text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
Below is the sequence of events that are followed in phage display screening to identify polypeptides that bind with high affinity to desired target protein or DNA sequence:
# Target proteins or DNA sequences are immobilized to the wells of a microtiter plate.
# Many genetic sequences are expressed in a bacteriophage l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Niobium–tin is an intermetallic compound of niobium (Nb) and tin (Sn), used industrially as a type-II superconductor. This intermetallic compound has a simple structure: A3B. It is more expensive than niobium–titanium (NbTi), but remains superconducting up to a magnetic flux density of , compared to a limit of roughly ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For a gas parcel, the density will only remain fixed as assumed in the previous derivation if the pressure, , is constant with height, which is not true in an atmosphere confined by gravity. Instead, the parcel will expand adiabatically as the pressure declines. Therefore a more general formulation used in meteorology ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A cumulative or overall constant, given the symbol β, is the constant for the formation of a complex from reagents. For example, the cumulative constant for the formation of ML is given by
:M + 2 L ML; [ML] = β[M][L]
The stepwise constant, K, for the formation of the same complex from ML and L is given by
:ML + L ML... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biota are organisms that, along with organic matter, help comprise the biological system of the soil. The vast majority of biological activity takes place near the soil surface, usually in the A horizon of a soil profile. Biota rely on inputs of organic matter in order to sustain themselves and increase population size... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In regards to electrochemical reactions, two main types of reactions can be visualized using the Frost diagram. Comproportionation is when two equivalents of an element, differing in oxidation number, combine to form a product with an intermediate oxidation number. Disproportionation is the opposite reaction, in which ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A vortex sheet is a term used in fluid mechanics for a surface across which there is a discontinuity in fluid velocity, such as in slippage of one layer of fluid over another. While the tangential components of the flow velocity are discontinuous across the vortex sheet, the normal component of the flow velocity is con... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This reactivity is exploited in the regiospecific preparation of many di- and tri-substituted aromatic compounds. The approach exploits the meta-directing effect of the sulfonic acid group. 2-Chlorotoluene for example can be prepared by chlorination of p-toluenesulfonic acid, followed by hydrolysis. The method is also... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry and biochemistry, a side chain is a chemical group that is attached to a core part of the molecule called the "main chain" or backbone. The side chain is a hydrocarbon branching element of a molecule that is attached to a larger hydrocarbon backbone. It is one factor in determining a molecule's pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Removal of a proton from an aliphatic –OH group is difficult to achieve in aqueous solution because the energy required for this process is rather large. Thus, ionization of aliphatic –OH groups occurs in aqueous solution only in special circumstances. One such circumstance is found with compounds containing the HN–C–C... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Société de Chimie Industrielle (American Section) is now an independent organization. It was granted tax status as a 501(c)(3), a registered nonprofit organization as of 1952. The American Section is directed by a board of officers including a president. , the president of the Société de Chimie Industrielle (Ameri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is not always possible to eliminate ion suppression by sample preparation and/or chromatographic resolution. In such cases it may be possible to compensate for the effects of ion suppression on accuracy and precision (although not for analytical sensitivity) by adopting complex calibration strategies. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EmBiology Data sources include:
* 7.2 million PubMed abstracts
* 430,000 from Clinicaltrials.gov
* 7.2 million Full-text articles from 936 Elsevier journals and 939 non-Elsevier journals | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lanthanum acetate is used in specialty glass manufacturing and in water treatment.
Also, it is used to produce porous lanthanum oxyfluoride (LaOF) films.
It is also used as a component in the production of ceramic products and as a catalyst in the pharmaceutical industry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The effective overall energy unit for the available body energy is referred to as the daily glycogen generation capacity, and is used to compare the mitochondrial output of affected or chronically glycogen-depleted individuals to healthy individuals. This value is slow to change in a given individual, as it takes betwe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The fitting method used in Rietveld refinement is the non-linear least squares approach. A detailed derivation of non-linear least squares fitting will not be given here. Further detail can be found in Chapter 6 of Pecharsky and Zavalij's text 12 . There are a few things to note however. First, non-linear least squares... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Accidentally consuming small quantities of clean seawater is not harmful, especially if the seawater is taken along with a larger quantity of fresh water. However, drinking seawater to maintain hydration is counterproductive; more water must be excreted to eliminate the salt (via urine) than the amount of water obtaine... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Normative mineralogy is an estimate of the mineralogy of the rock. It usually differs from the visually observable mineralogy, at least as much as the types of mineral species, especially amongst the ferromagnesian minerals and feldspars, where it is possible to have many solid solution series of minerals, or minerals ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MsO may be prepared by the dehydration of methanesulfonic acid with phosphorus pentoxide.
