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Reporter genes can be used to assay for the expression of a gene of interest that is normally difficult to quantitatively assay. Reporter genes can produce a protein that has little obvious or immediate effect on the cell culture or organism. They are ideally not present in the native genome to be able to isolate repor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This method is well suited to irregular rock samples (e.g. those found in drill cuttings) and is typically used to understand the relationship between capillary pressure and the porous structure of the sample. In this method, the pores of the sample rock are evacuated, followed by mercury filling the pores with increas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some of the earliest, published studies on sweat composition date back to the 19th century. Further studies in the 20th century began to solidify understanding of the physiology and pharmacology of the eccrine sweat gland. In-vivo and in-vitro studies from this time period, and even those continuing today, have ident... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another example of non-Newtonian fluid flow is chilled caramel ice cream topping (so long as it incorporates hydrocolloids such as carrageenan and gellan gum). The sudden application of force—by stabbing the surface with a finger, for example, or rapidly inverting the container holding it—causes the fluid to behave lik... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The EFI is developing an integrated sequence-structure based strategy for functional assignment by predicting the substrate specificities of unknown members of mechanistically diverse enzyme superfamilies. The approach leverages conserved features within a given superfamily such as known chemistry, identity of active ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When an anomeric center is involved in a glycosidic bond (as is common in nature) then one can distinguish between α- and β-glycosidic bonds by the relative stereochemistry of the anomeric position and the stereocenter furthest from C1 in the saccharide.
Pharmacologists often join substances to glucuronic acid via glyc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*The reaction has been attempted in the microwave, improving yields with the α-glucopyranoside to 88% and reducing the reaction time significantly to 14 minutes.
*The original paper by Tipson and Cohen also used acyclic sugars to illustrate the utility of the reaction. Thus the reaction is not limited to cyclic carbohy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stereoscopic spectroscopy is a type of imaging spectroscopy that can extract a few spectral parameters over a complete image plane simultaneously. A stereoscopic spectrograph is similar to a normal spectrograph except that (A) it has no slit, and (B) multiple spectral orders (often including the non-dispersed zero ord... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An aircraft's static pressure system is the key input to its altimeter and, along with the pitot pressure system, also drives the airspeed indicator.
The static pressure system is open to the aircrafts exterior through a small opening called the static port, which allows sensing the ambient atmospheric pressure at the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recombinant DNA (rDNA), or molecular cloning, is the process by which a single gene, or segment of DNA, is isolated and amplified. Recombinant DNA is also known as in vitro recombination. A cloning vector is a DNA molecule that carries foreign DNA into a host cell, where it replicates, producing many copies of itself a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Members of the SOBER1 family are considered closely related to acyl-protein thioesterases, judged by their protein structure. However, a change in their amino acid sequence renders SOBER1's biochemical properties into a deacetylase; in particular the hydrophobic tunnel, which is found in acyl-protein thioesterases, is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many ligands are known to form homoleptic and mixed ligand complexes that are analogous to the metal carbonyls. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP), (TAP-2), (TAP-3) is an experimental technique for studying
the kinetics of physico-chemical interactions
between gases and complex solid materials, primarily heterogeneous catalysts.
The TAP methodology is based on short pulse-response experiments at low background pressure (10-10... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are a number of different distinct classes of protein mimetics.
*Antibody mimetic - Molecules that mimic antigen binding activity of antibodies
*Peptidomimetic - Small protein-like chains designed to mimic larger peptide.
