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The simplest test to evaluate whether a coal is suitable for production of coke is the free swelling index test. This involves heating a small sample of coal in a standardised crucible to around 800 degrees Celsius (1500 °F).<br>
After heating for a specified time, or until all volatiles are driven off, a small coke bu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sociedad Española de Construcciones Electromecánicas (abbreviated as SECEM), colloquially known as "electro", was a Spanish company in the non-ferrous metals industry that operated between 1917 and 1978. Throughout its existence it was one of the most important Spanish companies in the copper sector, having its main ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As it is the precise mixture of minerals dissolved in the water, together with water's pH and temperature, that determine the behaviour of the hardness, a single-number scale does not adequately describe hardness. However, the United States Geological Survey uses the following classification for hard and soft water:
Se... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Autoreceptor inhibition leads to increase respective neurotransmitter release. Major autoreceptor which clinically important are alpha 2(adrenergic receptor subtype 2), H 3(histamine receptor subtype 3), 5 HT 1(serotonin receptor subtype 1). In which respective drugs act are Clonidine on alpha 2 as Agonist used in hype... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The discovery of the internucleosomal fragmentation of genomic DNA to regular repeating oligonucleosomal fragments generated by Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease is accepted as one of the best-characterized biochemical markers of apoptosis (programmed cell death).
In 1970, described that cytoplasmic DNA isolated from mouse... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Mayo–Lewis equation or copolymer equation in polymer chemistry describes the distribution of monomers in a copolymer. It was proposed by Frank R. Mayo and Frederick M. Lewis.
The equation considers a monomer mix of two components and and the four different reactions that can take place at the reactive chain end t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NF-Y is a heterotrimeric complex composed of NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC subunits. The key structural feature of the NF-Y/DNA complex is the minor-groove interaction of its DNA binding domain-containing subunit NF-YA, which induces an ~80° bend in the DNA. NF-YB and NF-YC interact with DNA through non-specific histone-fold... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hillhouse was gay, although he did not come out openly in his professional career until later in his life. In his career as a teacher and mentor, he served as a role model for younger LGBTQ+ chemists. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Systems Biology Ontology (SBO) is a set of controlled, relational vocabularies of terms commonly used in systems biology, and in particular in computational modeling. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tramadol induces analgesic effects through a variety of different targets on the noradrenergic system, serotoninergic system, and opioid receptors system. Tramadol exists as a racemic mixture, the positive enantiomer inhibits serotonin reuptake while the negative enantiomer inhibits noradrenaline re-uptake, by binding ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ionic relaxation comprises ionic conductivity and interfacial and space charge relaxation. Ionic conductivity predominates at low frequencies and introduces only losses to the system. Interfacial relaxation occurs when charge carriers are trapped at interfaces of heterogeneous systems. A related effect is Maxwell-Wagne... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DNA adenine methyltransferase identification, often abbreviated DamID, is a molecular biology protocol used to map the binding sites of DNA- and chromatin-binding proteins in eukaryotes. DamID identifies binding sites by expressing the proposed DNA-binding protein as a fusion protein with DNA methyltransferase. Binding... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A number of organic compounds form charge-transfer complex, which are often described as electron-donor-acceptor complexes (EDA complexes). Typical acceptors are nitrobenzenes or tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). The strength of their interaction with electron donors correlates with the ionization potentials of the componen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The fundamental resolution equation is used in chromatography to help relate adjustable chromatographic parameters to resolution, and is as follows:
R = [N/4][(α-1)/α][k/(1+k)], where
N = Number of theoretical plates
α = Selectivity Term = k/k
The [N/4] term is the column factor, the [(α-1)/α] term is the thermodynamic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Blanco co-founded Sunthetics, along with fellow NYU graduate, Myriam Sbeiti, and NYU professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Miguel Modestino.