:PO + 6 CHSOH → 3 (CHSO)O + 2 HPO
MsO can be purified by distillation under vacuum (distillation of a solid) or by recrystallization from Methyl tert-butyl ether/toluene. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This enzyme is a part of a family of enzymes called glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31). This is due to the digestive mechanism of the enzyme. GH31 enzymes undergo what is known as the Koshland double displacement mechanism in which a glycosylation and deglycosylation step occurs, resulting in the retention of the ove... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mammalian-wide interspersed repeats (MIRs) are transposable elements in the genomes of some organisms and belong to the group of Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* In 2021 Kubista's organization, TATAA was on Sweden Technology Fast 50 list
* In 2019, Global Health & Pharma recognized and awarded TATAA as the "Best Nucleic Acid Analysis Service Provider – Europe."
* In 2013 TATAA Biocenter was honored with the Frost & Sullivan Award for Customer Value Leadership for their outsta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Adsorbable organic halides (AOX) is a measure of the organic halogen load at a sampling site such as soil from a land fill, water, or sewage waste. The procedure measures chlorine, bromine, and iodine as equivalent halogens, but does not measure fluorine levels in the sample. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dexamethasone (DEX) is a glucocorticoid that is used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent. PLGA nanoparticles loaded with DEX via oil-in-water emulsion/solvent evaporation method can be embedded in alginate hydrogel matrices. To quantify the amount of DEX that was successfully seeding into the nanopartic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Buchner-Curtius-Schlotterbeck reaction yields ketones from aldehydes and aliphatic diazo compounds:
The reaction type is nucleophilic addition. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fritz Johann Hansgirg (18911949) was an Austrian electrochemist and metallurgist who in 1928 invented a carbothermic magnesium reduction process. In 1934, he left Austria for the Empire of Japan where he worked with industrialist Shitagau Noguchi to set up a magnesium plant, and then helped build a pilot plant to produ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Early African miners used copper oxides and carbonates rather than sulfides, because they were able to reduce oxides and carbonates to copper metal, but not sulfides. Sulfides were more complex to reduce to metal and required multiple stages. Complex deep-mining methods and special tools were not needed, because oxides... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the U.S., has suffered from repeated large algal blooms for decades due to chemical runoff from multiple sources, including 9 large rivers and 141 smaller streams and creeks in parts of six states. In addition, the water is quite shallow and only 1% of the waste entering it ge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1982, Martha C. Rose Chemical Inc. began processing and disposing of materials contaminated with PCBs in Holden, Missouri, a small rural community about east of Kansas City. From 1982 until 1986, nearly 750 companies, including General Motors Corp., Commonwealth Edison, Illinois Power Co. and West Texas Utilities, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A cloud chamber, also known as a Wilson cloud chamber, is a particle detector used for visualizing the passage of ionizing radiation.
A cloud chamber consists of a sealed environment containing a supersaturated vapor of water or alcohol. An energetic charged particle (for example, an alpha or beta particle) interacts w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Multicomponent reactions have been known for over 150 years. The first documented multicomponent reaction was the Strecker synthesis of α-amino cyanides in 1850 from which α-amino acids could be derived. A multitude of MCRs exist today, of which the isocyanide based MCRs are the most documented. Other MCRs include free... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The α-aminoadipate pathway is a biochemical pathway for the synthesis of the amino acid -lysine. In the eukaryotes, this pathway is unique to several species of yeast, higher fungi (containing chitin in their cell walls), and the euglenids. It has also been reported from bacteria of the genus Thermus and also in Pyroco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glutaminolysis (glutamine + -lysis) is a series of biochemical reactions by which the amino acid glutamine is lysed to glutamate, aspartate, CO, pyruvate, lactate, alanine and citrate. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1958, Frederick C. Frank and John S. Kasper, in their original work investigating many complex alloy structures, showed that non-icosahedral environments form an open-end network which they called the major skeleton, and is now identified as the declination locus. They came up with the methodology to pack asymmetric... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol, or (3β)-cholest-5-ene-3,20,22-triol is an endogenous, metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones from cholesterol. Cholesterol ((3β)-cholest-5-en-3-ol) is hydroxylated by cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) to form 22R-hydroxycholesterol, which is subse... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pd-NHC complexes used in Sonogashira cross-coupling effect temperature stability in the complex. As in other Pd-NHC mediated cross-coupling reactions, the use of Pd-NHC complexes also allow higher turnover numbers than their NHC-free counterparts. NHC-palladacycles permit copper-free Sonogashira reactions to be carried... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The basic idea of quantum typicality is that the vast majority of all pure states featuring a common expectation value of some generic observable at a given time will yield very similar expectation values of the same observable at any later time.
