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Carbon monoxide for FT catalysis is derived from hydrocarbons. In gas to liquids (GTL) technology, the hydrocarbons are low molecular weight materials that often would be discarded or flared. Stranded gas provides relatively cheap gas. For GTL to be commercially viable, gas must remain relatively cheaper than oil.
Sev... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solid-state NMR has also been successfully used to study biomaterials such as bone, teeth, hair, silk, wood, as well as viruses, plants, cells, biopsies, and even live animals. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radon concentration in open air varies between 1 and 100 Bq m. Radon can be found in some spring waters and hot springs. The towns of Misasa, Japan, and Bad Kreuznach, Germany boast radium-rich springs which emit radon, as does Radium Springs, New Mexico.
Radon exhausts naturally from the ground, particularly in certai... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jerry Pasker moved to South Cedar Street in Monticello, Iowa and was introduced to Harold Sovereign, who sold John Deere tractors and equipment. Pasker and Sovereign formed a partnership known as Industrious Farmer Equipment Company, and moved the business to the vacant second floor of Sovereigns dealership on South Ce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Caldoramide is a pentapeptide isolated from the cyanobacteria Caldora penicillata. It has cytotoxic effects on cancer cells and has been the subject of extensive oncological research. It is structurally analogous to belamide A and dolastatin 15. Its appearance is that of a powdery, white, substance. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pyridine has a flash point of 20 °C and is therefore highly flammable. Combustion produces toxic fumes which can include bipyridines, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many processes contribute to soil acidification. These include:
* Rainfall: Average rainfall has a pH of 5.6 and is moderately acidic due to dissolved atmospheric carbon dioxide () that combines with water to form carbonic acid (). When this water flows through the soil it results in the leaching of basic cations as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some of the oldest known examples of the lost-wax technique are the objects discovered in the Nahal Mishmar hoard in southern Land of Israel, and which belong to the Chalcolithic period (4500–3500 BC). Conservative Carbon-14 estimates date the items to around 3700 BC, making them more than 5700 years old. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 1960s, thalidomide was successfully marketed as a safer alternative to barbiturates. Due to a successful marketing campaign, thalidomide was widely used by pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy. However, thalidomide is a teratogenic substance, and a proportion of children born during the 1960s h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The AFM consists of a cantilever with a sharp tip (probe) at its end that is used to scan the specimen surface. The cantilever is typically silicon or silicon nitride with a tip radius of curvature on the order of nanometers. When the tip is brought into proximity of a sample surface, forces between the tip and the sam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
S1P is present at high concentrations in plasma and secreted locally at elevated concentrations at sites of inflammation. It is formed by the regulated phosphorylation of sphingosine. It acts through five dedicated high-affinity G-protein coupled receptors, S1P1 - S1P5. Targeted deletion of S1P1 results in lethality... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Failure of safety-critical polymer components can cause serious accidents, such as fire in the case of cracked and degraded polymer fuel lines. Chlorine-induced cracking of acetal resin plumbing joints and polybutylene pipes has caused many serious floods in domestic properties, especially in the US in the 1990s. Trace... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Absorbance is a number that measures the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power in a material. Attenuation can be caused by the physical process of "absorption", but also reflection, scattering, and other physical processes. Absorbance of a material is approximately equal to its attenuance when both the absorbanc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxidation of phosphinites gives phosphinates:
:2 P(OR)R + O → 2 OP(OR)R
Phosphinites are ligands, giving derivatives similar to metal phosphine complexes. They are stronger pi-acceptors than typical phosphine ligands. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GLD-2 is a common and abundant, but yet quite unknown protein that has already been found in each of the five kingdoms. In the animal kingdom, it has been specially detected in Homo sapiens, Drosophila, Xenopus and Mus musculus. However, there has also been noticed the presence of GLD-2 in Arabidopsis thaliana which be... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A supersonic expansion fan, technically known as Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan, a two-dimensional simple wave, is a centered expansion process that occurs when a supersonic flow turns around a convex corner. The fan consists of an infinite number of Mach waves, diverging from a sharp corner. When a flow turns around a sm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1954, Oesper received the 5th annual Eminent Chemist award by the American Chemical Society. In 1956 he received the first Dexter Award for Outstanding Achievement in the History of Chemistry from the American Chemical Society. In 1966 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Cincinnati.
