text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
Neuroproteomics has the difficult task of defining on a molecular level the pathways of consciousness, senses, and self. Neurological disorders are unique in that they do not always exhibit outward symptoms. Defining the disorders becomes difficult and so neuroproteomics is a step in the right direction of identifying... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Wang, W., Germanenko, I., & El-Shall, M. S. (2002). Room-temperature synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline CdS, ZnS, and Cd x Zn1-x S. Chemistry of Materials, 14(7), 3028–3033.
*Panda, A. B., Glaspell, G., & El-Shall, M. S. (2006). Microwave synthesis of highly aligned ultra narrow semiconductor rods and w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SERS-based immunoassays can be used for detection of low-abundance biomarkers. For example, antibodies and gold particles can be used to quantify proteins in serum with high sensitivity and specificity. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
mRNA processing acts as a form of post-transcriptional regulation, which mostly happens in eukaryotes. 3′ cleavage/polyadenylation and 5’ capping increase overall RNA stability, and the presence of 5’ cap allows ribosome binding for translation. RNA splicing allows the expression of various protein variants from the sa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In materials with a large exciton binding energy, it is possible for a photon to have just barely enough energy to create an exciton (bound electron–hole pair), but not enough energy to separate the electron and hole (which are electrically attracted to each other). In this situation, there is a distinction between "op... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Janssen died at Meudon on 23 December 1907 and was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, with the name "J. Janssen" inscribed on his tomb. During his life he was made a Knight of the Legion of Honor and a Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London.
Craters on both Mars and the Moon are named in his honor. The p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin FRS(For) HFRSE (16 May 1763 – 14 November 1829) was a French pharmacist and chemist. He was the discoverer of both chromium and beryllium. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hydrophobic effect is the observed tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in an aqueous solution and to be excluded by water. The word hydrophobic literally means "water-fearing", and it describes the segregation of water and nonpolar substances, which maximizes the entropy of water and minimizes the area of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pyrrolidine type of DPP-4 inhibitors was first discovered after HTS. Research showed that the pyrrolidine rings were the part of the compounds that fit into the binding site. Further development has led to fluoro substituted pyrrolidines that show superior activity, as well as pyrrolidines with fused cyclopropylrin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because the light energy recorded by the detector array is proportional to the volume of the particles, laser diffraction results are intrinsically volume-weighted. This means that the particle size distribution represents the volume of particle material in the different size classes. This is in contrast to counting-ba... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dissolved load can provide valuable information about the rate of soil formation and other processes of chemical erosion. In particular, the mass balance between the dissolved load and solid phase is helpful in determining surface dynamics. In addition, dissolved load can be used to reconstruct the climate of the Earth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In this field, V. G. Khlopin and his colleagues and students (M. S. Merkulova, V. I. Grebenshchikov and others) developed a methodology for studying the process of isomorphous coprecipitation of microcomponents and ways to achieve equilibrium in the solid phase-solution system, - the influence of many factors on this p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methemoglobin is expressed as a concentration or a percentage. Percentage of methemoglobin is calculated by dividing the concentration of methemoglobin by the concentration of total hemoglobin. Percentage of methemoglobin is likely a better indicator of illness severity than overall concentration, as underlying medical... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrion is a trademarked name for a popular line of compound pH indicators, marketed by Micro Essential Laboratory Inc., exhibiting a series of color changes (typically producing a recognizably different color for each pH unit) over a range of pH values. Although solutions are available, the most common forms of Hydrio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
