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Leigh and co-workers recently began to explore a strategy in which template ions could also play an active role in promoting the crucial final covalent bond forming reaction that captures the interlocked structure (i.e., the metal has a dual function, acting as a template for entwining the precursors and catalyzing cov... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is a term used for any mixture of hydrocarbons that are found in crude oil. There are several hundred of these compounds, but not all occur in any one sample. Crude oil is used to make petroleum products, which can contaminate the environment. Because there are so many different chemi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Gold. 1990. Organic Compounds in Biological Systems, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100213004815/http://faculty.mansfield.edu/bganong/biochemistry/reagents.htm Chemical Reagents] | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Source:
* 1991 Chris H. Greene: "For his many contributions to atomic and molecular theory including studies of resonance vibronic processes, multiple electron excitations, photo-absorption in external fields, and threshold effects of long range forces."
* 1993 Timothy E. Chupp: "For his contributions to the developmen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in langerin gene may affect the stability as well as the affinity of the protein for some carbohydrates. The most common polymorphism is a replacement of alanine for valine in the 278. position (rs741326). Allelic frequency of this polymorphism is up to 48 %, but it probably does no... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term "triangle of death" was first used with regard to the region in a September 2004 scientific publication in the Lancet Oncology. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Isotope analysis has been particularly useful in archaeology as a means of characterization. Characterization of artifacts involves determining the isotopic composition of possible source materials such as metal ore bodies and comparing these data to the isotopic composition of analyzed artifacts. A wide range of archa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plant virus transmission from generation to generation occurs in about 20% of plant viruses. When viruses are transmitted by seeds, the seed is infected in the generative cells and the virus is maintained in the germ cells and sometimes, but less often, in the seed coat. When the growth and development of plants is del... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In many applications of diffusiophoresis, the motion is driven by gradients in the concentration of a salt (electrolyte) concentration, such as sodium chloride in water. Colloidal particles in water are typically charged, and there is an electrostatic potential, called a zeta potential at their surface. This charged su... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
X-ray spectroelectrochemistry is a technique that studies the interaction of high-energy radiation with matter during an electrode process. X-rays can originate absorption, emission or scattering phenomena, allowing to perform both quantitative and qualitative analysis depending on the phenomenon taking place. All thes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In hydrodynamics, a plume or a column is a vertical body of one fluid moving through another. Several effects control the motion of the fluid, including momentum (inertia), diffusion and buoyancy (density differences). Pure jets and pure plumes define flows that are driven entirely by momentum and buoyancy effects, r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change. For a given set of reaction conditions, the equilib... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aquo complexes of lanthanide(III) ions are eight- and nine-coordinate, reflecting the large size of the metal centres. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To fully gauge the viability of calcium looping as a capture process, it is necessary to consider the political, environmental, and health effects of the process as well. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A rotameter consists of a tapered tube, typically made of glass with a float (a shaped weight, made either of anodized aluminum or a ceramic), inside that is pushed up by the drag force of the flow and pulled down by gravity. The drag force for a given fluid and float cross section is a function of flow speed squared o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pheromones of certain pest insect species, such as the Japanese beetle, acrobat ant, and the spongy moth, can be used to trap the respective insect for monitoring purposes, to control the population by creating confusion, to disrupt mating, and to prevent further egg laying. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sonication can be used for the production of nanoparticles, such as nanoemulsions, nanocrystals, liposomes and wax emulsions, as well as for wastewater purification, degassing, extraction of seaweed polysaccharides and plant oil, extraction of anthocyanins and antioxidants, production of biofuels, crude oil desulphuriz... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Self-cleaning screen media was initially engineered to resolve screen cloth blinding, clogging and pegging problems. The idea was to place crimped wires side by side on a flat surface, creating openings and then, in some way, holding them together over the support bars (crown bars or bucker bars). This would allow the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A caplet is a smooth, coated, oval-shaped medicinal tablet in the general shape of a capsule. Many caplets have an indentation running down the middle, so they may be split in half more easily. Consumers have viewed capsules as the most effective way to take medication ever since they first appeared. For this reason, p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polytypes are a special case of polymorphs, where multiple close-packed crystal structures differ in one dimension only. Polytypes have identical close-packed planes, but differ in the stacking sequence in the third dimension perpendicular to these planes. Silicon carbide (SiC) has more than 170 known polytypes, altho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Axiomatic thermodynamics is a mathematical discipline that aims to describe thermodynamics in terms of rigorous axioms, for example by finding a mathematically rigorous way to express the familiar laws of thermodynamics.
