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Based on low-quality evidence, levetiracetam is about as effective as phenytoin for prevention of early seizures after traumatic brain injury. It may be effective for prevention of seizures associated with subarachnoid hemorrhages. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transcriptome analysis have been used to study the evolution and diversification process of plant species. In 2014, the 1000 Plant Genomes Project was completed in which the transcriptomes of 1,124 plant species from the families viridiplantae, glaucophyta and rhodophyta were sequenced. The protein coding sequences wer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flotation can be performed in rectangular or cylindrical mechanically agitated cells or tanks, flotation columns, Jameson Cells or deinking flotation machines. Classified by the method of air absorption manner, it is fair to state that two distinct groups of flotation equipment have arisen:pneumatic and mechanical mach... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oxygen depletion can result from a number of natural factors, but is most often a concern as a consequence of pollution and eutrophication in which plant nutrients enter a river, lake, or ocean, and phytoplankton blooms are encouraged. While phytoplankton, through photosynthesis, will raise DO saturation during dayligh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Gene silencing can occur during either transcription or translation and is often used in research. In particular, methods used to silence genes are being increasingly used to produce therapeutics to combat cancer ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A lead star is a low-metallicity star with an overabundance of lead and bismuth as compared to other products of the S-process. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The island of stability is a region outside the valley of stability where it is predicted that a set of heavy isotopes with near magic numbers of protons and neutrons will locally reverse the trend of decreasing stability in elements heavier than uranium.
The hypothesis for the island of stability is based upon the nuc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diaminophosphorus chlorides and tris(dimethylamino)phosphine are precursors to phosphenium ions of the type [(RN)P]:
:RPCl + AlCl → [RP]AlCl
:P(NMe) + 2 HOTf → [P(NMe)]OTf + [HNMe]OTf | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The dominant effect of a nuclear weapon (the blast and thermal radiation) are the same physical damage mechanisms as conventional explosives, but the energy produced by a nuclear explosive is millions of times more per gram and the temperatures reached are in the tens of megakelvin. Nuclear weapons are quite different ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fatty acid synthesis is an anabolic process that starts from the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Malonyl CoA leads to fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and is involved in the elongation of fatty acids through Fatty acid synthase (FASN). Although aerobic glycolysis is the best documented meta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The pancreas is a major organ functioning as an accessory digestive gland in the digestive system. It is both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland. The endocrine part secretes insulin when the blood sugar becomes high; insulin moves glucose from the blood into the muscles and other tissues for use as energy. The en... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In bacteria and eukaryotes, proteins TFIIB and sigma factor are involved in the initiation of transcription, where they facilitate preinitiation complex formation and specific RNA Polymerase-DNA binding. The archaeal counterpart to these two proteins is TFB, which was first identified in the species Pyrococcus woesei i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Occupational exposure limits are based on available toxicology and epidemiology data to protect nearly all workers over a working lifetime. Exposure assessments in occupational settings are most often performed by occupational/industrial hygiene (OH/IH) professionals who gather "basic characterization" consisting of a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In Pakistan's academia and nuclear society, Qureshi was well known for his interests in classical music theory and love of playing the guitar and sitar, which he played on several occasions. He also had an interest in American poetry, which he often quoted among his peers while working on the bomb program, and played t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a pure substance in solution, if the color and path length are fixed and the specific rotation is known, the observed rotation can be used to calculate the concentration. This usage makes a polarimeter a tool of great importance to those trading in or using sugar syrups in bulk. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Safranin (Safranin O or basic red 2) is a biological stain used in histology and cytology. Safranin is used as a counterstain in some staining protocols, colouring cell nuclei red. This is the classic counterstain in both Gram stains and endospore staining. It can also be used for the detection of cartilage, mucin and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phototherapy may cause lipid peroxidation leading to rupture of red blood cell cell membranes in this way.
In addition, end-products of lipid peroxidation may be mutagenic and carcinogenic. For instance, the end-product MDA reacts with deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine in DNA, forming DNA adducts to them, primarily MG.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Large molecules may have isomers that differ by the topology of their overall arrangement in space, even if there is no specific geometric constraint that separate them. For example, long chains may be twisted to form topologically distinct knots, with interconversion prevented by bulky substituents or cycle closing (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wehrlite is an ultramafic and ultrabasic rock that is a mixture of olivine and clinopyroxene. It is a subdivision of the peridotites.
