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In addition to LaNi, there are other alloys such as LaNi, LaNi, LaNi, LaNi, LaNi, and LaNi, and nonstoichiometric alloys such as LaNi (tetragonal, space group I4̄2m). The nickel atoms in LaNi can also be replaced by other atoms, such as LaNiCo. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sample (fruits, vegetables, tobacco, etc.) is homogenized and centrifuged with a reagent and agitated for 1 minute. The reagents used depend on the type of sample to be analyzed. Following this, the sample is put through a dispersive solid phase extraction cleanup prior to analysis by gas-liquid chromatography or l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Certain gases, when mixed with dry water, combine with the water, which then traps them in a solid clathrate hydrate cage. This presents the possibility that explosive gases could be transported in dry water with a reduced risk of detonation. Dry water is currently being considered for use as a carbon sequestration age... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Energy accounting is a system used to measure, analyze and report the energy consumption of different activities on a regular basis. This is done to improve energy efficiency, and to monitor the environment impact of energy consumption. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This derivation is a slight simplification of Curzon & Ahlborn.
Consider a heat engine, with a single working fluid cycling around the engine. On one side, the working fluid has temperature , and is in direct contact with the hot heat bath. On the other side, it has temperature , and is in direct contact with the cold ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chromatography substances are separated by partition between a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The analyte is dissolved in the mobile phase, and passes over the stationary phase. Separation occurs because of differing affinities of the analytes for the stationary phase. A distribution constant, K can be defined... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For vessels which are not symmetric about the center (for example rectangular vessel), the problem involves solving a nonlinear partial differential equation instead of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, which can be solved only through numerical methods in most cases. The equation is
with boundary condition ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Levonorgestrel is a progestogen with weak androgenic activity. It has no other important hormonal activity, including no estrogenic, glucocorticoid, or antimineralocorticoid activity. The lack of significant mineralocorticoid or antimineralocorticoid activity with levonorgestrel is in spite of it having relatively high... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxidative addition is the main route to metal boryl complexes. Both B-H and B-B bonds add to low-valent metal complexes. For example, catecholborane oxidatively adds to Pt(0) to give the boryl hydride.
:CHOBH + Pt(PR) → CHOB Pt(PR)H
Addition of diboron tetrafluoride to Vaska's complex gives the triboryl iridium(III... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Melt spinning is used to manufacture thin metal sheets or ribbons that are near amorphous or non-crystalline. The unique resulting electric and magnetic properties of melt-spun metals are a consequence of this structure as well as the composition of the alloy or metal that was used to form the ribbon. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrological models are simplified, conceptual representations of a part of the hydrologic cycle. They are primarily used for hydrological prediction and for understanding hydrological processes, within the general field of scientific modeling. Two major types of hydrological models can be distinguished:
* Models based... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stevens' research has contributed to understanding how changes in the levels of nitrogen compounds in the soil, deposited from the atmosphere, have had significant effects on the composition of the UK flora. This has shown that the number of different species of plants present is reduced as soils receive more inorganic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, SEC is considered a low-resolution chromatography as it does not discern similar species very well, and is therefore often reserved for the final step of a purification. The technique can determine the quaternary structure of purified proteins that have slow exchange times, since it can be carried out under... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As studied mainly on cisplatin, but presumably for other members as well, platinum-based antineoplastic agents cause crosslinking of DNA as monoadduct, interstrand crosslinks, intrastrand crosslinks or DNA protein crosslinks. Mostly they act on the adjacent N-7 position of guanine, forming a 1, 2 intrastrand crosslink.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An Extraordinary General Meeting was held on 27 March 1906, under the direction of president Edward Divers and secretary C. G. Cresswell, to discuss a motion to apply for incorporation under a royal charter. The resolution was formally proposed by Sir (Thomas) Boverton Redwood. After some discussion, the motion was una... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nitric acid is a corrosive acid and a powerful oxidizing agent. The major hazard posed by it is chemical burns, as it carries out acid hydrolysis with proteins (amide) and fats (ester), which consequently decomposes living tissue (e.g. skin and flesh). Concentrated nitric acid stains human skin yellow due to its reacti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite the widespread classification of genes as either structural or regulatory, these categories are not an absolute division. Recent genetic discoveries call into question the distinction between regulatory and structural genes.
