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Reversible-deactivation polymerization is defined as a chain polymerization propagated by chain carriers that are deactivated reversibly, bringing them into one or more active-dormant equilibria. An example of a reversible-deactivation polymerization is group-transfer polymerization. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
6-Hydroxymelatonin (6-OHM) is a naturally occurring, endogenous, major active metabolite of melatonin. Similar to melatonin, 6-OHM is a full agonist of the MT and MT receptors. It is also an antioxidant and neuroprotective, and is even more potent in this regard relative to melatonin. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The pair of trigonometric functions can be thought of as parametrizing the unit circle. The stereographic projection gives an alternative parametrization of the unit circle:
Under this reparametrization, the length element of the unit circle goes over to
This substitution can sometimes simplify integrals involving t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1946, Leo Sommer and Frank C. Whitmore reported that radically chlorinating liquid ethyltrichlorosilane gave an isomeric mixture with exhibited unexpected reactivity in aqueous base. All chlorides pendant to silicon hydrolyze, but the geminal chlorine on carbon failed to hydrolyze, and the vicinal chlorine eliminat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Once inside the mitochondria, each cycle of β-oxidation, liberating a two carbon unit (acetyl-CoA), occurs in a sequence of four reactions:
This process continues until the entire chain is cleaved into acetyl CoA units. The final cycle produces two separate acetyl CoAs, instead of one acyl CoA and one acetyl CoA. For ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Public Affairs Office works with the PAAC to advocate for increased research budgets for the major governmental funding agencies, primarily the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. ASBMB has developed a set of recommendations for pre-medical course requirements consistent with the new ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In polymer chemistry, systems have been described based on addition polymerization with 1,4-benzenedithiol and 1,4-diethynylbenzene, in the synthesis of other addition polymer systems in the synthesis of dendrimers, in star polymers, in graft polymerization, block copolymers, and in polymer networks. Another reported a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In its main applications, dithionite is generally prepared in situ by reduction of sulfur dioxide by sodium borohydride, described by the following idealized equation:.
Dithionite is a reducing agent. At pH 7, the potential is −0.66 V vs NHE. Redox occurs with formation of sulfite:
: + 2 HO → 2 + 2 e + 2 H
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The United Nations framework for Sustainable Development Goals recognizes the damaging effects of eutrophication for marine environments. It has established a timeline for creating an Index of Coastal Eutrophication and Floating Plastic Debris Density (ICEP) within Sustainable Development Goal 14 (life below water). SD... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first known IPN was a combination of phenol-formaldehyde resin with vulcanized natural rubber made by Jonas Aylsworth in 1914. However, this was before Staudinger's hypothesis on macromolecules and thus the terms "polymer" or "IPN" were not yet used. The first usage of the term "interpenetrating polymer networks" w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Deuterated (i.e. where all or some hydrogen atoms are replaced with deuterium) compounds are often used as internal standards in mass spectrometry. Like other isotopically labeled species, such standards improve accuracy, while often at a much lower cost than other isotopically labeled standards. Deuterated molecules a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the Semail Nappe of Oman in the United Arb Emirates, silicified serpentinite was found. The occurrence of such geological features is rather unusual. It is a pseudomorphic alteration where the protolith of serpentinite was already silicified. Due to tectonic events, basal serpentinite was fractured and groundwater p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Other hypothetical gene therapies could include changes to physical appearance, metabolism, mental faculties such as memory and intelligence, and well-being (by increasing resistance to depression or relieving chronic pain, for example). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfonate is a salt, anion or ester of a sulfonic acid. Its formula is , containing the functional group , where R is typically an organyl group, amino group or a halogen atom. Sulfonates are the conjugate bases of sulfonic acids. Sulfonates are generally stable in water, non-oxidizing, and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
conversion of carbon dioxide| into gaseous hydrocarbons. The proposed reaction mechanisms involve the creation of a highly reactive carbon radical from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide which then reacts with photogenerated protons to ultimately form methane. Efficiencies of -based photocatalysts are low, although na... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 1d version of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation is
An alternate form is
obtained by differentiating with respect to and substituting . This is the form used in fluid dynamics applications.
The Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation can also be generalized to higher dimensions. In spatially periodic domains, one possibility... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plastics are used extensively in the manufacture of electrical items, such as circuit boards and electrical cables. These applications can be harsh, exposing the plastic to a mixture of thermal, chemical and electrochemical attack. Many electric items like transformers, microprocessors or high-voltage cables operate at... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
X-ray radiography is similar to gamma-ray radiography but instead of using a radioactive source, it uses a high-energy bremsstrahlung spectrum with energy in the 5–10 MeV range created by a linear particle accelerator (LINAC). Such X-ray systems can penetrate up to 30–40 cm of steel in vehicles moving with velocities u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "thermal diode" can refer to:
* a (possibly non-electrical) device which allows heat to flow preferentially in one direction;
* an electrical (semiconductor) diode in reference to a thermal effect or function;
* or it may describe both situations, where an electrical diode is used as a heat pump or thermoelect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dexpramipexole was originally identified as a candidate therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease by James Bennett, M.D., Ph.D., then of the University of Virginia.
The drug was initially investigated in ALS by Knopp Biosciences and Biogen Idec. A 2010 Phase II clinical trial s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Evolutionary simulations are performed by reproduction-mutation-selection life cycle. Populations are fixed at size and they will not go extinct. Non-overlapping generations are employed. In a typical evolutionary simulation, a single random viable individual that can produce a stable gene expression pattern is chosen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
European imperial expansion and exploration into Africa overlapped with the rise of the European pharmaceutical industry towards the end of the nineteenth century. British troops were the target of arrows poisoned with the extracts of various Strophanthus species. They were familiar with the deadly properties of these ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The temperature jump method is a technique used in chemical kinetics for the measurement of very rapid reaction rates. It is one of a class of chemical relaxation methods pioneered by the German physical chemist Manfred Eigen in the 1950s. In these methods, a reacting system initially at equilibrium is perturbed rapidl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
β-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as 3-hydroxybutyric acid or BHB, is an organic compound and a beta hydroxy acid with the chemical formula CHCH(OH)CHCOH; its conjugate base is β-hydroxybutyrate, also known as 3-hydroxybutyrate. β-Hydroxybutyric acid is a chiral compound with two enantiomers: -β-hydroxybutyric acid and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A growing trend in the world of elemental analysis has revolved around the speciation, or determination of oxidation state of certain metals such as chromium and arsenic. The toxicity of those elements varies with the oxidation state, so new regulations from food authorities requires speciation of some elements. One of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With improvements in measuring techniques such as atomic force microscopy, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscope, researchers were able to produce and image droplets at ever smaller scales. With the reduction in droplet size came new experimental observations of wetting. These observations confirmed tha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chromatography, the retardation factor, R, is the fraction of the sample in the mobile phase at equilibrium, defined as: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Capacitance probe, or fringe capacitance sensor. Capacitance probes use capacitance to measure the dielectric permittivity of the soil. The volume of water in the total volume of soil most heavily influences the dielectric permittivity of the soil because the dielectric constant of water (80) is much greater than th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are carbon nanoparticles which can vary from ~4-100 nm in diameter. NDs are typically formed in two ways: from micron-sized diamond particles under high-pressure high-temperature conditions, called high-pressure high-temperature nanodiamonds (HPHT NDs) and by shock-wave compression, called detonation... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
*Chemical Abstracts
*Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology
*Inspec
*Materials Science Citation Index
*Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 7.205. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some authors refer to the grand potential as the Landau free energy or Landau potential and write its definition as:
named after Russian physicist Lev Landau, which may be a synonym for the grand potential, depending on system stipulations. For homogeneous systems, one obtains . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Depletion gilding is a decorative process, with no significant industrial applications. It is not widely used in modern times, having been superseded by processes more suited to mass production, such as electroplating. Some individual artisans and small shops continue to practice it.
However, depletion gilding was wide... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are 20 naturally occurring amino acids, however some of these share similar characteristics. For example, leucine and isoleucine are both aliphatic, branched hydrophobes. Similarly, aspartic acid and glutamic acid are both small, negatively charged residues.
Although there are many ways to classify amino acids, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As of August 2008, Cancer Care Ontario reports that the current average incremental cost to perform a PET scan in the province is CA$1,000–1,200 per scan. This includes the cost of the radiopharmaceutical and a stipend for the physician reading the scan.
