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Ordinary soda-lime glass appears colorless to the naked eye when it is thin, although iron oxide impurities produce a green tint which can be viewed in thick pieces or with the aid of scientific instruments. Further metals and metal oxides can be added to glass during its manufacture to change its color which can enhan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Additionally, electron-rich the hydride complex are less proton-like. Thus, as a result, the electronic effects that normally favour the Markovnikov addition to an alkene are less applicable. Thus, electron-rich hydrides are more selective. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another class of UV fluorescent bulb is designed for use in "bug zapper" flying insect traps. Insects are attracted to the UV light, which they are able to see, and are then electrocuted by the device. These bulbs use the same UV-A emitting phosphor blend as the filtered blacklight, but since they do not need to suppr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The earliest mention of alchemy in China occurs in connection with fangshi ("masters of the methods") specialists in cosmological and esoteric arts employed by rulers from the 4th century BCE.
The 3rd-century BCE Zhanguo Ce and Han Feizi both record a story about King Qingxiang of Chu (r. 298–263 BCE) being presented a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The density of saltwater depends on the dissolved salt content as well as the temperature. Ice still floats in the oceans, otherwise, they would freeze from the bottom up. However, the salt content of oceans lowers the freezing point by about 1.9 °C (due to freezing-point depression of a solvent containing a solute) an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stereoisomers are compounds that are identical in composition and connectivity but have a different spatial arrangement of atoms around the central atom. A molecule having multiple stereocenters will produce many possible stereoisomers. In compounds whose stereoisomerism is due to tetrahedral (sp) stereogenic centers, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A mixture of two helium isotopes (helium-3 and helium-4) in a certain range of temperatures and concentrations separates into parts. The initial mix of the two isotopes spontaneously separates into -rich and -rich regions. Phase separation also exists in ultracold gas systems. It has been shown experimentally in a two-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levofloxacin is rapidly and essentially completely absorbed after oral administration, with a plasma concentration profile over time that is essentially identical to that obtained from intravenous administration of the same amount over 60 minutes. As such, the intravenous and oral formulations of levofloxacin are cons... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Early iron smelting used charcoal as both the heat source and the reducing agent. By the 18th century, the availability of wood for making charcoal was limiting the expansion of iron production, so that England became increasingly dependent for a considerable part of the iron required by its industry, on Sweden (from t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calix Ltd has developed a new type of kiln that enables the from the calcination process to be driven off as a pure stream. Calix achieves this by calcining finely ground CaCO continuously down vertical reactor tubes. The reactor tubes are heated from the outside using electricity or fuel ensuring the stream is pure... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Delapril is a prodrug; it is converted into two active metabolites, 5-hydroxy delapril diacid and delapril diacid. These metabolites bind completely to and inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), hence blocking angiotensin I to angiotensin II conversion. The resulting vasodilation prevents the vasoconstrictive eff... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methylene is also a common ligand in coordination compounds, such as copper methylene .
