text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
The above technique can obviously not correct for a background with fine structure, as in this case the absorbance will be different at each of the correction pixels. In this case HR-CS AAS is offering the possibility to measure correction spectra of the molecule(s) that is (are) responsible for the background and stor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most plastics do not biodegrade readily, however, they do still degrade in the environment because of the effects of UV-light, oxygen, water and pollutants. This combination is often generalised as polymer weathering. Chain breaking by weathering causes increasing embrittlement of plastic items, which eventually causes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At the request of Ernest Lawrence, Gofman established the Medical Department at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in early 1954 and acted as the medical director until 1957 roughly two days a week while teaching at Berkeley the rest of the time. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the theory of many-particle systems, Jacobi coordinates often are used to simplify the mathematical formulation. These coordinates are particularly common in treating polyatomic molecules and chemical reactions, and in celestial mechanics. An algorithm for generating the Jacobi coordinates for N bodies may be based... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first glycal was synthesized by Hermann Emil Fischer and Karl Zach in 1913. They synthesized this 1,2-unsaturated sugar from D-glucose and named their product D-glucal. Fischer believed he had synthesized an aldehyde, and therefore he gave the product a name that suggested this. By the time he discovered his mistak... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cost of sewerage - conventional or simplified - are always site-specific, and estimates are subject to controversies. Construction costs of simplified sewerage are up to half the costs of conventional sewerage. Investment cost savings come from various design features that may or may not be present in a particular ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mechanisms of main group compounds of groups 13-18 are usually discussed in the context of organic chemistry (organic compounds are main group compounds, after all). Elements heavier than C, N, O, and F often form compounds with more electrons than predicted by the octet rule, as explained in the article on hyperv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, the bicapped trigonal prismatic molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where eight atoms or groups of atoms or ligands are arranged around a central atom defining the vertices of a biaugmented triangular prism. This shape has C symmetry and is one of the three common shapes for octacoordinate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An alternative quantitative approach to inorganic chemistry focuses on energies of reactions. This approach is highly traditional and empirical, but it is also useful. Broad concepts that are couched in thermodynamic terms include redox potential, acidity, phase changes. A classic concept in inorganic thermodynamics... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biodegradation has been well investigated because of its relevance to sewage plants with specialized microorganisms. Two microorganisms that have been studied in depth are the white rot fungus and the bacterium Nocardia Corallina. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Urea, also called carbamide (because it is a diamide of carbonic acid), is an organic compound with chemical formula . This amide has two amino groups (–) joined by a carbonyl functional group (–C(=O)–). It is thus the simplest amide of carbamic acid.
Urea serves an important role in the cellular metabolism of nitrogen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The diffraction from a crystalline material, and thus the intensity of the diffracted beam, changes with the type and number of atoms inside the crystal unit cell. This fact is quantitatively expressed by the structure factor. Different materials have different structure factors, and similarly for different phases of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An airlift pump is a pump that has low suction and moderate discharge of liquid and entrained solids. The pump injects compressed air at the bottom of the discharge pipe which is immersed in the liquid. The compressed air mixes with the liquid causing the air-water mixture to be less dense than the rest of the liquid a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Arthur Charles Wahl (September 8, 1917 – March 6, 2006) was an American chemist who, as a doctoral student of Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley, first isolated plutonium in February 1941. He was a worker on the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos until 1946, when he joined Washington University in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Certain synthetic ion channels have conductances that can be modulated by additional of external chemicals. Both up-modulation (channels are turned on by ligand) and down-modulation (channels are turned off by ligands) are known: different mechanisms, including formation of supramolecular aggregates, as well as inter-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In magnetic resonance, a spin echo or Hahn echo is the refocusing of spin magnetisation by a pulse of resonant electromagnetic radiation. Modern nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) make use of this effect.