This is meant to apply to Schrödinger type dynamics in high dimensional ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl Was one of the leading landscape architecture practices of Germany specialising in the integration of art, urban hydrology, environmental engineering, and landscape architecture within an urban context.
The practise was founded in 1980 by the German landscape architect Herbert Dreiseitl with a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gilbert N. Lewis was the first to discover that heavy water inhibits (retards) seed growth (1933). His experiments with tobacco seeds showed that cultivation of cells on heavy water dramatically accelerates the aging process and leads to lethal results. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polyethers are generally polymers containing ether linkages in their main chain. The term polyol generally refers to polyether polyols with one or more functional end-groups such as a hydroxyl group. The term "oxide" or other terms are used for high molar mass polymer when end-groups no longer affect polymer properties... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fatty acids, stored as triglycerides in an organism, are a concentrated source of energy because they contain little oxygen and are anhydrous. The energy yield from a gram of fatty acids is approximately 9 kcal (37 kJ), much higher than the 4 kcal (17 kJ) for carbohydrates. Since the hydrocarbon portion of fatty acids ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra (Sanskrit: वैशेषिक सूत्र), also called Kanada sutra, is an ancient Sanskrit text at the foundation of the Vaisheshika school of Hindu philosophy. The sutra was authored by the Hindu sage Kanada, also known as Kashyapa. According to some scholars, he flourished before the advent of Buddhism because the V... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Low molecular weight acyl chlorides are often lachrymators, and they react violently with water, alcohols, and amines. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polymer-Protein nanoparticles not only contain the traditional properties of nanoparticles, but also have their own unique properties based on the properties of specific proteins. Because they are proteinaceous, they have high biocompatibility, biodegradability and biofunctionality. Protein-polymer bioconjugates which... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the regulatory body covering worker safety. OSHA puts forth permissible exposure limit (PEL) 20 ppb for MDI and detailed technical guidance on exposure assessment.
The National Institutes of Health (NIOSH) is the agency responsible for providing the research a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Particle technology thus deals with:
*the behavior of solids in bulk, including soil mechanics, bulk material handling, silos, conveying, powder metallurgy, nanotechnology;
*size reduction including crushing and grinding;
*increasing size by flocculation, granulation, powder compaction, tableting, crystallization
*part... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While Gas Chromatography, HPLC, and Mass Spectrometry are all excellent techniques for distinguishing mixtures of compounds (and sometimes even enantiomers), the time resolution of these measurements is less precise than that of the techniques described above. Regardless, these techniques have still seen use, such as i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Testing and scientific certainty were desired at the end of the 1940s. To that end products meant to be used by humans were tested with model animals to speed trials. Eddy & McGregor 1949 and Wiesmann & Lotmar 1949 used mice, Wasicky et al. 1949 canaries and guinea pigs, Kasman et al. 1953 also guinea pigs, Starnes & G... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For large base-sizes, some of the cyclobutanes can be fused anti to each other, giving a non-convex polygon base. These are geometric isomers of the prismanes. Two isomers of [12]prismane that have been studied computationally are named helvetane and israelane, based on the star-like shapes of the rings that form their... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider a semi-ideal heat engine, in which heat transfer takes time, according to Fourier's law of heat conduction: , but other operations happen instantly.