Methylene can bond as a terminal ligand, which is called methylidene, or as a bridging ligand, which is called methanediyl. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This was developed in the desire for a simpler method. The bed is connected to a wide-diameter u-tube containing a liquid such as kerosene. On pressurizing the space between the u-tube and the bed, the liquid is forced down. The level of liquid then acts as a measure of both pressure and volume flow. The liquid le... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In mathematical finance for volatility smile modeling of options via local volatility, one has the problem of deriving a diffusion coefficient consistent with a probability density obtained from market option quotes. The problem is therefore an inversion of the Fokker–Planck equation: Given the density f(x,t) of the o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deoxynucleotides (dNTPs) may bind Mg ions and thus affect the concentration of free magnesium ions in the reaction. In addition, excessive amounts of dNTPs can increase the error rate of DNA polymerase and even inhibit the reaction. An imbalance in the proportion of the four dNTPs can result in misincorporation into th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mathematical function used to model cross-correlation curves in FCCS is slightly more complex compared to that used in FCS. One of the primary differences is the effective superimposed observation volume, denoted as in which the G and R channels form a single observation volume:
where and are radial parameters a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Disaccharidases are glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that break down certain types of sugars called disaccharides into simpler sugars called monosaccharides. In the human body, disaccharidases are made mostly in an area of the small intestine's wall called the brush border, making them members of the group of "brush borde... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A positron is ejected from the parent nucleus, but the daughter (Z−1) atom still has Z atomic electrons from the parent, i.e. the daughter is a negative ion (at least immediately after the positron emission). Since tables of masses are for atomic masses,
, and, since the mass of the positron is identical to that of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A hydraulic accumulator is a pressure storage reservoir in which an incompressible hydraulic fluid is held under pressure that is applied by an external source of mechanical energy. The external source can be an engine, a spring, a raised weight, or a compressed gas. An accumulator enables a hydraulic system to cope wi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most economical source of carbon for recycling into fuel is flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion where it can be obtained for about US$7.50 per ton. However, this is not carbon-neutral, since the carbon is of fossil origin, therefore moving carbon from the geosphere to the atmosphere. Since carbonic acid ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the Chan–Lam coupling the alkyl, alkenyl or aryl boronic acid reacts with a N–H or O–H containing compound with Cu(II) such as copper(II) acetate and oxygen and a base such as pyridine forming a new carbon–nitrogen bond or carbon–oxygen bond for example in this reaction of 2-pyridone with trans-1-hexenylboronic acid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electromagnets are placed above the sample slide, and an inverted microscope is placed below. The image is captured via a CCD camera and transferred to a computer, where the three-dimensional positions of the magnetic beads are determined. The position of the bead within the horizontal plane of the glass slide, x and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Friction loss is a significant engineering concern wherever fluids are made to flow, whether entirely enclosed in a pipe or duct, or with a surface open to the air.
* Historically, it is a concern in aqueducts of all kinds, throughout human history. It is also relevant to sewer lines. Systematic study traces back to He... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Compounds or materials that are easily transformed (often by biological activity) are termed labile. For example, labile phosphate is that fraction of soil phosphate that is readily transformed into soluble or plant-available phosphate. Labile organic matter is the soil organic matter that is easily decomposed by micro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The decay correct might be used this way: a group of 20 animals is injected with a compound of interest on a Monday at 10:00 a.m. The compound is chemically joined to the isotope copper-64, which has a known half-life of 12.7 hours, or 764 minutes. After one hour, the 5 animals in the "one hour" group are killed, dis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The gene for the LHCGR is found on chromosome 2 p21 in humans, close to the FSH receptor gene. It consists of 70 kbp (versus 54 kpb for the FSHR). The gene is similar to the gene for the FSH receptor and the TSH receptor. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
No study has led to the isolation of true human sex pheromones. While humans are highly dependent upon visual cues, when in close proximity, smells also play a role in sociosexual behaviors. An inherent difficulty in studying human pheromones is the need for cleanliness and odorlessness in human participants. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are a wide range of types of package plants, often serving small communities or industrial plants that may use hybrid treatment processes often involving the use of aerobic sludge to treat the incoming sewage. In such plants the primary settlement stage of treatment may be omitted. In these plants, a biotic floc ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Serotonylation is the process by which serotonin effects the exocytosis of alpha-granules from platelets (also known as thrombocytes). This involves the serotonylation of small GTPases such as Rab4 and RhoA. It has been suggested that "further understanding of the specific hormonal role of 5-HT in hemostasis and thromb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One conference specific to Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics is "International Conference on Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics" (ICPB) (http://www.icpb.net) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peer-reviewed test methods have been published by government agencies and private research organizations. Approved published methods must be used when testing to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Sir Hans Krebs Lecture and Medal is awarded annually by the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) for outstanding achievements in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology or related sciences.