In the United States, a PET scan is estimated to be US$5,000, and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metal nitrosyls, compounds featuring NO ligands, are numerous. In contrast to metal carbonyls, however, homoleptic metal nitrosyls are rare. NO is a stronger π-acceptor than CO. Well known nitrosyl carbonyls include CoNO(CO) and Fe(NO)(CO), which are analogues of Ni(CO). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cellular models are instrumental in dissecting a complex pathological process into simpler molecular events. Parkinson's disease (PD) is multifactorial and clinically heterogeneous; the aetiology of the sporadic (and most common) form is still unclear and only a few molecular mechanisms have been clarified so far in th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Modern drill pipe is made from the welding of at least three separate pieces: box tool joint, pin tool joint, and the tube. The green tubes are received by the drill pipe manufacturer from the steel mill. The ends of the tubes are then upset to increase the cross-sectional area of the ends. The tube end may be external... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wootz steel originated in the mid-1st millennium BC in India, in present-day Tiruchirappalli, Kodumanal, Erode, Tamil Nadu. There are several ancient Tamil, North Indian, Greek, Chinese and Roman literary references to high-carbon Tamil steel. In later times, wootz steel was also made in Golconda in Telangana, Karnata... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to preliminary findings of a novel method of SGLT-2 inhibition, the antisense oligonucleotide ISIS 388626 improved plasma glucose in rodents and dogs by reducing mRNA expression in the proximal renal tubules by up to 80% when given once a week. It did not affect SGLT-1. A study results on long-term use of ISI... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Advanced process control systems for process miniaturization will increase the need for controlling the security and ownership of process intelligence in a knowledge-based business. It will become more difficult to control intellectual property through the traditional method of patents; therefore, trademarks, brand re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the first in vitro tests for aspirin was through the Trinder reaction. Aqueous ferric chloride was added to a urine sample, and the formation of the iron complex turned the solution purple. This test was not specific to acetylsalicylic acid but would occur in the presence of any phenol or enol. The downfall of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Macrocyclic molecules such as cyclodextrins act often as the second coordination sphere for metal complexes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chemical composition of meteorites can be analyzed quite accurately using EPMA. This can reveal much about the conditions that existed in the early Solar System. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Native gels are run in non-denaturing conditions so that the analytes natural or bioactive structure is maintained. This allows the physical size of the folded or assembled complex to affect the mobility, allowing for analysis of all four levels of the biomolecular structure. For biological samples, detergents are us... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cosmids are predominantly plasmids with a bacterial oriV, an antibiotic selection marker and a cloning site, but they carry one, or more recently two, cos sites derived from bacteriophage lambda. Depending on the particular aim of the experiment, broad host range cosmids, shuttle cosmids or mammalian cosmids (linked to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The only approved indication for oral vancomycin therapy is in the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis, where it must be given orally to reach the site of infection in the colon. Following oral administration, the fecal concentration of vancomycin is around 500 µg/mL (sensitive strains of Clostridium difficile have a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A metamorphic reaction is a chemical reaction that takes place during the geological process of metamorphism wherein one assemblage of minerals is transformed into a second assemblage which is stable under the new temperature/pressure conditions resulting in the final stable state of the observed metamorphic rock.
Exam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The genus Ancyronyx was established in 1847 by the German entomologist Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson based on the type species Macronychus variegatus first described in 1824 by the German coleopterologist Ernst Friedrich Germar. It was regarded as a monotypic species until the French entomologist Antoine Henri Grouvelle d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Isomerization of epoxides to allylic alcohols under strongly basic conditions proceeds by a β-elimination process. A model has been advanced that invokes an initial complex between the lithium amide base and epoxide. Concerted C–O bond cleavage and deprotonation proceeds via a syn transition state to give an allylic al... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This basic concept is more correctly known as an aspirating skimmer, since some skimmer designs using an aspirator do not use a "Pin-Wheel"/"Adrian-Wheel" or "Needle-Wheel". "Pin-Wheel"/"Adrian-Wheel" describes the look of an impeller that consists of a disk with pins mounted perpendicular (90°) to the disc and paralle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bioreactor landfills are a relatively new technology. For the newly developed bioreactor landfills initial monitoring costs are higher to ensure that everything important is discovered and properly controlled. This includes gases, odours and seepage of leachate into the ground surface.