The NMR signal observed following an initial excitation pulse decays with time d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Bionic Leaf is an artificial leaf that interfaces a triple-junction Si wafer with amorphous silicon photovoltaic with hydrogen- and oxygen-evolving catalysts made from a ternary alloy, nickel-molybdenum-zinc (NiMoZn) and a cobalt–phosphate cluster (Co-OEC). The Co-OEC is able to operate in natural water at room tem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 1 (i.e. CMTM1), formerly termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 1 (i.e. CKLFSF1), has 23 known isoforms, the CMTM1-v1 to CMTM1-v23 proteins. Protein isoforms are variant products that are made by alternative splicing of a single gene. The gene for these isoforms, CMTM1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA encodes protein sequence by a series of three-nucleotide codons. Any given sequence of DNA can therefore be read in six different ways: Three reading frames in one direction (starting at different nucleotides) and three in the opposite direction. During transcription, the RNA polymerase read the template DNA strand... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sea salt is salt that is produced by the evaporation of seawater. It is used as a seasoning in foods, cooking, cosmetics and for preserving food. It is also called bay salt, solar salt, or simply salt. Like mined rock salt, production of sea salt has been dated to prehistoric times. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2017, the University of Maryland simulated an N-Body beam system to determine if recirculating ion-beams could reach fusion conditions. Models showed that the concept was fundamentally limited because it could not reach sufficient densities needed for fusion power. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carboxylic acids often have strong sour odours. Esters of carboxylic acids tend to have fruity, pleasant odours, and many are used in perfume. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A simple lipid is a fatty acid ester of different alcohols and carries no other substance. These lipids belong to a heterogeneous class of predominantly nonpolar compounds, mostly insoluble in water, but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as chloroform and benzene.
"Simple lipid" can refer to many different type... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some authors suggest the Le Bail technique exploits prior information more efficiently than Pawley method. This was an important consideration at the time of development when computing power was limited. Le Bail is also easily integrated into Rietveld analysis software, and is a part of a number of programs. Both meth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The economic importance of ultrapotassic rocks is wide and varied. Because kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres are all produced at depths of 120 km or greater, they are known to be a major source of diamond deposits and thus can bring diamonds to the surface as xenocrysts. Additionally, ultrapotassic granites are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite the low oxygen conditions, organisms have evolved to live in and around OMZs. For those organisms, like the vampire squid, special adaptations are needed to either make do with lesser amounts of oxygen or to extract oxygen from the water more efficiently. For example, the giant red mysid (Gnathophausia ingens)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry and physics, LIESST (Light-Induced Excited Spin-State Trapping) is a method of changing the electronic spin state of a compound by means of irradiation with light.
Many transition metal complexes with electronic configuration d-d are capable of spin crossover (and d when molecular symmetry is lower than O)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With recent attention toward climate change, global warming, and sustainability, there has been a new wave of research regarding the creation and sustainability of biodegradable products. This research has evolved to include the creation of biodegradable biofoams, with the intention to replace other foams that may be e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When determining the F chemical shifts of aromatic fluorine atoms, specifically phenyl fluorides, there is another equation that allows for an approximation. Adopted from "Structure Determination of Organic Compounds," this equation is:where Z is the SSCS value for a substituent in a given position relative to the fluo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A sacrificial coating forms a clear coat barrier over the wall or surface being protected. If the surface is vandalized the coating can be removed (sacrificed) using a high-pressure washer taking the graffiti with it. The coating then must be reapplied. The materials used to make a sacrificial coating are usually inex... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
IVF may be used to overcome female infertility when it is due to problems with the fallopian tubes, making in vivo fertilisation difficult. It can also assist in male infertility, in those cases where there is a defect in sperm quality; in such situations intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used, where a spe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paula Jefferson, head of Beachcroft LLP's Disease Group, said: "Any organisation involved in any activity in the future, where there is the potential for release of harmful substances in to the atmosphere, should ensure that they have taken all necessary steps to identify the potential contamination and to then ensure ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Leslie Orgel was born in London, England, on . He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in chemistry with first-class honours from the University of Oxford in 1948. In 1951 he was elected a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford and in 1953 was awarded his PhD in chemistry.
Orgel started his career as a theoretical inorgani... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular biology, the term double helix refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA. The double helical structure of a nucleic acid complex arises as a consequence of its secondary structure, and is a fundamental component in determining its tertiary structure. The struc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1,1’-Binaphthyl-2,2’-diol, or BINOL, has been used as chiral auxiliary for the asymmetric synthesis since 1983.
