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An equation of state (for gases) is a mathematical model used to roughly describe or predict the state properties of a gas. At present, there is no single equation of state that accurately predicts the properties of all gases under all conditions. Therefore, a number of much more accurate equations of state have been d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The European Association of Geochemistry (EAG) is a pan-European organization founded to promotes geochemical research. The EAG organizes conferences, meetings and educational courses for geochemists in Europe, including the Goldschmidt Conference which it co-sponsors with the North American Geochemical Society. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1925, a study on the phenomena of oxidation and reaeration in the Ohio River in the US was published by the sanitary engineer, Harold Warner Streeter and the consultant, Earle Bernard Phelps (1876–1953). The study was based on data obtained from May 1914 to April 1915 by the United States Public Health Service under... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The operation of the diamond anvil cell relies on a simple principle:
where is the pressure, the applied force, and the area. Typical culet sizes for diamond anvils are 100–250 micrometres (µm), such that a very high pressure is achieved by applying a moderate force on a sample with a small area, rather than applyin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An innovative use of the diamond anvil cell is testing the sustainability and durability of life under high pressures, including the search for life on extrasolar planets. Testing portions of the theory of panspermia (a form of interstellar travel) is one application of DAC. When interstellar objects containing life-fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Aza-Cope rearrangement
*Beckmann rearrangement
*Duff reaction
*Mannich reaction
*Pictet-Spengler reaction
*Stephen aldehyde synthesis
*Stork enamine alkylation
*Vilsmeier-Haack reaction and Vilsmeier reagent | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Galvanic corrosion (also called bimetallic corrosion) is an electrochemical process in which one metal (more active one) corrodes preferentially when it is in electrical contact with another dissimilar metal, in the presence of an electrolyte. A similar galvanic reaction is exploited in primary cells to generate a usef... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reynolds transport theorem can be expressed as follows:
in which is the outward-pointing unit normal vector, is a point in the region and is the variable of integration, and are volume and surface elements at , and is the velocity of the area element (not the flow velocity). The function may be tensor-, vector- ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calmodulin is an example of a signal-transduction protein. It is a small protein that contains four EF-hand motifs, each of which is able to bind a Ca ion.
In an EF-hand loop protein domain, the calcium ion is coordinated in a pentagonal bipyramidal configuration. Six glutamic acid and aspartic acid residues involved i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neuropeptidergic means "related to neuropeptides".
A neuropeptidergic agent (or drug) is a chemical which functions to directly modulate the neuropeptide systems in the body or brain. An example is opioidergics. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*On 2 August 1970, three people aboard the BC Ferry Queen of Victoria perished and the ship itself suffered close to $1 million damage when a Russian freighter, the Sergey Yesenin, struck it in Active Pass.
*On 9 August 1979, the BC Ferry Queen of Alberni ran aground at Collinson Reef in Active Pass, causing the vessel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cascade impactors – particulate matter is withdrawn isokinetically from a source and segregated by size in a cascade impactor at the sampling point exhaust conditions of temperature, pressure, etc. Cascade impactors use the principle of inertial separation to size segregate particle samples from a particle laden gas st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The clipping method is similar to the capping reaction except that in this case the dumbbell shaped molecule is complete and is bound to a partial macrocycle. The partial macrocycle then undergoes a ring closing reaction around the dumbbell-shaped molecule, forming the rotaxane. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another ancient idea dating back to Anaxagoras in the 5th century BC is panspermia, the idea that life exists throughout the universe, distributed by meteoroids, asteroids, comets and planetoids. It does not attempt to explain how life originated in itself, but shifts the origin of life on Earth to another heavenly bod... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He worked as a chemist for the Clinton Laboratories (now Oak Ridge National Laboratory) during the World War II Manhattan Project, engaged in separating, identifying and characterizing the radioactive elements produced by nuclear fission. In 1945, he, together with Jacob A. Marinsky and Charles D. Coryell, isolated the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To achieve these objectives, the Association will make use, amongst others, of the following activities:
* Organisation of scientific and technical seminars and of international meetings between members and with other actors within the sector
* Production of statistical, scientific and legal studies for the benefit of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Publications from the International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (EBC) ventilation-related research projects-annexes:
**[https://www.iea-ebc.org/projects/project?AnnexID=9 EBC Annex 9 Minimum Ventilation Rates]
**[https://www.iea-ebc.org/projects/project?AnnexID=18 EBC Annex 18 Dem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oriented Line Integral Convolution (OLIC)
* Fast Rendering of Oriented Line Integral Convolution ( FROLIC) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Heart muscle primarily metabolizes fat for energy and Acyl-CoA metabolism has been identified as a critical molecule in early stage heart muscle pump failure.