It was endowed by the Lord Rank Centre for Research and named after the German-born British biochemist Sir Hans Adol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although quite stable, the blue ammonia solutions containing solvated electrons degrade rapidly in the presence of catalysts to give colorless solutions of sodium amide:
:2 [Na(NH)]e → H + 2 NaNH + 10 NH
Electride salts can be isolated by the addition of macrocyclic ligands such as crown ether and cryptands to so... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 1980s, the U.S. Department of Energy began a vigorous multiyear program, culminating in a 1992 50 MW demonstration coal combustor at the Component Development and Integration Facility (CDIF) in Butte, Montana. This program also had significant work at the Coal-Fired-In-Flow-Facility (CFIFF) at University of Tenn... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aspects of the carbonate-silicate cycle have changed through Earth history as a result of biological evolution and tectonic changes. Generally, the formation of carbonates has outpaced that of silicates, effectively removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The advent of carbonate biomineralization near the Precambr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first organoniobium compound fully characterized was , however the paramagnetic Nb(IV) metallocenes such as niobocene dichloride are more prevalent. Complexes are typically prepared by treatment of with NaCp to form the bis(cyclopentadienyl) complex followed by further functionalization. Derivatives of pentamethyl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Signal transduction mediated by the superfamily of GPCRs dates back to the origin of multicellularity. Mammalian-like GPCRs are found in fungi, and have been classified according to the GRAFS classification system based on GPCR fingerprints. Identification of the superfamily members across the eukaryotic domain, and co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Hamiltonian for a single spin evolving under a chemical shift of angular frequency is
which means that in an ensemble of many such spins with slightly different chemical shifts, there is a dephasing of the magnetisation in the - plane. Consider the pulse sequence
where is a time interval. Starting in an equilibr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid-associated protein found in pulmonary surfactant. Without it, the lung would not be able to inflate after a deep breath out. It rearranges lipid molecules in the fluid lining the lung so that tiny air sacs in the lung, called alveoli, can more easily inflate. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Following the first publication, Pockels' studies of surface films accelerated. She continued to correspond with Lord Rayleigh. These communications emphasized her findings concerning the importance of purity and cleanliness of the equipment, including a recognition of difficulties in her own experimentation regarding ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first use of the term ‘transcription factory’ was used in 1993 by [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC413307/Jackson] and his colleagues who noticed that transcription occurred at discrete sites in the nucleus. This contradicted the original view that transcription occurred at an even distribution through... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reactive transport modeling in porous media refers to the creation of computer models integrating chemical reaction with transport of fluids through the Earth's crust. Such models predict the distribution in space and time of the chemical reactions that occur along a flowpath. Reactive transport modeling in general can... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Science History Institute presents a number of annual awards to recognize outstanding contributions to science and technology by researchers, business leaders and entrepreneurs.
The annual Heritage Day Awards honor achievements in science and technology and comprise the Othmer Gold Medal,
the Richard J. Bolte Sr. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In experimental biophysics, the activity of molecular motors is observed with many different experimental approaches, among them:
* Fluorescent methods: fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF).
* Magnetic tweezers can also... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The GUS assay does not require the presence of any cofactors or ions for function. Beta-glucuronidase can function through a wide range of pH values, and is fairly resistant to thermal inactivation. However, GUS is susceptible to inhibition from certain heavy metal ions, such as Cu and Zn.
Additionally, the interpretat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NMOR is a component of tobacco products. As of 2014, detectable levels of NMOR are present in tobacco products in the United States and China. The presence of NMOR and other n-nitrosoamines is not limited to cigarettes, but is found in smokeless tobacco products (snuff tobacco, Snus, etc.) as well. Volatile nitrosamine... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This quantity can be calculated from the slope of the function of two concentration cells, without or with ionic transport.
The EMF of transport concentration cell involves both the transport number of the cation and its activity coefficient:
where and are activities of HCl solutions of right and left hand electrode... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Floriana Tuna is a Romanian chemist and a Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Chemistry at The University of Manchester. Her research in general is based on inorganic chemistry and magnetochemistry, specifically on molecular magnetism, EPR spectroscopy and quantum computing. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
JAK inhibitors are used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. They are also being studied in psoriasis, polycythemia vera, alopecia, essential thrombocythemia, ulcerative colitis, myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis and vitiligo. Examples are tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib and filgo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At distances on the scale of the wavelength of a radiated electromangetic wave or smaller, Planck's law is not accurate. For objects this small and close together, the quantum tunneling of EM waves has a significant impact on the rate of radiation.