The first attempt at an axiomatic theory of thermodynamics was Constantin Carathéodorys 1909 work I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TaqMan probes consist of a fluorophore covalently attached to the 5’-end of the oligonucleotide probe and a quencher at the 3’-end. Several different fluorophores (e.g. 6-carboxyfluorescein, acronym: FAM, or tetrachlorofluorescein, acronym: TET) and quenchers (e.g. tetramethylrhodamine, acronym: TAMRA) are available. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the case of low material loss, the Nicolson–Ross–Weir method is known to be unstable for sample thicknesses at integer multiples of one half wavelength due to resonance phenomenon. Improvements over the standard algorithm have been presented in engineering literature to alleviate this effect. Furthermore, complete f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the study of partial differential equations, particularly in fluid dynamics, a self-similar solution is a form of solution which is similar to itself if the independent and dependent variables are appropriately scaled. Self-similar solutions appear whenever the problem lacks a characteristic length or time scale (f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Uranus has an active methane cycle. Methane is converted to hydrocarbons through photolysis which condenses and as they are heated, release methane which rises to the upper atmosphere.
Studies by Grundy et al. (2006) indicate active carbon cycles operates on Titania, Umbriel and Ariel and Oberon through the ongoing sub... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Norway as of July 2010, all new housing of more than two storeys, all new hotels, care homes, and hospitals must be sprinklered. Other Nordic countries require or soon will require sprinklers in new care homes, and in Finland a third of care homes were retrofitted with sprinklers. A fire in an illegal immigrant det... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Migratory aptitude is the relative ability of a migrating group to migrate in a rearrangement reaction. Migratory aptitudes vary in different reactions, depending on multiple factors.
In the Baeyer-Villiger reaction, the more substituted group, in general, migrates. In the pinacol rearrangement, the order of migrator... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Milk lipids are secreted in a unique manner by lactocytes, which are specialized epithelial cells within the alveoli of the lactating mammary gland.
The process takes place in multiple stages. First, fat synthesized within the endoplasmic reticulum accumulates in droplets between the inner and outer phospholipid monola... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first study which detected and quantified submarine groundwater discharge on a regional basis was done by Moore (1996) in the South Atlantic Bight off South Carolina. He measured enhanced radium-226 concentrations within the water column near shore and up to about from the shoreline. Radium-226 is a decay product ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Esketamine is eliminated from the human body more quickly than arketamine (R(–)-ketamine) or racemic ketamine, although arketamine slows the elimination of esketamine. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Silicon can form sigma bonds to other silicon atoms (and disilane is the parent of this class of compounds). However, it is difficult to prepare and isolate SiH (analogous to the saturated alkane hydrocarbons) with n greater than about 8, as their thermal stability decreases with increases in the number of silicon atom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Environmental radioactivity is not limited to actinides; non-actinides such as radon and radium are of note. While all actinides are radioactive, there are a lot of actinides or actinide-relating minerals in the Earth's crust such as uranium and thorium. These minerals are helpful in many ways, such as carbon-dating, m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An AFM probe has a sharp tip on the free-swinging end of a cantilever that protrudes from a holder. The dimensions of the cantilever are in the scale of micrometers. The radius of the tip is usually on the scale of a few nanometers to a few tens of nanometers. (Specialized probes exist with much larger end radii, for e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These are liquid solutions of one or more organic scintillators in an organic solvent. The typical solutes are fluors such as p-terphenyl (), PBD (), butyl PBD (), PPO (), and wavelength shifter such as POPOP (). The most widely used solvents are toluene, xylene, benzene, phenylcyclohexane, triethylbenzene, and decalin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tennant was born in Selby in Yorkshire. His father was Calvert Tennant (named after his grandmother Phyllis Calvert, a granddaughter of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore).