Cellular acyl-CoA content correlates with insulin resistance, suggesting that it can mediate lipotoxicity in non-adipose tissues. Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The valley of stability can be helpful in interpreting and understanding properties of nuclear decay processes such as decay chains and nuclear fission.
Radioactive decay often proceeds via a sequence of steps known as a decay chain. For example, U decays to Th which decays to Pa and so on, eventually reaching Pb:
With... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The LIFT fast repetition rate (FRR) fluorescence technique is a method for measuring plant fluorescence. It uses a series of short bursts of blue light pulses from a LED to excite photosystem II in the plant. When the quinone acceptor A (Q) reaches its capacity for binding electrons, the system becomes saturated and co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Intermolecular forces are repulsive at short distances and attractive at long distances (see the Lennard-Jones potential). In a gas, the repulsive force chiefly has the effect of keeping two molecules from occupying the same volume. This gives a real gas a tendency to occupy a larger volume than an ideal gas at the sam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Duplex sequencing is a new method and its efficiency was studied in limited applications such as detecting point mutations using targeted capture sequencing. More studies need to be performed to expand the application and feasibility of duplex sequencing to more complex samples with larger numbers of mutations, indels,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Siddiquis first breakthrough in research came when he successfully isolated an antiarrhythmic agent in 1931 from the roots of Rauvolfia serpentina. He named the newly discovered chemical compound as Ajmaline, after his mentor Hakim Ajmal Khan who was one of the illustrious practitioners of Unani system of medicine in S... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In metallurgy, selective leaching, also called dealloying, demetalification, parting and selective corrosion, is a corrosion type in some solid solution alloys, when in suitable conditions a component of the alloys is preferentially leached from the initially homogenous material. The less noble metal is removed from th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2018, the atmospheric concentration of CFC-11 was noted by researchers to be declining more slowly than expected, and it subsequently emerged that it remains in widespread use as a blowing agent for polyurethane foam insulation in the construction industry of China. In 2021, researchers announced that emissions dec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the early 1930s, 90 percent of the urban population of the United States had electric power, in comparison to only 10 percent of rural homes. At the time, power companies did not feel that extending power to rural areas (rural electrification) would produce enough profit to make it worth their while. However, in the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyanobacterial CCMs are similar in principle to those found in eukaryotic algae and hornworts, but the compartment into which carbon dioxide is concentrated has several structural differences. Instead of the pyrenoid, cyanobacteria contain carboxysomes, which have a protein shell, and linker proteins packing RuBisCO in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bartter syndrome, infantile, with sensorineural deafness (Barttin), also known as BSND, is a human gene which is associated with Bartter syndrome.
This gene encodes an essential beta subunit for CLC chloride channels. These heteromeric channels localize to basolateral membranes of renal tubules and of potassium-secreti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phenolphthalein can be synthesized by condensation of phthalic anhydride with two equivalents of phenol under acidic conditions. It was discovered in 1871 by Adolf von Baeyer.
The reaction can also be catalyzed by a mixture of zinc chloride and thionyl chloride. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*[https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1699 The Papers of Alfred Maddock] held at the Churchill Archives Centre
* ; from the Periodic Videos series, dated 5 September 2008; in which Professor Sir Martyn Poliakoff, who studied under Maddock, recounts the laboratory bench anecdote. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Bradford assay is linear over a short range, typically from 0 µg/mL to 2000 µg/mL, often making dilutions of a sample necessary before analysis. In making these dilutions, error in one dilution is compounded in further dilutions resulting in a linear relationship that may not always be accurate.