The distinction between regulatory and structural genes can be attributed to the origin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The final peptide is often modified, e.g., by glycosylation, acylation, halogenation, or hydroxylation. The responsible enzymes are usually associated to the synthetase complex and their genes are organized in the same operons or gene clusters. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic and physical organic chemistry, Clars rule is an empirical rule that relates the chemical stability of a molecule with its aromaticity. It was introduced in 1972 by the Austrian organic chemist Erich Clar in his book The Aromatic Sextet'. The rule states that given a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, the r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
5-Diphosphomevalonic acid (or mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate, or 5-pyrophosphomevalonate) is an intermediate in the mevalonate pathway. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The idea of interstitial compounds was started in the late 1930s and they are often called Hagg phases after Hägg. Transition metals generally crystallise in either the hexagonal close packed or face centered cubic structures, both of which can be considered to be made up of layers of hexagonally close packed atoms. In... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1953, Strassmann gave up the directorship, choosing instead to focus on his research and scholarship at the University of Mainz. He succeeded in building up the departments capabilities, and he worked directly with students. Strassmann began these undertakings at the University of Mainz with a few scattered rooms an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He was born at High Close Hall near Plumbland, the son of local gentry, George Brownrigg. William's mother, Mary Brownrigg, was from Ireland.
William was educated in Latin and Greek by a local clergyman from the age of 13 and by the age of 15 was an apprentice to an apothecary in Carlisle. Then followed two years study... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemistry determines the optimum relationship between the fuel and the material, among other variables. The reverberatory furnace can be contrasted on the one hand with the blast furnace, in which fuel and material are mixed in a single chamber, and, on the other hand, with crucible, muffling, or retort furnaces, in w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Different phases of digestion take place including: the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase.
The cephalic phase occurs at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the cerebral cortex. Taste and smell stimuli are sent to the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. After this it is routed through... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pure Togni reagent II is metastable at room temperature. Heating it above the melting point will lead to strong exothermic decomposition, in which trifluoroiodomethane (CFI) is released. The heat of composition at a temperature of 149 °C and higher has been determined to be 502 J·g. From recrystallization in acetonitri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Fermi function that appears in the beta spectrum formula accounts for the Coulomb attraction / repulsion between the emitted beta and the final state nucleus. Approximating the associated wavefunctions to be spherically symmetric, the Fermi function can be analytically calculated to be:
where is the final momentum... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Under the free electron model, the electrons in a metal can be considered to form a uniform Fermi gas. The number density of conduction electrons in metals ranges between approximately 10 and 10 electrons per m, which is also the typical density of atoms in ordinary solid matter. This number density produces a Fermi e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A frequency comb or spectral comb is a spectrum made of discrete and regularly spaced spectral lines.
In optics, a frequency comb can be generated by certain laser sources.
A number of mechanisms exist for obtaining an optical frequency comb, including periodic modulation (in amplitude and/or phase) of a continuous-wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Core histones are four proteins called H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 and they are all found in equal parts in the cell. All four of the core histone amino acid sequences contain between 20 and 24% of lysine and arginine and the size or the protein ranges between 11400 and 15400 daltons, making them relatively small, yet highly ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A noble metal is ordinarily regarded as a metallic chemical element that is generally resistant to corrosion and is usually found in nature in its raw form. Gold, platinum, and the other platinum group metals (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium) are most often so classified. Silver, copper, and mercury are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While the number of possible nuclear reactions is immense, there are several types that are more common, or otherwise notable. Some examples include:
*Fusion reactions – two light nuclei join to form a heavier one, with additional particles (usually protons or neutrons) emitted subsequently.
