text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
The chair conformation is the most stable conformer. At , 99.99% of all molecules in a cyclohexane solution adopt this conformation.
The symmetry group is D. All carbon centers are equivalent. Six hydrogen centers are poised in axial positions, roughly parallel with the C3 axis, and six hydrogen atoms are parallel wit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
N-linked glycosylation, is the attachment of an oligosaccharide, a carbohydrate consisting of several sugar molecules, sometimes also referred to as glycan, to a nitrogen atom (the amide nitrogen of an asparagine (Asn) residue of a protein), in a process called N-glycosylation, studied in biochemistry. The resulting pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some animals, including birds, reptiles, and insects such as bees, can see near-ultraviolet wavelengths. Many fruits, flowers, and seeds stand out more strongly from the background in ultraviolet wavelengths as compared to human color vision. Scorpions glow or take on a yellow to green color under UV illumination, thus... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Shortly before the war, Hans von Halban and Lew Kowarski moved their research on neutron moderation from France to Britain, smuggling the entire global supply of heavy water (which had been made in Norway) across in twenty-six steel drums.
During World War II, Nazi Germany was known to be conducting experiments using h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biochemistry, intercalation is the insertion of molecules between the bases of DNA. This process is used as a method for analyzing DNA and it is also the basis of certain kinds of poisoning.
Clathrates are chemical substances consisting of a lattice that traps or contains molecules. Usually, clathrate compounds are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A case study by Beale et al. involved preparation of iron phosphates and bismuth molybdate catalysts from an amorphous precursor gel. The study found that there were no intermediate phases in the reaction, and helped to determine kinetic and structural information. The article uses the dated term in-situ, but the exper... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Epinephrine and glucagon affect the activity of protein kinase A by changing the levels of cAMP in a cell via the G-protein mechanism, using adenylate cyclase. Protein kinase A acts to phosphorylate many enzymes important in metabolism. For example, protein kinase A phosphorylates acetyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In late February and early March 2003, a large amount of media attention circulated around the globe regarding largely unknown and unpublished documents, evidently written by Isaac Newton, indicating that he believed the world would end no earlier than 2060. The story garnered vast amounts of public interest and found ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Interfering RNA are a class of short, noncoding RNA that act to translationally or post-translationally repress gene expression. Their discovery and subsequent identification as key effectors of post-transcriptional gene regulation have made small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA) potential therapeutics for... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1835, Charles Wheatstone reported that different metals could be easily distinguished by the different bright lines in the emission spectra of their sparks, thereby introducing an alternative mechanism to flame spectroscopy. In 1849, J. B. L. Foucault experimentally demonstrated that absorption and emission lines ap... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transmutation of transuranium elements (i.e. actinides minus actinium to uranium) such as the isotopes of plutonium (about 1wt% in the light water reactors used nuclear fuel or the minor actinides (MAs, i.e. neptunium, americium, and curium), about 0.1wt% each in light water reactors used nuclear fuel) has the potentia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Among the faculty members who have worked at the Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, several Professors are distinguished world-widely:
** Sir Professor Harshad_Bhadeshia
** Professor Frédéric Barlat
** Professor Nack Joon KIM
** Professor Bruno De Cooman
** Prof. Yasushi Sasaki
** Prof. Hae-Geon Lee
** Prof. C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Smolková-Keulemansová suffered from dysentery, jaundice, typhus and tuberculosis after liberation. She could not give an address to anyone she knew in Prague, so the International Red Cross did not allow her to return to her country of origin. To receive medical treatment, she was selected to go to Sweden for a six-mon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anthocyanins fluoresce, enabling a tool for plant cell research to allow live cell imaging without a requirement for other fluorophores. Anthocyanin production may be engineered into genetically modified materials to enable their identification visually. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although NBS is easier and safer to handle than bromine, precautions should be taken to avoid inhalation. NBS should be stored in a refrigerator. NBS will decompose over time giving off bromine. Pure NBS is white, but it is often found to be off-white or brown colored by bromine.
In general, reactions involving NBS are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the United States, an all-out effort for making atomic weapons was begun in late 1942. This work was taken over by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1943, and known as the Manhattan Engineer District. The top-secret Manhattan Project, as it was colloquially known, was led by General Leslie R. Groves. Among the pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The temperature-entropy conjugate pair is concerned with the transfer of energy, especially for a closed system.