# Mixture of fuel and oxygen is injected into the combustion chamber.
# Powder feedstock is introduced into the chamber.
# Nitrogen gas is added between the fuel-oxygen mixture and powder feedstock in order to prevent backfiring.
# Mixture is ignited, and heated powder is ejected from the barrel onto the target materia... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (also known as PEP carboxylase, PEPCase, or PEPC; , PDB ID: 3ZGE) is an enzyme in the family of carboxy-lyases found in plants and some bacteria that catalyzes the addition of bicarbonate (HCO) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate and inorganic phosp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As of November 15, 2021, seven states in the USA declared ten cases of illnesses from an E. coli O157:H7 strain. These cases were reported from October 15, 2021 through October 27, 2021 and an investigation was carried out by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture and FDA. It was concluded that packages of spinach col... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dendrimers are built from small molecules that end up at the surface of the sphere, and reactions proceed inward building inward and are eventually attached to a core. This method makes it much easier to remove impurities and shorter branches along the way, so that the final dendrimer is more monodisperse. However dend... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Ryoji Noyori Prize is named in his honour. In 2000 Noyori became Honorary Doctor at the University of Rennes 1, where he taught in 1995, and in 2005, he became Honorary Doctor at Technical University of Munich and RWTH Aachen University, Germany. Noyori was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Applied Geochemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Association of GeoChemistry. It covers research on environmental and regional geochemistry and was established in 1986. It is published by Elsevier and from 2012 to 2022 the editor-in-chief was Michae... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Straight-chain alkanes take the suffix "-ane" and are prefixed depending on the number of carbon atoms in the chain, following standard rules. The first few are:
For example, the simplest alkane is methane, and the nine-carbon alkane is named nonane. The names of the first four alkanes were derived from methanol, eth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1966 United States President Lyndon Johnson honored Hahn, Meitner and Strassmann with the Enrico Fermi Award. The International Astronomical Union named an asteroid after him: 19136 Strassmann.
In 1985 Fritz Strassmann was recognized by Yad Vashem Institute in Jerusalem as Righteous Among the Nations (חסיד אמות העול... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1968, Neil Ashcroft suggested that metallic hydrogen might be a superconductor, up to room temperature (). This hypothesis is based on an expected strong coupling between conduction electrons and lattice vibrations. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The combination of atoms or molecules into crystals or other extended forms leads to the creation of additional energetic states. These states are numerous and therefore have a high density of states. This high density often makes the spectra weaker and less distinct, i.e., broader. For instance, blackbody radiation is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The distance is typically ≈110 pm, whereas the distance is ≈160 to 200 pm. The typical length of a hydrogen bond in water is 197 pm. The ideal bond angle depends on the nature of the hydrogen bond donor. The following hydrogen bond angles between a hydrofluoric acid donor and various acceptors have been determined ex... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The reaction was originally carried out in diethyl ether and routinely generated high yields due to the inherent irreversibly of the reaction caused by the formation of nitrogen gas. Though these reactions can be carried out at room temperature, the rate does increase at higher temperatures. Typically, the reaction is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
R3D measured ionizing and non-ionizing radiation as well as cosmic radiation reaching the biological samples located on the EXPOSE-E. Due to errors in data transmission or temporary termination of EXPOSE power, not all data could be acquired. Radiation was not constant during the mission. At regular intervals of about ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When the ovarian follicles have reached a certain degree of development, induction of final oocyte maturation is performed, generally by an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Commonly, this is known as the "trigger shot." hCG acts as an analogue of luteinising hormone, and ovulation would occur between 38... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Kovats index applies to organic compounds. The method interpolates peaks between bracketing n-alkanes. The Kovats index of n-alkanes is 100 times their carbon number, e.g. the Kovats index of n-butane is 400. The Kovats index is dimensionless, unlike retention time or retention volume. For isothermal gas chromatogr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Loss of E-cadherin is considered to be a fundamental event in EMT. Many transcription factors (TFs) that can repress E-cadherin directly or indirectly can be considered as EMT-TF (EMT inducing TFs). SNAI1/Snail 1, SNAI2/Snail 2 (also known as Slug), ZEB1, ZEB2, TCF3 and KLF8 (Kruppel-like factor 8) can bind to the E-ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rayleigh scattering, too, can be considered to be due to fluctuations in the density, composition and orientation of molecules within the transmitting medium, and hence of its refraction index, in small volumes of matter (particularly in gases or liquids). The difference is that Rayleigh scattering involves only the ra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The idea of recombinant DNA was first proposed by Peter Lobban, a graduate student of Prof. Dale Kaiser in the Biochemistry Department at Stanford University Medical School. The first publications describing the successful production and intracellular replication of recombinant DNA appeared in 1972 and 1973, from Stanf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In October 2017, scientists from various European universities proposed a means for sources of GeV photons using lasers as exciters through a controlled interplay between the cascade and anomalous radiative trapping. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Organic mixed valence compounds are also known. Mixed valency in fact seems to be required for organic compounds to exhibit electrical conductivity. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
H-SNIF-NMR is the official AOAC method for determining the natural vanillin.