*Spallation – a nucleus is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Inside eukaryotic cells, there is a balance between the processes of translation and mRNA decay. Messages that are being actively translated are bound by ribosomes, the eukaryotic initiation factors eIF-4E and eIF-4G, and poly(A)-binding protein. eIF-4E and eIF-4G block the decapping enzyme (DCP2), and poly(A)-binding ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DBT has been shown to physically interact with PER in vitro and in vivo, and to create a stable complex with PER throughout the circadian cycle. PER that has been phosphorylated by DBT is recognized by the Slimb protein. Slimb is a component of the Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex, which marks p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aluminium smelting is highly energy intensive, and in some countries is economical only if there are inexpensive sources of electricity. In some countries, smelters are given exemptions to energy policy like renewable energy targets.
To reduce the energy cost of the smelting process, alternative electrolytes such as Na... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The known cases up to 2015 are discussed in a review article by Bučar, Lancaster, and Bernstein.
Dibenzoxazepines
Multidisciplinary studies involving experimental and computational approaches were applied to pharmaceutical molecules to facilitate the comparison of their solid-state structures. Specifically, this study ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrocatalysis for CO reduction is not practiced commercially but remains a topic of research. The reduction of CO into useable products is a potential way to combat climate change. Electrocatalysts can promote the reduction of carbon dioxide into methanol and other useful fuel and stock chemicals. The most valuable ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Organoids offer researchers an exceptional model to study developmental biology. Since the identification of pluripotent stem cells, there have been great advancements in directing pluripotent stem cells fate in vitro using 2D cultures. These advancements in PSC fate direction, coupled with the advancements in 3D cultu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) transistors are used in the RF power amplifiers for cell phones and wireless communicating. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some, but not all, carboxypeptidases are initially produced in an inactive form; this precursor form is referred to as a procarboxypeptidase. In the case of pancreatic carboxypeptidase A, the inactive zymogen form - pro-carboxypeptidase A - is converted to its active form - carboxypeptidase A - by the enzyme trypsin. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to perform a dynamic simulation with such a network it is necessary to construct an ordinary differential equation
system that describes the rates of change in each metabolite's concentration or amount. To this end, a rate law, i.e., a kinetic equation that determines the rate of reaction based on the concentr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The city of Toronto approved a by-law in May 2009 mandating green roofs on residential and industrial buildings. There is criticism from Green Roofs for Healthy Cities that the new laws are not stringent enough, since they will only apply to residential building that are a minimum of six stories high. By 31 January 20... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paired receptors are membrane proteins with extracellular domains that interact with extracellular ligands. The extracellular region may contain multiple repeating protein domains and may be members of either the immunoglobulin or C-type lectin families. The extracellular domains of homologous paired receptors are typi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
All enzyme assays measure either the consumption of substrate or production of product over time. A large number of different methods of measuring the concentrations of substrates and products exist and many enzymes can be assayed in several different ways. Biochemists usually study enzyme-catalysed reactions using fou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pore formation following ultrasound application was first reported in 1999 in a study that observed cell membrane craters following ultrasound application at 255 kHz. Later, sonoporation mediated microinjection of dextran molecules showed that membrane permeability mechanisms differ depending on the size of dextran mol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NOEs are sensitive to interatomic distances, allowing their usage as a conformational probe, or proof of a glycoside bond formation. It's a common practice to compare calculated to experimental proton-proton NOEs in oligosaccharides to confirm a theoretical conformational map. Calculation of NOEs implies an optimizatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Shamoo currently resides in Columbia, MD with his wife and occasional co-author, Bonnie Bricker; his daughter, and stepdaughter. He has two sons and another stepdaughter who also all reside in the Washington Metropolitan Area. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If soap bubbles are blown into air that is below a temperature of , they will freeze when they touch a surface. The air inside will gradually diffuse out, causing the bubble to crumble under its own weight. At temperatures below about , bubbles will freeze in the air and may shatter when hitting the ground. When a bub... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most photosynthetic, oxygen-producing organisms contain the positive chlorophyll biosynthesis regulator GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4 (GUN4). Research suggests that GUN4 regulates chlorophyll synthesis, by activating the enzyme Magnesium chelatase, which catalyzes the insertion of Mg into Protoporphyrin IX. Bilins noncovalently ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photopharmacology is an emerging multidisciplinary field that combines photochemistry and pharmacology. Built upon the ability of light to change the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bioactive molecules, it aims at regulating the activity of drugs in vivo by using light. The light-based modulation is achieved b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chibaite is a rare silicate mineral. It is a silica clathrate with formula (n = 3/17 (max)). The mineral is cubic (diploidal class, m) and the silica hosts or traps various hydrocarbon molecules, such as methane, ethane, propane and isobutane.