*Phosphomimetics - An amino acid substitution or modification which mimic the effect of pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LASiS has some limitations in the size control of NMNp, which can be overcome by laser treatments of NMNp. Other cons of LASiS include: the slow rate of NPs production, high consumption of energy, laser equipment cost, and decreased ablation efficiency with longer usage of the laser within a session. Other pros of LAS... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The addition of surfactants does not always have a positive effect on all properties. The water resistance of the coating can be decreased with surfactant addition since surfactants can be very water-soluble and will easily wash out of a coating. This problem of moisture resistance is particularly prevalent problem for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EPANET hydraulics engine computes headlosses along the pipes by using one of the three formulas:
*Hazen-Williams formula: used to model full flow conditions under simplified conditions (turbulent flow, temperature around 60 degrees Fahrenheit, and viscosity similar to water) https://www.epa.gov/water-research/epanet
*D... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Tooth organoid (TO) (see also tooth regeneration)
* Thyroid organoid
* Thymic organoid
::Thymic organoids recapitulate at least partly the architecture and stem-cell niche functionality of the thymus, which is a lymphoid organ where T cells mature. Thymic organoids have been generated through the seeding of thymic st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Quantitative studies of enzymatic reactions often found that the acceleration of chemical reaction speed cannot be fully explained by existing theories like the approximation, acid/base catalysis and electrophile/nucleophile catalysis. And there is an obvious paradox: in reversible enzymatic reaction if the active site... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ordinarily, the probability of the triple-alpha process is extremely small. However, the beryllium-8 ground state has almost exactly the energy of two alpha particles. In the second step, Be + He has almost exactly the energy of an excited state of C. This resonance greatly increases the probability that an incoming al... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
George Simmons Hammond was born on May 22, 1921, in Auburn, Maine. Growing up in Auburn his family were charged with the operation of the neighborhood dairy farm on Hardscrapple Road. His father died when Hammond was thirteen. He was the oldest of seven children and was raised by a single mother. From an early age Hamm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
She worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Bell Laboratories for a year afterward before joining the University of Texas at Austins Chemical Engineering Department. During her time at Bell Labs, Loo, along with Julia Hsu, accidentally uncovered duplicated figures in two papers by Jan Hendrik Schön, the first of many in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
;Kinetic Sand
* A toy trademarked and produced by Spin Master Ltd. Kinetic Sand looks like regular wet sand but is available in different colors. It can be molded into any desired shape. It is 98% ultra-fine grain sand mixed with 2% dimethicone (polydimethylsiloxane), and coated with olive oil. Because of its oil co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Green fluorescent protein may be used as a reporter gene.
For example, GFP can be used as a reporter for environmental toxicity levels. This protein has been shown to be an effective way to measure the toxicity levels of various chemicals including ethanol, p-formaldehyde, phenol, triclosan, and paraben. GFP is great a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As stated above, a chair flip is a ring inversion specifically of cyclohexane (and its derivatives) from one chair conformer to another, often to reduce steric strain. The term, "flip" is misleading, because the direction of each carbon remains the same; what changes is the orientation. A conformation is a unique struc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of EAFs allows steel to be made from a 100% scrap metal feedstock. This greatly reduces the energy required to make steel when compared with primary steelmaking from ores.
Another benefit is flexibility: while blast furnaces cannot vary their production by much and can remain in operation for years at a time, E... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Selecting the type of head group depends on the application of the SAM. Typically, head groups are connected to a molecular chain in which the terminal end can be functionalized (i.e. adding –OH, –NH2, –COOH, or –SH groups) to vary the wetting and interfacial properties. An appropriate substrate is chosen to react with... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At the interface of a vapor and a liquid/solid, the gas interaction with the liquid/solid dominates the gas behavior, and the gas is, very locally, not in equilibrium. This region, several mean free path lengths thick, is called the Knudsen layer. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Beyond the most common perovskite symmetries (cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic), a more precise determination leads to a total of 23 different structure types that can be found. These 23 structure can be categorized into 4 different so-called tilt systems that are denoted by their respective Glazer notation.
The notatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Lot (formerly Loth) was an old unit of measurement for the relative fineness to gross weight in metallurgy and especially in coinage until the 19th century. A Lot was thus a proportion of the precious metal content in a piece of metal. It was used in the four main monetary systems of Germany: Austrian, South German, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride is the chloride salt coordination complex with the formula [Ru(bpy)]Cl. This polypyridine complex is a red crystalline salt obtained as the hexahydrate, although all of the properties of interest are in the cation [Ru(bpy)], which has received much attention because of its distin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Combustion analysis is a method used in both organic chemistry and analytical chemistry to determine the elemental composition (more precisely empirical formula) of a pure organic compound by combusting the sample under conditions where the resulting combustion products can be quantitatively analyzed. Once the number o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has also been used in septic shock and anaphylaxis.