The increased moisture content of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Carson Jeffries, "Dynamic Nuclear Orientation", New York, Interscience Publishers, 1963
* Anatole Abragam and Maurice Goldman, "Nuclear Magnetism: Order and Disorder", New York : Oxford University Press, 1982
* Tom Wenckebach, [http://www.wenckebach.net/html/dnp-book.html "Essentials of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization"]... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acylals in organic chemistry are a group of chemical compounds sharing a functional group with the general structure RCH(OOCR). Acylals are obtained by reaction of carbonyls with acetic anhydride or other acid anhydrides and a suitable catalyst, for instance with sulfated zirconia at low temperatures when used as prote... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
David Michael Patrick Mingos, FRS (born 6 August 1944) is a British chemist and academic. He was Principal of St Edmund Hall, Oxford from 1999 to 2009, and Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Oxford. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prepared samples are combusted from 1000 up to 1200 degrees C in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. All carbon present converts to carbon dioxide, flows through scrubber tubes to remove interferences such as chlorine gas, and water vapor, and the carbon dioxide is measured either by absorption into a strong base then weighed, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
UDP-Galactose is especially relevant in glycolysis. It is derived from galactose an epimer of glucose, and via the Leloir Pathway, it is used be used as a precursor for the metabolism of glucose into pyruvate. When lactose is hydrolyzed, D-Galactose enters the liver via the bloodstream. There, galactokinase phosphoryla... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In physics, deflection is a change in a moving object's velocity, hence its trajectory, as a consequence of contact (collision) with a surface or the influence of a non-contact force field. Examples of the former include a ball bouncing off the ground or a bat; examples of the latter include a beam of electrons used to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the Late Bronze Age, the site became an administrative center of a larger region in the kingdom of Isuwa. The city was heavily fortified, probably due to the Hittite threat from the west. It was culturally influenced by the Hurrians, Mitanni and the Hittites.
Around 1350 BC, Šuppiluliuma I of the Hittites conquered ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Endomycetales (yeasts): Candida albicans, Candida cylindracea, Candida melibiosica, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida rugosa. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NADK is highly regulated by the redox state of the cell. Whereas NAD is predominantly found in its oxidized state NAD, the phosphorylated NADP is largely present in its reduced form, as NADPH. Thus, NADK can modulate responses to oxidative stress by controlling NADP synthesis. Bacterial NADK is shown to be inhibited al... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It was founded in 1910 as the Aluminium Plant & Vessel Company Limited, fabricating equipment for breweries and vegetable oil in Wandsworth. In the 1950s it moved to Crawley and expanded considerably, under the name A.P.V. Co. Ltd. In 1967 it acquired Kestner Evaporator and Engineering Co, another major process plant... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mean age of all the particles inside the control volume at time t is the first moment of the age distribution:
The mean residence time or mean transit time, that is the mean age of all the particles leaving the control volume at time t, is the first moment of the residence time distribution:
The mean age and the me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
where = number of electrons produced, = number of photons absorbed.