The abundance of five monodeuterated isotopomers for vanillin can be measured by H-SNIF-NMR. The vanillin molecule is represented in figure 11, all observable sites for which the site specific deuterium concentrations can be measured are refer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Other traditions in Islam rejected the atomism of the Asharites and expounded on many Greek texts, especially those of Aristotle. An active school of philosophers in Al-Andalus, including the noted commentator Averroes (1126–1198 CE) explicitly rejected the thought of al-Ghazali and turned to an extensive evaluat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is part of the β-herpesvirus subfamily that includes roseoloviruses. CMV coevolved with an assortment of mammalian hosts, including human CMV (HCMV), murine CMV (MCMV) and rhesus CMV (RhCMV). CMVs are characterized by large DNA genomes and typically asymptomatic infection in healthy hosts.
The fir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tendril perversion is a geometric phenomenon sometimes observed in helical structures in which the direction of the helix transitions between left-handed and right-handed. Such a reversal of chirality is commonly seen in helical plant tendrils and telephone handset cords.
The phenomenon was known to Charles Darwin, wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Adhesive materials fill the voids or pores of the surfaces and hold surfaces together by interlocking. Other interlocking phenomena are observed on different length scales. Sewing is an example of two materials forming a large scale mechanical bond, velcro forms one on a medium scale, and some textile adhesives (glue) ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters publishes letters, perspectives on emerging topics, editorials and viewpoints. Specific materials of interest will include, but are not limited to:
* Physical Insights into Quantum Phenomena and Function
* Physical Insights into Materials and Molecular Properties
* Physical Ins... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
HCN is the precursor to sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide, which are used mainly in gold and silver mining and for the electroplating of those metals. Via the intermediacy of cyanohydrins, a variety of useful organic compounds are prepared from HCN including the monomer methyl methacrylate, from acetone, the amino a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alchemy encompasses several philosophical traditions spanning some four millennia and three continents. These traditions' general penchant for cryptic and symbolic language makes it hard to trace their mutual influences and "genetic" relationships. One can distinguish at least three major strands, which appear to be mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Every physical theory must be verified by experiments. The spouting can experiment consists of a cylindrical vessel filled up with water and with several holes in different heights. It is designed to show that in a liquid with an open surface, pressure increases with depth. The lower a jet is on the tube, the more powe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics and electrostatics, slender-body theory is a methodology that can be used to take advantage of the slenderness of a body to obtain an approximation to a field surrounding it and/or the net effect of the field on the body. Principal applications are to Stokes flow — at very low Reynolds numbers — and i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
3-Sulfolene reacts in aqueous solution with bromine to give 3,4-dibromotetrohydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, which can be dehydrobrominated to thiophene-1,1-dioxide with silver carbonate. Thiophene-1,1-dioxide, a highly reactive species, is also accessible via the formation of 3,4-bis(dimethylamino)tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Studies on evaluating antioxidant capacity can use electrochemical methods.
Detection can be made by recombinant luminescent bacterial sensors. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Common applications of BLI include in vivo studies of infection (with bioluminescent pathogens), cancer progression (using a bioluminescent cancer cell line), and reconstitution kinetics (using bioluminescent stem cells).
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have shown that bioluminescence imaging can be used ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Double diffusive convection holds importance in natural processes and engineering applications. The effect of double diffusive convection is not limited to oceanography, also occurring in geology, astrophysics, and metallurgy. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, a thermodynamicist is someone who studies thermodynamic processes and phenomena, i.e. the physics that deal with mechanical action and relations of heat.
Among the well-known number of famous thermodynamicists, include Sadi Carnot, Rudolf Clausius, Willard Gibbs, Hermann von Helmholtz, and Max Planck... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He was born on December 31, 1905, in Ordubad.