Methylene blue consistently increases blood pressure in people with vasoplegic syndrome (redistributive shock), but has not been shown to improve delivery of oxygen to tissues or to decrease mortality.
Methylene blue has been used in calcium channel blocker toxicit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some organizations publish standards for rating the lightfastness of pigments and materials. Testing is typically done by controlled exposure to sunlight, or to artificial light generated by a xenon arc lamp. Watercolors, inks, pastels, and colored pencils are particularly susceptible to fading over time, so choosing l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Felspathic Highlands Terrane (alternatively Feldspathic), or FHT, is composed predominantly of ancient anorthositic materials. It has low iron oxide and thorium levels. The FHT can be split into an inner and outer felspathic highlands. The outer FHT has comparatively higher levels of iron oxide and thorium. It ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
:1969 - Richard-Zsigmondy-Stipendium, awarded by the Kolloid-Gesellschaft (Germany)
:1995 - George W. Brindley Lecture Award, The Clay Minerals Society (USA)
:1996 - Doctor honoris causa, University of Szeged (Hungary)
:1999 - Wolfgang-Ostwald-Kolloquium of the Kolloid-Gesellschaft (Germany) dedicated to th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the ara operon (also known as the ara or araBAD operon), arabinose acts as both an inducer and a repressor. When arabinose is present, it allosterically binds to the regulatory protein AraC, which then helps to recruit RNA polymerase for transcription. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Herbert Max Finlay Freundlich (28 January 1880 in Charlottenburg – 30 March 1941 in Minneapolis) was a German chemist.
His father was of German Jewish descent, and his mother ( Finlay) was from Scotland. His younger brother was Erwin Finlay Freundlich (1885–1964).
He was a department head at the Kaiser Wilhelm I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In August 2009, scientists in Israel raised serious doubts concerning the use of DNA by law enforcement as the ultimate method of identification. In a paper published in the journal Forensic Science International: Genetics, the Israeli researchers demonstrated that it is possible to manufacture DNA in a laboratory, thu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sibelektroterm () is a manufacturing company in Kirovsky District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1945. The enterprise is a developer and manufacturer of electrometallurgical equipment. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The critical issue of the solar neutrino problem, that many astrophysicists interested in solar neutrinos studied and attempted to solve in late 1900s and early 2000s, is solved. In the 21st century, even without a main problem to solve, there is still unique and novel research ongoing in this field of astrophysics. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The quasistatic equations that describe the scattering and absorbance cross-sections for very small spherical nanoparticles are:
where is the wavenumber of the electric field, is the radius of the particle, is the relative permittivity of the dielectric medium and is the relative permittivity of the nanoparticle d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in BIOSIS Previews, Chemical Abstracts, Chemical Citation Index, Current Contents/Physics, Chemistry & Engineering, Engineering Index, Metals Abstracts, PASCAL, Physics Abstracts, Physikalische Berichte, Polymer Contents, Science Cita... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Heat exchange in a rotary kiln may be by conduction, convection and radiation, in descending order of efficiency. In low-temperature processes, and in the cooler parts of long kilns lacking preheaters, the kiln is often furnished with internal heat exchangers to encourage heat exchange between the gas and the feed. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The liberated catalytic subunits can then catalyze the transfer of ATP terminal phosphates to protein substrates at serine, or threonine residues. This phosphorylation usually results in a change in activity of the substrate. Since PKAs are present in a variety of cells and act on different substrates, PKA regulation a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vortices like eddies are created by instabilities in a flow. When there are instabilities within the mean flow, energy can be transferred from the mean flow to the small perturbations which can then grow. In a barotropic fluid the density is a function of only the pressure and not the temperature (in contrast to a baro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oseltamivir has a large hydrophobic side chain and the NA must undergo rearrangement to form a pocket for drug binding by rotating aminoacid E276 and bond with R224. Mutations like H274Y, R292K and N294S that affect this forming could reduce the inhibitor's efficiency. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The detection of optical scattering and the gradient forces on micron sized particles was first reported in 1970 by Arthur Ashkin, a scientist working at Bell Labs. Years later, Ashkin and colleagues reported the first observation of what is now commonly referred to as an optical tweezer: a tightly focused beam of ligh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Adjacent to the channel walls, the charge-neutrality of the liquid is violated due to the presence of the electrical double layer: a thin layer of counterions attracted by the charged surface.