His own name derives from his grandmother Rebecca Smithson, widow of Joshua Hitchling. He attended Beverley Grammar School and there is a plaque... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology [https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-photochemistry-and-photobiology]
* ChemPhotoChem [https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23670932]
* Photochemistry and Photobiology [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17511097]
* Photochemical & Photo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pure calcium carbide is a colourless solid. The common crystalline form at room temperature is a distorted rock-salt structure with the C</sup> units lying parallel. There are three different polymorphs which appear at room temperature: the tetragonal structure and two different monoclinic structures. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Leonardo da Vinci designed a sprinkler system in the 15th century. Leonardo automated his patron's kitchen with a super-oven and a system of conveyor belts. In a comedy of errors, everything went wrong during a huge banquet, and a fire broke out. "The sprinkler system worked all too well, causing a flood that washed aw... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lipids (oleaginous) are chiefly fatty acid esters, and are the basic building blocks of biological membranes. Another biological role is energy storage (e.g., triglycerides). Most lipids consist of a polar or hydrophilic head (typically glycerol) and one to three non polar or hydrophobic fatty acid tails, and therefore... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An RBS instrument generally includes three essential components:
* An ion source, usually alpha particles (He ions) or, less commonly, protons.
* A linear particle accelerator capable of accelerating incident ions to high energies, usually in the range 1-3 MeV.
* A detector capable of measuring the energies of backscat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The amplification reaction initiates when multiple primer hexamers anneal to the template. When DNA synthesis proceeds to the next starting site, the polymerase displaces the newly produced DNA strand and continues its strand elongation. The strand displacement generates a newly synthesized single-stranded DNA template... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To estimate the surface energy of a pure, uniform material, an individual region of the material can be modeled as a cube. In order to move a cube from the bulk of a material to the surface, energy is required. This energy cost is incorporated into the surface energy of the material, which is quantified by:
where and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of Akadémiai Kiadó. It was established in 1969 as the Journal of Thermal Analysis, obtaining its current title in 1998. The journal covers all aspects of calorimetry, t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Highly crosslinked resins typically swell much less than the latter. The property that allows these types of resins to work efficiently lies in their porous properties. The reacting compound can diffuse through the porous layer of the resin to converge with the scavenger's functional group. These types of resins are ut... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* MicroMSI is endorsed by the NGA.
* Opticks is an open-source remote sensing application.
* Multispec is freeware multispectral analysis software.
* Gerbil is open source multispectral visualization and analysis software. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency () is the quantum yield of the energy-transfer transition, i.e. the probability of the energy-transfer event occurring per donor excitation event:
where
* is the rate of energy transfer,
* the radiative decay rate (fluorescence) of the donor,
* are non-radiative relaxatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Different types of radioactive decay are characterized by their changes in mass number as well as atomic number, according to the radioactive displacement law of Fajans and Soddy.
For example, uranium-238 usually decays by alpha decay, where the nucleus loses two neutrons and two protons in the form of an alpha partic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Practical engineering designs must first take into account safety as the primary goal. All designs should incorporate passive cooling in combination with refractory materials to prevent melting and reconfiguration of fissionables into geometries capable of un-intentional criticality. Blanket layers of Lithium bearing... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Potassium bifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula . This colourless salt consists of the potassium cation () and the bifluoride anion (). The salt is used as an etchant for glass. Sodium bifluoride is related and is also of commercial use as an etchant as well as in cleaning products. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is also possible to derive the Grashof number by physical definition of the number as follows:
However, above expression, especially the final part at the right hand side, is slightly different from Grashof number appearing in literature. Following dimensionally correct scale in terms of dynamic viscosity can be use... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photo-methionine can be used to label recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli cells; though methionine in general is a rare amino acid so that means it could only give limited structural data. Nevertheless, photo-methionine was incorporated into Ca regulating protein calmodulin (CaM that was 17-kDa) that has nine meth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Watt steam engine design became synonymous with steam engines, and it was many years before significantly new designs began to replace the basic Watt design.
