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Log reduction is a measure of how thoroughly a decontamination process reduces the concentration of a contaminant.
It is defined as the common logarithm of the ratio of the levels of contamination before and after the process, so an increment of 1 corresponds to a reduction in concentration by a factor of 10.
In gener... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Step 1: We take layer 1 as x, and layer 2 as y. By our assumptions in this case, { }.
Step 2: We take the result from step 1 as the value for new x [ x is old x+y; (-x) is old y+x ], and the value for layer 3 as new y.
<math>T_{x+y} = \frac {T_x T_y}{1-R_{(-x)} R_y} = \frac {(0.912)(0.96)}{1-(0.036... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Adsorption/bio-oxidation process was invented in the mid-1970s by Botho Böhnke, a professor of the RWTH Aachen University. It was based on the finding made by the German engineer Karl Imhoff in the 1950s. Imhoff stated that the treatment efficiency of 60–80 percent could be achieved in highly loaded activated sludge b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The degree of ionization (also known as ionization yield in the literature) refers to the proportion of neutral particles, such as those in a gas or aqueous solution, that are ionized. For electrolytes, it could be understood as a capacity of acid/base to ionize itself. A low degree of ionization is sometimes called pa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Here a linear shear in the velocity is introduced.
where is the small parameter. The governing equation is
Then the solution to first-order approximation is | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lecture 1: A Candle: The Flame - Its Sources - Structure - Mobility - Brightness
Lecture 2: Brightness of the Flame - Air necessary for Combustion - Production of Water
Lecture 3: Products: Water from the Combustion - Nature of Water - A Compound - Hydrogen
Lecture 4: Hydrogen in the Candle - Burns into Water - The Oth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
He briefly taught physical chemistry at the London University before moving to Pakistan. Upon his return, he joined the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and took the professorship of nuclear chemistry at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH). Subsequently, he joined the clandestine... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
QS is important to plant-pathogen interactions, and their study has also contributed to the QS field more generally. The first X-ray crystallography results for some of the key proteins were those of Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii in maize/corn and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a crop pathogen with a wider range of ho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The 1917 synthesis by Robinson is considered a classic in total synthesis due to its simplicity and biomimetic approach. Tropinone is a bicyclic molecule, but the reactants used in its preparation are fairly simple: succinaldehyde, methylamine and acetonedicarboxylic acid (or even acetone). The synthesis is a good exam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The story of ledeburite begins in the late 19th century when Adolf Ledebur, a pioneering German metallurgist, embarked on a journey to unravel the complexities of steel microstructures. In 1882, Ledebur identified a distinct microconstituent in high-carbon steels, characterized by its unique lamellar structure. This di... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Attempts to prepare some carboxylate complexes, especially for electrophilic metals, often gives oxo derivatives. Examples include the oxo-acetates of Fe(III), Mn(III), and Cr(III).
Metal acetates are common catalysts or precatalysts. Particularly useful are the ethylhexanoates and related metallic soaps. These lipophi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A packed scrubber consists of a tower with packing material inside. This packing material can be in the shape of saddles, rings, or some highly specialized shapes designed to maximize the contact area between the dirty gas and liquid. Packed towers typically operate at much lower pressure drops than venturi scrubbers a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Interleukin 34 (IL-34) is a protein belonging to a group of cytokines called interleukins. It was originally identified in humans, by large scale screening of secreted proteins; chimpanzee, murine, rat and chicken interleukin 34 orthologs have also been found. The protein is composed of 241 amino acids, 39 kilodaltons ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Makemake exhibits methane, large amounts of ethane and tholins, as well as smaller amounts of ethylene, acetylene and high-mass alkanes may be present, most likely created by photolysis of methane by solar radiation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model analyzes social implications that affect attitudes and decision making pertaining to clinical trials. People who hold a higher stake or interest in the treatment provided in a clinical trial showed a greater likelihood of seeking information about clinical trials... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While at first the chemical garden may appear to be primarily a toy, some serious work has been done on the subject. For instance, this chemistry is related to the setting of Portland cement, the formation of hydrothermal vents, and during the corrosion of steel surfaces on which insoluble tubes can be formed.