Basic conditions an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As the compound contains the peroxydisulfate ion as the counter anion, this compound should be treated as an explosive even though its explosive properties were not well established. The complex also releases tiny amounts of pyridine vapor which is a possible carcinogen. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A variety of substituted derivatives of phen have been examined as ligands. Substituents at the 2,9 positions confer protection for the attached metal, inhibiting the binding of multiple equivalents of the phenanthroline. Such bulky ligands also favor trigonal or tetrahedral coordination at the metal. Phen itself for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Back pressure is the term used for the hydraulic pressure required to create a flow through a chromatography column in high-performance liquid chromatography, the term deriving from the fact that it is generated by the resistance of the column, and exerts its influence backwards on the pump that must supply the flow. B... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Titanium and titanium alloys have been wide usage in aerospace, medical, and maritime applications. The most known titanium alloy that adopts solid solution strengthening is Ti-6Al-4V. Also, the addition of oxygen to pure Ti alloy adopts a solid solution strengthening as a mechanism to the material, while adding it to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A chemical clock (or clock reaction) is a complex mixture of reacting chemical compounds in which the onset of an observable property (discoloration or coloration) occurs after a predictable induction time due to the presence of clock species at a detectable amount.
In cases where one of the reagents has a visible col... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
BMP is a panel of tests that measures eight analytes in the bloods fluid portion (plasma). The results of the BMP provide valuable information about a patients kidney function, blood sugar level, electrolyte levels, and the acid-base balance. Abnormal changes in one or more of these analytes can be a sign of serious he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the Southern Ocean, the use of relative wind stress is important because eddies are crucial in the Antarctic Circumpolar Circulation, and the damping of these eddies with relative wind stress will affect the overturning circulation. The Residual Meridional Overturning Circulation (RMOC), is a streamfunction that qua... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The histidine phosphotransfer function can be carried out by proteins with at least two different architectures, both composed of a four-helix bundle but differing in the way the bundle is assembled. Most structurally characterized HPt proteins, such as the Hpt domain from the Escherichia coli protein ArcB and the Sacc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Firefly luciferin is the luciferin found in many Lampyridae species. It is the substrate of beetle luciferases (EC 1.13.12.7) responsible for the characteristic yellow light emission from fireflies, though can cross-react to produce light with related enzymes from non-luminous species. The chemistry is unusual, as aden... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Woven wire cloth, typically produced from stainless steel, is commonly employed as a filtration medium for sieving in a wide range of industries. Most often woven with a plain weave, or a twill weave for the lightest of meshes, apertures can be produced from a few microns upwards (e.g. 25 microns), employing wires with... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Add master mix which contains buffer, dNTP mix, MgCl, Taq polymerase and nuclease-free water to each PCR tube. Then add the necessary primer to the tubes. Next, place the PCR tubes in a thermal cycler for 30 cycles of the amplification program. This includes: denaturation, annealing, and elongation. The products of RT-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sanitary sewers evolved from combined sewers built where water was plentiful. Animal feces accumulated on city streets while animal-powered transport moved people and goods. Accumulations of animal feces encouraged dumping chamber pots into streets where night soil collection was impractical. Combined sewers were built... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term GM ("genetically modified") is often used as a synonym of transgenic to refer to plants modified using recombinant DNA technologies. Plants with transgenic/GM disease resistance against insect pests have been extremely successful as commercial products, especially in maize and cotton, and are planted annually ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A galactosylceramide, or galactocerebroside is a type of cerebroside consisting of a ceramide with a galactose residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety.
The galactose is cleaved by galactosylceramidase.