In 1923, he entered the higher pedagogical institute of Baku. In 1926, after successful graduation from the institute he taught at secondary school for 3 years. In 1929, he became a second-year student of chemistry faculty of MSU, from which he graduated in 1932. He was a s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Oral drug delivery: Emulsions may provide an efficient means of administering drugs that are poorly soluble or have low bioavailability or dissolution rates, increasing both dissolution rates and absorption to increase bioavailability and improve bioavailability. By increasing surface area provided by an emulsion, di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
macroevolution - macromolecular system - macromolecule - macrophage colony-stimulating factor - major histocompatibility complex - Malpighi body - Malpighi layer - marine biology - maslinic acid - mass spectrometer - maturation-promoting factor - mechanoreceptor - medicine - meiosis - melting point - membrane glycoprot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Bürgi–Dunitz angle (BD angle) is one of two angles that fully define the geometry of "attack" (approach via collision) of a nucleophile on a trigonal unsaturated center in a molecule, originally the carbonyl center in an organic ketone, but now extending to aldehyde, ester, and amide carbonyls, and to alkenes (olef... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nyholms research in inorganic chemistry was primarily concerned with the preparation of transition metal compounds, particularly those involving organo-arsenic ligands. His interest in organoarsenic chemistry was fostered at the University of Sydney by George Joseph Burrows (1888–1950). Using the strong chelating lig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ASCOT-LLA manufacturer-sponsored study addressed the benefit of atorvastatin 10 mg (a cholesterol-lowering drug) in patients with hypertension (high blood pressure) but no previous cardiovascular disease (primary prevention). The trial ran for 3.3 years, and during this period the relative risk of a "primary event" (he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The society aims to accelerate the rate of scientific innovations being commercialised by industry to benefit society. It does this through promoting collaborations between scientists and industrialists, running technical and innovation conferences, building communities across academia and industry and publishing scien... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antiferroelectricity is a physical property of certain materials. It is closely related to ferroelectricity; the relation between antiferroelectricity and ferroelectricity is analogous to the relation between antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism.
An antiferroelectric material consists of an ordered (crystalline) array... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All other diatomic molecules are chemical compounds of two different elements. Many elements can combine to form heteronuclear diatomic molecules, depending on temperature and pressure.
Examples are gases carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen chloride (HCl).
Many 1:1 binary compounds are not normally co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The optical dispersion of fused quartz can be approximated by the following Sellmeier equation:
where the wavelength is measured in micrometers. This equation is valid between 0.21 and 3.71 μm and at 20 °C. Its validity was confirmed for wavelengths up to 6.7 μm. Experimental data for the real (refractive index) and i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Substantial decreases in extracellular Ca ion concentrations may result in a condition known as hypocalcemic tetany, which is marked by spontaneous motor neuron discharge. In addition, severe hypocalcaemia will begin to affect aspects of blood coagulation and signal transduction.
Ca ions can damage cells if they enter ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During the 1880s, Moissan focused on fluorine chemistry and especially the production of fluorine itself. The existence of the element had been well known for many years, but all attempts to isolate it had failed, and some experimenters had died in the attempt.
He had no laboratory of his own, but borrowed lab space fr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lauterbur died aged 77 in March 2007 of kidney disease at his home in Urbana, Illinois. University of Illinois Chancellor Richard Herman said, "Paul's influence is felt around the world every day, every time an MRI saves the life of a daughter or a son, a mother or a father." | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Liquation is a metallurgical method for separating metals from an ore or alloy. The material must be heated until one of the metals starts to melt and drain away from the other and can be collected. This method was largely used to remove lead containing silver from copper, but it can also be used to remove antimony fro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Platinum-samarium is a binary inorganic compound of platinum and samarium with the chemical formula PtSm. This intermetallic compound forms crystals. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trichlorofluoromethane can be obtained by reacting carbon tetrachloride with hydrogen fluoride at 435 °C and 70 atm, producing a mixture of trichlorofluoromethane, tetrafluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane in a ratio of 77:18:5. The reaction can also be carried out in the presence of antimony(III) chloride or anti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NETA is available in the form of tablets for use by mouth both alone and in combination with estrogens including estradiol, estradiol valerate, and ethinylestradiol. Transdermal patches providing a combination of 50 μg/day estradiol and 0.14 or 0.25 mg/day NETA are available under the brand names CombiPatch and Estalis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Kelvin equation indicates that as P/P increases inside a capillary, the radius of curvature will also increase, creating a flatter interface. (Note: This is not to say that larger radii of curvature result in more vapor condensation. See the discussion on contact angle below.) Figure 2 above demonstrates this de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, the effective molarity (denoted EM) is defined as the ratio between the first-order rate constant of an intramolecular reaction and the second-order rate constant of the corresponding intermolecular reaction (kinetic effective molarity) or the ratio between the equilibrium constant of an intramolecular re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyclodextrins are well established hosts for the formation of inclusion compounds. Illustrative is the case of ferrocene which is inserted into the cyclodextrin at 100 °C under hydrothermal conditions.
