverse beta decay (considered as both positron emission and electron capture), and isomeric transition. Of these decay processes, only alpha decay (fission of a helium-4 nucleus) changes the atomic mass number (A) of the nucleus, and always... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first transformation of metabolism of ZEN will reduce the ketone group to an alcohol via aliphatic hydroxylation and result in the formation of the two zearalenol metabolites. This process is catalyzed by 3 α- and 3 β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (HSD). CYP450 enzymes will then catalyze aromatic hydroxylation at t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The technique was invented in 1955 by Grant Henry Lathe and Colin R Ruthven, working at Queen Charlotte's Hospital, London. They later received the John Scott Award for this invention. While Lathe and Ruthven used starch gels as the matrix, Jerker Porath and Per Flodin later introduced dextran gels; other gels with siz... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For a system of diameter and volume , at constant temperature , the classical canonical partition function
with a scaled coordinate, the free energy is given by:
Combining the above equation with the definition of chemical potential,
we get the chemical potential of a sufficiently large system from (and the fact th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carboxypeptidases are usually classified into one of several families based on their active site mechanism.
* Enzymes that use a metal in the active site are called "metallo-carboxypeptidases" (EC number 3.4.17).
* Other carboxypeptidases that use active site serine residues are called "serine carboxypeptidases" (EC ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term human equivalent is used in a number of different contexts. This term can refer to human equivalents of various comparisons of animate and inanimate things. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the field of molecular biology, the ETS (E26 transformation-specific or E-twenty-six. (Erythroblast Transformation Specific)) family is one of the largest families of transcription factors and is unique to animals. There are 29 genes in humans, 28 in the mouse, 10 in Caenorhabditis elegans and 9 in Drosophila. The f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A hydrophilic molecule or portion of a molecule is one whose interactions with water and other polar substances are more thermodynamically favorable than their interactions with oil or other hydrophobic solvents. They are typically charge-polarized and capable of hydrogen bonding. This makes these molecules soluble not... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluids display properties such as:
* lack of resistance to permanent deformation, resisting only relative rates of deformation in a dissipative, frictional manner, and
* the ability to flow (also described as the ability to take on the shape of the container).
These properties are typically a function of their inabilit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Drug repurposing is considered a rapid, cost-effective, and reduced-risk strategy for the development of new treatment options also for psychiatric disorders. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ridges (regions of increased gene expression) are domains of the genome with a high gene expression; the opposite of ridges are antiridges. The term was first used by Caron et al. in 2001. Characteristics of ridges are:
*Gene dense
*Contain many C and G nucleobases
*Genes have short introns
*High SINE repeat density
*L... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most IPNs do not interpenetrate completely on a molecular scale, but rather form small dispersed or bicontinuous phase morphologies with characteristic length scales on the order of tens of nanometers. However, since these length scales are relatively small, they are often considered homogeneous on a macroscopic scale.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The L-A dsRNA virus of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a single 4.6 kb genomic segment that encodes its major coat protein, Gag (76 kDa) and a Gag-Pol fusion protein (180 kDa) formed by a -1 ribosomal frameshift. L-A can support the replication and encapsidation in separate viral particles of any of several sat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Melt spinning is a metal forming technique that is typically used to form thin ribbons of metal or alloys with a particular atomic structure.
Some important commercial applications of melt-spun metals include high-efficiency transformers (Amorphous metal transformer), sensory devices, telecommunications equipment, and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At normal temperatures pumping mechanisms in cell walls retain intracellular potassium at high levels and extrude sodium. If these pumps fail sodium is taken up by the cell and potassium lost. Water follows the sodium passively and results in swelling of the cells. The importance of this control of cell swelling was de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations. Another common... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For binary mixtures, the conversion to molality is
where the solvent is substance 1, and the solute is substance 2.