Hisashi Yamamoto first utilized (R)-BINOL as a chiral auxiliary in the asymmetric synthesis of limonene, which is an example of cyclic mono-terpenes. (R)-BINOL mononeryl ether was prepared by the monosilylati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first known use of metals in the Southern Levant is during the Chalcolithic period (end of 5th–most of the 4th millennium BCE). More than 500 metal objects were found, mainly in hoards, burials, and habitation
remains. Most of the metals originate from sites in the southern part of Israel and Jordan; very rarely do... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Blue carbon is defined by the IPCC as: "Biologically driven carbon fluxes and storage in marine systems that are amenable to management."
Another definition states: "Blue carbon refers to organic carbon that is captured and stored by the oceans and coastal ecosystems, particularly by vegetated coastal ecosystems: seagr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpene with the formula CH. It is a colourless oil, although impure samples appear yellow. It was originally obtained from shark liver oil (hence its name, as Squalus is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12% of bodily squalene in humans is found in sebum. Squalene has a role ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When disposed, PHBV degrades into carbon dioxide and water. PHBV undergo bacterial degradation. PHBV, just like fats to human, is an energy source to microorganisms. Enzymes produced by them degrade it and are consumed.
PHBV has a low thermal stability and the cleavage occurs at the ester bond by β elimination reaction... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The precise mechanism of action for thalidomide was not known until the twenty-first century, although efforts to identify thalidomide's teratogenic action generated more than 2,000 research papers and the proposal of 15 or 16 plausible mechanisms by 2000. The primary mechanism of action of thalidomide and its analogs ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lower division coursework in this field requires the student to take several laboratory-based classes in calculus-based physics, chemistry, biology, programming and analysis. This is intended to give the student background information in order to introduce them to the engineering fields and to prepare them for more te... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electron diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of electron beams due to elastic interactions with atoms. It occurs due to elastic scattering, when there is no change in the energy of the electrons. The negatively charged electrons are scattered due to Coulomb forces when t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Leiv Kristen Sydnes (born 9 July 1948) is a Norwegian chemist, specializing in organic chemistry.
He was born in Haugesund, and took his education at the University of Oslo. He has the dr.philos. degree from 1978. He was hired as an associate professor at the University of Tromsø in 1978, and was later promoted to prof... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbon dioxide () from air and bicarbonate () or carbonate () anions dissolved in water react with the calcium hydroxide (, portlandite) produced by Portland cement hydration in concrete to form calcium carbonate () while releasing a water molecule in the following reaction:
Exception made of the water molecule, the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, the Oseen equations (or Oseen flow) describe the flow of a viscous and incompressible fluid at small Reynolds numbers, as formulated by Carl Wilhelm Oseen in 1910. Oseen flow is an improved description of these flows, as compared to Stokes flow, with the (partial) inclusion of convective acceleration... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Homologous paired receptors are located in the same gene cluster and are thought to have evolved through gene duplication. Sequence features such as the presence of an ITIM-like sequence in the 3' untranslated region of some activating receptors imply that the activating members of the pair likely evolved from the inhi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The working fluid can be used to output useful work if used in a turbine. Also, in thermodynamic cycles energy may be input to the working fluid by means of a compressor. The mathematical formulation for this may be quite simple if we consider a cylinder in which a working fluid resides. A piston is used to input usefu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Nepenthes carnivorous pitcher, widespread in a lot of countries such as India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Australia, possesses a superhydrophilic surface, on which wetting angle approaches to zero to create uniform water film. Therefore, it increases the slipperiness of the surface and the prey slides off from its rim... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since all the A functional groups are from the trifunctional monomer, ρ = 1 and
Therefore, gelation occurs when
or when,
Similarly, gelation occurs when | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DSSCs are currently the most efficient third-generation (2005 Basic Research Solar Energy Utilization 16) solar technology available. Other thin-film technologies are typically between 5% and 13%, and traditional low-cost commercial silicon panels operate between 14% and 17%. This makes DSSCs attractive as a replacemen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Spin crossover (SCO) is a phenomenon that occurs in some metal complexes wherein the spin state of the complex changes due to an external stimulus. The stimuli can include temperature or pressure. Spin crossover is sometimes referred to as spin transition or spin equilibrium behavior. The change in spin state usually ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The original example proceeded via sequential loss of two equivalents of H from decamethyltungstocene dihydride, Cp*WH. The first dehydrogenation step affords a simple tuck-in complex:
:(CMe)WH → (CMe)(η-CMeCH)WH + H
The second dehydrogenation step affords a double tuck-in complex:
:(CMe)(η-CMeCH)WH → (CMe)(η-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Invented by and named for Alexander Dounce
, a Dounce homogenizer or "Douncer", is a cylindrical glass tube, closed at one end, with two glass pestles of carefully specified outer diameters, intended for the gentle homogenization of eukaryotic cells (e.g. mammalian cells). Dounce homogenizers are still commonly used to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mikhail Usanovich developed a general theory that does not restrict acidity to hydrogen-containing compounds, but his approach, published in 1938, was even more general than Lewis theory. Usanovich's theory can be summarized as defining an acid as anything that accepts negative species or donates positive ones, and a b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Each phycobiliprotein has a specific absorption and fluorescence emission maximum in the visible range of light. Therefore, their presence and the particular arrangement within the phycobilisomes allow absorption and unidirectional transfer of light energy to chlorophyll a of the photosystem II. In this way, the cells ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several metal consolidation techniques are used to produce the final product. Metal injection moulding (MIM) otherwise known as powder injection moulding is a well-established and cost-effective method of fabricating small-to-moderate size metal components in large quantities. It is derived from the method plastic inje... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biocatalysis makes use of biological compounds, ranging from isolated enzymes to living cells, to perform chemical transformations.
The advantages of these reagents include very high e.e.s and reagent specificity, as well as mild operating conditions and low environmental impact. Biocatalysts are more commonly used in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cobalt-containing Vitamin B (also known as cobalamin) catalyzes the transfer of methyl (−CH) groups between two molecules, which involves the breaking of C−C bonds, a process that is energetically expensive in organic reactions. The metal ion lowers the activation energy for the process by forming a transient Co−CH... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The elementary formula of a simple monosaccharide is CHO, where the integer n is at least 3 and rarely greater than 7. Simple monosaccharides may be named generically based on the number of carbon atoms n: trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, etc.
Every simple monosaccharide has an acyclic (open chain) form, which can... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polycrystalline silicon carbide (SiC) is the most commonly used emitter for burner TPVs. SiC is thermally stable to ~1700 °C. However, SiC radiates much of its energy in the long wavelength regime, far lower in energy than even the narrowest bandgap photovoltaic. Such radiation is not converted into electrical energy. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Real-time PCR technique can be classified by the chemistry used to detect the PCR product, specific or non-specific fluorochromes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
IR near-field scanning optical microscopy (IR-NSOM) is a powerful spectroscopic tool because it allows subwavelength resolution in IR spectroscopy. Previously, IR-NSOM was realized by applying a solid immersion lens with a refractive index of n, which shortens wavelength (λ) to (λ/n), compared to FTIR-based IR microsco... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Time-resolved mass spectrometry (TRMS) is a strategy in analytical chemistry that uses mass spectrometry platform to collect data with temporal resolution. Implementation of TRMS builds on the ability of mass spectrometers to process ions within sub-second duty cycles. It often requires the use of customized experiment... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dielectrophoresis can be used to manipulate, transport, separate and sort different types of particles. DEP is being applied in fields such as medical diagnostics, drug discovery, cell therapeutics, and particle filtration.
DEP has been also used in conjunction with semiconductor chip technology for the development of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photooxygenation reactions are easily confused with a number of processes baring similar names (i.e. photosensitized oxidation). Clear distinctions can be made based on three attributes: oxidation, the involvement of light, and the incorporation of molecular oxygen into the products: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Describing them to the French Academy of Sciences on 27 February 1896, he said:
But further experiments led him to doubt and then abandon this hypothesis. On 2 March 1896 he reported: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The separation of compounds is due to the differences in their attraction to the stationary phase and because of differences in solubility in the solvent. As a result, the compounds and the mobile phase compete for binding sites on the stationary phase. Different compounds in the sample mixture travel at different rate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The material matrix has a symmetry with respect to a given orthogonal transformation () if it does not change when subjected to that transformation.