The natu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
:V09IA01 Technetium (Tc) antiCarcinoEmbryonicAntigen antibody
:V09IA02 Technetium (Tc) antimelanoma antibody
:V09IA03 Technetium (Tc) pentavalent succimer
:V09IA04 Technetium (Tc) votumumab
:V09IA05 Technetium (Tc) depreotide
:V09IA06 Technetium (Tc) arcitumomab
:V09IA07 Technetium (Tc) hynic-octreotide
:V09IA08 Techne... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rokushō is used to treat a number of metals, including raw natural copper, which holds impurities, purified copper, and copper alloy mixes with two to five metals, to produce irogane metals, including: shakudō, an alloy of copper and gold, which becomes black to dark blue-violet; shibuichi, an alloy of fine silver and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The eIF4E subunit of eIF4F is an important target of mTOR signaling through the eIF4E binding protein (4E-BP). Phosphorylation of 4E-BPs by mTOR prevents their binding to eIF4E, freeing eIF4E to bind eIF4G and participate in translation initiation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Contraindications of drospirenone include renal impairment or chronic kidney disease, adrenal insufficiency, presence or history of cervical cancer or other progestogen-sensitive cancers, benign or malignant liver tumors or hepatic impairment, undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding, and hyperkalemia (high potassium leve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levels of care classify health care into categories of chronology, priority, or intensity, as follows:
* Urgent care handles health issues that need to be handled today but are not necessarily emergencies; the urgent care venue can send a patient to the emergency care level if it turns out to be needed.
** In the Unite... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Worldwide, iodine deficiency affects two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability. Mental disability is a result which occurs primarily when babies or small children are rendered hypothyroidic by a lack of dietary iodine (new hypothyroidism in adults may cause temporary mental slow... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the major goals of chemistry is the study of material transformations where chemical kinetics plays an important role. Scientists during the 19th century stated macroscopic chemical processes consist of many elementary chemical reactions that are themselves simply a series of encounters between atomic or molecul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Applications for thermometric titrimetry are drawn from the major groupings, namely:
* Acid–base titration
* Redox titration
* Precipitation titration
* Complexometric titration
Because the sensor does not interact electrically or electrochemically with the solution, electrical conductance of the titrating medium is no... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electric effect can be classified into two types, namely the +E effect and the -E effect. This classification is based on the direction of electron pair transfer. When the attacking reagent is electrophile, the +E effect is generally observed and π-electrons are transferred to the positively charged atom. When the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the superspots are located at simple fractions of the vectors of the reciprocal lattice of the substructure, e.g., at q=(½,0,0), the resulting broken symmetry is a multiple of the unit cell along that axis. Such a modulation is called a commensurate superstructure. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drag reducing agents can be broadly classified under the following four categories – Polymers, Solid-particle suspensions, Biological additives, and Surfactants. These agents are made out of high molecular weight polymers or micellar systems. The polymers help with drag reduction by decreasing turbulence in the oil l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphoric monoester hydrolases (or phosphomonoesterases) are enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of O-P bonds by nucleophilic attack of phosphorus by cysteine residues or coordinated metal ions.
They are categorized with the EC number 3.1.3.
Examples include:
* acid phosphatase
* alkaline phosphatase
* fructose-bisp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first step in the investigation of archaeometallurgical slag is the identification and macro-analysis of slag in the field. Physical properties of slag such as shape, colour, porosity and even smell are used to make a primary classification to ensure representative samples from slag heaps are obtained for future mi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While Indium-115 is very slightly radioactive, its half life is longer than the age of the universe and indeed a typical sample of Indium on earth will contain more of this "unstable" isotope than of "stable" Indium-113. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Quite parallel to the santonin to lumisantonin example is the rearrangement of 4,4-diphenylcyclohexadienone<Ref Name=Schuster2/> Here the n-pi* triplet excited state undergoes the same beta-beta bonding. This is followed by intersystem crossing (i.e. ISC) to form the singlet ground state which is seen to be a zwitterio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2005, Myriad Genetics reported the results of its Phase II clinical trial of Flurizan; it was the largest ever Alzheimers drug treatment trial using R-flurbiprofen. Patients were split into three treatment groups, receiving placebo, 400 or 800 mg R-flurbiprofen twice daily for a year. Result from this trial showed ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The number average molecular weight for a polymer sample is given by the following equation:
where:<br />
is a calibration constant,<br />
is the bridge imbalance output voltage,<br />
is the polymer-solvent solution concentration
It is necessary to calibrate a vapor phase osmometer and it is important to note that ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polyfluorene is a polymer with formula , consisting of fluorene units linked in a linear chain — specifically, at carbon atoms 2 and 7 in the standard fluorene numbering. It can also be described as a chain of benzene rings linked in para positions (a polyparaphenylene) with an extra methylene bridge connecting every ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A rock hyrax midden is a stratified accumulation of fecal pellets and a brown amber-like a urinary product known as hyraceum excreted by the rock hyrax and closely related species.