The idea for Sunthetics was born while Blanco was a PhD student at NYU working on her PhD thesis. Her goal was to find a way to efficiently power chemical reactions ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 2014 – 2017 Corbion, Corbion Thermophiles. Prime investigator €530k
* 2010-2013 Purac, Competence in industrial Bacillus strains. Prime investigator €420k
* 2004 – 2007 DSM Bakery Ingredients B.V. Sense: Screening for protein secretion using secretion stress indicators. Prime investigator €640k
* 2001 – 2005 Frico... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transformation and annealing twinning takes place when a cooling crystal experiences a displacive polymorphic transition. For example, leucite has an isometric crystal structure above about , but becomes tetragonal below this temperature. Any one of the three original axes of a crystal can become the long axis when th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first monosaccharide attached in the synthesis of O-linked glycans is N-acetyl-galactosamine. After this, several different pathways are possible. A Core 1 structure is generated by the addition of galactose. A Core 2 structure is generated by the addition of N-acetyl-glucosamine to the N-acetyl-galactosamine of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rollover (also known as flameover) is a stage of a structure fire when fire gases in a room or other enclosed area ignite. Since heated gases, the product of pyrolysis, rise to the ceiling, this is where a rollover phenomenon is most often witnessed. Visually, this may be seen as flames "rolling" across the ceiling, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-containing compounds, such as carbides, carbonates (excluding carbonate esters), simple oxides of carbon (for example, CO and carbon dioxide|) and cyanides are generally considered inorganic compounds. Different forms (allotropes) of pure carbon, such as dia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Computers & Chemical Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of process systems engineering. The journal accepts general papers on process systems engineering, as well as emerging new areas and topics for new developments in the application of computing and systems technology to c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The main function of the DREAM complex is to repress G1/S and G2/M gene expression during quiescence (G). Entry into the cell cycle dissociates p130 from the complex and leads to subsequent recruitment of activating E2F proteins. This allows for the expression of E2F regulated late G1 and S phase genes. BMYB (MYBL2), w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
De la Pirotechnia is considered to be one of the first printed books on metallurgy to have been published in Europe. It was written in Italian and first published in Venice in 1540. The author was Vannoccio Biringuccio, a citizen of Siena, Italy, who died before it was published. Further editions were published in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, cryptands are a family of synthetic, bicyclic and polycyclic, multidentate ligands for a variety of cations. The Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1987 was given to Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, and Charles J. Pedersen for their efforts in discovering and determining uses of cryptands and crown ethers, thu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Urbain led the laboratories of the Compagnie Générale d’Electricité from 1899 to 1904. Among the topics he studied was the use of rare earth oxides to manufacture arc lamps. Next he became a teacher at the École de Physique et Chimie (1905-1906) and the Sorbonne (1906, 1908). In 1907 Urbain joined the Commission ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a hydrogen bond (or H-bond) is primarily an electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen (H) atom which is covalently bonded to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group (Dn), and another electronegative atom bearing a lone pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor (Ac). Such an interacting ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbonate in marine sediments predominantly comes from calcifying organisms, with a minor contribution from diagenesis and precipitation. Biogenic calcium carbonate has two polymorphs; calcite by foraminifera and coccolith and aragonite by corals and pteropods. While the distribution of foraminifera is generally global... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The inside of the V (of total opening 39° as indicated above) is filled with transverse curved waves, each of which resembles an arc of a circle centered at a point lying on the path at a distance twice that of the arc to the wake source. This part of the pattern is independent of the speed and size of the wake source ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Process requirements may change causing compressor conditions to vary. The compressor may be driven by a variable speed or constant speed machine. If driven by a constant speed electric motor it may be controlled with variable inlet guide vanes or suction and discharge throttling. Welch shows the effect of variable van... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Spegatrine is an α- and α-adrenergic receptor antagonist isolated from Rauvolfia verticillata. Its dimer dispegatrine has greater antagonist affinity for α-adrenergic receptors. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Under certain hydrological parameters, some aquifers are more prone to contamination than other aquifers. The parameters that are taken into consideration when calculating the vulnerability of aquifers to contamination are: depth to water (factor d), net recharge (factor r), aquifer media (factor a), soil media (facto... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The common names of acyl groups are derived typically by replacing the -ic acid suffix of the corresponding carboxylic acid's common name with -yl (or -oyl), as shown in the table below.