Oesper was ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Francesco Selmi (7 April 1817 – 13 August 1881) was an Italian chemist and patriot, one of the founders of colloid chemistry.
Selmi was born in Vignola, then part of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio. He became head of a chemistry laboratory in Modena in 1840, and a professor of chemical pharmacology and toxicology at the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the catalyst is a moderate base such as hydroxide ion or an alkoxide, the aldol reaction occurs via nucleophilic attack by the resonance-stabilized enolate on the carbonyl group of another molecule. The product is the alkoxide salt of the aldol product. Then aldol, the aldol addition product itself is then formed.
A... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The copper is of high purity, although earlier examples are sometimes composed of arsenical copper. Tylecote suggested that they are not primary smelting products and instead were refined and recast. The macrostructure of a half section example from Gillan, Cornwall shows a columnar structure that probably indicates sl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Meibom obtained a PhD in physics at the University of Southern Denmark in 1997. He then pursued a two-and-a-half-year postdoc at the Hawaii Institute for Geophysics and Planetology where he studied the mineralogy of primitive chondrotic meteorites. In 2000, he moved to Stanford University as a research associate in the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Criteria for EBSP selection can be one or a mixture of:
* Selecting from points with low GND density or low Kernel average misorientation (KAM) based on the Hough measured local grain misorientations;
* Selecting from points with high image quality (IQ), which may have a low defect density within its electron interacti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Particle advection and Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent calculation:
* ManGen ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141001004042/http://homepages.ulb.ac.be/~lekien/mangen-1.4.4.zip source code])
* LCS MATLAB Kit ([http://dabiri.caltech.edu/software/LMK23.zip source code])
* FlowVC ([https://github.com/FlowPhysics/flowVC source ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Though the ropB protein has 7 histidines (H12, H81, H93, H144, H265, H266, and H277) structurally present, the ropB histidine switch primarily operates with a single functionally involved histidine (H144) conveniently placed to associate with ropB sidechains (Y176 and E185) that near each other upon the addition of a h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* In hot, humid climates, unconditioned ventilation air can daily deliver approximately 260 milliliters of water for each cubic meters per hour (m/h) of outdoor air (or one pound of water each day for each cubic feet per minute of outdoor air per day), annual average. This is a great deal of moisture and can create ser... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Water oxidation is a more complex chemical reaction than proton reduction. In nature, the oxygen-evolving complex performs this reaction by accumulating reducing equivalents (electrons) in a manganese-calcium cluster within photosystem II (PS II), then delivering them to water molecules, with the resulting production o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Advantages
** Some advantages to Biological and bio-hybrid drug carriers include but are not limited to offering compatibility with the human immune system, having the potential to be genetically modified, and having the capacity to hold drugs. Moreover, an essential advantage is their natural property of homing to i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
<div style="text-align: center;"><gallery mode="packed" caption="Many familiar bumblebees are Müllerian mimics, with effective stings and similar warning coloration">
File:Bombus terrestris (Buff-tailed bumblebee) - queen - Flickr - S. Rae.jpg|Bombus terrestris
File:Bombus lucorum - Centaurea scabiosa - Keila.JPG|Bombu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NASAs announcement of a news conference "that will impact the search for evidence of extraterrestrial life" was criticized as sensationalistic and misleading; an editorial in New Scientist' commented "although the discovery of alien life, if it ever happens, would be one of the biggest stories imaginable, this was ligh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* [https://www.sciencehistory.org/scientists-you-must-know Scientists You Must Know: Pioneering steroid researcher George Rosenkranzh], Video, from the Scientists You Must Know Film Series, Science History Institute, Philadelphia, PA | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermal hydrolysis is a two-stage process combining high-pressure boiling of waste or sludge followed by a rapid decompression. This combined action sterilizes the sludge and makes it more biodegradable, which improves digestion performance. Sterilization destroys pathogens in the sludge resulting in it exceeding the s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During 1773 Lavoisier determined to review thoroughly the literature on air, particularly "fixed air," and to repeat many of the experiments of other workers in the field. He published an account of this review in 1774 in a book entitled Opuscules physiques et chimiques (Physical and Chemical Essays). In the course of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Good tilth shares a balanced relation between soil-aggregate tensile strength and friability, in which it has a stable mixture of aggregate soil particles that can be readily broken up by shallow non-abrasive tilling. A high tensile strength will result in large cemented clods of compacted soil with low friability. Pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1927 Hitchins moved to Kenya, to join other members of her family who had emigrated there. Frederick Soddy wrote to the British Colonial Office, recommending her for a government position. Hitchins was employed as a Government Assayer and Chemist in the Mining and Geological Department of the Colonial Government un... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some capillary techniques provide also a chamber like arrangement, however, there is no filter between the cells and the test substance. Quantitative results are gained by the multiwell type of this probe using 4-8-12-channel pipettes. Accuracy of the pipette and increased number of the parallel running samples is the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phorbol is a natural, plant-derived organic compound. It is a member of the tigliane family of diterpenes. Phorbol was first isolated in 1934 as the hydrolysis product of croton oil, which is derived from the seeds of the purging croton, Croton tiglium. The structure of phorbol was determined in 1967.