* An isothermal process occurs at a constant temperature. An example would be a closed system immersed in and thermally connected with a large constant-temperature bath. Energy gained by the system, through ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The applications of synthetic nucleotides vary widely and include disease diagnosis, treatment, or precision medicine.
# Antiviral or Antiretroviral agents: several nucleotide derivatives have been used in the treatment against infection with Hepatitis and HIV. Examples of direct nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider a nonconductive charged body rotating about an axis of symmetry. According to the laws of classical physics, it has both a magnetic dipole moment due to the movement of charge and an angular momentum due to the movement of mass arising from its rotation. It can be shown that as long as its charge and mass dens... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dioxiranes may be produced through the action of KHSO on carbonyl compounds. Because of their low-lying σ* orbital, they are highly electrophilic oxidants and react with unsaturated functional groups, Y-H bonds (yielding oxygen insertion products), and heteroatoms. The most common dioxiranes employed for organic synthe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A stink bomb, sometimes called a stinkpot, is a device designed to create an unpleasant smell. They range in effectiveness from being used as simple pranks to military grade malodorants or riot control chemical agents. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In polymer chemistry, a copolymer is a polymer derived from more than one species of monomer. The polymerization of monomers into copolymers is called copolymerization. Copolymers obtained from the copolymerization of two monomer species are sometimes called bipolymers. Those obtained from three and four monomers are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Benzeneselenol was first reported in 1888 by the reaction of benzene with selenium tetrachloride () in the presence of aluminium trichloride (). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A standing wave is a continuous form of normal mode. In a standing wave, all the space elements (i.e. (x, y, z) coordinates) are oscillating in the same frequency and in phase (reaching the equilibrium point together), but each has a different amplitude.
The general form of a standing wave is:
where ƒ(x, y, z) represen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Xylenes are an important petrochemical produced by catalytic reforming and also by coal carbonisation in the manufacture of coke fuel. They also occur in crude oil in concentrations of about 0.5–1%, depending on the source. Small quantities occur in gasoline and aircraft fuels.
Xylenes are produced mainly as part of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Initiation of metastasis requires invasion, which is enabled by EMT. Carcinoma cells in a primary tumor lose cell-cell adhesion mediated by E-cadherin repression and break through the basement membrane with increased invasive properties, and enter the bloodstream through intravasation. Later, when these circulating tum... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The nucleate boiling regime is important to engineers because of the high heat fluxes possible with moderate temperature differences. The data can be correlated by an equation of the form
Where is the Nusselt number, defined as:
where:
* is the total heat flux,
* is the maximum bubble diameter as it leaves the surfa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Convenient generation of a directing group on the nitrogen of indoles is possible through treatment with an organolithium reagent and carbon dioxide. A similar method can be applied for lateral lithiations of ortho-tolyl anilines.
Oxazoles containing two methyl groups exhibit interesting selectivity patterns. In the ab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.
Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena—unco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the process industry dispersing agents are added to process liquids to prevent unwanted deposits by keeping them finely dispersed. They function in both aqueous and nonaqueous media. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The geology that underlies a river or lake has a major impact on its chemistry. A river flowing across very ancient precambrian schists is likely to have dissolved very little from the rocks and maybe similar to de-ionised water at least in the headwaters. Conversely a river flowing through chalk hills, and especially ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Charles law appears to imply that the volume of a gas will descend to zero at a certain temperature (−266.66 °C according to Gay-Lussacs figures) or −273.15 °C. Gay-Lussac was clear in his description that the law was not applicable at low temperatures:
At absolute zero temperature, the gas possesses zero energy and he... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nomenclature generally follows the conventions of human nomenclature. Gene symbols generally are italicised, with all letters in uppercase (e.g., NLGN1, for neuroligin1). Protein designations are the same as the gene symbol, but are not italicised; all letters are in uppercase (NLGN1). mRNAs and cDNAs use the same form... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider gas in a one-dimensional container (e.g., a long thin tube). Assume that the fluid is inviscid (i.e., it shows no viscosity effects as for example friction with the tube walls). Furthermore, assume that there is no heat transfer by conduction or radiation and that gravitational acceleration can be neglected.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The pillar carries a number of inscriptions of different dates, some of which have not been studied systematically despite the pillar's prominent location and easy access. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It was originally hypothesized that salinosporamide B was a biosynthetic precursor to salinosporamide A due to their structural similarities.