The first steam engines, introduced by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, were of the "atmospheric" design. At the end of the power stroke, the weight of the object bei... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The alloy contains about 35–50% uranium and 1.5–4.0% carbon. At least two intermetallic compounds of iron and uranium were identified: UFe and UFe. Small amounts of uranium can drastically lower the melting point of iron and vice versa. reportedly melts at 1230 °C, at 805 °C; a mixture of these two can have melting p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is possible by bond valence calculations to estimate how great a contribution a given oxygen atom is making to the assumed valence of uranium. Zachariasen lists the parameters to allow such calculations to be done for many of the actinides. Bond valence calculations use parameters which are estimated after examinin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prior to the Montreal Protocol, large quantities of carbon tetrachloride were used to produce the chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants R-11 (trichlorofluoromethane) and R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane). However, these refrigerants play a role in ozone depletion and have been phased out. Carbon tetrachloride is still used to m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* EIA/JEDEC Standard EIA/JESD61: Isothermal Electromigration Test Procedure.
* EIA/JEDEC Standard EIA/JESD63: Standard method for calculating the electromigration model parameters for current density and temperature.
* [https://www.ifte.de/books/em/em_chap2.pdf Fundamentals of electromigration, Chapter 2] | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A large research effort involves approaches to know whether proteins have binding sites which are specific for particular lipids and whether the protein–lipid complexes can be considered to be long-lived, on the order of the time required for the turnover a typical enzyme, that is 10 sec. This is now known through the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
R-410A was invented and patented by Allied Signal (now Honeywell) in 1991. Other producers around the world have been licensed to manufacture and sell R-410A, but Honeywell continues to be the leader in capacity and sales. R-410A was successfully commercialized in the air conditioning segment by a combined effort of Ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Emmerling conducted post-doctoral research in the group of Prof. Claudia Felser at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz. In 2005, Emmerling moved to the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin as head of the working group on X-ray structure analysis. From 2010 until 2013 she held a guest ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the most common forms of pesticide application, especially in conventional agriculture, is the use of mechanical sprayers. Hydraulic sprayers consists of a tank, a pump, a lance (for single nozzles) or boom, and a nozzle (or multiple nozzles). Sprayers convert a pesticide formulation, often containing a mixture ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
IgA - IgE receptor - IGF type 1 receptor - IGF type 2 receptor - IgG - IgM - immediate-early protein - immune cell - immune system - immunoglobulin - immunoglobulin joining region - immunoglobulin variable region - immunologic receptor - immunology - In vivo - infrared spectroscopy - inhibin - inhibitor - inhibitory gi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Anti-graffiti coatings can be invisible to the naked eye. There are two different categories of anti-graffiti coatings. The first, sacrificial coatings, are applied to a surface and then removed when graffiti is applied. The surface underneath will be left clean and a new sacrificial coating can be applied. The other ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Binders promote the binding of pigment particles between themselves and the coating layer of the paper. Binders are spherical particles less than 1 µm in diameterr. Common binders are styrene maleic anhydride copolymer or styrene-acrylate copolymer. The surface chemical composition is differentiated by the adsorption o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A peptide library is a tool for studying proteins. Peptide libraries typically contain a large number of peptides that have a systematic combination of amino acids. Usually, solid phase synthesis, e.g. resin as a flat surface or beads, is used for peptide library generation. Peptide libraries are a popular tool for exp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In her final year at the University of Glasgow, Hitchins began to work with Frederick Soddy. When he moved to the University of Aberdeen as the Chair of Chemistry in 1914, Hitchins and another assistant, John A. Cranston, accompanied him. At Aberdeen, Hitchins was a Carnegie Research Scholar, receiving a one-year appoi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Papillomaviruses typically target epithelial cells and cause everything from warts to cervical cancer. When human papillomavirus (HPV) transforms a cell, it interferes with the function of cellular proteins while degrading other cellular proteins. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pulsatile secretion is a biochemical phenomenon observed in a wide variety of cell and tissue types, in which chemical products are secreted in a regular temporal pattern. The most common cellular products observed to be released in this manner are intercellular signaling molecules such as hormones or neurotransmitte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Non-linear kinematic wave for debris flow can be written as follows with complex non-linear coefficients:
where is the debris flow height, is the time, is the downstream channel position, is the pressure gradient and the depth dependent nonlinear variable wave speed, and is a flow height and pressure gradient depe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The concentrations of species in equilibrium are usually calculated under the assumption that activity coefficients are either known or can be ignored. In this case, each equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex in a set of multiple equilibria can be defined as follows
:α A + β B ... AB...;
The concentrati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stainless steel forms a passivation layer of chromium(III) oxide. Similar passivation behavior occurs with magnesium, titanium, zinc, zinc oxides, aluminium, polyaniline, and other electroactive conductive polymers.