In the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry, the systematic names of acyl groups are derived exactly by replacing the -yl suffix o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ecosan approach has been criticized for being overly focused on reuse in agriculture, whilst neglecting some of the other criteria for sustainable sanitation. In fact, ecosan systems can be "unsustainable", for example, if there is too little user acceptance or if the costs of the system are too high for a given ta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The concept of saturation can be described using various naming systems, formulas, and analytical tests. For instance, IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming conventions used to describe the type and location of unsaturation within organic compounds. The "degree of unsaturation" is a formula used to summarize and dia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lidocaine, a local anesthetic, has multiple inhibitory actions on the receptor and analysis of the structure of lidocaine has identified the presence of a hydrophobic aromatic ring and a hydrophilic terminal amine. Diethylamine (DEA), a molecule that mimics the hydrophilic moiety of lidocaine by way of a positively cha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The concentrations of O, and O are indistinguishable between VSMOW and VSMOW2, and between SLAP and SLAP2. The specification sheet gives the standard errors in these measurements. The concentration of H is unchanged in VSMOW2 as well, but is slightly increased in SLAP2. The IAEA reports:
* = , (Compare −428‰ for SLAP.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Suppose that trans-cis-trans-2,4,6-octatriene is converted to under thermal conditions. Since the substrate octatriene is a "4n + 2" molecule, the Woodward–Hoffmann rules predict that the reaction happens in a disrotatory mechanism.
Since thermal electrocyclic reactions occur in the HOMO, it is first necessary to dra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In exterior of the disc of radius the Biot-Savart law
restores the velocity field which is induced by the vorticity with zero-circularity and given constant velocity at infinity.
No-slip condition for
leads to the relations for :
where
is the Kronecker delta, , are the cartesian coordinates of .
In particular,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Studies for the use of ESL as an anticonvulsant for children are under way .
Like oxcarbazepine, ESL has potential uses for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and bipolar disorder. A 2015 assessment showed no statistical difference to placebo for the latter disorder. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most basic mechanistic flow for RNA Silencing is as follows:
(For a more detailed explanation of the mechanism, refer to the RNAi:Cellular mechanism article.)
1: RNA with inverted repeats hairpin/panhandle constructs --> 2: dsRNA --> 3: miRNAs/siRNAs --> 4: RISC --> 5: Destruction of target mRNA
# It has been disco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For each equilibrium involving a host, H, and a guest G
the equilibrium constant, , is defined as
The values of the free concentrations, and are obtained by solving the equations of mass balance with known or estimated values for the stability constants.
Then, the concentrations of each complex species may also be c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The protein CTCF plays a heavy role in repressing the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene, by binding to the H-19 imprinting control region (ICR) along with differentially-methylated region-1 (DMR1) and MAR3. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dry nylon-6 has a glass transition temperature of . Nylon-6,6 in the dry state has a glass transition temperature of about . Whereas polyethene has a glass transition range of
The above are only mean values, as the glass transition temperature depends on the cooling rate and molecular weight distribution and could be ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has been noted that for every degeneracy along a reaction coordinate there is a molecular orbital crossing. Thus for the butadiene to cyclobutene conversion, the two Möbius (here conrotatory) and Hückel (here disrotatory) modes are shown in Figure 5. The starting MOs are depicted in the center of the correlation dia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic, stochastic property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and velocity in space and time. The satellite view of weather around Robinson Crusoe Islands illustrates... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After decades of research, EMPA researchers and others are experimenting with concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the thermal storage or seasonal reservoir medium for power plants and domestic space-heating. If water is added to solid or concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH), heat is released. The dilution is exothe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kyle was born in Stirling, Scotland on 2 February 1838. He completed an apprenticeship with an Edinburgh pharmacy in 1854 and became assistant to Dr Stevenson Macadam, lecturer in chemistry to Surgeons' Hall, Edinburgh. He made his first scientific discovery at the age of 18. Moving to the field of industrial chemis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A number of techniques exist to quantitatively analyze metallographic specimens. These techniques are valuable in the research and production of all metals and alloys and non-metallic or composite materials.
Microstructural quantification is performed on a prepared, two-dimensional plane through the three-dimensional ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As of 2022, there have been five Nobel Prizes in Physics for superconductivity related subjects:
* Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1913), "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium".