Assuming each photon absorbed in the depletion layer produces a viable electron-hole pair, and all other photons do not,
where t is the measurement time (in seconds),
= incident optical power in watts,
= optical power absorbed in depletion layer,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Iron was never smelted by Native Americans, thus the New World never entered a proper "Iron Age" before European discovery, and the term is not used of the Americas. But there was limited use of native (unsmelted) iron ore, from magnetite, iron pyrite and ilmenite (iron–titanium), especially in the Andes (Chavin and Mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Iatrochemical principles form a major part of the Indian alchemical tradition (Sanskrit rasaśāstra, रसशास्त्र). Alchemical texts start to be composed in Sanskrit in South Asia from the end of the first millennium CE, and a flourishing literature developed and continued even into the twentieth century. These works conta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is not possible to directly measure the wind stress on the ocean surface. To obtain measurements of the wind stress, another easily measurable quantity like wind speed is measured and then via a parametrization the wind stress observations are obtained. Still, measurements of the wind stress are important as the val... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The development of methods to detect and identify biomolecules has been motivated by the ability to improve the study of molecular structure and interactions. Before the advent of fluorescent labeling, radioisotopes were used to detect and identify molecular compounds. Since then, safer methods have been developed th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
GPCRs are involved in a wide variety of physiological processes. Some examples of their physiological roles include:
# The visual sense: The opsins use a photoisomerization reaction to translate electromagnetic radiation into cellular signals. Rhodopsin, for example, uses the conversion of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The original carbon isotope reference material was a Belemnite fossil from the PeeDee Formation in South Carolina, known as the Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB). This PDB standard was rapidly consumed and subsequently researchers used replacement standards such as PDB II and PDB III. The carbon isotope reference frame was later... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pregnanediol glucuronide, or 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol 3α-glucuronide, is the major metabolite of progesterone and the C3α glucuronide conjugate of pregnanediol (5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol). Approximately 15 to 30% of a parenteral dose of progesterone is metabolized into pregnanediol glucuronide. While this specific isomer ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another branch in targeted therapy is the increasing use of monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Although monoclonal antibodies (immune proteins which can be selected to precisely bind to almost any target) have been around for decades, they were derived from mice and did not function particularly well when adminis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermocouples can generally be used in the testing of prototype electrical and mechanical apparatus. For example, switchgear under test for its current carrying capacity may have thermocouples installed and monitored during a heat run test, to confirm that the temperature rise at rated current does not exceed designed ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Like LTR retrotransposons, non-LTR retrotransposons contain genes for reverse transcriptase, RNA-binding protein, nuclease, and sometimes ribonuclease H domain but they lack the long terminal repeats. RNA-binding proteins bind the RNA-transposition intermediate and nucleases are enzymes that break phosphodiester bond... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Before the advent of SPPS, solution methods for chemical peptide synthesis relied on tert-butyloxycarbonyl (abbreviated Boc) as a temporary N-terminal α-amino protecting group. The Boc group is removed with acid, such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). This forms a positively charged amino group in the presence of excess T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Keesom forces, also known as dipole–dipole interactions, result from two molecules that have permanent dipoles due to electronegativity differences between atoms in the molecule. This dipole causes a coulombic attraction between the two molecules. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The lipid pump sequesters carbon from the ocean's surface to deeper waters via lipids associated with overwintering vertically migratory zooplankton. Lipids are a class of hydrocarbon rich, nitrogen and phosphorus deficient compounds essential for cellular structures. This lipid carbon enters the deep ocean as carbon d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gas Engine Row has many large stationary gas engines from the early 1900s. On the row is an operational Fairbanks-Morse mine hoist winding engine, a pumphouse powered by a Fairbanks-Morse engine, a horsepower 1922 Fairbanks-Morse type YV engine connected to a large alternator, an enormous 1914 Chicago-Pneumatic hot-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
High power mercury vapor black light lamps are made in power ratings of 100 to 1,000 watts. These do not use phosphors, but rely on the intensified and slightly broadened 350–375 nm spectral line of mercury from high pressure discharge at between , depending upon the specific type. These lamps use envelopes of Wo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, an acyl cyanide is a functional group with the formula and structure . It consists of an acyl group () attached to cyanide (). Examples include acetyl cyanide, formyl cyanide, and oxalyl dicyanide. Acyl cyanides are reagents in organic synthesis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The E2 subunit, or dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase, for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is generally composed of three domains. The N-terminal domain (the lipoyl domain), consists of 1–3 lipoyl groups of approximately 80 amino acids each. The peripheral subunit binding domain (PSBD), serves as a selective binding site... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
No federal legislation lays out protocols or restrictions about human genetic engineering. This subject is governed by overlapping regulations from local and federal agencies, including the Department of Health and Human Services, the FDA and NIH's Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee. Researchers seeking federal funds f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the term acetylenic designates
*A doubly unsaturated position (sp-hybridized) on a molecular framework, for instance in an alkyne such as acetylene;
*An ethynyl fragment, HCC–, or substituted homologue. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Clay minerals can be classified as 1:1 or 2:1. A 1:1 clay would consist of one tetrahedral sheet and one octahedral sheet, and examples would be kaolinite and serpentinite. A 2:1 clay consists of an octahedral sheet sandwiched between two tetrahedral sheets, and examples are talc, vermiculite, and montmorillonite. The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The location of FAM227B, 15q21.2, was found to be associated with oral cancer. The 15q21.2 locus is mentioned in other literature as well. FGF7 is a neighbour of FAM227B in the 15q21.2 locus (rs10519227), and encodes for the fibroblast growth factor, which is involved in processes such as embryonic development, cell g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using the Reynolds-Colburn analogy for turbulent flow with a thermal log and viscous sub layer model, the following correlation for turbulent heat transfer for is applicable
where | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Froude number is used to compare the wave making resistance between bodies of various sizes and shapes.