For invariance of the material properties under such a transformation we require
Hence the condition for material symmetry is (using the definition of an orthogonal tra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brain cytoplasmic 200 long-noncoding RNA (or BC200 lncRNA) is a 200 nucleotide RNA transcript found predominantly in the brain with a primary function of regulating translation by inhibiting its initiation. As a long non-coding RNA, it belongs to a family of RNA transcripts that are not translated into protein (ncRNAs)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Butyric acid is metabolized by various human XM-ligases (ACSM1, ACSM2B, ASCM3, ACSM4, ACSM5, and ACSM6), also known as butyrate–CoA ligase. The metabolite produced by this reaction is butyryl–CoA, and is produced as follows:
:Adenosine triphosphate + butyric acid + coenzyme A → adenosine monophosphate + pyrophosphate +... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The basic principles of SNP array are the same as the DNA microarray. These are the convergence of DNA hybridization, fluorescence microscopy, and solid surface DNA capture. The three mandatory components of the SNP arrays are:
# An array containing immobilized allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes.
# Fragmented... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*1992 C E H Morris
*1991 Frank Fitzgerald
*1990 J S Pennington
*1989 Gerald R Heffernan
*1988 Sir R Scholey
*1987 Tae-Joon Park
*1986 J.R.D. Tata
*1985 Viscount E Davignon | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The greater part of the worlds peatlands occur in the northern hemisphere, encompassing both boreal and temperate regions. Global estimates indicate that northern peatlands cover 3,794,000 km2, storing about 450 Gt of C at a density of approximately 118,318 t C km−2 . Peatlands form in poorly drained areas under condit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Modular Cloning, or MoClo, is an assembly method introduced in 2011 by Ernst Weber et al., whereby using Type IIS restriction sites, the user can ligate at least six DNA parts together into a backbone in a one-pot reaction. It is a method based on Golden Gate Assembly, where Type IIS restriction enzymes cleave outside ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Kroll process was invented in 1940 by William J. Kroll in Luxembourg. After moving to the United States, Kroll further developed the method for the production of zirconium.
Many methods had been applied to the production of titanium metal, beginning with a report in 1887 by Nilsen and Pettersen using sodium, whic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Primary role of EpoR is to promote proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells and rescue erythroid progenitors from cell death. EpoR induced Jak2-Stat5 signaling, together with transcriptional factor GATA-1, induces the transcription of pro-survival protein Bcl-xL. Additionally, EpoR has been implicated in suppressing... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term friction loss (or frictional loss) has a number of different meanings, depending on its context.
* In fluid flow it is the head loss that occurs in a containment such as a pipe or duct due to the effect of the fluid's viscosity near the surface of the containment.
* In mechanical systems such as internal com... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These depend upon analysis of the "halo" of diffracted light produced when a laser beam passes through a dispersion of particles in air or in a liquid. The angle of diffraction increases as particle size decreases, so that this method is particularly good for measuring sizes between 0.1 and 3,000 μm. Advances in sophis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy (not to be confused with thermally stimulated depolarization current) is an experimental technique which is used to study energy levels in semiconductors or insulators (organic or inorganic). Energy levels are first filled either by optical or electrical injection usually... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Like other alchemists of the time, Brand searched for the "philosopher's stone", a substance which supposedly transformed base metals (like lead) into gold. By the time his first wife died he had exhausted her money on this pursuit. He then married his second wife Margaretha, a wealthy widow whose financial resources a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Examples of intermetallics through history include:
# Roman yellow brass, CuZn
# Chinese high tin bronze, CuSn
# Type metal, SbSn
# Chinese white copper, CuNi
German type metal is described as breaking like glass, not bending, softer than copper but more fusible than lead. The chemical formula does not agree with the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The process of separating mixtures of chemical compounds by passing them through a column that contains a solid stationary phase that was eluted with a mobile phase (column chromatography) was well known at that time. Chromatographic separation was considered to occur by an adsorption process whereby compounds adhered ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Vibration - either sinusoidal vibration or gyratory vibration.
**Sinusoidal Vibration occurs at an angled plane relative to the horizontal. The vibration is in a wave pattern determined by frequency and amplitude.