The nomenclature allows up to a few percent of orthopyroxene. Accessory minerals include ilmenite, chromite, magnetite and an aluminium-bearing mineral (plagioclase, spinel or garnet).
W... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The far-eastern blot, or far-eastern blotting, is a technique for the analysis of lipids separated by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). When executing the technique, lipids are transferred from HPTLC plates to a PVDF membrane for further analysis, for example by enzymatic or ligand binding assays and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The branching index measures the effect of long-chain branches on the size of a macromolecule in solution. It is defined as g = >/>, where s is the mean square radius of gyration of the branched macromolecule in a given solvent, and s is the mean square radius of gyration of an otherwise identical linear macromolecule ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are protein kinases that phosphorylate only active GPCRs. G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are key modulators of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. They constitute a family of seven mammalian serine-threonine protein kinases that phosphorylate agonist-bou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The studies of crystalline ionic conductors where excess ions were provided by point defect continued through 1950s, and the specific mechanism of conduction was established for each compound depending on its ionic structure. The emergence of glassy and polymeric electrolytes in the late 1970s provided new ionic conduc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanoparticles are naturally produced by many cosmological, geological, meteorological, and biological processes. A significant fraction (by number, if not by mass) of interplanetary dust, that is still falling on the Earth at the rate of thousands of tons per year, is in the nanoparticle range; and the same is true of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Abnormal proteolytic activity is associated with many diseases. In pancreatitis, leakage of proteases and their premature activation in the pancreas results in the self-digestion of the pancreas. People with diabetes mellitus may have increased lysosomal activity and the degradation of some proteins can increase signif... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a diradical is a molecular species with two electrons occupying molecular orbitals (MOs) which are degenerate. The term "diradical" is mainly used to describe organic compounds, where most diradicals are extremely reactive and in fact rarely isolated. Diradicals are even-electron molecules but have one f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photosensitizers can be placed into 3 generalized domains based on their molecular structure. These three domains are organometallic photosensitizers, organic photosensitizers, and nanomaterial photosensitizers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kode Technology has been used for the in vitro modification of murine embryos, spermatozoa, zebra fish, epithelial/endometrial cells and red blood cells to create cellular quality controls systems, serologic kits (teaching), rare antigen expression, add infectious markers onto cells, modified cell adhesion/interaction/... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jābir analyzed each Aristotelian element in terms of Aristotles four basic qualities of hotness, coldness, dryness, and moistness. For example, fire is a substance that is hot and dry, as shown in the table. According to Jābir, in each metal two of these qualities were interior and two were exterior. For example, lea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Condensation polymers baring cleavable groups such as esters and amides can also be completely depolymerised by hydrolysis or solvolysis. This can be a purely chemical process but may also be promoted by enzymes. Such technologies are less well developed than those of thermal depolymerisation, but have the potential f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
# Clone the P element into a plasmid and transform and grow this in bacteria.
# Eliminate the P transposase and replace it with your gene of interest.
#Microinject the posterior end of an early-stage (pre-cellularization) embryo with DNA coding for transposase and a plasmid with the reporter gene, gene of interest and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In vitro studies using purified 20S proteasomes showed that salinosporamide A has lower EC50 for trypsin-like (T-L) activity than does bortezomib. In vivo animal model studies show marked inhibition of T-L activity in response to salinosporamide A, whereas bortezomib enhances T-L proteasome activity.
Initial results fr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The name NANOG derives from Tír na nÓg (Irish for "Land of the Young"), a name given to the Celtic Otherworld in Irish and Scottish mythology. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the conversion of carbon dioxide to useful materials, the water–gas shift reaction is used to produce carbon monoxide from hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This is sometimes called the reverse water–gas shift reaction.