In free-surface flow, the nature of the flow (supercritical or subcritical) depends upon whether the Froude number is greater than or less than unity.
One can easily see the line of "critical" flow in a kitchen o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Greenhouse gases are infrared active, meaning that they absorb and emit infrared radiation in the same long wavelength range as what is emitted by the Earth's surface, clouds and atmosphere.
99% of the Earths dry atmosphere (excluding water vapor) is made up of nitrogen () (78%) and oxygen () (21%). Because their molec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Similar N-glycan biosynthesis pathway have been found in prokaryotes and Archaea. However, compared to eukaryotes, the final glycan structure in eubacteria and archaea does not seem to differ much from the initial precursor made in the endoplasmic reticulum. In eukaryotes, the original precursor oligosaccharide is exte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plastoquinone is found within photosystem II in two specific binding sites, known as Q and Q. The plastoquinone at Q, the primary binding site, is very tightly bound, compared to the plastoquinone at Q, the secondary binding site, which is much more easily removed. Q is only transferred a single electron, so it has to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bengt Nordén graduated 1967 with a Master of Science degree in chemistry, theoretical physics and mathematics from Lund University and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1971 from Lund University where he became Associate Professor of Inorganic Chemistry in 1972. In 1979 he was appointed to the Chair Professorship of Physical Ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the study of abstract polytopes, a chiral polytope is that it is a polytope that is as symmetric as possible without being mirror-symmetric, formalized in terms of the action of the symmetry group of the polytope on its flags. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CO at high pressures has antimicrobial properties. While its effectiveness has been shown for various applications, the mechanisms of inactivation have not been fully understood although they have been investigated for more than 60 years. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He helped start MITs chemical engineering curriculum in the late 1880s. In 1887, he was appointed by the newly formed Massachusetts Board of Health to a landmark study of sanitary quality of the states inland waters. As consulting chemist to the Massachusetts State Board of Health, he was in charge of the famous Lawren... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Researchers at Bristol-Myers Squibb found that increased steric bulk of the N-terminal amino acid side-chain led to increased stability. To additionally increase stability the trans-rotamer was stabilized with a cis-4,5-methano substitution of the pyrrolidine ring, resulting in an intramolecular van-der-Waals interacti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The great majority of photogeochemical research is performed in the laboratory, as it is easier to demonstrate and observe a particular reaction under controlled conditions. This includes confirming the identity of materials, designing reaction vessels, controlling light sources, and adjusting the reaction atmosphere. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Golden Gate Cloning principle can also be applied to perform mutagenesis termed Golden Mutagenesis. The technology is easy to implement as a web tool is available for primer design (https://msbi.ipb-halle.de/GoldenMutagenesisWeb/) and the vectors are deposited at addgene (http://www.addgene.org/browse/article/28196... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Meta-selective C–H functionalization refers to the regioselective reaction of a substituted aromatic ring on the C–H bond meta to the substituent.
Substituted aromatic ring is an important type of substructure in pharmaceuticals and industrial compounds. Thus, synthetic methods towards substituted aromatic rings are al... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, it is sometimes more appropriate to work in terms of kinematic viscosity (sometimes also called the momentum diffusivity), defined as the ratio of the dynamic viscosity () over the density of the fluid (). It is usually denoted by the Greek letter nu ():
and has the dimensions , therefore resulting i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The innate immune system has evolved to protect against infection by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and triggering a complex set of responses collectively known as "inflammation". Many cells express specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for exogenous RNA including toll-like receptor ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The simplest type of glow discharge is a direct-current glow discharge. In its simplest form, it consists of two electrodes in a cell held at low pressure (0.1–10 torr; about 1/10000th to 1/100th of atmospheric pressure). A low pressure is used to increase the mean free path; for a fixed electric field, a longer mean f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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