Its maximal efficiency is the standard Carnot result, but it requires heat transfer to be reversible (quasistatic), thus taking infinite time. At maximum power ou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As illustrated to the right, tholins are thought to form in nature through a chain of chemical reactions known as pyrolysis and radiolysis. This begins with the dissociation and ionization of molecular nitrogen () and methane () by energetic particles and solar radiation. This is followed by the formation of ethylene, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In aquatic sediments, several reactions can transform the chemicals released by the creosote preservatives into more dangerous chemicals. Most creosote preservative compounds have hazards associated with them before they are transformed. Cresol (m-, p-, and o-), phenol, guaiacol, and xylenol (1,3,4- and 1,3,5-) all are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Durrant was educated at Gresham's School in Norfolk, the University of Cambridge and Imperial College London, where he was awarded a PhD in 1991 for research on photosystem II using spectroscopy supervised by George Porter and Jim Barber. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular physics, crystal field theory (CFT) describes the breaking of degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals, due to a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution (anion neighbors). This theory has been used to describe various spectroscopies of transition metal co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A licensed CIT is certified to work in a chemistry profession. Upon completing a certain amount of work experience under the supervision of a Licensed Professional Chemist (P.Chem.) as determined by a licensing board, a CIT is then eligible to gain experience by supervision from a P.Chem.
While being a certified CIT ma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Redox conditions are measured according to the redox potential (E) in volts, which represents the tendency for electrons to transfer from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. E can be calculated using half reactions and the Nernst equation. An E of zero represents the redox couple of the standard hydrogen electr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aerobic fermentation evolved independently in at least three yeast lineages (Saccharomyces, Dekkera, Schizosaccharomyces). It has also been observed in plant pollen, trypanosomatids, mutated E. coli, and tumor cells. Crabtree-positive yeasts will respire when grown with very low concentrations of glucose or when gro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* C. Michael Hogan, Leda C. Patmore and Harry Seidman (1973) Statistical Prediction of Dynamic Thermal Equilibrium Temperatures using Standard Meteorological Data Bases, Second Edition (EPA-660/2-73-003 2006) United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. [http://libr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most natural lipase inhibitors differ only in the structure of the side chains and the nature of the linked amino acids, but have the same β-lactone ring in (S)-configuration as a primary structure.
Besides the role of the β-lactone ring in structure-activity relationship, the nature of the functional groups (e.g. este... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The BBOC furnace is a cylindrical steel vessel with a protective internal lining of refractory bricks. It is mounted on a tilting frame that allows it to be held at different angles at different stages of its operating cycle (see Figure 2). A hood is fixed over the top of the furnace, providing a seal that prevents lea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (also known as Amplex Red), structurally related to resazurin, reacts with HO in a 1:1 stoichiometry to produce the same by-product resorufin (used in many assays combining for example horseradish peroxidase (HRP), or NADH, NADPH using enzymes).
7-ethoxyresorufin, a compound used as t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cut-and-paste transposition mechanism of class II TEs does not involve an RNA intermediate. The transpositions are catalyzed by several transposase enzymes. Some transposases non-specifically bind to any target site in DNA, whereas others bind to specific target sequences. The transposase makes a staggered cut at t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fuchter earned a master's degree (MSci) in chemistry at the University of Bristol, where he was awarded the Richard Dixon prize. It was during his undergraduate degree that he first became interested in organic synthesis. As a graduate student he moved to Imperial College London, where he worked with Anthony Barrett on... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nitrogen can be fixed by lightning converting nitrogen gas () and oxygen gas () in the atmosphere into (nitrogen oxides). The molecule is highly stable and nonreactive due to the triple bond between the nitrogen atoms. Lightning produces enough energy and heat to break this bond allowing nitrogen atoms to react with ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Orphan MTases are common in bacteria and archea CcrM is found in almost every group of Alphaproteobacteria, excepting in Rickettsiales and Magnetococcales, and homologs can be found in Campylobacterota and Gammaproteobacteria. Alphaproteobacteria are organisms with different life stages from free living to substrate as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last step within glycolysis, the dephosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, and is responsible for net ATP production within the glycolytic sequence. In contrast to mitochondrial respiration, energy regeneration by pyruvate kinase is independent from oxygen supply and allows sur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As is obvious from their origins, the above cancer chemotherapies are essentially poisons. Patients receiving these agents experienced severe side-effects that limited the doses which could be administered, and hence limited the beneficial effects. Clinical investigators realized that the ability to manage these toxici... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Light production in Photurius pennsylvanica (Photuris pennsylvanica) larvae occurs in the roughly 2,000 photocytes located in the heavily innervated light organ of the insect which is much simpler than that of the adult organism. The transparent photocytes of the larvae are clearly distinguishable from the opaque dorsa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* The French writer René Daumal intoxicated himself by inhalation of carbon tetrachloride which he used to kill the beetles he collected, to "encounter other worlds" by voluntarily plunging himself into intoxications close to comatose states.