Water gas is defined as a fuel gas consisting mainly of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H). The ter... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A carbon atom that is attached to four different substituent groups is called an asymmetric carbon atom or chiral carbon. Chiral carbons are the most common type of chirality center. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These fission yields were calculated for U assuming thermal neutrons (0.0253 eV) using data from the chart of the nuclides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Snf3 is a plasma membrane protein in yeasts that consists of 12 (2x6) transmembrane domains, like the homologous glucose transporters. Its structure is distinct from the homologous transporters in particular by a long C-terminal tail which is predicted to reside in the cytoplasm.
The long C-terminal tail plays an impor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On 23 November 2007, the use and trade of pseudoephedrine in Mexico was made illegal as it was argued that it was extremely popular as a precursor in the synthesis of methamphetamine. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The regulation of modafinil as a doping agent has been controversial in the sporting world, with high-profile cases attracting press coverage since several prominent American athletes tested positive for the substance. Some athletes who used modafinil protested that the drug was not on the prohibited list at the time o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The slow processing speed of a DNA computer (the response time is measured in minutes, hours or days, rather than milliseconds) is compensated by its potential to make a high amount of multiple parallel computations. This allows the system to take a similar amount of time for a complex calculation as for a simple one. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enantioselective intermolecular cyclopropanation has been applied to the synthesis of the chiral cyclopropane antibiotics cilastatin.
Tandem cyclopropanation/fragmentation is a key step in the synthesis of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A standpipe or riser is a type of rigid water piping which is built into multi-story buildings in a vertical position, or into bridges in a horizontal position, to which fire hoses can be connected, allowing manual application of water to the fire. Within the context of a building or bridge, a standpipe serves the same... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although the heat from the carbonator is not at a high enough temperature to be used in the calciner, the high temperatures involved (>600 °C) mean that a relatively efficient Rankine cycle for generating electricity can be operated.
Note that the waste heat from the market-leading amine scrubbing CO capture process is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many authors, for example Greco and Hakala, have claimed that non-linear regression is always superior to regression of the linear forms of the Michaelis–Menten equation. However, that is correct only if the appropriate weighting scheme is used, preferably on the basis of experimental investigation, something that is a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Interaction of E. coli exometabolites with C. elegans affects life span.
Bacteria and yeast in dairy systems. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Herbicides (, ), also commonly known as weed killers, are substances used to control undesired plants, also known as weeds. Selective herbicides control specific weed species while leaving the desired crop relatively unharmed, while non-selective herbicides (sometimes called "total weed killers") kill plants indiscrimi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1992, a Japan–U.S. joint-team proposed a novel direct energy conversion system for 14.7 MeV protons produced by D-He fusion reactions, whose energy is too high for electrostatic converters.
The conversion is based on a Traveling-Wave Direct Energy Converter (TWDEC). A gyrotron converter first guides fusion product i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Ružička large-ring synthesis or Ružička reaction or Ružička cyclization is an organic reaction in which a dicarboxylic acid is converted to a cyclic ketone via heating with a thorium oxide catalyst. The reaction is named after Lavoslav Ružička, who invented it in 1926.
The reaction has been applied in the synthe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A ketyl group in organic chemistry is an anion radical that contains a group RCO. It is the product of the 1-electron reduction of a ketone.
Another mesomeric structure has the radical position on carbon and the negative charge on oxygen.
Ketyls can be formed as radical anions by one-electron reduction of carbonyls ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Bacteriophytochrome
* sensory bacteriorhodopsin
* Halorhodopsin
* Proteorhodopsin
* Cyanobacteriochrome | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A final substrate-level phosphorylation now forms a molecule of pyruvate and a molecule of ATP by means of the enzyme pyruvate kinase. This serves as an additional regulatory step, similar to the phosphoglycerate kinase step.
Cofactors: Mg | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Endergonic reactions can be achieved if they are either pulled or pushed by an exergonic (stability increasing, negative change in free energy) process. Of course, in all cases the net reaction of the total system (the reaction under study plus the puller or pusher reaction) is exergonic. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* M.J.R Cantow Polymer Fractionation Academic Press, New York (1967)
* L.H. Tung Fractionation of Synthetic Polymers Marcel Dekker, New York (1977)
* F. Francuskiewicz Polymer Fractionation Springer, Berlin (1994)
* R. Koningsveld, L.D. Kleintjens, H. Geerissen, P. Schützeichel, B.A. Wolf „Fractionation“ in: Comprehens... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrology considers quantifying surface water flow and solute transport, although the treatment of flows in large rivers is sometimes considered as a distinct topic of hydraulics or hydrodynamics. Surface water flow can include flow both in recognizable river channels and otherwise. Methods for measuring flow once the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The orientation of a glide plane is given by the position of the symbol in the Hermann–Mauguin designation, just as with mirror planes.