It was thought that the halogenation of the unactivated methyl group was catalyzed by a non-heme iron halogenase. Recent work using C-labeled feeding experiments reveal distinct ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levofloxacin is not approved in most countries for the treatment of children except in unique and life-threatening infections because it is associated with an elevated risk of musculoskeletal injury in this population, a property it shares with other fluoroquinolones.
In the United States levofloxacin is approved for t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hundreds of such cycles have been proposed and investigated. This task has been eased by the availability of computers, allowing a systematic screening of chemical reactions sequences based on thermodynamic databases. Only the main "families" will be described in this article. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phenolics can also be found in non-vascular land plants (bryophytes). Dihydrostilbenoids and bis(dibenzyls) can be found in liverworts (Marchantiophyta), for instance, the macrocycles cavicularin and riccardin C. Though lignin is absent in mosses (Bryophyta) and hornworts (Anthocerotophyta), some phenolics can be found... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of reflection can be extended to three-dimensional objects, including the inside parts, even if they are not transparent. The term then relates to structural as well as visual aspects. A three-dimensional object is reversed in the direction perpendicular to the mirror surface. In physics, mirror images are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Schoell has made many contributions to geochemistry with emphasis on the applications of stable isotope analysis. The results of Schoells work have included identifying the pathways of formation that distinguish methane of biogenic origin from that of thermogenic origin using stable isotope analysis. In the paper, "Bio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Espín died in Havana at 4:14 p.m. EDT on 18 June 2007, following a long illness. An official mourning-period was declared from 8 p.m. on 18 June until 10 p.m. on 19 June. A funeral ceremony was held at the Karl Marx Theatre in Havana the day after her death. Thousands of Cubans paid their respects in a receiving line a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ideal gas law follows from the van der Waals equation whenever is sufficiently large (or correspondingly whenever the molar density, , is sufficiently small), Specifically
* when , then is numerically indistinguishable from ,
* and when , then is numerically indistinguishable from .
Putting these two approximati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
From 1941 to 1951, Vinograd worked for the Shell Development Company in Emeryville, California. During this period, his wife Sherna gave birth to their two daughters, Julia and Deborah. In 1951 he became a senior research fellow at the California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena, California, where he remained for ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In humans, DNA methylation occurs at the 5′ position of the pyrimidine ring of the cytosine residues within CpG sites to form 5-methylcytosines. The presence of multiple methylated CpG sites in CpG islands of promoters causes stable inhibition (silencing) of genes. Silencing of transcription of a gene may be initiate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
KaiC is a gene belonging to the KaiABC gene cluster (with KaiA, and KaiB) that, together, regulate bacterial circadian rhythms, specifically in cyanobacteria. KaiC encodes for the KaiC protein, which interacts with the KaiA and KaiB proteins in a post-translational oscillator (PTO). The PTO is cyanobacteria master cloc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider a parallel shear flow in the direction, which varies only in the cross-flow direction The stability of the flow is studied by adding small perturbations to the flow velocity and in the and directions, respectively. The flow is described using the incompressible Euler equations, which become after linear... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two types of sulfate-induced hot corrosion are generally distinguished: Type I takes place above the melting point of sodium sulfate, whereas Type II occurs below the melting point of sodium sulfate but in the presence of small amounts of SO.
In Type I, the protective oxide scale is dissolved by the molten salt. Sulfur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Bisulfite sequencing
*DNA sequencing
*Expression cloning
*Fluorescence in situ hybridization
*Lab-on-a-chip
*Comparison of nucleic acid simulation software
*Northern blot
*Nuclear run-on assay
*Radioactivity in the life sciences
*Southern blot
*Differential centrifugation (sucrose gradient)
*Toeprinting assay
*Several... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Different assembly tools have been developed to handle jumping library data. One example is DELLY. DELLY was developed to discover genomic structural variants and "integrates short insert paired-ends, long-range mate-pairs and split-read alignments" to detect rearrangements at sequence level.