For solutions with more than one solute, the conversion is | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is important to distinguish molecularity from order of reaction. The order of reaction is an empirical quantity determined by experiment from the rate law of the reaction. It is the sum of the exponents in the rate law equation. Molecularity, on the other hand, is deduced from the mechanism of an elementary reaction... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is a measurement of the reaction rate of isotope-labeled reactants against the more common natural substrate. Kinetic isotope effect values are a ratio of the turnover number and include all steps of the reaction. Intrinsic kinetic isotope values stem from the difference in the bond vibrat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fluoroestradiol F-18, also known as [F]16α-fluoroestradiol and sold under the brand name Cerianna, is a radioactive diagnostic agent indicated for use with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. It is an analog of estrogen and is used to detect estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer lesions. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mummia, mumia, or originally mummy referred to several different preparations in the history of medicine, from "mineral pitch" to "powdered human mummies". It originated from Arabic mūmiyā "a type of resinous bitumen found in Western Asia and used curatively" in traditional Islamic medicine, which was translated as pis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bromine cycle is a biogeochemical cycle of bromine through the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first models which tried to explain the clustering of genes were, of course, focused on operons because they were discovered before eukaryote gene clusters were. In 1999 Lawrence proposed a model for the origin operons. This selfish operon model suggests that individual genes were grouped together by vertical en ho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a surveillance pathway that exists in all eukaryotes. Its main function is to reduce errors in gene expression by eliminating mRNA transcripts that contain premature stop codons. Translation of these aberrant mRNAs could, in some cases, lead to deleterious gain-of-function or domin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Post-translational modification of histones either by acetylation or crotonylation is important for the active transcription of genes. Histone crotonylation is regulated by the concentration of crotonyl-coA which can change based on environmental cell conditions or genetic factors. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Toluene derivatives with heteroatom-containing substituents in the ortho position undergo site-selective benzylic lithiation in the presence of organolithium compounds (either alkyllithiums or lithium dialkylamides). Coordination of the Lewis acidic lithium atom to the Lewis basic heteroatom, as well as inductive effec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The OFM probes are perfused with a physiological solution (the perfusate) which equilibrates with the ISF of the surrounding tissue. Operating flow rates range from 0.1 to 10 μL/min. OFM allows unrestricted exchange of compounds via an open structure across the open exchange area of the probe. This exchange of compound... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrogen bonds can vary in strength from weak (1–2 kJ/mol) to strong (161.5 kJ/mol in the bifluoride ion, ). Typical enthalpies in vapor include:
* (161.5 kJ/mol or 38.6 kcal/mol), illustrated uniquely by
* (29 kJ/mol or 6.9 kcal/mol), illustrated water-ammonia
* (21 kJ/mol or 5.0 kcal/mol), illustrated water-wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) of a surfactant is a measure of its degree of hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, determined by calculating percentages of molecular weights for the hydrophilic and lipophilic portions of the surfactant molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. Other methods have been sug... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alba, a green-fluorescent rabbit, was created by a French laboratory commissioned by Eduardo Kac using GFP for purposes of art and social commentary. The US company Yorktown Technologies markets to aquarium shops green fluorescent zebrafish (GloFish) that were initially developed to detect pollution in waterways. NeonP... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spectral karyotyping is an image of colored chromosomes. Spectral karyotyping involves FISH using multiple forms of many types of probes with the result to see each chromosome labeled through its metaphase stage. This type of karyotyping is used specifically when seeking out chromosome arrangements. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
(p)ppGpp, guanosine pentaphosphate and tetraphosphate, also known as the "magic spot" nucleotides, are alarmones involved in the stringent response in bacteria that cause the inhibition of RNA synthesis when there is a shortage of amino acids. This inhibition by (p)ppGpp decreases translation in the cell, conserving am... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 1950s, Viktor Glukhovsky developed concrete materials originally known under the names "soil silicate concretes" and "soil cements", but since the introduction of the geopolymer concept by Joseph Davidovits, the terminology and definitions of the word geopolymer have become more diverse and often conflicting. Th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The time frame in question when dealing with radioactive waste ranges from 10,000 to 1,000,000 years, according to studies based on the effect of estimated radiation doses. Researchers suggest that forecasts of health detriment for such periods should be examined critically. Practical studies only consider up to 100 ye... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trofimenko's initial work in the field was with the homoscorpionates where three pyrazolyl groups are attached to a boron. Since this work a range of ligands have been reported where more than one type of metal binding group is attached to the central atom; these are the heteroscorpionates.