Galactosylceramide is a marker for oligodendrocytes in the brain, whether or not they form myelin. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The role of TLRs in direct recognition of peptidoglycan is controversial. In some studies, has been reported that peptidoglycan is sensed by TLR2. But this TLR2-inducing activity could be due to cell wall lipoproteins and lipoteichoic acids that commonly co-purify with peptidoglycan. Also variation in peptidoglycan str... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Die swell, also known as extrudate swell or Barus effect, is a common phenomenon in polymer processing. Die swell occurs in instances of polymer extrusion, in which a stream of polymeric material is forced through a die, a specialized tool in manufacturing to shape or cut polymeric materials. Die swell is an instance w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
HVAF coating technology is the combustion of propane in a compressed air stream. Like HVOF, this produces a uniform high velocity jet. HVAF differs by including a heat baffle to further stabilize the thermal spray mechanisms. Material is injected into the air-fuel stream and coating particles are propelled toward the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After separation, an additional separation method may then be used, such as isoelectric focusing or SDS-PAGE. The gel will then be physically cut, and the protein complexes extracted from each portion separately. Each extract may then be analysed, such as by peptide mass fingerprinting or de novo peptide sequencing aft... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Before mass separation, a beam of positive ions has to be extracted from the plasma and focused into the mass-analyzer. It is important to separate the ions from UV photons, energetic neutrals and from any solid particles that may have been carried into the instrument from the ICP. Traditionally, ICP-MS instruments hav... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, describes a collection of related techniques to separate proteins according to their electrophoretic mobility (a function of the molecular weight of a polypeptide chain) while in the denatured (unfolded) state. In most proteins, the binding of SDS to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Heinz Falk is married to Rotraud Falk since 1966 and they have one son:
*Alexander Falk (August 13, 1967) is the CEO of Altova. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several types of cells support an action potential, such as plant cells, muscle cells, and the specialized cells of the heart (in which occurs the cardiac action potential). However, the main excitable cell is the neuron, which also has the simplest mechanism for the action potential.
Neurons are electrically excitable... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For the majority of eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), translation initiates from a methionine-encoding AUG start codon following the molecular processes of cap-binding and scanning by ribosomal pre-initiation complexes (PICs). In rare exceptions, such as translation by viral IRES-containing mRNAs, cap-binding and/or s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tin pest is an autocatalytic, allotropic transformation of the element tin, which causes deterioration of tin objects at low temperatures. Tin pest has also been called tin disease, tin blight or tin leprosy (lèpre détain').
It was observed in medieval Europe that the pipes of pipe organs were affected in cool climates... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Each bacterial gene is denoted by a mnemonic of three lower case letters which indicate the pathway or process in which the gene-product is involved, followed by a capital letter signifying the actual gene. In some cases, the gene letter may be followed by an allele number. All letters and numbers are underlined or ita... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Seemingly ambiguous oxidation states are derived from a set of resonance formulas of equal weights for a molecule having heteronuclear bonds where the atom connectivity does not correspond to the number of two-electron bonds dictated by the 8 − N rule. An example is SN where four resonance formulas featuring one S=N do... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The glass version of these lenses achieves their photochromic properties through the embedding of microcrystalline silver halides (usually silver chloride) in a glass substrate. Plastic photochromic lenses use organic photochromic molecules (for example oxazines and naphthopyrans) to achieve the reversible darkening ef... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acidic protein denaturants include:
* Acetic acid
* Trichloroacetic acid 12% in water