An example of joint develo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The purpose of studying the proteome is to better understand the activity of cells at the single cells level. Since proteins are responsible for determining how the cell acts, understanding the proteome of single cell gives the best understanding of how a cell operates, and how gene expression changes in a cell due to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Perfluorohexane (), or tetradecafluorohexane, is a fluorocarbon. It is a derivative of hexane in which all the hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms. It is used in one formulation of the electronic cooling liquid/insulator Fluorinert for low-temperature applications due to its low boiling point of 56 °C and fre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In partnership with Sunfire, Audi produces E-diesel in small scale with two steps, the second one being FT. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bene Meat Technologies a.s. was founded in 2020 by Mgr. Roman Kříž, who is the project leader. The main biologist of the scientific team is Jiří Janoušek and one of the external scientists involved in the ongoing research is the immunologist Prof. RNDr. Jan Černý, Ph.D. In 2022, the BMT research team consisted of 70 s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cooperativity is not only a phenomenon of ligand binding, but also applies anytime energetic interactions make it easier or more difficult for something to happen involving multiple units as opposed to with single units. (That is, easier or more difficult compared with what is expected when only accounting for the add... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In Chemistry, a kryptoracemic compound or kryptoracemate (sometimes false conglomerate) is a racemic compound crystallizing in a Sohncke space group.
In most of the cases, racemic compounds crystallize in centrosymmetric crystal structures. In a kryptoracemic compound the chemical composition of the crystal is racemic ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because channels underlie the nerve impulse and because "transmitter-activated" channels mediate conduction across the synapses, channels are especially prominent components of the nervous system. Indeed, numerous toxins that organisms have evolved for shutting down the nervous systems of predators and prey (e.g., the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The rule can be used to understand the stability of completely conjugated monocyclic hydrocarbons (known as annulenes) as well as their cations and anions.
The best-known example is benzene (CH) with a conjugated system of six π electrons, which equals 4n + 2 for n = 1. The molecule undergoes substitution reactions whi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term “Brownian motor” was originally invented by Swiss theoretical physicist Peter Hänggi in 1995. The Brownian motor, like the phenomenon of Brownian motion that underpinned its underlying theory, was also named after 19th century Scottish botanist Robert Brown, who, while looking through a microscope at pollen of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When phosphorylated by an unknown kinase, PRR5 and PRR3 proteins demonstrate increased binding to TIMING OF CAB2 EXPRESSION 1 ( TOC1). This interaction stabilizes both TOC1 and PRR5 and prevents their degradation by the F-box protein ZEITLUPE (ZTL). Through this mechanism, PRR5 is indirectly activated by light, as ZTL ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paiis can be used as quality control and marketing tools in commerce and as a quick and easy way to assess and/or map the activities of new photocatalytic materials in research. In addition, it has also been demonstrated that such inks can be used on highly coloured and black surfaces, provided the oxidised and/or redu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "push-pull" was established in 1987 as an approach for integrated pest management (IPM). This strategy uses a mixture of behavior-modifying stimuli to manipulate the distribution and abundance of insects. "Push" means the insects are repelled or deterred away from whatever resource is being protected. "Pull" m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the theory of magnetohydrodynamics, the magnetic Reynolds number can be derived from the induction equation:
where
* is the magnetic field,
* is the fluid velocity,
* is the magnetic diffusivity.
The first term on the right hand side accounts for effects from magnetic induction in the plasma and the second term a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although some host-guest interactions are not strong, increasing the amount of the host-guest interaction can improve the mechanical properties of the materials. As an example, threading the host molecules onto the polymer is one of the commonly used strategies for increasing the mechanical properties of the polymer. I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Corrosion Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier in 16 issues per year. Established in 1961, it covers a wide range of topics in the study of pure/applied corrosion and corrosion engineering, including but not limited to oxidation, biochemical corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and corro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The source for APCI is similar to ESI except that ions are formed by the interaction of the heated analyte solvent with a corona discharge needle set at a high electrical potential. Primary ions are formed immediately surrounding the needle, and these interact with the solvent to form secondary ions that ultimately ion... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Both short- and long-acting β-agonists are used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD causes airflow limitations in the lungs because of inflammation. Smoking is the main risk factor but inhalation of toxic and harmful particles and gases can also cause the disease. The symptoms are abnormal mucus produc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Acid flux types (not used in electronics) may contain hydrochloric acid, zinc chloride or ammonium chloride, which are harmful to humans. Therefore, flux should be handled with gloves and goggles, and used with adequate ventilation.