Various esters o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the most common erroneous explanations of aerodynamic lift asserts that the air must traverse the upper and lower surfaces of a wing in the same amount of time, implying that since the upper surface presents a longer path the air must be moving over the top of the wing faster than over the bottom. Bernoulli's pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems rely on air pulled with a suction force through piping systems from the point of dust formation to a waste disposal unit. They consist of four elements: dust hoods at the point of dust formation, ventilation ducts, an air cleaning device (waste separator or dust collector) and an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In some cases of natural phenols, they are present in vegetative foliage to discourage herbivory, such as in the case of Western poison oak. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A shape resonance is a metastable state in which an electron is trapped due to the shape of a potential barrier.
Altunata describes a state as being a shape resonance if, "the internal state of the system remains unchanged upon disintegration of the quasi-bound level."
A more general discussion of resonances and their ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a consequence, the structure of any brush can be derived from the brush density profile . Indeed, the free end distribution is simply a convolution of the density profile with the free end distribution of a dry brush:
Correspondingly, the brush elastic free energy is given by:
This method has been used to derive wet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the IUPAC definition, in RRC(OH)OR R and R may or may not be a hydrogen. In a hemiketal, neither R-group can be a hydrogen. Hemiketals are regarded as hemiacetals where none of the R-groups are H, and are therefore a subclass of the hemiacetals. The Greek prefix hèmi means half, refers to the fact that a s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycomimetic is a term used to refer to molecules that have structures similar to carbohydrates, but with some variation. This will normally result in modified biological properties. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coordination isomerism is a form of structural isomerism in which the composition of the coordination complex ion varies. In a coordination isomer the total ratio of ligand to metal remains the same, but the ligands attached to a specific metal ion change. Examples of a complete series of coordination isomers require a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Modulation of neurotransmitter release by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a prominent presynaptic mechanism for regulation of synaptic transmission. The activation of GPCRs located at the presynaptic terminal, can decrease the probability of neurotransmitter release. This presynaptic depression involves activati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tartaric acid has been known to winemakers for centuries. However, the chemical process for extraction was developed in 1769 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
Tartaric acid played an important role in the discovery of chemical chirality. This property of tartaric acid was first observed in 1832 by Jean Bapti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Clay minerals are common weathering products (including weathering of feldspar) and low-temperature hydrothermal alteration products. Clay minerals are very common in soils, in fine-grained sedimentary rocks such as shale, mudstone, and siltstone and in fine-grained metamorphic slate and phyllite.
Given the requirement... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The carbonyl groups of reducing sugars react with the amino groups of amino acids in the Maillard reaction, a complex series of reactions that occurs when cooking food. Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are diverse; some are beneficial to human health, while others are toxic. However, the overall effect of the Maillard... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Potassium tert-butoxide (or potassium t-butoxide) is a chemical compound with the formula [(CH)COK] (abbr. KOtBu). This colourless solid is a strong base (pKa of conjugate acid around 17), which is useful in organic synthesis. The compound is often depicted as a salt, and it often behaves as such, but its ionization d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, ( ; 19 October 1897 – 14 April 1994) was a Pakistani organic chemist specialising in natural products, and a professor of chemistry at the University of Karachi.