* John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, and J. Robert Schrieffer (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bridgman’s theorem restricts the type of function that can be used to define a physical quantity from general (dimensionally compounded) quantities to only products of powers of the quantities, unless some of the independent quantities are algebraically combined to yield dimensionless groups, whose functions are groupe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paritaprevir (previously known as ABT-450) is an acylsulfonamide inhibitor of the NS3-4A serine protease manufactured by Abbott Laboratories that shows promising results as a treatment of hepatitis C. When given in combination with ritonavir and ribavirin for 12 weeks, the rate of sustained virologic response at 24 we... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many modifications have been reported that influence the reactivity of this reagent. The compound adopts a complex cluster structure (the adjacent picture is a simplified cartoon), and additives that modify the cluster affect the reactivity of the reagent. For example, DMF, DMSO, hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), and 18... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of concerns over Peak oil, pollution and climate change, as well the oil price increases since 2003, non-petroleum alternatives have become more popular. This has led to the introduction of biobitumen alternatives that are more environmentally friendly and nontoxic.
For millions of people living in and around ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
__NOTOC__
Cleavage factors are two closely associated protein complexes involved in the cleavage of the 3' untranslated region of a newly synthesized pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in the process of gene transcription. The cleavage is the first step in adding a polyadenine tail to the pre-mRNA, which is one of the n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sublimation is a direct phase transition from the solid phase to the gas phase, skipping the intermediate liquid phase. Because it does not involve the liquid phase, it is not a form of vaporization. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The slow but continuous production of hydrogen in deep low-permeability argillaceous formations could represent a problem for the long-term disposal of radioactive waste (Ortiz et al., 2001; Nagra, 2008; recent Nagra NTB reports). Indeed, a gas pressure build-up could occur if the rate of hydrogen production by the ana... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Leslie Hicks is an American associate professor of analytical chemistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her work primarily focuses on the study of proteomics and protein post-translational modifications using mass spectrometry, and identifying biologically active peptides in plants. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Imprelis is a selective herbicide created by DuPont. The active ingredient is aminocyclopyrachlor, a synthetic auxin. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Co-translational and post-translational covalent modifications enable proteins to develop higher levels of complexity in cellular function, further adding diversity to the proteome. The addition of myristoyl-CoA to a protein can occur during protein translation or after. During co-translational addition of the myristoy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A large class of drugs are enzyme inhibitors that bind to enzymes in the body and inhibit their activity. In this case it is the drug-target residence time (the length of time the drug stays bound to the target) that is of interest. Drugs with long residence times are desirable because they remain effective for longer ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drugs from the same therapeutic or chemical class are usually given names with the same stem. Stems are mostly placed word-finally, but in some cases word-initial stems are used. They are collected in a publication informally known as the Stem Book.
Examples are:
* -anib for angiogenesis inhibitors (e.g. pazopanib)
* -... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Barber–Layden–Power effect (BLP effect or colloquially Bleep) is a blast wave phenomenon observed in the immediate aftermath of the successful functioning of air-delivered high-drag ordnance at the target. In common with a typical blast wave, the flow field can be approximated as a lead shock wave, followed by a s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering environmental toxicology and environmental chemistry. It was established in 1982 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell in conjunction with the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. The founding editor-in-chief was C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stable isotopes do not decay, and the heavy and light isotope masses affect how they partition within the environment. Any deviation from a random distribution of the light and heavy isotopes within the environment is called fractionation, and consistent fractionations as a result of a particular process or reaction ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The potential energy density
with ρ the fluid density, is one of the infinite number of invariants of the KdV equation. This can be seen by multiplying the KdV equation with the surface elevation η(x,t); after repeated use of the chain rule the result is:
which is in conservation form, and is an invariant after integra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Elastomerically bound recycled glass porous pavement consisting of bonding processed post-consumer glass with a mixture of resins, pigments, granite and binding agents. Approximately 75 percent of glass in the U.S. is disposed in landfills. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The nucleosome contains over 120 direct protein-DNA interactions and several hundred water-mediated ones. Direct protein - DNA interactions are not spread evenly about the octamer surface but rather located at discrete sites. These are due to the formation of two types of DNA binding sites within the octamer; the α1α1 ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The direct liquid-introduction (DLI) interface was developed in 1980. This interface was intended to solve the problem of evaporation of liquid inside the capillary inlet interface. In DLI, a small portion of the LC flow was forced through a small aperture or diaphragm (typically 10 μm in diameter) to form a liquid jet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Interactions between various objects were studied within the DH and PB models by many researchers. Some of the relevant results are summarized in the following.