**Gyratory Vibration occurs at near level plane at low angles in a reciprocating side to side motion.
*G... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phytomining was first proposed in 1983 by Rufus Chaney, a USDA agronomist. He and Alan Baker, a University of Melbourne professor, first tested it in 1996. They, as well as Jay Scott Angle and Yin-Ming Li, filed a patent on the process in 1995 which expired in 2015. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
K. C. Nicolaous group successfully synthesized endiandric acid, 1, in 1982 as a test of Blacks biosynthetic conjecture, using a biomimetic strategy involving series of stereocontrolled electrocyclic reactions. Specifically, they observed that the natural products endiandric acids A and C could have arisen from a common... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)
* CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride)
* HDPE (high-density polyethylene)
* PB-1 (polybutylene)
* PE (polyethylene) of various densities, also abbreviated to LDPE, MDPE and HDPE (low, medium and high density polyethylene; the medium density version is at times referred to as "bl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In electromagnetism, Brillouin scattering (also known as Brillouin light scattering or BLS), named after Léon Brillouin, refers to the interaction of light with the material waves in a medium (e.g. electrostriction and magnetostriction). It is mediated by the refractive index dependence on the material properties of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane (known as Ruppert-Prakash reagent, TMSCF) is an organosilicon compound with the formula CFSi(CH). It is a colorless liquid. The compound is a reagent used in organic chemistry for the introduction of the trifluoromethyl group. The compound was first prepared in 1984 by Ingo Ruppert and f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dendrimers are highly ordered, branched polymeric molecules. Synonymous terms for dendrimer include arborols and cascade molecules. Typically, dendrimers are symmetric about the core, and often adopt a spherical three-dimensional morphology. The word dendron is also encountered frequently. A dendron usually contains a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A regular solution can also be described by Raoult's law modified with a Margules function with only one parameter :
where the Margules function is
Notice that the Margules function for each component contains the mole fraction of the other component. It can also be shown using the Gibbs-Duhem relation that if the firs... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carboxylation of the 2,3-enediolate results in the intermediate 3-keto-2-carboxyarabinitol-1,5-bisphosphate and Lys334 is positioned to facilitate the addition of the substrate as it replaces the third -coordinated water molecule and add directly to the enediol. No Michaelis complex is formed in this process. Hydratio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The biorheological approach applies in particular to molecular studies where changes of physical properties and conformation are investigated without reference to how the process actually takes place. Biorheological analyses include study of pathological processes through clinical research in the related fields of hemo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On a microscopic scale, conduction occurs within a body considered as being stationary; this means that the kinetic and potential energies of the bulk motion of the body are separately accounted for. Internal energy diffuses as rapidly moving or vibrating atoms and molecules interact with neighbouring particles, transf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Within the electrocoagulation reactor, several distinct electrochemical reactions are produced independently. These are:
* Seeding, resulting from the anode reduction of metal ions that become new centers for larger, stable, insoluble complexes that precipitate as complex metal ions.
* Emulsion Breaking, resulting from... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Ruhr Valley provided an excellent location for the German iron and steel industry because of the availability of raw materials, coal, transport, a skilled labor force, nearby markets, and an entrepreneurial spirit that led to the creation of many firms, often in close conjunction with coal mines. By 1850 the Ruhr h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sutherland and collaborators proposed a geochemical scenario to argue that cyanosulfidic synthesis was a plausible process on the early Earth. Their scenario starts following a meteorite impact leads to the production of HCN and phosphate. The meteorite fragments also supply the necessary sulfide for the reaction. As p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The convection–diffusion equation is a relatively simple equation describing flows, or alternatively, describing a stochastically-changing system. Therefore, the same or similar equation arises in many contexts unrelated to flows through space.
*It is formally identical to the Fokker–Planck equation for the velocity of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fausto de Elhuyar (11 October 1755 – 6 February 1833) was a Spanish chemist, and the first to isolate tungsten with his brother Juan José Elhuyar in 1783. He was in charge, under a King of Spain commission, of organizing the School of Mines in México City and so was responsible for building the Palacio de Minería, a st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From the commercial perspective, the most important phosphite salt is basic lead phosphite. Many salts containing the phosphite ion have been investigated structurally, these include sodium phosphite pentahydrate (NaHPO·5HO). (NH)HPO·HO, CuHPO·HO, SnHPO and Al(HPO)·4HO. The structure of is approximately tetrahedral.
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the best-known ironmasters of the early part of the industrial revolution was John Wilkinson (1728–1808), who was considered to have "iron madness", extending even to making cast iron coffins. Wilkinsons patented method for boring iron cylinders was first used to create cannons, but later provided the precision ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.