Cyclodextrin also forms inclusion compounds with fragrances. As a result, the fragrance molecules have a reduced vapor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two basic forms of leaves can be described considering the way the blade (lamina) is divided. A simple leaf has an undivided blade. However, the leaf may be dissected to form lobes, but the gaps between lobes do not reach to the main vein. A compound leaf has a fully subdivided blade, each leaflet of the blade being se... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Selenium has bimodal biological action depending on the concentration. At low nutritional doses, selenium acts as an antioxidant through selenoproteins, scavenging ROS, supporting cell survival and growth; while, at supra-nutritional higher pharmacological doses, selenium acts as a pro-oxidant generating ROS and induci... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For a process that occurs at constant temperature and pressure, spontaneity can be determined using the change in Gibbs free energy, which is given by:
where the sign of ΔG depends on the signs of the changes in enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS). If these two signs are the same (both positive or both negative), then the s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Agriculture managements approaches such as monoculture and chemical fertilization often leads to soil problems such as soil acidification, degradation, and soil-borne diseases, which ultimately have a negative impact on agricultural productivity and sustainability. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrophobic sand (or magic sand) is a toy made from sand coated with a hydrophobic compound. The presence of the hydrophobic compound causes the grains of sand to adhere to one another and form cylinders (to minimize surface area) when exposed to water, and form a pocket of air around the sand. The pocket of air makes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Numerous studies and reviews have been published with respect to GIC used in primary teeth restorations. Findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that conventional glass ionomers were not recommended for Class II restorations in primary molars. This material showed poor anatomical form and marginal ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sodium is the primary cation (positively charged ion) in extracellular fluids in animals and humans. These fluids, such as blood plasma and extracellular fluids in other tissues, bathe cells and carry out transport functions for nutrients and wastes. Sodium is also the principal cation in seawater, although the concent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A pepper-spray projectile may be a sphere, hence the name pepper-ball, but it may also come in other shapes. The irritant payload may differ from product to product but is usually a powder, less frequently a liquid, gas or aerosol. Some companies offer different substances as payload for their projectiles and launcher ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Activated Ras then activates the protein kinase activity of a RAF kinase. The RAF kinase phosphorylates and activates a MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK1 or MEK2). The MEK phosphorylates and activates a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).
RAF and MAPK/ERK are both serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. MEK is a serine/tyr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At low concentrations of TNP-ATP (≤1 μM), fluorescent intensity is proportional to the concentration of TNP added. However, at concentrations exceeding 1 μM, inner filter effects cause this relationship to no longer be linear. To correct this, researchers must determine the ratio of the predicted theoretical fluorescen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lytic and lysogenic viruses have different lifestyles which impact what AMGs they acquire. Lytic viruses tend to use AMGs to repurpose host cell metabolism and steal nutrients when in high cell density. Therefore, AMGs related to metabolism and transport are found more abundantly in lytic viruses. Lytic viruses also en... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A geroprotector is a senotherapeutic that aims to affect the root cause of aging and age-related diseases, and thus prolong the life span of animals. Some possible geroprotectors include melatonin, carnosine, metformin, rapamycin, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and delta sleep-inducing peptide. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Froehde reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids, especially opioids, as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of molybdic acid or a molybdate salt dissolved in hot, concentrated sulfuric acid, which is then dripped onto the substance being tested.