Hyrax middens form very slowly (ranging from ~5 years to >1000 years for 1 mm of hyraceum accumulation), over long periods of time, with ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Human immunodeficiency virus is a viral infection that targets the lymph nodes. HIV binds to the immune CD4 cell and reverse transcriptase alters the host cell genome to allow integration of the viral DNA via integrase. The virus replicates using the host cell's machinery and then leaves the cell to infect additional... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In (supersonic) molecular beams temperatures are very low (usually less than 5 K). At these low temperatures Van der Waals (vdW) molecules are stable and can be investigated by microwave, far-infrared spectroscopy and other modes of spectroscopy.
Also in cold equilibrium gases vdW molecules are formed, albeit in smal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An example of the Grignard reaction is a key step in the (non-stereoselective) industrial production of Tamoxifen (currently used for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer in women): | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pterobranchia mitochondrial code (translation table 24) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of Rhabdopleura compacta (Pterobranchia). The Pterobranchia are one of the two groups in the Hemichordata which together with the Echinodermata and Chordata form the three major lineages of deuterostomes. AUA... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Germanns first scholarly publications reported his undergraduate electrochemistry research under the direction of Frank Curry Mathers (1881–1973). His M.Sc. research at Wisconsin was with Joseph Howard Mathews (1881–1970). His Sc.D. thesis was published as Albert-F.-O. Germann, Révision de la densité de loxygène, contr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Isotopic ratio relative to the mass of the tracer element in each component;
where, and are the molecular weight of each isotopic expression of the substrate and product. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The monolayer formation time or monolayer time is the length of time required, on average, for a surface to be covered by an adsorbate, such as oxygen sticking to fresh aluminum. If the adsorbate has a unity sticking coefficient, so that every molecule which reaches the surface sticks to it without re-evaporating, then... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hu Hongwen (; 16 March 1925 – 19 May 2016) was a Chinese organic chemist, educator and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He was known as the Chief editor of Chinese higher education textbook Organic Chemistry.
Hu died on 19 May 2016 at the age of 91 in Nanjing. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Commonly referred to as STD (Submarine Tailings Disposal) or DSTD (Deep Sea Tailings Disposal). Tailings can be conveyed using a pipeline then discharged so as to eventually descend into the depths. Practically, it is not an ideal method, as the close proximity to off-shelf depths is rare. When STD is used, the depth o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a liquid drop strikes a wet solid surface (a surface covered with a thin layer of liquid that exceeds the height of surface roughness), either spreading or splashing will occur. If the velocity is below a critical value, the liquid will spread on the surface, similar to deposition described above. If the velocity ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Not only volume crystals can be imaged by topography, but also crystalline layers on a foreign substrate. For very thin layers, the scattering volume and thus the diffracted intensities are very low. In these cases, topographic imaging is therefore a rather demanding task, unless incident beams with very high intensiti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are two electroacoustic effects that are widely used for characterizing zeta potential: colloid vibration current and electric sonic amplitude. There are commercially available instruments that exploit these effects for measuring dynamic electrophoretic mobility, which depends on zeta potential.