* Sulfosalicylic acid | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While Newton explained the tides by describing the tide-generating forces and Daniel Bernoulli gave a description of the static reaction of the waters on Earth to the tidal potential, the dynamic theory of tides, developed by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1775, describes the oceans real reaction to tidal forces. Laplaces the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Embrittlement is a significant decrease of ductility of a material, which makes the material brittle. Embrittlement is used to describe any phenomena where the environment compromises a stressed material's mechanical performance, such as temperature or environmental composition. This is oftentimes undesirable as brittl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The octadecanoid pathway is a biosynthetic pathway for the production of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), an important hormone for induction of defense genes. JA is synthesized from alpha-linolenic acid, which can be released from the plasma membrane by certain lipase enzymes. For example, in the wound defense resp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most commonly used post treatment, where chlorine is dissolved in water to form and hydrochloric acid hypochlorous acid. The latter act as a disinfectant that is able to eliminate pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and protozoa by penetrating the cell walls. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In recent years a variety of double and triple bonds between the semi-metallic elements have been reported, including silicon, germanium, arsenic, bismuth and so on. The ability of certain main group elements to catenate is currently the subject of research into inorganic polymers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One viral epitranscriptome modification that has been identified is the 5-methylcytidine (mC). HIV-1 and MLV transcriptomes contain elevated levels of these residues by approximately 14-30 fold when compared to a cell’s normal levels. NSUN2 is the complex that codes the cytidine methyltransferases credited with mC form... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Statistical mechanics, also known as statistical thermodynamics, emerged with the development of atomic and molecular theories in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and supplemented classical thermodynamics with an interpretation of the microscopic interactions between individual particles or quantum-mechani... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Culture techniques and media vary depending upon the requirements of the fungal isolate involved, however the general procedure consist of the following: fungal hyphae are typically placed in liquid growth media and placed in shake culture until the fungal culture has increased in biomass. The fungal hyphae are removed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most commonly observed health effects in people exposed to extremely high levels of PCBs are skin conditions, such as chloracne and rashes, but these were known to be symptoms of acute systemic poisoning dating back to 1922. Studies in workers exposed to PCBs have shown changes in blood and urine that may indicate ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Both the legacy NACE and SSPC organizations were ANSI-accredited standards developers, which AMPP plans to continue. The merged standards program includes 25 standing standards committees that develop technical standards for industries including cathodic protection, coatings, defense, highways and bridges, rail, mariti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a biological electrochemical system that implements the use of electro-active bacteria to power desalination of water in situ, resourcing the natural anode and cathode gradient of the electro-active bacteria and thus creating an internal supercapacitor. Available water supply has ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are several, largely empirical laws of recrystallization:
* Thermally activated. The rate of the microscopic mechanisms controlling the nucleation and growth of recrystallized grains depend on the annealing temperature. Arrhenius-type equations indicate an exponential relationship.
* Critical temperature. Followi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diffuse clouds are of astronomical interest because they play a primary role in the evolution and thermodynamics of ISM. Observation of the abundant atomic hydrogen in 21 cm has shown good signal-to-noise ratio in both emission and absorption. Nevertheless, HI observations have a fundamental difficulty when are direc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If one could observe a gas under a powerful microscope, one would see a collection of particles without any definite shape or volume that are in more or less random motion. These gas particles only change direction when they collide with another particle or with the sides of the container. This microscopic view of gas ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DDM is based on an algorithm proposed in Croccolo et al. and Alaimo et al., which is conveniently named differential dynamic algorithm (DDA). DDA works by subtracting images acquired at different times and taking advantage that, as the delay between two subtracted images gets large, the energy content of the differenc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polymersomes that contain active enzymes and that provide a way to selectively transport substrates for conversion by those enzymes have been described as nanoreactors.
Polymersomes have been used to create controlled release drug delivery systems. Similar to coating liposomes with polyethylene glycol, polymersomes ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the United States, sperm banks maintain lists or catalogs of donors which provide basic information about the donor such as racial origin, skin color, height, weight, color of eyes, and blood group. Some of these catalogs are available for browsing on the Internet, while others are made available to patients only wh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to achieve its objectives EFDA conducts the following group of activities:
* Collective use of JET, the world's largest fusion experiment
* Reinforced coordination of fusion physics and technology research and development in EU laboratories.