Non-planar geometries: Objects of other than planar geometries can be treated within the Derjaguin approximation, provided their size is substantially larger ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A PV diagram plots the change in pressure P with respect to volume V for some process or processes. Typically in thermodynamics, the set of processes forms a cycle, so that upon completion of the cycle there has been no net change in state of the system; i.e. the device returns to the starting pressure and volume.
The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The simplest type of foil is a flat plate. When set at an angle (the angle of attack) to the flow the plate will deflect the fluid passing over and under it, and this deflection will result in a lift force on the plate. However, while it does generate lift, it also generates a large amount of drag.
Since even a flat pl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*5.B.1 The Phagocyte (gp91phox) NADPH Oxidase Family
*5.B.2 The Eukaryotic Cytochrome b561 (Cytb561) Family
*5.B.3 The Geobacter Nanowire Electron Transfer (G-NET) Family
*5.B.4 The Plant Photosystem I Supercomplex (PSI) Family
*5.B.5 The Extracellular Metal Oxido-Reductase (EMOR) Family
*5.B.6 The Transmembrane Epithe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The International Association for Sports Surface Sciences (ISSS) is the union of labs and experts in the field of sports surfaces. It was founded in 1985 in Switzerland. Its aims are the exchange of information and ideas regarding testing sports surfaces such as sports hall floors, synthetic surfaces of athletic tracks... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metalation (Alt. spelling: Metallation) is a chemical reaction that forms a bond to a metal. This reaction usually refers to the replacement of a halogen atom in an organic molecule with a metal atom, resulting in an organometallic compound. In the laboratory, metalation is commonly used to activate organic molecules d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During barcode sequencing, high molecular weight DNA samples that contain the targeted DNA sequence, ranging from fifty to several hundred kilobases in size, are combined with gel beads containing unique barcodes, enzymes, and sequencing reagents. Microfluidic device can partition input DNA molecules into individual na... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Seyferth was born in 1929 in Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany, and received his college education at the University of Buffalo. His PhD thesis dealt with main group chemistry under the mentorship of Eugene G. Rochow at Harvard. Seyferth spent his entire academic career at , focusing initially on organophosphorus, organosilic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When acidic solution of ephedrine or pseudoephedrine is mixed with copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide solutions, a violet color is formed. Upon shaking with ether, the organic phase turns red/purple and the aqueous phase turns blue. The staining is based on the formation of a coordination complex of two ephedrine mole... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following content uses protein primary structure single-letter location. A "[n]" prefix indicates the N-terminus and a "[c]" suffix indicates the C-terminus; sequences lacking either are found in the middle of the protein. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An equation of state introduced by R. H. Cole
where is a reference density, is the adiabatic index, and is a parameter with pressure units. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the flow is chaotic, then small initial errors, , in a
trajectory will diverge exponentially.
We are interested in calculating the stability—i.e., how fast do nearby
trajectories diverge?
The Jacobi matrix of the velocity field,
provides information about the local rate of divergence of
nearby trajectories or ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nuclear spins exhibit a magnetic dipole moment, which generates a magnetic field that interacts with the dipole moments of other nuclei (dipolar coupling). The magnitude of the interaction is dependent on the gyromagnetic ratio of the spin species, the internuclear distance r, and the orientation, with respect to the e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews. It covers all topics pertaining to physical chemistry. The editors are Todd J. Martínez (Stanford University) and Anne McCoy (University of Washington). As of 2023, Annual Review of Physical Chemistry is being publ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
KAP1 forms a complex with MDM2 (a ubiquitin E3 ligase) that binds to p53. The complex marks the bound p53 for degradation. p53 is a known precursor of apoptosis that facilitates the synthesis of proteins necessary for cell death so its degradation results in apoptosis inhibition. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As an ACE inhibitor, moexipril causes a decrease in ACE. This blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Blockage of angiotensin II limits hypertension within the vasculature. Additionally, moexipril has been found to possess cardioprotective properties. Rats given moexipril one week prior to induction o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ores mined for their base metal content often contain precious metals, usually gold and silver. These have to be removed from the base metals as part of the refining processes used to purify the metals. In the case of copper electrolytic refining, the gold and silver fall to the bottom of the electrolytic refining cell... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
C/EBPβ function is regulated by multiple mechanisms, including phosphorylation, acetylation, activation, autoregulation, and repression via other transcription factors, oncogenic elements, or chemokines. C/EBPβ can interact with CREB, NF-κB, and other proteins, leading to a trans-activation potential.