Special "weathering steel" alloys such as Cor-Ten rust at a much slower rate than normal, because the ru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical structures of BNA monomers containing a bridge at the 2, 4-position of the ribose to afford a 2, 4-BNA monomer as synthesized by Takeshi Imanishi's group. The nature of the bridge can vary for different types of monomers. The 3D structures for A-RNA and B-DNA were used as a template for the design of the BNA m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Autophagy is a self-degradative mechanism that regulates energy sources during growth and reaction to dietary stress. Autophagy also cleans up after itself, clearing aggregated proteins, cleaning damaged structures including mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum and eradicating intracellular infections. Additionally, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tetraanthraporphyrin exhibit strongly red-shifted and hyperchromic absorption bands. The maximum of absorption is about 830 nm. The molar extinction coefficients reach 10 scale. Very strong red-shift of absorption by about 90 nm upon protonation of nitrogen atoms and blue-shift by 20−40 nm upon metal insertion are obse... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The upcasting (up-casting, upstream, or upward casting) is a method of either vertical or horizontal continuous casting of rods and pipes of various profiles (cylindrical, square, hexagonal, slabs etc.) of 8-30mm in diameter. Copper (Cu), bronze (Cu·Sn alloy), nickel alloys are usually used because of greater casting ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrolysis in an aqueous solution is a similar process as mentioned in electrolysis of water. However, it is considered to be a complex process because the contents in solution have to be analyzed in half reactions, whether reduced or oxidized. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to crystallographic space groups there are also magnetic space groups (also called two-color (black and white) crystallographic groups or Shubnikov groups). These symmetries contain an element known as time reversal. They treat time as an additional dimension, and the group elements can include time reversa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, folding is the process by which a molecule assumes its shape or conformation. The process can also be described as intramolecular self-assembly, a type of molecular self-assembly, where the molecule is directed to form a specific shape through noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, metal coo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ions in crystal lattices of purely ionic compounds are spherical; however, if the positive ion is small and/or highly charged, it will distort the electron cloud of the negative ion, an effect summarised in Fajans' rules. This polarization of the negative ion leads to a build-up of extra charge density between the two ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The World Health Organization classifies cefalexin as highly important for human medicine. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Townsend discharge can be sustained only over a limited range of gas pressure and electric field intensity. The accompanying plot shows the variation of voltage drop and the different operating regions for a gas-filled tube with a constant pressure, but a varying current between its electrodes. The Townsend avalanche... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transcriptome analysis is the study of all the RNA transcripts that are produced by the genome of an organism. Linked-read sequencing has been used by researchers to assemble transcript isoforms and alternative splicing events. Information regarding alternative splicing events can provide insights into the regulation o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical measures of water quality include dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, nutrients (nitrates and phosphorus), heavy metals, soil chemicals (including copper, zinc, cadmium, lead and mercury), and pesticides. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The second phase of the $170 million Human Microbiome Project was focused on integrating patient data to different omic datasets, considering host genetics, clinical information and microbiome composition. The phase one focused on characterization of communities in different body sites. Phase 2 focused in the integrati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In medicine, this property is used to create droppers and IV infusion sets which have a standardized diameter, in such a way that 1 millilitre is equivalent to 20 drops. When smaller amounts are necessary (such as paediatrics), microdroppers or paediatric infusion sets are used, in which 1 millilitre = 60 microdrops. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As in many other systems, vortices can exist in BECs.