Siddiqui studied philosophy at Aligarh Muslim University and later studied chemistry at Frankfurt University, where he received his Ph... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lampe-Önnerud considered careers in opera singing and medicine and was offered a scholarship for an 8-year program for a medical doctorate degree but turned it down her senior year of high school. After high school, Lampe-Önnerud accepted a Fulbright scholarship to attend Elmira College in New York. At Elmira college s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cupellation is a refining process in metallurgy in which ores or alloyed metals are treated under very high temperatures and subjected to controlled operations to separate noble metals, like gold and silver, from base metals, like lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, present in the ore. The process is bas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cargo scanning or non-intrusive inspection (NII) refers to non-destructive methods of inspecting and identifying goods in transportation systems. It is often used for scanning of intermodal freight shipping containers. In the US it is spearheaded by the Department of Homeland Security and its Container Security Initiat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coordination via the oxygen atom is favoured by hard, highly electropositive centres. This is due to the fact that oxygen is a more electronegative atom and thus prefers to bind via more ionic interactions. Examples of this type of coordination were presented in the work of Arnold et al. from 2015. The group found that... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mass spectrometry provides information about the structure and composition of the complexes. Spectra for metal polycarbonyls are often easily interpretable, because the dominant fragmentation process is the loss of carbonyl ligands (m/z = 28).
: → + CO
Electron ionization is the most common technique for characterizin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Functionally, AR NTD plays the primary role in regulating target gene transcription activation and mediating various receptor-protein and intra-receptor N-terminal and C-terminal interactions. Therefore, modulation of NTD function is considered an efficient strategy to target AR action. Among various functional domains... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Humans are affected by the HAB species by ingesting improperly harvested shellfish, breathing in aerosolized brevetoxins (i.e. PbTx or Ptychodiscus toxins) and in some cases skin contact. The brevetoxins bind to voltage-gated sodium channels, important structures of cell membranes. Binding results in persistent activat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brownrigg was a businessman as well as a doctor and scientist. He went into partnership with Anthony Bacon from Whitehaven in 1765 to develop the iron industry in Wales which led to the expansion of Merthyr Tydfil, particularly the Cyfarthfa Ironworks. He also inherited a share of John Speddings ropery and invested in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
AMGs have a large impact on biogeochemical cycles in multiple environments through nutrient degradation, mineralization, transportation, assimilation, and transformation. By enhancing the metabolic capabilities of their hosts, bacteriophages contribute to the recycling of organic matter, influencing the availability of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first real collections of crystal models were produced by Romé de lIsle. He actually offered sets of small (ca 3 cm) models made of "terra cotta" in order to stimulate the sales of the expensive four-volume set of his book "Cristallographie'" (1783). The models were manufactured by his co-workers Arnould Carangeot,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because most HERVs have no function, are selectively neutral, and are very abundant in primate genomes, they easily serve as phylogenetic markers for linkage analysis. They can be exploited by comparing the integration site polymorphisms or the evolving, proviral, nucleotide sequences of orthologs. To estimate when in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photoactive catalysts have been introduced over the last decade, such as and ZnO nano rodes. Most suffer from the fact that they can only perform under UV irradiation due to their band structure. Other photocatalysts, including a graphene-ZnO nanocompound counter this problem. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Peregrine soliton is a solution of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation that can be written in normalized units as follows :
with the spatial coordinate and the temporal coordinate. being the envelope of a surface wave in deep water. The dispersion is anomalous and the nonlinearity is self-focusing... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The parallel configuration or long optical path-length arrangement only provides information about the spectral changes that occur in the solution adjacent to the working electrode surface, improving the sensitivity to soluble compounds because the length of the optical pathway can be as longer as the length of the ele... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NETA is used as a hormonal contraceptive in combination with estrogen, in the treatment of gynecological disorders such as abnormal uterine bleeding, and as a component of menopausal hormone therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calcareous sinter is a freshwater calcium carbonate deposit, also known as calc-sinter. Deposits are characterised by low porosity and well-developed lamination, often forming crusts or sedimentary rock layers. Calcareous sinter should not be confused with siliceous sinter, which the term sinter more frequently refers ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Catalytic hydrogenation yields sulfolane, a solvent used in the petrochemical industry for the extraction of aromatics from hydrocarbon streams. The hydrogenation of 3-sulfolene over Raney nickel at approx. 20 bar and 60 °C gives sulfolane in yields of up to 65% only because of the poisoning of the catalyst by sulfur c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cities that installed their sewage collection systems before the 1930s typically used single piping systems to transport both urban runoff and sewage. This type of collection system is referred to as a combined sewer system (CSS). The cities rationale when combined sewers were built was that it would be cheaper to buil... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Complex fluids are mixtures that have a coexistence between two phases: solid–liquid (suspensions or solutions of macromolecules such as polymers), solid–gas (granular), liquid–gas (foams) or liquid–liquid (emulsions). They exhibit unusual mechanical responses to applied stress or strain due to the geometrical const... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enzyme activity is a measure of the quantity of active enzyme present and is thus dependent on various physical conditions, which should be specified.