Many other chemists continue... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prelog wanted to work in an academic environment, so he accepted the position of lecturer at the University of Zagreb in 1935. At the Technical Faculty in Zagreb, he lectured on organic chemistry and chemical engineering.
With the help of collaborators and students, Prelog started researching quinine and its related co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The proton pump, H/K ATPase is a α,β-heterodimeric enzyme. The catalytic α subunit has ten transmembrane segments with a cluster of intramembranal carboxylic amino acids located in the middle of the transmembrane segments TM4, TM5, TM6 and TM8. The β subunit has one transmembrane segment with N terminus in cytoplasmic ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wong-Ng was a research associate and lecturer in the chemistry department at University of Toronto. From 1981 to 1985, she was a critical review scientist at the International Centre for Diffraction Data. Wong-Ng was a research scientist in the chemistry department at University of Maryland, College Park and a research... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The rhodium-catalyzed hydroboration reaction is thought to be initiated with the dissociation of a triphenylphosphine from the Rh(I) centre. Oxidative addition of the B-H bond of the borane reagent to this 14 e species is then followed by coordination of the alkene to the 16e Rh(III) hydride complex. Subsequent migrato... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, a Tollmien–Schlichting wave (often abbreviated T-S wave) is a streamwise unstable wave which arises in a bounded shear flow (such as boundary layer and channel flow). It is one of the more common methods by which a laminar bounded shear flow transitions to turbulence. The waves are initiated when som... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After initial encapsulation the remaining molecules form connections between the individual micelles to form a network within the aqueous media called a hydrogel, creating a diffuse and relatively constant concentration of the encapsulated particle within the gel. The formation of hydrogels is a phenomenon observed in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive holoenzyme of PKA is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glycolysis is performed by all living organisms and consists of 10 steps. The net reaction for the overall process of glycolysis is:
:Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 P + 2 ADP → 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 HO
Steps 1 and 3 require the input of energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and P (inorganic phosphate), wher... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The setup for projection topography (also called "traverse" topography") is essentially identical to section topography, the difference being that both sample and film are now scanned laterally (synchronously) with respect to the narrow incident beam. A projection topograph therefore corresponds to the superposition of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The integration of Microalgal Bacterial (MaB) flocs into sustainable agricultural practices presents an innovative approach to enhancing the nutritional content of food sources, particularly in terms of omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are ess... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At the age of 26, around the time he was elected to the Academy of Sciences, Lavoisier bought a share in the Ferme générale, a tax farming financial company which advanced the estimated tax revenue to the royal government in return for the right to collect the taxes. On behalf of the Ferme générale Lavoisier commission... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The total energy of the system is where S is entropy, and the are the other extensive parameters of the system (e.g. volume, particle number, etc.). The entropy of the system may likewise be written as a function of the other extensive parameters as . Suppose that X is one of the which varies as a system approaches ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular genetics, a repressor is a DNA- or RNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding to the operator or associated silencers. A DNA-binding repressor blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter, thus preventing transcription of the genes into messenger RNA. An RN... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mitigation of combined sewer overflows include sewer separation, CSO storage, expanding sewage treatment capacity, retention basins, screening and disinfection facilities, reducing stormwater flows, green infrastructure and real-time decision support systems. For example, cities with combined sewer overflows employ one... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Adenylosuccinate is an intermediate in the interconversion of purine nucleotides inosine monophosphate (IMP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The enzyme adenylosuccinate synthase carries out the reaction by the addition of aspartate to IMP and requires the input of energy from a phosphoanhydride bond in the form of g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pereys archives with materials dating from 1929 to 1975 were left at the University of Strasbourg. They include laboratory notebooks, course materials from her work as professor of nuclear chemistry, papers from her laboratory directorship, and publications. All documents are currently held at the Archives départementa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unlike a du Noüy ring, no correction factors are required when calculating surface tensions. Due to its small size the rod can be used in high throughput instruments that use a 96-well plate to determine the surface tension. The small diameter of the rod allows its use in a small volume of liquid with 50 l samples be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chiral auxiliaries on the alkene partner have been used for stereoselective transformations. In the reaction of camphorsultam-derived unsaturated amides, lower temperatures were needed to achieve high selectivities.