Vortices can be created, for example, by "stirring" the condensate with lasers,
rotating the confining trap,
or by rapid cooling across the phase transition.
The vortex created will be a quantum vortex with core shape determined by the interactions. Fluid circul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most tests will incorporate a second line which contains a further antibody (one which is not specific to the analyte) that binds some of the remaining colored particles which did not bind to the test line. This confirms that fluid has passed successfully from the sample-application pad, past the test line. By giving c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Donna M. Huryn is an American medicinal and organic chemist. She received her B.A. (chemistry) from Cornell University, and Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania. She is on the faculty at the University of Pittsburgh’s school of pharmacy, holds an adjunct appointment in the department of chemi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Defined by the monoclonal antibody MBr1, Globo H has been isolated from breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and its structure has been determined through several analyses, including NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. Globo H consists of a hexasaccharide of the structure Fucα(1-2)Galβ(1-3)GalNAcβ(1-3)Galα(1-4)Galβ(1-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The lipid pump sequesters carbon from the oceans surface to deeper waters via lipids associated with overwintering vertically migratory zooplankton. Lipids are a class of hydrocarbon rich, nitrogen and phosphorus deficient compounds essential for cellular structures. The lipid associated carbon enters the deep ocean as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Epimerization is a chemical process where an epimer is converted to its diastereomeric counterpart. It can happen in condensed tannins depolymerization reactions. Epimerization can be spontaneous (generally a slow process), or catalysed by enzymes, e.g. the epimerization between the sugars N-acetylglucosamine and N-ace... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Warburg coefficient (or Warburg constant; denoted or ) is the diffusion coefficient of ions in solution, associated to the Warburg element, . The Warburg coefficient has units of
The value of can be obtained by the gradient of the Warburg plot, a linear plot of the real impedance () against the reciprocal of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Conjugated systems form the basis of chromophores, which are light-absorbing parts of a molecule that can cause a compound to be colored. Such chromophores are often present in various organic compounds and sometimes present in polymers that are colored or glow in the dark. Chromophores often consist of a series of con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the BGIT, we assumed that a CH always makes a constant contribution to ΔH° values for cyclic system. H° values for a number of structures and represents an average value that gives the best agreement with the range of experimental data. In contrast, the strain energy of cyclobutane is specific to the parent compound... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Soderholm's more recent projects use machine learning to understand the influence of complex molecular structuring in solutions, in connection with low-energy processes for separation of f-block elements from complex mixtures. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are metal-organic frameworks similar to zeolites. Because of their porosity, chemical stability and thermal resistance, ZIFs are being examined for their capacity to capture carbon dioxide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physical chemistry, the Arrhenius equation is a formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates. The equation was proposed by Svante Arrhenius in 1889, based on the work of Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van t Hoff who had noted in 1884 that the van t Hoff equation for the temperature dependence of equilibr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The above techniques can be combined with computational methods to estimate staining levels without staining the cell. These approaches, generally, rely on training a deep-convolutional neural network to perform imaging remapping, converting the bright-field or phase image into a fluorescent image. By decoupling the tr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Certain materials, such as glass and glycerol, may harden without crystallizing; these are called amorphous solids. Amorphous materials, as well as some polymers, do not have a freezing point, as there is no abrupt phase change at any specific temperature. Instead, there is a gradual change in their viscoelastic proper... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In dimensional analysis, a ratio which converts one unit of measure into another without changing the quantity is called a conversion factor. For example, kPa and bar are both units of pressure, and . The rules of algebra allow both sides of an equation to be divided by the same expression, so this is equivalent to . ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The earliest reports of tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy typically used a Raman microscope coupled with an atomic force microscope. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM-TERS) has also become a reliable technique, since it utilizes the gap mode plasmon between the metallic pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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