They are noted by a, b, or c depending on which axis (direction) the glide is along. There is also the n glide, which is a glide along the half of a diagonal of a face, and the d glide... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metabolic network modelling aims at reproducing cellular metabolism in silico. Metabolite damage and repair create cellular energy costs, and consequently need to be incorporated into genome-scale metabolic models so that these models can more effectively guide metabolic engineering design.
In addition, genes encoding ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In physical chemistry and materials science, texture is the distribution of crystallographic orientations of a polycrystalline sample (it is also part of the geological fabric). A sample in which these orientations are fully random is said to have no distinct texture. If the crystallographic orientations are not random... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The included cutting angles of all kinds of sharp edge blades are measured using a laser reflecting goniometer. Developed by the Cutlery and Allied Trades Research Association (CATRA) in the UK, a range of devices can accurately determine the cutting edge profile, including a rounding of the tip to ½°. The included ang... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Roughly 5 grams of iron are present in the human body and is the most abundant trace metal. It is absorbed in the intestine as heme or non-heme iron depending on the food source. Heme iron is derived from the digestion of hemoproteins in meat. Non-heme iron is mainly derived from plants and exist as iron(II) or iron(II... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stream metabolism, often referred to as aquatic ecosystem metabolism in both freshwater (lakes, rivers, wetlands, streams, reservoirs) and marine ecosystems, includes gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) and can be expressed as net ecosystem production (NEP = GPP - ER). Analogous to metaboli... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As with the case of superfluid liquid helium, atomic nuclei are an example of a state in which both (1) "ordinary" particle physical rules for volume and (2) non-intuitive quantum mechanical rules for a wave-like nature apply. In superfluid helium, the helium atoms have volume, and essentially "touch" each other, yet a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The third stage of DNA demethylation is removal of the intermediate products of demethylation generated by a TET enzyme by base excision repair. As indicated above in Stage 2, after 5mC is first oxidized by a TET to form 5hmC, further oxidation of 5hmC by TET yields 5fC and oxidation of 5fC by TET yields 5caC. Both 5fC... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The insertion of alkenes into both metal-carbon is important. The insertion of ethylene and propylene into titanium alkyls is the cornerstone of Ziegler–Natta catalysis, the main source of polyethylene and polypropylene. The majority of this technology involves heterogeneous catalysts, but it is widely assumed that the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Part of the extraordinary potential of hyrax middens as palaeoenvironmental archives is the large range of proxies that are contained within them. Initially, when their diachronic nature was less evident, they were viewed as the poor relation to the better studied pack rat middens. While pack rat middens are rich in id... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The liquid junction potential cannot be measured directly but calculated. The electromotive force (EMF) of a concentration cell with transference includes the liquid junction potential.
The EMF of a concentration cell without transport is:
where and are activities of HCl in the two solutions, is the universal gas c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The RNA integrity number (RIN) is an algorithm for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements.
The integrity of RNA is a major concern for gene expression studies and traditionally has been evaluated using the 28S to 18S rRNA ratio, a method that has been shown to be inconsistent. This inconsistency arises because ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ground water is water beneath Earth's surface, often pumped for drinking water. Groundwater hydrology (hydrogeology) considers quantifying groundwater flow and solute transport. Problems in describing the saturated zone include the characterization of aquifers in terms of flow direction, groundwater pressure and, by in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphorescence is a type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence. When exposed to light (radiation) of a shorter wavelength, a phosphorescent substance will glow, absorbing the light and reemitting it at a longer wavelength. Unlike fluorescence, a phosphorescent material does not immediately reemit the radiation ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The third case described by Asakura and Oosawa is two plates in a solution of polymers. Due to the size of the polymers, the concentration of polymers in the neighborhood of the plates is reduced, which result the conformational entropy of the polymers being decreased. The case can be approximated by modeling it as dif... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Planning practices include several related approaches that were developed independently by various practitioners. These differently named approaches include similar concepts and share similar goals in protecting water quality.