The transport of counterions along with the pressure-driven fluid flow gives rise to a net charge transport: the streaming curr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
3-sulfolene is mainly valued as a stand-in for butadiene. The in situ production and immediate consumption of 1,3-butadiene largely avoids contact with the diene, which is a gas at room temperature. One potential drawback, aside from expense, is that the evolved sulfur dioxide can cause side reactions with acid-sensit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Henry Cavendish ( ; 10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English natural philosopher and scientist who was an important experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist. He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "inflammable air". He described the density of inflammable air, which formed water... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Monotherapy, or the use of a single therapy, can be applied to any therapeutic approach, but it is most commonly used to describe the use of a single medication. Normally, monotherapy is selected because a single medication is adequate to treat the medical condition. However, monotherapies may also be used because of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Filing is combination of grinding and saw tooth cutting using a file. Prior to the development of modern machining equipment it provided a relatively accurate means for the production of small parts, especially those with flat surfaces. The skilled use of a file allowed a machinist to work to fine tolerances and was t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemistry, Michaelis–Menten kinetics, named after Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten, is the simplest case of enzyme kinetics, applied to enzyme-catalysed reactions of one substrate and one product. It takes the form of a differential equation describing the reaction rate (rate of formation of product P, with conc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water in th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Following initial observations that some peptide-peptide complexes could survive MALDI deposition and ionization, studies of large protein complexes using MALDI-MS have been reported. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Various hydrates of zinc chloride are known: with n = 1, 1.33, 2.5, 3, and 4.5. However, only the 1.33-hydrate, hemipentahydrate, trihydrate, and the heminonahydrate has been structurally elucidated.
The 1.33-hydrate, previously thought to be the hemitrihydrate, consists of trans-Zn(HO)Cl centers with the chlorine ato... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Cegelski Lab investigates the structure and function of bacterial cell walls and extracellular structures, including amyloid fibers and biofilms. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PELP1 is a proto-oncogene that provides cancer cells with a distinct growth and survival advantage. PELP1 overexpression has been reported in many cancers. PELP1 expression is an independent prognostic predictor of shorter breast cancer–specific survival and disease free interval. Patients whose tumors had high levels... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, chemical purity is the measurement of the amount of impurities found in a sample. Several grades of purity are used by the scientific, pharmaceutical, and industrial communities. Some of the commonly used grades of purity include:
* ACS grade is the highest level of purity, and meets the standards set by... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reaction progress kinetic analysis relies on the ability to accurately monitor the reaction conversion over time. This goal may be accomplished by a range of techniques, the most common of which are described below. While these techniques are sometimes categorized as differential (monitoring reaction rate over time) or... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several strategies exist for avoiding β-hydride elimination. The most common strategy is to employ alkyl ligands that do not have any hydrogen atoms at the β position. Common substituents include methyl and neopentyl. β-Hydride elimination is also inhibited when the reaction would produce a strained alkene. This situat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the weights have been correctly derived from estimates of experimental error, the expectation value of is 1. It is therefore very useful to estimate experimental errors and derive some reasonable weights from them as this is an absolute indicator of the goodness of fit.
When unit weights are used, it is implied t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In an anisotropic medium, such as a crystal, the polarisation field P is not necessarily aligned with the electric field of the light E. In a physical picture, this can be thought of as the dipoles induced in the medium by the electric field having certain preferred directions, related to the physical structure of the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Black shales are organic rich, microlaminated sedimentary rocks often associated with bottom water anoxia. This is because anoxia slows the degradation of organic matter, allowing for greater burial in the sediments. Other evidence for anoxic burial of black shale includes the lack of bioturbation, meaning that there w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The White cell was first described in 1942 by John U. White in his paper Long Optical Paths of Large Aperture, and was a significant improvement over previous long path spectroscopic measurement techniques. A White cell is constructed using three spherical, concave mirrors having the same radius of curvature. The mirro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MOSE is part of a General Plan of Interventions to safeguard Venice and the lagoon. The project was begun in 1987 by the Ministry of Infrastructure through the Venice Water Authority (the Ministrys operational arm in the lagoon) and the concessionary Consorzio Venezia Nuova'. The measures already completed or underway ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Tutorials in Molecular Reaction Dynamics. RSC Press, 2010. (Joint editor with Mark Brouard)
* Astrochemistry: from the Big Bang to the Present Day, World Scientific Press, 2017.