A more sophisticated framework involving electromagnetic theory must be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In his 1884 dissertation, Svante Arrhenius put forth his explanation of solid crystalline salts disassociating into paired charged particles when dissolved, for which he won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Arrheniuss explanation was that in forming a solution, the salt dissociates into charged particles, to which Mi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trimethylsilyl azide is commercially available. It may be prepared by the reaction of trimethylsilyl chloride and sodium azide: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Classically radicals form by one-electron reductions. Typically one-electron reduced organic compounds are unstable. Stability is conferred to the radical anion when the charge can be delocalized. Examples include alkali metal naphthenides, anthracenides, and ketyls. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chromosomal landing is a genetic technique used to identify and isolate clones in a genetic library. Chromosomal landing reduces the problem of analyzing large, and/or highly repetitive genomes by minimizing the need for chromosome walking. It is based on the principle that the expected average between-marker distances... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As briefly mentioned in Section: Impact on Models for large-scale Ocean Circulation, the surface currents can be calculated by forcing surface winds into a general circulation model. The case of a model which is also forced by relative wind stress can be visualized in Figure 5. Firstly, the satellite data is used to in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In boiling water reactors (BWR), the fuel is similar to PWR fuel except that the bundles are "canned". That is, there is a thin tube surrounding each bundle. This is primarily done to prevent local density variations from affecting neutronics and thermal hydraulics of the reactor core. In modern BWR fuel bundles, there... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tornadoes and dust devils display localised vortex flow. Their fluid motion is similar to tropical cyclones but on a much smaller scale so that the Coriolis effect is not significant. The primary flow is circular around the vertical axis of the tornado or dust devil. As with all vortex flow, the speed of the flow is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1987, an elderly couple was exposed to sulfuryl fluoride in their house already cleared for reentry. While the fumigation company opened windows and doors, and aerated the house with fans, sulfuryl fluoride level was not measured. It was not detected when the air was sampled 12 days after aeration. The couple experi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The treatment given so far is for a system not subject to an external electric field. When conductivity is measured the system is subject to an oscillating external field due to the application of an AC voltage to electrodes immersed in the solution. Debye and Hückel modified their theory in 1926 and their theory was f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was invented by Jan Schouten, a Dutch scientist. The method was first described in 2002 in the scientific journal Nucleic Acid Research. The first applications included the detection of exon deletions in the human genes BRCA1, MSH2 and MLH1, which are linked to heredita... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hot corrosion can affect gas turbines operating in high salt environments (e.g., near the ocean). Salts, including chlorides and sulfates, are ingested by the turbines and deposited in the hot sections of the engine; other elements present in fuels also form salts, e.g. vanadates. The heat from the engine melts these s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The roasting process is generally undertaken in combination with reverberatory furnaces. In the roaster, the copper concentrate is partially oxidised to produce "calcine". Sulfur dioxide is liberated. The stoichiometry of the reaction is:
Roasting generally leaves more sulfur in the calcined product (15% in the case of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sievert is used in external radiation protection for equivalent dose (the external-source, whole-body exposure effects, in a uniform field), and effective dose (which depends on the body parts irradiated).
These dose quantities are weighted averages of absorbed dose designed to be representative of the stochastic h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Random packing was used as early as 1820. Originally the packing material consisted of glass spheres, however in 1850 they were replaced by a more porous pumice stone and pieces of coke. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In one study, the human health and environmental costs due to pesticides in the United States was estimated to be $9.6 billion: offset by about $40 billion in increased agricultural production.
Additional costs include the registration process and the cost of purchasing pesticides: which are typically borne by agrichem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) publishes the following Tri-Harmonized Standard:
* ASSE 1002/ASME A112.1002/CSA B125.12 on Performance Requirements for Anti-Siphon Fill Valves (Ballcocks) for Gravity Water Closet Flush Tanks | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Indian National Chemistry Olympiad (INChO for short) is an Olympiad in Chemistry held in India.