Electroacoustic t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The versatile chemistry of elemental sulfur is largely due to catenation. In the native state, sulfur exists as S molecules. On heating these rings open and link together giving rise to increasingly long chains, as evidenced by the progressive increase in viscosity as the chains lengthen. Also, sulfur polycations, sulf... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Chemistry courses of the École Polytechnique, Vol.1&2
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=1FAIAAAAIAAJ Lessons of Physics], Faculty of Sciences in Paris, (November 6, 1827, March 18, 1828) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Collapsing can or can crusher experiment is a demonstration of an aluminum can being crushed by atmospheric pressure. Due to the low pressure inside a can as compared to the pressure outside, the pressure outside exerts a force on the can causing the can to collapse. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A number of research programmes are currently underway focused on rogue waves, including:
* In the course of Project MaxWave, researchers from the GKSS Research Centre, using data collected by ESA satellites, identified a large number of radar signatures that have been portrayed as evidence for rogue waves. Further res... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tuberculostearic acid (D-10-Methylstearic acid) is a saturated fatty acid that is known to be produced by Mycobacterium spp. and two species of Streptomyces. It is formed from the precursor oleic acid (a monounsaturated fatty acid). After oleic acid is esterified to a phospholipid, S-adenosyl-methionine donates a meth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phenol extraction is a processing technology used to prepare phenols as raw materials, compounds or additives for industrial wood processing and for chemical industries.
Extraction can be performed using different solvents. There is a risk that polyphenol oxidase (PPO) degrades the phenolic content of the sample theref... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Modern lung ventilators are able to generate three basic wave forms of flow: squared waveform, descending waveform, and sinusoidal waveform. A square waveform pattern is found on most mechanical ventilators, old and new, and achieves a constant flow.
During the inspiration phase, the flow rate rises to a predetermined ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unit cell parameters (a,b,c,α,β,γ) can be computed from the final relaxed positions of the ions. In a NaCl calculation, the final position of the Na ion might be (0,0,0) in picometer Cartesian coordinates and the final position of the Cl ion might be (282,282,282). From this, we see that the lattice constant would be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Let the length scales be normalized with the plate length and the velocity scale by the free-stream velocity ; then the only parameter in the problem is the Reynolds number . Let the origin of the coordinate system be located at the trailing edge of the plate. Further let be the non-dimensional velocity components, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
familial Mediterranean fever - farnesol dehydrogenase - Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2 - FDC-SP - FHIPEP protein family - fibroblasts - fluorescence in situ hybridization -fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis - footprinting - formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase - Fragile site, folic acid type, r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gemperline completed both undergraduate and graduate studies at Cleveland State University (CSU), graduating with a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry in 1978 and a Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry in 1982. His dissertation was titled, "The Design of the Laboratory Network DISNET."
In 2014 CSU recognized Gemperline as a dis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tritium (hydrogen-3) is a very low beta energy emitter that can be used to label proteins, nucleic acids, drugs and almost any organic biomolecule. The maximum theoretical specific activity of tritium is . However, there is often more than one tritium atom per molecule: for example, tritiated UTP is sold by most suppli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gene guns are mostly used with plant cells. However, there is much potential use in humans and other animals as well. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is another conducting polymer that is being investigated for coating an electrode surface. Some benefits of PEDOT over PPy is that it is more stable to oxidation and more conductive; however PPy is much cheaper. As with PPy, PEDOT has been shown to decrease the electrical impeda... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Foodomics greatly helps the scientists in an area of food science and nutrition to gain a better access to data, which is used to analyze the effects of food on human health, etc. It is believed to be another step towards better understanding of development and application of technology and food. Moreover, the study of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The second phase, from 2025 to 2035, will be to apply the new technologies and infrastructure to generate a complete set of pharmacological modulators for > 90% of the ~20,000 proteins encoded by the genome. “Target 2035” sounds ambitious, but its concept and practicality is on firm ground based on a number of pilot st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Critics argue that the technique is inaccurate for comparison of closely related species, as any attempt to measure differences between orthologous sequences between organisms is overwhelmed by the hybridization of paralogous sequences within an organism's genome. DNA sequencing and computational comparisons of sequenc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In high-density oligonucleotide SNP arrays, hundreds of thousands of probes are arrayed on a small chip, allowing for many SNPs to be interrogated simultaneously. Because SNP alleles only differ in one nucleotide and because it is difficult to achieve optimal hybridization conditions for all probes on the array, the t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The results of glycol adsorption, cation exchange capacity, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and chemical tests all give data that may be used for quantitative estimations. After the quantities of organic matter, carbonates, free oxides, and nonclay minerals have been determined, the percentages of cla... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Born in Accrington, Lancashire, England, on 9 March 1941, Halton was the only child of John Henry Halton and Mary (May) Halton (née Robinson). He contracted bovine tuberculosis as a young child and consequently missed two years of his early education. Later he attended St Josephs College, Blackpool, and St Josephs Acad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Accepted nomenclature is to designate the number of components of the rotaxane in brackets as a prefix. Therefore, the a rotaxane consisting of a single dumbbell-shaped axial molecule with a single macrocycle around its shaft is called a [2]rotaxane, and two cyanostar molecules around the central phosphate group of dia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cram described the interior of the container compound as the inner phase in which radically different reactivity was observed. He used a hemicarcerand to isolate highly unstable, antiaromatic cyclobutadiene at room temperature. The hemicarcerand stabilizes guests within its cavity by preventing their reaction with othe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Deuterium is most commonly used in hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (proton NMR) in the following way. NMR ordinarily requires compounds of interest to be analyzed as dissolved in solution. Because of deuterium's nuclear spin properties which differ from the light hydrogen usually present in organic mol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Persons are generally warned not to enter or drink water from algal blooms, or let their pets swim in the water since many pets have died from algal blooms. In at least one case, people began getting sick before warnings were issued. There is no treatment available for animals, including livestock cattle, if they drink... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In in vivo gene therapy, a vector (typically, a virus) is introduced to the patient, which then achieves the desired biological effect by passing the genetic material (e.g. for a missing protein) into the patients cells. In ex vivo gene therapies, such as CAR-T therapeutics, the patients own cells (autologous) or healt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is a less explosive alternative to diazomethane for the methylation of carboxylic acids. It also reacts with alcohols to give methyl ethers, where diazomethane may not.
It has also been employed widely in tandem with GC-MS for the analysis of various carboxylic compounds which are ubiquitous in nature. The fact that... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A suitable plant species for SCV roofs consist of the following features: drought tolerant, minimal root structure, minimal height, ability to form a vegetative mat, non-rangy, heat tolerant, frost tolerant, and the ability to adapt to a non-traditional soil media. Plant species that have extensive root system and tend... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It was long assumed that the midbody was simply a structural part of cytokinesis, and was totally degraded with the completion of mitosis. However, it is now understood that post-abscission, the midbody is converted into an endosome-like signalling molecule, and can be internalised by nearby cells.
This endosome is mar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From 1989 to 1995, Grasselli Brown worked as a distinguished visiting professor and director of research enhancement at her alma mater, Ohio University. She has also served as a chair of the board of trustees, chair of the Ohio Board of Regents, a Foundation Board trustee for nine years, and a member of the Cutler Scho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Synthetic hydrocarbons can be produced in chemical reactions between carbon dioxide, which can be captured from power plants or the air, and hydrogen. The fuel, often referred to as electrofuel, stores the energy that was used in the production of the hydrogen.
Hydrogen fuel is typically prepared by the electrolysis of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The School of Chemical Science or SOCHEM is a Chemistry and Technical education school in Indore, India. SOCHEM is a University Teaching Department of Devi Ahilya University. The institute is situated in the Takshila Campus of Devi Ahilya University. It was founded in 1972.
The institution provides post graduate and Ph... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diphenylamine was discovered by A. W. Hofmann in 1864 amongst the products of dry distillation of aniline dyes; it was first purposefully synthesized through deamination of a mix of aniline and its salts by a group of French chemists two years later.