Phosphorylation o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inclusions are usually other minerals or rocks, but may also be water, gas or petroleum. Liquid or vapor inclusions are known as fluid inclusions. In the case of amber it is possible to find insects and plants as inclusions.
The analysis of atmospheric gas bubbles as inclusions in ice cores is an important tool in the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Temperature ranges are defined as room temperature for certain products and processes in industry, science, standards, and consumer goods. For instance, for the shipping and storage of pharmaceuticals, the United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF) defines controlled room temperature as between , with excur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lowering photorespiration may not result in increased growth rates for plants. Photorespiration may be necessary for the assimilation of nitrate from soil. Thus, a lowering in photorespiration by genetic engineering or because of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide may not benefit plants as has been proposed. Several... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To 6.25 g (50 mmol) of 4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one and 0.5 g (5.6 mmol) of cuprous cyanide in 400 mL of diethyl ether at –23° under argon was added 100 mL (~0.75 M in diethyl ether) of 5-trimethylsilyl-4-pentynylmagnesium iodide during 4 hours. Methyl chloroformate (8 mL, 100 mmol) was added and stirring continued ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chlorprothixene's principal indications are the treatment of psychotic disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) and of acute mania occurring as part of bipolar disorders.
Other uses are pre- and postoperative states with anxiety and insomnia, severe nausea / emesis (in hospitalized patients), the amelioration of anxiety and agit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During the night, a plant employing CAM has its stomata open, allowing to enter and be fixed as organic acids by a PEP reaction similar to the pathway. The resulting organic acids are stored in vacuoles for later use, as the Calvin cycle cannot operate without ATP and NADPH, products of light-dependent reactions that... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bone ash can be used alone as an organic fertilizer or it can be treated with sulfuric acid to form a "single superphosphate" fertilizer which is more water soluble:
:Ca(PO) + 2 HSO + 5 HO → 2 CaSO·2HO + Ca(HPO)·HO
Similarly, phosphoric acid can be used to form triple superphosphate, a more concentrated phosphorus fert... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ampicillin overdose can cause behavioral changes, confusion, blackouts, and convulsions, as well as neuromuscular hypersensitivity, electrolyte imbalance, and kidney failure. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular recognition events mediated through orbital interactions are critical in a number of biological processes such as enzyme catalysis. Stabilizing interactions between proteins and carbohydrates in glycosylated proteins also exemplify the role of stereoelectronic effects in biomolecules. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After attending University High School, Melbourne (1939–42), Greenwood read Chemistry at the University of Melbourne and graduated with a BSc in 1945 and an MSc in 1948. In 1948, he was awarded the Exhibition of 1851 Scholarship to enable him to read for a PhD at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge under the supervision o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These groups may contain only two-fold axes, mirror planes, and/or an inversion center. These are the crystallographic point groups 1 and (triclinic crystal system), 2, m, and (monoclinic), and 222, , and mm2 (orthorhombic). (The short form of is mmm.) If the symbol contains three positions, then they denote symmetr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reactive compatibilization is a procedure in which immiscible polymer blends are compatibilized by creating copolymers in the solution or melt state. Copolymers are formed when the proper functional groups in each component of the immiscible blend interact in the compatibilization process. These interactions include hy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While almost all foodstuffs are derived from the natural products of plants and animals, natural foods are often assumed to be foods that are not processed, or do not contain any food additives, or do not contain particular additives such as hormones, antibiotics, sweeteners, food colors, preservatives, or flavorings t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nickel monosilicide can be prepared by depositing a nickel layer on silicon and subsequent annealing. In the case of Ni films with thicknesses above 4 nm, the normal phase transition is given by NiSi at 250 °C followed by NiSi at 350 °C and NiSi at approximately 800 °C. For films with an initial Ni thickness below 4 nm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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