Prolonged exposure to rosin fumes released during soldering can cause occupational asth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Scientific studies have been carried out at the River Dee in Wales in the United Kingdom, the Garonne and Sélune in France, the Daly River in Australia, and the Qiantang River estuary in China. The force of the tidal bore flow often poses a challenge to scientific measurements, as evidenced by a number of field work in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An important parameter in wet scrubbing systems is the rate of liquid flow. It is common in wet scrubber terminology to express the liquid flow as a function of the gas flow rate that is being treated. This is commonly called the liquid-to-gas ratio (L/G ratio) and uses the units of gallons per 1,000 actual cubic feet ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mechanism of its actions is thought to be related to the selective inhibition of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Favipiravir is a prodrug that is metabolized to its active form, favipiravir-ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate (favipiravir-RTP), available in both oral and intravenous formulations. In 2014, favipiravir... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several technologies are related to soil vapor extraction. As noted above, various soil-heating remediation technologies (e.g., electrical resistive heating, in situ vitrification) require a soil gas collection component, which may take the form of SVE and/or a surface barrier (i.e., hood). Bioventing is a related tec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One way that enzymatic catalysis proceeds is by stabilizing the transition state through electrostatics. By lowering the energy of the transition state, it allows a greater population of the starting material to attain the energy needed to overcome the transition energy and proceed to product. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Abnormally high or low levels of dietary selenium can have an adverse effect on sperm quality, with a consequent lowering of fertility. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Benzylpenicillin is produced by fermentation of Penicillium chrysogenum. The production of benzylpenicillin involves fermentation, recovery and purification of the penicillin.
The fermentation process of the production of benzylpenicillin creates the product. The presence of the product in solution inhibits the reactio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Albert Ernest Alexander was born on 5 January 1914 in Ringwood, Hampshire, the sixth of seven children of William Albert Alexander, a master builder, and Beatrice (née Daw), formerly a teacher. He attended Brockenhurst County School, from where he gained a place in 1931 at the University of Reading. He graduated in 193... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Claude Schwob (1910–2000) was an American nuclear chemist who worked on the Manhattan Project. After the end of World War II, he was employed at the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory. Schwob, who was gay, was open about his sexuality throughout his life. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Significant developments in belt press filter technology include: cloth developments, using three belts and, the V-fold belt. Cloth developments include the double weave which incorporates different yarn types to combine the specific advantages of each. A double weave woven wire belt is also available which has a bette... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Turkevich was born on July 23, 1916, in Manhattan, New York, at the bishops house attached to Saint Nicholas Russian Orthodox Cathedral. His father, Leonid Turkevich, was dean at the time, and later became the Metropolitan of the Orthodox Church in North America. He had two brothers. Turkevich studied at Dartmouth Coll... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Nano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy
* Fundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties
* Creation an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The baculovirus-insect cell expression system has the ability to express a variety of recombinant proteins at high levels and provide significant eukaryotic protein processing capabilities, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, myristoylation and palmitoylation. Similar to mammalian cells, proteins expressed are mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Albert Hewett Coons (1912-1978), physician, pathologist and immunologist.