* Training and carrier development of researchers, promoting links t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An oxyanion, or oxoanion, is an ion with the generic formula (where A represents a chemical element and O represents an oxygen atom). Oxyanions are formed by a large majority of the chemical elements. The formulae of simple oxyanions are determined by the octet rule. The corresponding oxyacid of an oxyanion is the co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Hiyama coupling is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of organosilanes with organic halides used in organic chemistry to form carbon–carbon bonds (C-C bonds). This reaction was discovered in 1988 by Tamejiro Hiyama and Yasuo Hatanaka as a method to form carbon-carbon bonds synthetically with chemo- and r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SDS is a common ingredient in toothpastes due to its low cost, its lack of impact on taste, and its desirable action as a foaming agent. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The enantiopure synthesis of levopropylhexedrine may be accomplished in a two step reaction. The first step is the Wenker synthesis of the relevant aziridine. The second step is the simple catalytic hydrogenation of the propylhexedrine-aziridine. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate or 2,3-BPG (formerly named 2,3-diphosphoglycerate or 2,3-DPG) is an organophosphate formed in red blood cells during glycolysis and is the conjugate base of 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid. The production of 2,3-BPG is likely an important adaptive mechanism, because the production increases for seve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The organometallic chemistry of titanium typically starts from . An important reaction involves sodium cyclopentadienyl to give titanocene dichloride, . This compound and many of its derivatives are precursors to Ziegler–Natta catalysts. Tebbe's reagent, useful in organic chemistry, is an aluminium-containing derivativ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glyoxalase I, which is part of the glyoxalase system present in the cytosol, catalyzes the conversion of α-oxoaldehyde (RC(O)CHO) and the thiol glutathione (abbreviated GSH) to S-2-hydroxyacylglutathione derivatives [RCH(OH)CO-SG]. The catalytic mechanism involves an intermediate hemithioacetal adduct [RCOCH(OH)-SG]. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Element 43 was named masurium (after Masuria in Eastern Prussia). The group bombarded columbite with a beam of electrons and deduced element 43 was present by examining X-ray diffraction spectrograms. The wavelength of the X-rays produced is related to the atomic number by a formula derived by Henry Moseley. The team ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flash photolysis is a pump-probe laboratory technique, in which a sample is first excited by a strong pulse of light from a pulsed laser of nanosecond, picosecond, or femtosecond pulse width or by another short-pulse light source such as a flash lamp. This first strong pulse is called the pump pulse and starts a chemic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Late Bronze Age remains at Norşuntepe was heavily disturbed by later Iron Age activity, but some larger buildings have been excavated. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In his main work Ungar made rats choose to enter either a ligthed or a dark box. Normally nocturnal animals, upon entering the dark, rats were given an electric shock, and the rats were quickly trained to enter the lighted box. After a prolonged training, an extract was prepared from their brains, which was injected in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Researchers work in the Chesapeake Bay to collect information about water quality, plant and animal abundances, shoreline erosion, tides, waves, and harmful algal blooms. For example, the Virginia Institute of Marine Science monitors the abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation in the shallow areas of the Chesapeake B... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Arsenic can cause oxidative stress through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Reactive oxygen species are produced by the enzyme NADPH oxidase, which transfers electrons from NADPH to oxygen, synthesizing a superoxide, which is a reactive free radical. This superoxide c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Torricellis law, also known as Torricellis theorem, is a theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing from an orifice to the height of fluid above the opening. The law states that the speed of efflux of a fluid through a sharp-edged hole at the bottom of the tank filled to a depth is the same as the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gessner et al. first revealed a synthetic route for stabilized ketenyl anion using metalated ylides in 2022. In their paper, upon introducing CO, metalated ylide with posassium cation exchange CO with phosphine group R, also known for carbonylation of ylide. Their isolated ketenyl anion [K(PPh(=S)CCO] is stable solid ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The correct (extensive) formulas for systems A and B were obtained because we included all the possible ways that the two systems could exchange particles. The use of combinations (i.e. N particles choose N) was used to ascertain the number of ways N particles can be divided into system A containing n particles and sy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the methods of synthesis is the reaction of direct neutralization of oxalic acid with lithium hydroxide: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lappert was born in Czechoslovakia and came to the UK as a Kindertransport refugee. He received his PhD in 1951 at the Northern Polytechnic, London. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chetsanga was born in Murewa, Zimbabwe on 22 August 1935, and was baptised in 1948. In his youth, he was educated at Nhowe Mission, and went on to study at University of California, Berkeley where he received his BSc in 1965. Chetsanga also studied for a period at Pepperdine University. In 1969, he received his MSc an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In mixed inhibition the inhibitor may bind to the enzyme whether or not the substrate has already bound. Hence mixed inhibition is a combination of competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. Furthermore, the affinity of the inhibitor for the free enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex may differ. By increasing concent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When we stretch a piece of rubber, e.g. a rubber band, we notice that it deforms uniformly, lengthwise. Every element along its length experiences the same extension factor as the entire sample. If we release one end, the sample snaps back to its original length very rapidly, too fast for our eye to resolve the process... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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