In reactions of silyl-substituted allylic acetates, chiral sulfoxides can be used to enforce high diaste... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One well-studied eRNA is the eRNA of the enhancer that interacts with the promoter of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene. The PSA eRNA is strongly up-regulated by the androgen receptor. High PSA eRNA then has a domino effect. PSA eRNA binds to and activates the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inverse polymerase chain reaction (Inverse PCR) is a variant of the polymerase chain reaction that is used to amplify DNA with only one known sequence. One limitation of conventional PCR is that it requires primers complementary to both termini of the target DNA, but this method allows PCR to be carried out even if onl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In addition to microarrays, biochips have been designed for two-dimensional electrophoresis, transcriptome analysis, and PCR amplification. Other applications include various electrophoresis and liquid chromatography applications for proteins and DNA, cell separation, in particular, blood cell separation, protein analy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioconversion, also known as biotransformation, is the conversion of organic materials, such as plant or animal waste, into usable products or energy sources by biological processes or agents, such as certain microorganisms. One example is the industrial production of cortisone, which one step is the bioconversion of p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide is used for epoxidation and hydroxylation reagents in conjunction with metal catalysts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 1,3-enyne moiety is an important structural unit for biologically active and natural compounds. It can be derived from vinylic systems and terminal acetylenes by using a configuration-retention stereospecific procedure such as the Sonogashira reaction. Vinyl iodides are the most reactive vinyl halides to Pd oxidati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A fishs hypoxia tolerance can be represented in different ways. A commonly used representation is the critical O tension (P), which is the lowest water O tension (P consumption rate (M is therefore thought to be more hypoxia-tolerant than a fish with a higher P. But while P is often used to represent hypoxia tolerance,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the built environment, evaporation limited capillary penetration is responsible for the phenomenon of rising damp in concrete and masonry, while in industry and diagnostic medicine this phenomenon is increasingly being harnessed in the field of paper-based microfluidics.
In physiology, capillary action is essential ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In spectroscopy, a Voigt profile results from the convolution of two broadening mechanisms, one of which alone would produce a Gaussian profile (usually, as a result of the Doppler broadening), and the other would produce a Lorentzian profile. Voigt profiles are common in many branches of spectroscopy and diffraction. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gerhard Lagaly (born 14 October 1938, in Ludwigshafen am Rhein) is a German chemist and retired university professor. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several chemical factors affect the ionophore activity. The activity of an ionophore-metal complex depends on its geometric configuration and the coordinating sites and atoms which create coordination environment surrounding the metal center. This affects the selectivity and affinity towards a certain ion. Ionophores c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lithium diisopropylamide (commonly abbreviated LDA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula . It is used as a strong base and has been widely utilized due to its good solubility in non-polar organic solvents and non-nucleophilic nature. It is a colorless solid, but is usually generated and observed only in so... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coordination cages are used to study guest-guest and host–guest interactions and reactions.
In some instance, planar aromatic molecules stack inside of metalloprisms, as can be observed by UV-visible spectroscopy. Metal-metal interactions can also be observed. Mixed valence species have also been trapped inside of coo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gas phase titrations are titrations done in the gas phase, specifically as methods for determining reactive species by reaction with an excess of some other gas, acting as the titrant. In one common gas phase titration, gaseous ozone is titrated with nitrogen oxide according to the reaction
:O + NO → O + NO.
After the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biochemistry, an N-methylamide (NME) is a blocking group for the C-terminus end of peptides. When the carboxyl group of the C-terminus is replaced with a methylamide, further elongation of the peptide chain is prevented. C-Terminal modified peptides are also useful for the modulation of structure-activity relation... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microbial food cultures are live bacteria, yeasts or moulds used in food production. Microbial food cultures carry out the fermentation process in foodstuffs. Used by humans since the Neolithic period (around 10 000 years BC) fermentation helps to preserve perishable foods and to improve their nutritional and organolep... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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