*Cornelia Mitchell Downs (1892–1987), microbiologist and journalist | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inversion recovery is an MRI sequence that provides high contrast between tissue and lesion. It can be used to provide high T1 weighted image, high T2 weighted image, and to suppress the signals from fat, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Deborah number is particularly useful in conceptualizing the time–temperature superposition principle. Time-temperature superposition has to do with altering experimental time scales using reference temperatures to extrapolate temperature-dependent mechanical properties of polymers. A material at low temperature wi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Temperature usually has a major effect on the rate of a chemical reaction. Molecules at a higher temperature have more thermal energy. Although collision frequency is greater at higher temperatures, this alone contributes only a very small proportion to the increase in rate of reaction. Much more important is the fact ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga was born on 28 December 1907, in Antananarivo, Madagascar, to Razanadrakoto Ratsimamanga and Lala Ralisoa. He was the grandson of Prince Ratsimamanga, uncle and advisor to Queen Ranavalona III, who was executed in 1897 at the beginning of the French colonisation of Madagascar. When Albert was... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1849, the French chemists Jean-François Persoz and Bloch, and the German chemist Peter Kremers (1827-?), independently first synthesized thionyl chloride by reacting phosphorus pentachloride with sulfur dioxide. However, their products were impure: both Persoz and Kremers claimed that thionyl chloride contained ph... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The structural components of plants are formed primarily from cellulose. Wood is largely cellulose and lignin, while paper and cotton are nearly pure cellulose. Cellulose is a polymer made with repeated glucose units bonded together by beta-linkages. Humans and many animals lack an enzyme to break the beta-linkages, s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
tRNA (also tRNA-like) splicing is another rare form of splicing that usually occurs in tRNA. The splicing reaction involves a different biochemistry than the spliceosomal and self-splicing pathways.
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast tRNA splicing endonuclease heterotetramer, composed of TSEN54, TSEN2, TSE... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Damages can occur during the casting and de-shuttering processes. For instance, the corners of beams can be damaged during the removal of shuttering because they are less effectively compacted by means of vibration (improved by using form-vibrators). Other physical damages can be caused by the use of steel shuttering w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies, also known as SS-A and SS-B, respectively, are commonly found in primary Sjögrens syndrome, an autoimmune disorder that affects the exocrine glands. The presence of both antibodies is found in 30–60% of Sjögrens syndrome, anti-Ro antibodies alone are found in 50–70% of Sjögrens syndrome ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Steric effects strain – Increasing the steric strain of the chelate backbone in square planar complexes pushes the carbonyl and methyl groups closer together, increasing the reactivity of insertion reactions.
*Oxidation state – Oxidation of the metal tends to increase insertion reaction rates. The main rate-limiting s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cohen worked at a holiday camp in Massachusetts while he was a student at Tufts. While waiting tables, he courted Pearl Silverman, a bookish woman from New York. The biochemist and author, Isaac Asimov, also vacationed there and became friends with Cohen. Observing the romance, Asimov wrote songs about it for the ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Water is essential for organisms within the soil profile, and it partially fills up the macropores in an ideal soil.
* Leaching of the soil occurs as water carries along with it ions deeper into the lower soil horizons, causing the soil to become more oxidized in other soil horizons.
* Water also will go from a highe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Resiniferatoxin has a score of 16 billion Scoville heat units, making pure resiniferatoxin about 500 to 1000 times hotter than pure capsaicin. Resiniferatoxin activates transient vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in a subpopulation of primary afferent sensory neurons involved in nociception, the transmission of physiologic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several anti-infective medications have been derived from fungi including penicillin and the cephalosporins (antibacterial drugs from Penicillium rubens and Cephalosporium acremonium, respectively) and griseofulvin (an antifungal drug from Penicillium griseofulvum). Other medicinally useful fungal metabolites include l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy is a method for characterizing properties of fluids and dispersed particles. It is also known as acoustic spectroscopy.
There is an international standard for this method.
Measurement of attenuation coefficient versus ultrasound frequency yields raw data for further calculation of va... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Society for Cryobiology is an international scientific society that was founded in 1964. Its objectives are to promote research in low temperature biology, to improve scientific understanding in this field, and to disseminate and aid in the application of this knowledge. The Society also publishes a journal called ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mnemonics BrINClHOF, pronounced "Brinklehof", HONClBrIF, pronounced "Honkelbrif", “HOBrFINCl”, pronounced “Hoberfinkel”, and HOFBrINCl, pronounced "Hofbrinkle", have been coined to aid recall of the list of diatomic elements. Another method, for English-speakers, is the sentence: "Never Have Fear of Ice Cold Beer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor), also known as NCoR2, is an alternatively spliced SRC-1(steroid receptor coactivator-1). It is negatively and positively affected by MAPKKK (mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase) and casein kinase 2 phosphorylation, respectively. SMRT has... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.