The United States D... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Where there are more than two centres that are bridged a bridging index is added as a subscript. For example in basic beryllium acetate which can be visualised as a tetrahedral arrangement of Be atoms linked by 6 acetate ions forming a cage with a central oxide anion, the formula and name are as follows:
:[Be(μ-O)(μ-OC... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Iodine in food is absorbed by the body and preferentially concentrated in the thyroid where it is needed for the functioning of that gland. When I is present in high levels in the environment from radioactive fallout, it can be absorbed through contaminated food, and will also accumulate in the thyroid. As it decays, i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
KCS Uploads about five to six questions every two weeks on KChO website. Students who are studying for KChO can download the questions and try to solve them. Anyone can download the answers and official solutions there after a week. Even if the person is not joining the KChO, the person can download the questions and a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* (with Marie Curie)
* [https://archive.today/20140422005504/http://www.youscribe.com/catalogue/rapports-et-theses/savoirs/science-de-la-nature/sur-le-radium-et-l-uranium-contenus-dans-les-mineraux-radioactifs-1507892 Sur le radium et luranium contenus dans les mineraux radioactifs], Comptes Rendus' 148:1451 (1909)
*... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nuclear fallout from Cold War weapons testing settled in the United States throughout the Mississippi River System. Tritium concentrations can be used to understand the residence times of continental hydrologic systems (as opposed to the usual oceanic hydrologic systems) which include surface waters such as lakes, stre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Miray Bekbölet is a Turkish environmental chemist researching oxidation techniques, photocatalytic and photolytic reactions, adsorption/bio-oxidation processes in aquatic systems, and drinking water quality. She is a professor of environmental chemistry at the Boğaziçi University Institute of Environmental Sciences. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Superconductivity was discovered on April 8, 1911, by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who was studying the resistance of solid mercury at cryogenic temperatures using the recently produced liquid helium as a refrigerant. At the temperature of 4.2 K, he observed that the resistance abruptly disappeared. In the same experiment, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As predicted by studies in animal models, drugs were most effective when used in patients with tumours of smaller volume. Another important strategy developed from this — if the tumour burden could be reduced first by surgery, then chemotherapy may be able to clear away any remaining malignant cells, even if it would n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To discuss the visibility of defects in topographic images according to theory, consider the exemplary case of a single dislocation: It will give rise to contrast in topography only if the lattice planes involved in diffraction are distorted in some way by the existence of the dislocation. This is true in the case of a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Copper technology may date back to the 4th millennium BCE in the Himalaya region.
It is the first element to be discovered in metallurgy,
Copper and its alloys were also used to create copper-bronze images such as Buddhas or Hindu/Mahayana Buddhist deities. Xuanzang also noted that there were copper-bronze Buddha image... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
William Flockhart, L.R.C.S.E. (1808 – 1871) was a Scottish chemist, a pharmacist who provided chloroform to Doctor (later Sir) James Young Simpson for his anaesthesia experiment at 52 Queen Street, Edinburgh on 4 November 1847. This was the first use of this chemical on humans when Simpson tried it on himself and a few... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
WEAP (the Water Evaluation and Planning system) is a model-building tool for water resource planning and policy analysis that is distributed at no charge to non-profit, academic, and governmental organizations in developing countries.
WEAP can be used to create simulations of water demand, supply, runoff, evapotranspir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In materials science, the Zener–Hollomon parameter, typically denoted as Z, is used to relate changes in temperature or strain-rate to the stress-strain behavior of a material. It has been most extensively applied to the forming of steels at increased temperature, when creep is active. It is given by
where is the stra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Like many chiral molecules, the two stereoisomers of glyceraldehyde will gradually rotate the polarization direction of linearly polarized light as it passes through it, even in solution. The two stereoisomers are identified with the prefixes - and -, according to the sense of rotation: -glyceraldehyde is dextrorotato... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The primary uses of lovastatin is for the treatment of dyslipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. It is recommended to be used only after other measures, such as diet, exercise, and weight reduction, have not improved cholesterol levels. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Early in his career as an independent researcher, Oesper continued investigations in analytical chemistry. His scientific accomplishments at this stage of his career included demonstrating the utility of the compound ferrous ethylene diamine sulfate in certain applications especially redox titrations. This compound rep... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or graphenes—including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphite—have a hexagonal structure that is often described as chicken wire-like. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In inorganic extended solids, valence tautomerism can manifest itself in the change of oxidation states its spatial distribution upon the change of macroscopic thermodynamic conditions. Such effects have been called charge ordering or valence mixing to describe the behavior in inorganic oxides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.