*Conservation design, also called Conservation Development
*Better Site Design
*Green Infras... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical bleaching is achieved by oxidation or reduction. Oxidation can destroy the dye completely, e.g. through the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, common bleach) or hydrogen peroxide. Reduction of methyl violet occurs in microorganisms but can be attained chemically using sodium dithionite. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1978, Hoffmann reported the first asymmetric carbonyl allylation using a chiral allylmetal reagent, an allylborane derived from camphor. Such methods utilize preformed allyl metal reagents. The approach is well developed using allyl boranes
As illustrated by the Keck allylation, catalytic enantioselective additions... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Much of the analysis of what was viewed in the pipeline is conducted at the time of the inspection by the camera operator, but the entire inspection is always recorded and saved for review. Commercial software and hardware for video pipe inspection are available from a variety of vendors, including Cues, ITpipes, and W... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
China banned expanded polystyrene takeout/takeaway containers and tableware in 1999, but later revoked the policy in 2013 amidst industry lobbying. Haiti banned foam food containers in 2012 to reduce waste in canals and roadside drains. In 2019, the European Parliament voted 560 to 35 to ban all food and beverage conta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The negative charge of its phosphate backbone moves the DNA towards the positively charged anode during electrophoresis. However, the migration of DNA molecules in solution, in the absence of a gel matrix, is independent of molecular weight during electrophoresis, i.e. there is no separation by size without a gel matri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unlike wet coating processes, metal evaporated (ME) media are fabricated by physical deposition of vaporized cobalt or cobalt-nickel mix in a vacuum chamber. There is no synthetic binder to hold particles together; instead, they adhere directly to polyester tape substrate. An electron beam melts source metal, creating ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry and biochemistry it is customary to use pK values for acid dissociation equilibria.
where log denotes a logarithm to base 10 or common logarithm, and K is a stepwise acid dissociation constant. For bases, the base association constant, pK is used. For any given acid or base the two constants are re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A noise barrier (also called a soundwall, noise wall, sound berm, sound barrier, or acoustical barrier) is an exterior structure designed to protect inhabitants of sensitive land use areas from noise pollution. Noise barriers are the most effective method of mitigating roadway, railway, and industrial noise sources –
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The second generation EGFR inhibitors Afatinib and Mobocertinib have been approved for the treatment of EGFR driven lung cancer and Dacomitinib is in late stage clinical testing. The third generation EGFR inhibitors which target mutant EGFR which is specific to the tumor but are selective against wild-type EGFR that a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Potassium tert-butoxide catalyzes the reaction of hydrosilanes and heterocyclic compounds to give the silyl derivatives, with release of H. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ASC customers include manufacturing and processing firms from a wide variety of industries, including:
* Electricity / power generation
* Renewable energy
* Food processing
* Manufacturing
* Metals processing / heat treating
* Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) of buildings
* Cement and mineral producti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Isotope electrochemistry is a field within electrochemistry concerned with various topics like electrochemical separation of isotopes, electrochemical estimation of isotopic exchange equilibrium constants, electrochemical kinetic isotope effect, electrochemical isotope sensors, etc.
It is an active domain of investigat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Given the short sequences of most promoter elements, promoters can rapidly evolve from random sequences. For instance, in E. coli, ~60% of random sequences can evolve expression levels comparable to the wild-type lac promoter with only one mutation, and that ~10% of random sequences can serve as active promoters even w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Studies in 2007 have catalogued nucleosome positions in yeast and shown that nucleosomes are depleted in promoter regions and origins of replication.