Chibaite was first described for specimens collected from Arakawa, Minamibō... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oligomer Restriction (abbreviated OR) is a procedure to detect an altered DNA sequence in a genome. A labeled oligonucleotide probe is hybridized to a target DNA, and then treated with a restriction enzyme. If the probe exactly matches the target, the restriction enzyme will cleave the probe, changing its size. If, how... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Streaming currents in well-defined geometries are a sensitive method to characterize the zeta potential of surfaces, which is important in the fields of colloid and interface science. In geology, measurements of related spontaneous potential are used for evaluations of formations. Streaming potential has to be consider... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term polyol is used for various chemistries of the molecular backbone. Polyols may be reacted with diisocyanates or polyisocyanates to produce polyurethanes. MDI finds considerable use in PU foam production. Polyurethanes are used to make flexible foam for mattresses and seating, rigid foam insulation for refrigera... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For equibiaxial extension in the and directions, the principal stretches are . From incompressibility . Hence .
Therefore,
The left Cauchy–Green deformation tensor can then be expressed as
If the directions of the principal stretches are oriented with the coordinate basis vectors, we have
The engineering strain is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a report by the Nordic Council of Ministers, the total annual health-related costs associated with human exposure to PFASs were estimated to be at least €52–84 billion in the European Economic Area (EEA) countries. Aggregated annual costs covering environmental screening, monitoring where contamination is found, wat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A bypass transition is a laminar–turbulent transition in a fluid flow over a surface. It occurs when a laminar boundary layer transitions to a turbulent one through some secondary instability mode, bypassing some of the pre-transitional events that typically occur in a natural laminar–turbulent transition. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From 1993 to 2007, the cDNA library was maintained by the IMAGE Consortium, a joint effort of four academic groups led by Drs. Greg Lennon, Charles Auffray, Mihael Polymeropoulos, and Marcelo Bento Soares. At the end of 2007, the consortium handed over operations and stocks to a company associated with Open Biosystems. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ste5 is involved in the following biological processes:
*Invasive growth in response to glucose limitation
*Negative regulation of the MAPK cascade
*Pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
*Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
*Regulation of RNA-mediated transposit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flory–Stockmayer theory is a theory governing the cross-linking and gelation of step-growth polymers. The Flory–Stockmayer theory represents an advancement from the Carothers equation, allowing for the identification of the gel point for polymer synthesis not at stoichiometric balance. The theory was initially conceptu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It may be necessary to repair a concrete structure following damage (e.g. due to age, chemical attack, fire, impact, movement or reinforcement corrosion). Strengthening may be necessary if the structure is weakened (e.g. due to design or construction errors, excessive loading, or because of a change of use). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
YeTFaSCo (The Yeast Transcription Factor Specificity Compendium) is a database of transcription factors for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Applications:
* The rotary filter is most suitable for continuous operation on large quantities of slurry.
* If the slurry contains considerable amount of solids, that is, in the range of 15-30%.
* Examples of pharmaceutical applications include the collection of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and starch.