It is calculated using the following formula:
where
: = Enzyme activity
: = Moles of substrate converted per unit time
: = Rate of the reaction
: = Reaction volume
The S... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide are used as bleaching and "maturing" agents for treating flour to make its grain release gluten more easily; the alternative is letting the flour slowly oxidize by air, which is too slow for the industrialized era. Benzoyl peroxide is an effective topical medication for treating m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ASTM D5511-12 and ASTM D5526-12 are testing methods that comply with international standards such as the ISO DIS 15985 for the biodegradability of plastic. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
G-protein coupled receptors' usage and chemogenetics are nowadays the targets for many of the pharmaceutical companies to cure and alleviate symptoms of diseases that involve all tissues of the body. More specifically, DREADDs have been used to explore treatment options for various neurodegenerative and psychological c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methods for the synthesis of aromatic, organofluorine, heterocyclic and heteroatomic compounds. Study of properties and formation of organic, hybrid and polymer materials. Study of pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents of natural and synthetic origin etc. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, vinylidenes are compounds with the functional group C=CH. An example is 1,1-dichloroethene (CCl=CH) commonly called vinylidene chloride. It and vinylidene fluoride are precursors to commercially useful polymers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FSL constructs have a wide range of uses and they have been used to modify the following:
* Cells – blood cells, culture lines, embryos, spermatozoa
* Viruses – influenza, measles, varicella
* Organisms – parasites, microbes, zebrafish
* Liposomes – also micelles, lipid particles
* Surfaces/fibres – hydrophobic or hydr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The techniques and manufacturing processes have changed over the years from those described in the first papers, journal articles and patents that were published. There are a number of techniques available depending on what type of species is required. An ion may be formed which can be an anion thus forming an anionic ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sargeson was born at Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. He was educated at the University of Sydney and received his Ph.D. supervised by Francis Patrick Dwyer also at Sydney in 1956. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hope was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1788 and served as its vice president from 1822 to 1833.
In 1791 following the death of his uncle, Alexander Stevenson, Hope succeeded him in his uncle's role as Professor of Medicine at Glasgow University.
In 1795 Hope was selected by Joseph Black as his a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A thiophosphonate group is a functional group related to phosphonate by substitution of an oxygen atom for a sulphur. They are a reactive component of many pesticides and nerve agents. Substituted thiophosphonates can have 2 main structural isomers bonding though either O or S groups to give thione and thiol forms resp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cation–pi interactions involve the positive charge of a cation interacting with the electrons in a π-system of a molecule. This interaction is surprisingly strong (as strong or stronger than H-bonding in some contexts), and has many potential applications in chemical sensors. For example, the sodium ion can easily sit ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Researchers have achieved controlled growth of diverse foods in the dark . It may become a way to increase energy efficiency of food production and reduce its environmental impacts. However, it is unclear if food production mechanisms based on the experimental process are viable and can be scaled. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The premier example of a complex with an unsupported metal–metal bond is dimanganese decacarbonyl, Mn(CO). Many metal clusters contain several unsupported M–M bonds. Some examples are M(CO) (M = Ru, Os) and Ir(CO).