About 80% of the yeast genome appears to be covered by nucleosomes and the pattern of nucleosome positioning clearly relates to DNA regions that regulate transcription, r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Volume Bragg gratings (VBG) or volume holographic gratings (VHG) consist of a volume where there is a periodic change in the refractive index. Depending on the orientation of the refractive index modulation, VBG can be used either to transmit or reflect a small bandwidth of wavelengths. Bragg's law (adapted for volume ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nitrogen is present in the environment in a wide variety of chemical forms including organic nitrogen, ammonium (), nitrite (), nitrate (), nitrous oxide (), nitric oxide (NO) or inorganic nitrogen gas (). Organic nitrogen may be in the form of a living organism, humus or in the intermediate products of organic matter ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dharmastikaay means the principles of Motion that pervade the entire universe. Dharmastikaay and Adharmastikaay are by themselves not motion or rest but mediate motion and rest in other bodies. Without Dharmastikaay motion is not possible. The medium of motion helps matter and the sentient that are prone to motion to m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
TCL is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (more specifically a GTPase), and is a member of the Rho family of GTPases.,.
TCL (TC10-like) shares 85% and 78% amino acid similarity to TC10 and Cdc42, respectively. TCL mRNA is 2.5 kb long and is mainly expressed in heart. In vitro, TCL shows rapid GDP/GTP exchange and di... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
FSM is considered an entry point for sanitation improvement programs that are led by local governments. Such programs may include tariffs or user fees, promotions campaigns to raise the willingness to pay for the service, and local ordinances that define the rules and regulations governing FSM. In the Philippines, tari... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
AMCA membership is open to any company that manufactures or holds the design of a product that falls under the AMCA scope.
AMCA publications and standards are developed when sufficient interest has been expressed by AMCA members. Publication and standard writing committees are composed of volunteers, which include bot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Robert Guillaumont began his research in 1959 on the chemistry of protactinium in solution. He showed that the electronic filling of the 5f underlay begins for this element. The UV absorption spectrum of Pa is typical of a 5f6d transition (Pa atom: 5f6d7s). Together with his collaborators, he extended his methodology f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Over the time, methods for supramolecular polymerization has expanded, and the range of its useable monomers has diversified. In addition to plethora of molecular motifs, biomolecules such as DNA, DNA nanostructures and proteins as well as inorganic objects as unconventional monomers has recently been investigated for ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Let the unperturbed atom or molecule be in a g-fold degenerate state with orthonormal zeroth-order state functions . (Non-degeneracy is the special case g = 1). According to perturbation theory the first-order energies are the eigenvalues of the g × g matrix with general element
If g = 1 (as is often the case for ele... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cement industry uses the LOI method by heating a cement sample to 900-1000 °C until the mass of the sample stabilizes. Once the mass stabilizes, the mass loss due to LOI is determined. This is usually done to assess the high water content in the cement or carbonation, as these factors diminish the quality of cement... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ultracold atoms have a variety of applications owing to their unique quantum properties and the great experimental control available in such systems. For instance, ultracold atoms have been proposed as a platform for quantum computation and quantum simulation, accompanied by very active experimental research to achieve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Upon hearing her husbands friend talking about a secret project at the University of Chicago that hired scientists, she applied and was hired in the Biology Division of the Metallurgical Laboratory. Lathrop, who previously avoided work that involved animal experimentation, was now studying the uptake, retention, distr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The major difference between RNA and DNA is the presence of a hydroxyl group at the 2-position of the ribose sugar in RNA (illustration, right). This group makes the molecule less stable because, when not constrained in a double helix, the 2 hydroxyl can chemically attack the adjacent phosphodiester bond to cleave the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the British Isles there are only a few Hoffmann kilns remaining, some of which have been preserved.
The only ones with a chimney are at Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum and Llanymynech Heritage Area. The site at Llanymynech, close to Oswestry was used for lime-burning and has recently been partially restored... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One proprietary material for ISCR is the EHC technology created by Adventus. This particular product is actually a mixture of carbon, nutrients, and zero-valent iron. The theory behind this product is that the carbon in the mixture will promote bacterial growth in the subsurface. The growing bacteria consume oxygen, wh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dicyanopolyynes are composed of a chain of carbon atoms with alternating single and triple bonds, terminated by nitrogen atoms. Although not a polyyne dicyanoacetylene () otherwise fits within this series.
* or , (dicyanodiacetylene)
* or , dicyanohexatriyne
* or
* or
* or
* or
* or
* or
* or | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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