* The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CDAs are used with NMR spectroscopic analysis to determine enantiomeric excess and the absolute configuration of a substrate. Chiral discriminating agents are sometimes difficult to distinguish from chiral solvating agents (CSA) and some agents can be used as both. The speed of the exchange between the substrate and th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Significant progress in chemical shift prediction has been made through continuous improvements in our understanding of the key physico-chemical factors contributing to chemical shift changes. These improvements have also been helped along through significant computational advancements
and the rapid expansion of bio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sintering is generally considered successful when the process reduces porosity and enhances properties such as strength, electrical conductivity, translucency and thermal conductivity. In some special cases, sintering is carefully applied to enhance the strength of a material while preserving porosity (e.g. in filters ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Malaria and vitamin A deficiency are both common among young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Vitamin A supplementation to children in regions where vitamin A deficiency is common has repeatedly been shown to reduce overall mortality rates, especially from measles and diarrhea. For malaria, clinical trial results are mi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Time resolved crystallography utilizes X-ray crystallography imaging to visualize reactions in four dimensions (x, y, z and time). This enables the studies of dynamical changes that occur in for example enzymes during their catalysis. The time dimension is incorporated by triggering the reaction of interest in the crys... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Heterotopic groups are those that when substituted are structurally different. They are neither diastereotopic or enantiotopic nor homotopic. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many mechanically interlocked molecules have been studied to construct molecular machines. Because the molecules are linked by mechanical bonds instead of conventional covalent bonds, a component can move (shuttle) or rotate around the other parent component, which results in the large amount of freedom of mechanically... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Closing methods can be categorized into two principal groups: gradual closures and sudden closures. Within gradual closures, four distinct methods are identified: horizontal closure without a significant sill (a), vertical closure (b), horizontal closure with a sill (c), and sand closures. Sand closures further differe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fecal sludge management refers to the storage, collection, transport, treatment, and safe end use or disposal of fecal sludge. Collectively, the collection, transport, treatment and end use or reuse of excreta constitute the "value chain" of fecal sludge management. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless quantity that is commonly used in fluid dynamics and engineering. Originally described by George Gabriel Stokes in 1850, it became popularized by Osborne Reynolds after whom the concept was named by Arnold Sommerfeld in 1908. The Reynolds number is calculated as:
The value ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This can be the case when studying a bimolecular reaction and a simultaneous hydrolysis (which can be treated as pseudo order one) takes place: the hydrolysis complicates the study of the reaction kinetics, because some reactant is being "spent" in a parallel reaction. For example, A reacts with R to give our product C... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Body composition may be analyzed in various ways. This can be done in terms of the chemical elements present, or by molecular structure e.g., water, protein, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA. In terms of tissue type, the body may be analyzed into water, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*A helper strain, carrying a conjugative plasmid (such as the F-plasmid) that codes for genes required for conjugation and DNA transfer.
*A donor strain, carrying a mobilizable plasmid that can utilize the transfer functions of the conjugative plasmid.
*A recipient strain, you wish to introduce the mobilizable plasmid ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An advantage is silent operation, with none of the fan noise of current resistive grid designs.
Disadvantages include:
* corrosion to the copper connection cables and to the wire rope
* lack of insulation from ground which may trip a ground detection system | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As T-RFLP is a fingerprinting technique its advantages and drawbacks are often discussed in comparison with other similar techniques, mostly DGGE. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Though hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation may be an effective treatment for obesity apart from calorie restriction, one systematic review found no association of supplementation with body weight or fat mass. A 2016 meta-analysis found that circulating vitamin D status was improved by weight loss, indicating th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Butler studied at Reed College, graduating in 1977. She started in immunology, but moved into chemistry to work with transition metals. She worked with Professor Tom Dunne on An intramolecular electron transfer study: the reduction of pyrazinepentaaminecobalt (III) by chromium (II). She earned her PhD at University of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AFPs create a difference between the melting point and freezing point (busting temperature of AFP bound ice crystal) known as thermal hysteresis. The addition of AFPs at the interface between solid ice and liquid water inhibits the thermodynamically favored growth of the ice crystal. Ice growth is kinetically inhibit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton produced works exploring