The theory part of the INChO examination is held in end-January/beginning of February of every year. It is conducted by the Indian Association of Chemistry Teachers. School students (usually of standards 11 and 12) first... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The alkA gene product is a glycosylase that can repair a variety of lesions, removing a base from the sugar-phosphate backbone, producing an abasic site. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the cases of carbon dioxide cooled graphite moderated reactors such as magnox and AGR power reactors an important corrosion reaction is the reaction of a molecule of carbon dioxide with graphite (carbon) to form two molecules of carbon monoxide. This is one of the processes which limits the working life of this type... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Proton beams can be used for writing (proton beam writing) through either the hardening of a polymer (by proton induced cross-linking), or through the degradation of a proton sensitive material. This may have important effects in the field of nanotechnology. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Substrates can be classified according to their polarity. Nonpolar substrates are dominated by alkenes. Polar substrates include ketones, enamines ketimines. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a concrete structure is heavily reinforced, the very dense rebar network can block the contraction movement of the protecting concrete cover located above the external layer of reinforcement bars due to the natural drying shrinkage process. As a consequence, a network of fissures with the characteristic honeycomb ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
He was appointed lecturer in chemistry at the University of Glasgow in 1787, and professor of medicine in 1789.
In January 1788, on the proposal of John Walker, Daniel Rutherford and Alexander Monro, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
In 1791–1792 Hope completed experiments on the chemical eleme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to being described by a multi-component order parameter, numerous types of
topological defects (vortices) can appear in spinor condensates
Homotopy theory provides a natural description of topological defects, and is regularly employed to understand
vortices in spinor condensates. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the history of thermodynamics, Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge (Chemical thermodynamic process) is a sequence of three papers (1882–1883) written by German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz. It is one of the founding papers in thermodynamics, along with Josiah Willard Gibbss 1876 paper "On the Equilibrium of Heterog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Isobutyl nitrite is one of the compounds used as poppers, an inhalant drug that induces a brief euphoria.
Isobutyl nitrite is known to cause methemoglobinemia. Severe methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is very little known about the mechanism of action of these drugs. However, it was shown in 2015 that a possible mechanism of action of these drugs in colorectal cancer-initiating cells is through activating dsRNA expression which leads to the activation of the MDA5/MAVS RNA recognition pathway inducing some sort... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The docking of IP to its receptor, which is called the inositol trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R), was first studied using deletion mutagenesis in the early 1990s. Studies focused on the N-terminus side of the IP receptor. In 1997 researchers localized the region of the IP receptor involved with binding of IP to between ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The values for the octanol-water system in the following table are from the Dortmund Data Bank. They are sorted by the partition coefficient, smallest to largest (acetamide being hydrophilic, and 2,2,4,4,5-pentachlorobiphenyl lipophilic), and are presented with the temperature at which they were measured (which impacts... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The age of a water parcel can be estimated by the CFC partial pressure (pCFC) age or SF partial pressure (pSF) age. The pCFC age of a water sample is defined as:
where [CFC] is the measured CFC concentration (pmol kg) and F is the solubility of CFC gas in seawater as a function of temperature and salinity. The CFC part... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Naphthenic acids, mixtures of long chain and cyclic carboxylic acids extracted from petroleum, form lipophilic complexes (often called salts) with transition metals. These metal naphthenates, have the formula M(naphthenate), or MO(naphthenate), have diverse applications including synthetic detergents, lubricants, corro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Digallane (systematically named digallane(6)) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written or ). It is the dimer of the monomeric compound gallane. The eventual preparation of the pure compound, reported in 1989,
was hailed as a "tour de force." Digallane had been reported as early as 1941 by Wibe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The formation of stable nanoclusters such as Buckminsterfullerene (C) has been suggested to have occurred during the early universe. The first set of experiments to form nanoclusters can be traced back to 1950s and 1960s. During this period, nanoclusters were produced from intense molecular beams at low temperature by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Chaetomium thermophilum, a complex of a metabolon exists between fatty acid synthase and a MDa carboxylase, and was observed using chemical cross-linking coupled to mass spectrometry and visualized by cryo-electron microscopy. The Fatty acid synthesis metabolon in C. thermophilum is highly flexible, and although a h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recently the late-stage sulfoximidation of electron-rich arenes by photoredox catalysis was reported and several examples were discussed. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although they have excellent environmental credentials, waterborne polyurethane dispersions tend to suffer from lower mechanical strength than other resins. The use of polycarbonate based polyols in the synthesis can help overcome this weakness. The wear and corrosion resistance is also not as good and hence they are o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The types and sizes of bioaerosols vary in marine environments and occur largely because of wet-discharges caused by changes in osmotic pressure or surface tension. Some types of marine originated bioaerosols excrete dry-discharges of fungal spores that are transported by the wind.