In 1872, diphenylamine was suggested as a means to detect nitrous aci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A solar neutrino is a neutrino originating from nuclear fusion in the Sun's core, and is the most common type of neutrino passing through any source observed on Earth at any particular moment. Neutrinos are elementary particles with extremely small rest mass and a neutral electric charge. They only interact with matter... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycoazodyes (or GADs) are a family of "naturalised" synthetic dyes, so called because they are the conjugation of common commercial azo dyes with a sugar through a "linker". This principle is summarised in the scheme below. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mass defect is defined as the difference between the mass of a nucleus, and the sum of the masses of the nucleons of which it is composed. The mass defect is determined by calculating three quantities. These are: the actual mass of the nucleus, the composition of the nucleus (number of protons and of neutrons), and the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Main routes that can lead to human exposure to the toxic effects of bracken fern include ingestion of the plant (particularly the croziers and young fronds), inhalation of the airborne spores, consumption of the milk and meat of affected animals, and drinking ptaquiloside contaminated water. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, "sulfide" usually refers to the linkage C–S–C, although the term thioether is less ambiguous. For example, the thioether dimethyl sulfide is CH–S–CH. Polyphenylene sulfide (see below) has the empirical formula CHS. Occasionally, the term sulfide refers to molecules containing the –SH functional g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As of 2011, the long-acting agent tadalafil is licensed for the treatment of urinary symptoms resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On the periodic table, homologous elements share many electrochemical properties and appear in the same group (column) of the table. For example, all noble gases are colorless, monatomic gases with very low reactivity. These similarities are due to similar structure in their outer shells of valence electrons. Mendeleev... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Born in Feilding on 23 April 1931, Malcolm was educated at Feilding Agricultural High School. He then studied at Canterbury University College, graduating Master of Science with first-class honours in 1954. He was awarded an 1851 Exhibition Memorial Scholarship, and completed doctoral studies at the University of Manch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In enzymatic labeling, a DNA construct is first formed, using a gene and the DNA of a fluorescent protein. After transcription, a hybrid RNA + fluorescent is formed. The object of interest is attached to an enzyme that can recognize this hybrid DNA. Usually fluorescein is used as the fluorophore. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Under anoxic conditions, the mechanism for corrosion requires a substitute for oxygen as the oxidizing agent in the redox reaction. For abiotic anaerobic corrosion, that substitute is the hydrogen ion produced in the dissociation of water and the proceeding reduction of the hydrogen ions into diatomic hydrogen gas. The... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* For burner fuel, Concarbon provides an approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners.
* For diesel fuel, Concarbon correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits, provided that alkyl nitrates are absent, or if present, that the test is performed o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are three types of shrinkage: shrinkage of the liquid, solidification shrinkage and patternmakers shrinkage. The shrinkage of the liquid is rarely a problem because more material is flowing into the mold behind it. Solidification shrinkage occurs because metals are less dense as a liquid than a solid, so during s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Miray Bekbölet completed a B.S. with high distinction in chemistry and physics at Ege University in 1973. In 1979, she earned a Ph.D. in food sciences at Ege University. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
His most-cited publications, according to Google Scholar are:
*Lukinavičius, G., K. Umezawa, N. Olivier, A. Honigmann, G. Yang, T. Plass, V. Mueller, L. Reymond, I. R. Corrêa, Z.-G. Luo, C. Schultz, E. A. Lemke, P. Heppenstall, C. Eggeling, S. Manley and K. Johnsson (2013). [https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1546 A near-in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since 2000, light scattering systems have been used for biomedical applications such as the study of cellular morphology as well as the diagnosis of dysplasia. Variations in scattering distributions as a function of angle or wavelength have been used to deduce information regarding the size of cells and subcellular obj... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanoaluminum, or ultra fine grain (UFG) aluminum, powders are a key component of most nano-thermitic materials. A method for producing this material is the dynamic gas-phase condensation method, pioneered by Wayne Danen and Steve Son at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A variant of the method is being used at the Indian... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The reaction of an acid in water solvent is often described as a dissociation
where HA is a proton acid such as acetic acid, CHCOOH. The double arrow means that this is an equilibrium process, with dissociation and recombination occurring at the same time. This implies that the acid dissociation constant
However a more... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Walden reductor is a reduction column filled with metallic silver
which can be used to reduce a metal ion in aqueous solution to a lower oxidation state. It can be used e.g. to reduce UO to U. The method is named after George H. Walden, who developed it jointly with a Ph.D. student, Sylvan M. Edmonds, at Columbia U... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Entrainment is the transport of fluid across an interface between two bodies of fluid by a shear-induced turbulent flux. Entrainment is important in turbulent jets, plumes, and gravity currents, and is an ongoing topic of research. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A biomaterial is a substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose – either a therapeutic (treat, augment, repair, or replace a tissue function of the body) or a diagnostic one. The corresponding field of study, called biomaterials science or biomaterials engineering, is abo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Evaluating () in and using the relation between the isothermal compressibility and the structure factor at the origin yields the compressibility equation: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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