chronology, and biblical interpretation (especially of the Apocalypse), and alchemy. Some of this could be considered occult. Newtons scientific work may have been of lesser personal importance to him, as he placed emphasis on rediscovering the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soldering is a joining process that occurs at temperatures below . It is similar to brazing in the way that a filler is melted and drawn into a capillary to form a joint, although at a lower temperature. Because of this lower temperature and different alloys used as fillers, the metallurgical reaction between filler an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As a hybrid technique, GISAS combines concepts from transmission small-angle scattering (SAS), from grazing-incidence diffraction (GID), and from diffuse reflectometry. From SAS it uses the form factors and structure factors. From GID it uses the scattering geometry close to the critical angles of substrate and film, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Indoor tanning is most popular with white females, 16–25 years old, with low-to-moderate skin sensitivity, who know other tanners. Studies seeking to link indoor tanning to education level and income have returned inconsistent results. Prevalence was highest in one German study among those with a moderate level of educ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular hydrogen, H, contains two different spin isomers, para-hydrogen and ortho-hydrogen, with a ratio of 25:75 at room temperature. Creating para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) means that this ratio is increased, in other words that para-hydrogen is enriched. This can be accomplished by cooling hydrogen gas ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ASF/SF2 has been shown to interact with:
* CDC5L,
* CLK1,
* PSIP1,
* SFRS2,
* SRPK1,
* SRPK2,
* TOP1,
* U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1, and
* snRNP70. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ferric iron () is a widespread anaerobic terminal electron acceptor both for autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms. Electron flow in these organisms is similar to those in electron transport, ending in oxygen or nitrate, except that in ferric iron-reducing organisms the final enzyme in this system is a ferric iron r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dallol mountain has an area of about , and rises about above the surrounding salt plains. A circular depression near the centre is probably a collapsed crater. The southwestern slopes have water-eroded salt canyons, pillars, and blocks. There are numerous saline springs and fields of small fumaroles.
Numerous hot spri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ørsted was born in Rudkøbing in 1777. As a young boy he developed an interest in science while working for his father, who was a pharmacist in the towns pharmacy. He and his brother Anders received most of their early education through self-study at home, going to Copenhagen in 1793 to take entrance exams for the Unive... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Valves vary widely in form and application. Sizes typically range from 0.1 mm to 60 cm. Special valves can have a diameter exceeding 5 meters.
Valve costs range from simple inexpensive disposable valves to specialized valves which cost thousands of dollars (US) per inch of the diameter of the valve.
Disposable valves m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Similar assays can be performed for research purposes, detecting concentrations of potential clinical candidates like anti-fungal and asthma drugs. This technique is obviously useful in observing multiple species in collected samples, as well, but requires the use of standard solutions when information about species id... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Racemic Photo-Methionine is synthesized from 4,4'-azi-pentanal by the Strecker amino acid synthesis. The enantiomer is separated by enzymatic resolution of the acetamide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The same reaction can be described with the GEBIK and GEBIF equations under the BFEI and QSS approximations as
where has been substituted with because the rate
constants in the third reaction have been assumed to equal those
of the second reaction. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The amount of light transmitted through a material diminishes exponentially as it travels through the material, according to the Beer–Lambert law (). Since the absorbance of a sample is measured as a logarithm, it is directly proportional to the thickness of the sample and to the concentration of the absorbing material... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While the secretion of glucocorticoids in response to stressful stimuli is an adaptive response necessary for an organism to respond appropriately to a stressor, persistent secretion may be harmful. The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in the habituation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polyrotaxane is a type of mechanically interlocked molecule consisting of strings and rings, in which multiple rings are threaded onto a molecular axle and prevented from dethreading by two bulky end groups. As oligomeric or polymeric species of rotaxanes, polyrotaxanes are also capable of converting energy input to mo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The van der Waals binding energy can be analyzed by another simple physical picture: modeling the motion of an electron around its nucleus by a three-dimensional simple harmonic oscillator with a potential energy V:
where m and ω are the mass and vibrational frequency of the electron, respectively.
As this atom a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular tweezers, and molecular clips, are host molecules with open cavities capable of binding guest molecules. The open cavity of the molecular tweezers may bind guests using non-covalent bonding, which includes hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, π–π interactions, and/o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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