One instance of impact on marine spec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a nucleus has a spin quantum number, I, greater than 1/2 it has a quadrupole moment. In that case, coupling of nuclear spin angular momentum with rotational angular momentum causes splitting of the rotational energy levels. If the quantum number J of a rotational level is greater than I, levels are produced; but ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bay muds occur in bays and estuaries throughout the temperate regions of the world. In North America, prominent instances are: (a) the Stellwagen Bank formed 16,000 to 9000 BCE by glaciation of Cape Cod Bay in Massachusetts, (b) Florida Bay, (c) in California Morro Bay and San Francisco Bay and (d) Knik & Turnagain Ar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
RNAPII can exist in two forms: RNAPII0, with a highly phosphorylated CTD, and RNAPIIA, with a nonphosphorylated CTD. Phosphorylation occurs principally on Ser2 and Ser5 of the repeats, although these positions are not equivalent. The phosphorylation state changes as RNAPII progresses through the transcription cycle: Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since the 1940s, the DLVO theory has been used to explain phenomena found in colloidal science, adsorption and many other fields. Due to the more recent popularity of nanoparticle research, DLVO theory has become even more popular because it can be used to explain behavior of both material nanoparticles such as fullere... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following process models are commonly applied to geometallurgy:
* The Bond equation
* The SPI calibration equation, CEET
* FLEET*
* SMC model
* Aminpro-Grind, Aminpro-Flot models | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Usually the time-of-flight tube used in mass spectrometry is praised for simplicity, but for precision measurements of charged low energy particles the electric and the magnetic field in the tube has to be controlled within 10 mV and 1 nT respectively.
The work function homogeneity of the tube can be controlled by a Ke... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a strong base, TBD fully deprotonates most phenols, carboxylic acids, and some C-acids. It catalyzes a variety of reactions including Michael reactions, Henry reactions (nitroaldol reactions), transesterification reactions, and Knoevenagel condensations.
Deprotonation at the 7-position gives a particularly electron... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two basic sets of theorems exists, one for flux and another for concentrations. The concentration connectivity theorems are divided again depending on whether the system species is different from the local species . | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The d electron count or number of d electrons is a chemistry formalism used to describe the electron configuration of the valence electrons of a transition metal center in a coordination complex. The d electron count is an effective way to understand the geometry and reactivity of transition metal complexes. The forma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As with any piece of instrumentation or equipment, there are many aspects of maintenance that need to be encompassed by daily, weekly and annual procedures. The frequency of maintenance is typically determined by the sample volume and cumulative run time that the instrument is subjected to.
One of the first things tha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Researchers have been using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to mimic the papillae of lotus leaves. CNT nanoforests can be made using chemical vapor deposition techniques. CNT’s can be applied on a surface to modify its water contact angle. Lau et al. created vertical CNT forests with a polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) coating tha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This naming method generally follows established IUPAC organic nomenclature. Hydrides of the main group elements (groups 13–17) are given -ane base names, e.g. borane, BH. Acceptable alternative names for some of the parent hydrides are water rather than oxidane and ammonia rather than azane. In these cases the base na... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a Morpholino to be effective, it must be delivered past the cell membrane into the cytosol of a cell. Once in the cytosol, Morpholinos freely diffuse between the cytosol and nucleus, as demonstrated by the nuclear splice-modifying activity of Morpholinos observed after microinjection into the cytosol of cells. Dif... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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