*An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics, Morgan-Claypool Publishing, 2017
*An Introduction to the Gas Phase, Morgan-Claypool Publishing, 2018 | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An example of aluminum alloys where solid solution strengthening happens by adding magnesium and manganese into the aluminum matrix. Commercially Mn can be added to the AA3xxx series and Mg can be added to the AA5xxx series. Mn addition to the Aluminum alloys assists in the recrystallization and recovery of the alloy w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The respiratory quotient (RQ) is the ratio:
RQ = CO / O
where the term "eliminated" refers to carbon dioxide (CO) removed from the body.
In this calculation, the CO and O must be given in the same units, and in quantities proportional to the number of molecules. Acceptable inputs would be either moles, or else volumes ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Packed columns utilizing filter media for chemical exchange are the most common devices used in the chemical industry for reactant contact optimization. Packed columns are used in a range of industries to allow intimate contact between two immiscible/partly immiscible fluids, which can be liquid/gas or liquid/liquid. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Within the field of molecular biology, a protein-fragment complementation assay, or PCA, is a method for the identification and quantification of protein–protein interactions. In the PCA, the proteins of interest ("bait" and "prey") are each covalently linked to fragments of a third protein (e.g. DHFR, which acts as a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider the Navier-Stokes equations instead of Euler equations,
and we define the shear-energy tensor as
With the condition that the normal component of the total stress on the free surface must vanish, i.e., , where is the outward unit normal, the second order virial equation then be
This can be easily extended to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The idea of corresponding states originated when van der Waals cast his equation in the dimensionless form, . However, as Boltzmann noted, such a simple representation could not correctly describe all substances. Indeed, the saturation analysis of this form produces , namely all substances have the same dimensionless c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Featuring divalent carbon, vinylidenes are unusual species in organic chemistry. They are unstable as solids or liquids but can be generated as stable dilute gases. The parent member of this series is methylidenecarbene. With the formula :C=CH), it is a carbene. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dansyl amide is a fluorescent dye that forms in a reaction between dansyl chloride and ammonia. It is the simplest representative of the class of dansyl derivatized amines, which are widely used in biochemistry and chemistry as fluorescent labels. The dansyl amide moiety is also called a dansyl group, and it can be int... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The magnitude of sensory impairment may vary in people of differing weights. The NIAAA defines the term "binge drinking" as a pattern of drinking that brings a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08 grams percent or above. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A sample injector is a device used in conjunction with injecting samples into high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or similar chromatography apparati. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The dynamics of surfactant adsorption is of great importance for practical applications such as in foaming, emulsifying or coating processes, where bubbles or drops are rapidly generated and need to be stabilized. The dynamics of absorption depend on the diffusion coefficient of the surfactant. As the interface is crea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flooding in houses causes a unique opportunity for mold growth, which may be attributed to adverse health effects in people exposed to the mold, especially children and adolescents. In a study on the health effects of mold exposure after hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the predominant types of mold were Aspergillus, Penic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gas-diffusion electrocrystallization (GDEx) is an electrochemical process consisting on the reactive precipitation of metal ions in solution (or dispersion) with intermediaries produced by the electrochemical reduction of gases (such as oxygen), at gas diffusion electrodes. It can serve for the recovery of metals or me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In , organic chemistry, a cyanohydrin or hydroxynitrile is a functional group found in organic compounds in which a cyano and a hydroxy group are attached to the same carbon atom. The general formula is , where R is H, alkyl, or aryl. Cyanohydrins are industrially important precursors to carboxylic acids and some ami... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Currently the biosynthesis of rhodoquinone (RQ) is still being debated, but there are two main biosynthetic pathways that are being researched. The first pathway requires the organism to produce ubiquinone (UQ) before the amino group can be added onto the quinone ring. The second pathway allows RQ to be synthesized wit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glutathione or its homologues, e.g. homoglutathione in Fabaceae; hydroxymethylglutathione in Poaceae are the major water-soluble non-protein thiol compounds present in plant tissue and account for 1-2% of the total sulfur. The content of glutathione in plant tissue ranges from 0.1 - 3 mM. Cysteine is the direct precurs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanoclusters potentially have many areas of application as they have unique optical, electrical, magnetic and reactivity properties. Nanoclusters are biocompatible, ultrasmall, and exhibit bright emission, hence promising candidates for fluorescence bio imaging or cellular labeling. Nanoclusters along with fluorophores... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A size range coefficient of approximately three is advisable. A minimum amount of undersized fine material must enter the machines to optimize availability. Moisture of the feed is not important, if the material is sufficiently dewatered and the undersize fraction is efficiently removed. For surface detection technolog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Calvin cycle accounts for 90% of biological carbon fixation. Consuming ATP and NADPH, the Calvin cycle in plants accounts for the preponderance of carbon fixation on land. In algae and cyanobacteria, it accounts for the preponderance of carbon fixation in the oceans. The Calvin cycle converts carbon dioxide into s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Site selection for the FutureGen facility was based on a competitive process which began in May 2006. Seven states responded to the Site Request for Proposals with a total of 12 proposals. Proposals were reviewed against a set of environmental, technical, regulatory, and financial criteria with input from external tech... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ductile iron pipe is pipe made of ductile cast iron commonly used for potable water transmission and distribution. This type of pipe is a direct development of earlier cast iron pipe, which it has superseded. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diphosphene compounds usually exhibit a symmetry-allowed () (intense) and symmetry-forbidden electronic transitions () (weak). In Raman, there is significant enhancement of P=P stretch in the resonance with allowed electron transition than with the forbidden transition due to different geometries of excited states an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the eighteenth century, with the rise of combustion analysis in chemistry, Stephen Hales invented the pneumatic trough in order to collect gases from the samples of matter he used; while uninterested in the properties of the gases he collected, he wanted to explore how much gas was given off from the materials he bu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shortly after World War II, when synthetic insecticides became widely available, entomologists in California developed the concept of "supervised insect control". Around the same time, entomologists in the US Cotton Belt were advocating a similar approach. Under this scheme, insect control was "supervised" by qualified... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Murexide test is a color test for uric acid and some other purines. The (solid) sample is first treated with small volume of a concentrated acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, which is slowly evaporated away; subsequent addition of ammonia (NH) gives a purple color if uric acid was present, due to formation of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transferrins are glycoproteins found in vertebrates which bind and consequently mediate the transport of iron (Fe) through blood plasma. They are produced in the liver and contain binding sites for two Fe ions. Human transferrin is encoded by the TF gene and produced as a 76 kDa glycoprotein.
Transferrin glycoproteins ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some nuclides can be induced to eject a neutron by gamma radiation. One such nuclide is Be; its photodisintegration is significant in nuclear astrophysics, pertaining to the abundance of beryllium and the consequences of the instability of Be. This also makes this isotope useful as a neutron source in nuclear reactors.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Perindopril shares the indications of ACE inhibitors as a class, including essential hypertension, stable coronary artery disease (reduction of risk of cardiac events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction and/or revascularization), treatment of symptomatic coronary artery disease or heart failure, and dia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity. The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand. Ligands may include other proteins (resulting in a protein–protein interaction), enzyme subs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Novartis-Drew Award for Biomedical Research is an award jointly presented by Novartis and Drew University. It comprises a cash award (originally $2000) and a plaque. The award was initially created as the Ciba-Drew Award for Biomedical Research and renamed following the change of company name from Ciba-Geigy to Nov... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To understand cases of real chemical reactions, the HOMO-LUMO-centered view is modified by understanding of further complex, electrophile-specific repulsive and attractive electrostatic and Van der Waals interactions that alter the altitudinal BD angle, and bias the azimuthal Flippin-Lodge angle toward one substituent ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Isotopic data from various locations within the Mid-Atlantic Ridge indicates the presence of mafic-to-felsic intrusive igneous rocks, including gabbro, diorite, and plagiogranite. These rocks showed high-grade metamorphism because of the presence of magmatic water, exceeding 600 °C. This deformation depleted host rocks... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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