A subclass of unsupported metal–metal bonded arrays are linear chain compounds. In such cases the M–M b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hartinger studied chemistry at the University of Vienna, earning his MSc in 1999 and his PhD in 2001 under Bernhard Keppler. He was an Erwin Schrödinger Fellow with Paul Dyson at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne from 2006 to 2008 and obtained his habilitation at the University of Vienna in 2009. In 2011, Ha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The problem of close-packing of spheres was first mathematically analyzed by Thomas Harriot around 1587, after a question on piling cannonballs on ships was posed to him by Sir Walter Raleigh on their expedition to America.
Cannonballs were usually piled in a rectangular or triangular wooden frame, forming a three-sid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110516054351/http://www.aerocomfittings.com/AEROCOM%20Aerospace%20Fluid%20Connectors.pdf PDF illustrating assorted adapters] | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Austenite is only stable above in bulk metal form. However, fcc transition metals can be grown on a face-centered cubic (fcc) or diamond cubic. The epitaxial growth of austenite on the diamond (100) face is feasible because of the close lattice match and the symmetry of the diamond (100) face is fcc. More than a monol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microorganisms can be used as indicators of aquatic or terrestrial ecosystem health. Found in large quantities, microorganisms are easier to sample than other organisms. Some microorganisms will produce new proteins, called stress proteins, when exposed to contaminants such as cadmium and benzene. These stress proteins... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The presence of fecal coliform in aquatic environments may indicate that the water has been contaminated with the fecal material of humans or other animals. Fecal coliform bacteria can enter rivers through direct discharge of waste from mammals and birds, from agricultural and storm runoff, and from human sewage. How... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stormwater management BMPs are control measures taken to mitigate changes to both quantity and quality of urban runoff caused through changes to land use. Generally BMPs focus on water quality problems caused by increased impervious surfaces from land development. BMPs are designed to reduce stormwater volume, peak flo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When the boundary layer separates, its remnants form a shear layer and the presence of a separated flow region between the shear layer and surface modifies the outside potential flow and pressure field. In the case of airfoils, the pressure field modification results in an increase in pressure drag, and if severe enoug... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
So-called "butane honey oil" was available briefly in the 1970s. This product was made in Kabul, Afghanistan, and smuggled into the United States by The Brotherhood of Eternal Love. Production is thought to have ceased when the facility was destroyed in an explosion.
Traditional ice water-separated hashish production u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons. It functions as a cell surface receptor and has been implicated as a regulator of synapse formation, neural plasticity, antimicrobial activity, and iron export. It is coded for by ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The synthesis of pyrethrin I involves the esterification of (+)-trans-chrysanthemic acid with (S)-(Z)-pyrethrolone. One synthetic method for each of these is shown in the images below. Sobti and Dev of the Malti-Chem Research Centre in Nadesari, vadodara, India published this method for chrysanthemic acid in 1974. The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrotropes are in use industrially and commercially in cleaning and personal care product formulations to allow more concentrated formulations of surfactants. About 29,000 metric tons are produced (i.e., manufactured and imported) annually in the US. Annual production (plus importation) in Europe and Australia is appr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A macromolecule is a very large molecule important to biological processes, such as a protein or nucleic acid. It is composed of thousands of covalently bonded atoms. Many macromolecules are polymers of smaller molecules called monomers. The most common macromolecules in biochemistry are biopolymers (nucleic acids, pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the majority of energy applications, energy is required in multiple forms. These energy forms typically include some combination of: heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, mechanical energy and electric power. Often, these additional forms of energy are produced by a heat engine, running on a source of high-t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Harriet Brooks observed a radioactive recoil in 1904, but interpreted it wrongly. Hahn and Meitner succeeded in demonstrating the radioactive recoil incident to alpha particle emission and interpreted it correctly. Hahn pursued a report by Stefan Meyer and Egon Schweidler of a decay product of actinium with a half-life... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*[http://pid.nci.nih.gov/PID/2006/061114/full/pid.2006.001.shtml An Introduction to the NCI-Nature Pathway Interaction Database]
*[http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0000425 Identification of Key Processes Underlying Cancer Phenotypes Using Biologic Pathway Analysis] | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the original Nègre air engine, one piston compresses air from the atmosphere to mix with the stored compressed air (which will cool drastically as it expands). This mixture drives the second piston, providing the actual engine power. MDIs engine works with constant torque, and the only way to change the torque to th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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