* Carbon tetrachloride is listed (along with salicylic acid, toluene, sodium ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The theory of bimodal AFM operation encompasses several aspects. Among them, the approximations to express the Euler-Bernoulli equation of a continuous cantilever beam in terms of the equations of the excited modes, the type of interaction forces acting on the tip, the theory of demodulation methods or the introduction... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfur diimides are chemical compounds of the formula S(NR). Structurally, they are the diimine of sulfur dioxide. The parent member, S(NH), is of only theoretical interest. Other derivatives where R is an organic group are stable and useful reagents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are four principal protein targets with which drugs can interact:
* Enzymes (e.g. neostigmine and acetyl cholinesterase)
** Inhibitors
** Inducers
** Activators
* Membrane carriers [<nowiki/>Reuptake vs Efflux] (e.g. tricyclic antidepressants and catecholamine uptake-1)
** Enhancer (RE)
** Inhibitor (RI)
** Rel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The chemical character of azo violet may be attributed to its azo group (-N=N-), six-membered rings, and hydroxyl side groups. Due to steric repulsions, azo violet is most stable in the trans-configuration, but isomerization of azo dyes by irradiation is not uncommon. The para-position tautomerization of azo violet pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Soil bacteria and archaea account for approximately 5% of the natural methane sink. Early research is going into how the activity of these bacteria may be able to be enhanced, either through the use of soil amendments, or introduction of selected or engineered methane-oxidizing bacteria. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) is a technology for etching and surface modification to create porous layers with high reproducibility and for cleaning and surface engineering of plastics, rubbers and natural fibers as well as for replacing CFCs for cleaning metal components. This surface engineering can improve propertie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a low concentration (approximately 10%), nitric acid is often used to artificially age pine and maple. The color produced is a grey-gold very much like very old wax- or oil-finished wood (wood finishing). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aminomethanol or methanolamine is the amino alcohol with the chemical formula of HNCHOH. With an amino group and an alcohol group on the same carbon atom, the compound is also an hemiaminal.
In aqueous solution, methanolamine exists in equilibrium with formaldehyde and ammonia. It is an intermediate en route to hexam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Exposure of a positive resist to radiation changes the chemical structure such that it becomes a liquid or more soluble. These changes in chemical structure are often rooted in the cleavage of specific linkers in the polymer. Once irradiated, the "decomposed" polymers can be washed away using a developer solvent leavin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Halomethane compounds are derivatives of methane () with one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced with halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, or I). Halomethanes are both naturally occurring, especially in marine environments, and human-made, most notably as refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and fumigants. Many, including the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An ion channel can be characterized by its opening characteristics, ion selectivity, and control of flux (gating). Many synthetic ion channels show unique properties in one or more of these aspects. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This form of corrosion is usually caused by a combination of corrosion and cyclic stress. Measuring and controlling this is difficult because of the many factors at play including the nature or form of the stress cycle. The stress cycles cause localized work hardening. So avoiding stress concentrators such as holes etc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Collectin-10, also known as collectin liver 1, is a collectin protein that in humans is encoded by the COLEC10 gene. Its structure is similar to mannan-binding lectin (MBL).
Collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) show very similar carbohydrate selectivity as MBL. Two other discovered collectins include collectin placenta 1 (CL-P1) ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Serine-Histidine-Aspartate motif is one of the most thoroughly characterised catalytic motifs in biochemistry. The triad is exemplified by chymotrypsin, a model serine protease from the PA superfamily which uses its triad to hydrolyse protein backbones. The aspartate is hydrogen bonded to the histidine, increasing ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some food writers advise against using seasoned pans and Dutch ovens to cook foods containing tomatoes, vinegar, or other acidic ingredients because these foods would eventually remove the protective layer created during the seasoning process. Tests conducted by America's Test Kitchen found that, while cooking a highly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder in which a patient experiences symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, amotivation, social withdrawal, cognitive defects, and poor working memory. Heredity and gene inheritance is a highly important risk factor, especially for identical twins. Schizophrenia is anatomicall... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Viel is co-author of The Inner Life of the Cell, an 8.5-minute 3D computer graphics animation illustrating the molecular mechanisms that occur when a white blood cell in the blood vessels of the human body is activated by inflammation (Leukocyte extravasation). It shows how a white blood cell rolls along the inner surf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although covalent conjugation has been the dominant strategy for constructing polymer-protein hybrids, noncovalent chemistry can add another level of complexity and provides the opportunity to create higher-ordered structures. Specifically, self-assembly by non-covalent interactions is progressing rapidly. Supramolecul... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The advantage of NMR for end groups is that it allows for not only the identification of the end group units, but also allows for the quantification of the number-average length of the polymer. End-group analysis with NMR requires that the polymer be soluble in organic or aqueous solvents. Additionally, the signal on t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In April 2014, a team of scientists led by Anthony Atala reported that they had successfully transplanted laboratory-grown vaginas into four female teenaged girls with a rare medical condition called Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome that causes the vagina to develop improperly, or sometimes not at all. Between ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A similar phenomenon arising from the same centrifugal action is sometimes observed in rotational flows which do not follow a curved wall, such as the rib vortices seen in the wakes of cylinders and generated behind moving structures. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbon has three naturally occurring isotopes. About 99% of carbon on Earth is carbon-12 (C), about 1% is carbon-13 (C), and a trace amount is carbon-14 (C). The C and C isotopes are stable, while C decays radioactively to nitrogen-14 (N) with a half-life of 5730 years. C on Earth is produced nearly exclusively by th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The single survivin gene can give rise to four different alternatively spliced transcripts:
# Survivin, which has a three-intron–four-exon structure in both the mouse and human.
# Survivin-2B, which has an insertion of an alternative exon 2.
# Survivin-Delta-Ex-3, which has exon 3 removed. The removal of exon 3 results... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organ printing utilizes techniques similar to conventional 3D printing where a computer model is fed into a printer that lays down successive layers of plastics or wax until a 3D object is produced. In the case of organ printing, the material being used by the printer is a biocompatible plastic. The biocompatible plast... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sellar and Boreman have argued that this SNR improvement can be considered as a result of freedom from needing an exit slit inside the spectrometer, since an exit slit reduces the light collected by the detector by the same factor. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Semiquinones (or ubisemiquinones, if their origin is ubiquinone) are free radicals resulting from the removal of one hydrogen atom with its electron during the process of dehydrogenation of a hydroquinone, such as hydroquinone itself or catechol, to a quinone or alternatively the addition of a single hydrogen atom with... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pesticide contamination can be long-term and have a significant impact on decomposition processes and nutrient cycling. Therefore, their degradation can be expensive and difficult.
The most commonly used fungi for helping in the degradation of such substances are white rot fungi, which, thanks to their extracellular li... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recent advances in the understanding of biomolecules enabled their application to numerous fields like medicine, diagnostics, biocatalysis and materials. Synthetically modified biomolecules can have diverse functionalities, such as tracking cellular events, revealing enzyme function, determining protein biodistribution... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a transverse force is applied to a beam, the result is variation in bending normal stresses along the length of the beam. This variation causes a horizontal shear stress within the beam that varies with distance from the neutral axis in the beam. The concept of complementary shear then dictates that a shear stress... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Colloids can be classified as follows:
Homogeneous mixtures with a dispersed phase in this size range may be called colloidal aerosols, colloidal emulsions, colloidal suspensions, colloidal foams, colloidal dispersions, or hydrosols. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Upregulation refers to the increase in the number of receptor sites on the membrane. Estrogen and FSH upregulate LHCGR sites in preparation for ovulation. After ovulation, the luteinized ovary maintains LHCGR s that allow activation in case there is an implantation. Upregulation in males requires gene transcription to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.